') Volume XVIH-Ne. 2. CLOTIIIA'tl. OPICINfi OPENING AT H. GERHART'S New Tailoring EstabMiit, Ne. 6 East Kins Street. I have just completed fitting up one of the Finest Tailoring Establishments te be tciumi In this t-lale. and am new prepared te show my customers a .stock of goods for llie SPRING TRADE. which for iialily, style and variety of Patterns has never been equaled in this city. 1 will keep and sell no goods which I cannot recommend te my customer.-, no matter Jiow low In juice. All goods Witrranteil as represented, and prices as low as the lowest, at Ne. 6 East King Street, Next Doer te the New Yerk Stere. H. GERHART. VKW hTOUIt OI F CLOTII1NO ren SPRING 1881, AT D. B. Hestettcr & Sen's Ne. 24 CENTRE SQUARE. Having made uiitiMialclIoitste bring before the public a line, stylish and well made stock el h we are new prepared te show them one, of the most carefully selected stocks of clothing In this city, at the Lewest Cash Prices. MEN'S, HOYS' AMI XOUTJIS' CLOTHING! IN GREAT VARIETY. Piece Goods el the Me,l Stylish Designs uudat prices within the reach et ull. tf-Givc us a call . 0. B. HesteM Seu, 24 CENTRE SQUARE, 26-lyd LANCASrEK, PA. hooks AXit ajUj stss:n. SCHOOL IHXIKS: SCHOOL BOOKS! SCHOOL BOOKS! AH Scheel Heeks and .Scheel .Supplies at the very lowest rates at L. M. 1 LYNN'S, Ne. 42 WEST KING 8TKKKT. OCIIOOL IWOKS! SCHOOL ROOKS, XE1V AND FRESH ! GREAT JtEDUCTlON IN PRICE. Shelf-Wern Scheel Beeks, Geed as new, which l will sell far below the Regular Prices. SECOND-HAND BOOKS, In Exccllenl Condition, at Astonishingly Lew Prices. All books used in the schools and colleges of the city and county, new and lre.-.h, always en hand, at the most "liberal rates. My arrange ments with publishers enable me te sell school books at lewei rates than ever before. I shall be. happy te have you call and learn my prices before purchasing elsewhere. CHAS. EL BARE, Ne. Xi CENTRE SQUAUE, augtfl-tfd Lancaster, Pa. TOnS BAKU'S SONS. SCHOOL BOOKS FOIl THE LANCASTER SCHOOLS, AT THE LOWEST PRICES, AT THE BOOKSTORE OF JOM BAEBS SOIS, 15 and 17 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, 1A. liyjSKUAHilX18, St. TV 7 IKE AVIKDOW SCKEENS. In order net te cany ever any stock wc have reduced the price of our Extension Frames for Wire Window Screens te seventy-five cents and upwards. We meas ure the windows and put them up at short no tice and in such a manner that you need net remove I hem when you wish te close the win dow. All kinds et plain, figured and land scape wires. WALLPAPERS in elegant styles and large assortment for the coining season. We have opened some choice Dade Window Shades entirely new. The designs arc bcauti- iui ami ixuuiui iuii uj incase Orders taken fei Fine PIER AND MANTLE MIRRORS. vi piain goons we nave an colors and wiutlis. Hollands, Paper Curtains, Fixtures. Cords. Tassels, Fringes, Leeps, Extension Cornices. Poles, Ends, &c. PHARES W. FRY, NO. 07 NORTH O.CEEN ST. Hancastrr Jntelligenccr. FRIDAY EVENING, SEPT. 2, 1881. HIGH FARMING AND HOME CULTURE. THE FUTURE OF EAST PENNSYLVANIA FARMING. NEW CHOI'S ASDXEWMKTIIODS, Delivered before Mm Ciunbs-rbiiul Valley Editorial Association at the Tri-Stalu (Pennsylvania, Slarylautl and U'-t Vir ginia) (.rangers' ami farmers' J-ic Nic, Williams' Greve, Cumberland Ce., l'a., .Sept. , 1H81, by W. V. HeiiHCl, of Lancaster, l'a. Fellow Citizens : Grangers, Fanners and Editor, Ladies and Gentlemen. Hit be asked what place lias tlic editorial pro fession hi this celebration, or what right is there for the intrusion of a discussion of agricultural topics iu a convention of editors, let it be answered that the func tion of the mess, iu the present supremacy of its estate, is te recognize and review every interest which concerns the general welfare, and heuce especially te note the progress and the prospects of the eldest and best continuing pursuit of man, that lirst occupation iu which he was engaged, the one by which he chielly subsists and in which he realizes his greatest dignity, best maintains his independence and most fully realizes his individuality. Ner need 1 say hew many of the two thousand million printed sheets which fall from the newspaper presses of this country each year find ledgement in its agricul agricul tund'eemmunitics ; nor te what extent in turn the great fer-g of average public opinion te which press and politicians bow is meulded and toned among these whose Days are sennit, whose minds aiv bent To"lellow the useful plough. 1 shall net yield myself te the tempta tion te indulge in the romance of agricul ture. Tlic primary occupation of man and the basic wealth of nations, it is the self-existent pursuit of human activity, iu which there can be no disastrous overpro duction, into which surplus industry can ever and again be profitably directed, where the resources of capital and the en ergy of labor can iiud engagement without friction and tlic prosperity or which is, en the whole, as sure and certain as its uni versality is essential te man's moral de velopment and material comfort. In every age and clime and under all conditions of the world's life the farmer has been the corner stone of the social and the national structure. The statesman and moralist, philosopher and economist have always recognized his vital importance. The plow is pictured en Theban palace, Egyp tian tomb, Etrurian vase ami Urccian bass reliefs. In Utopia, you will remember, that farm houses were built ever the whole country and of each family of forty a score were sent, in rotation every two vcai-s Mem the cities te farms, mat an might acquire some knowledge of the till age el the son. nam '-Minci tv ce-ter, ' AH national wealth depends upon an en lightened agriculture. " Our Nalieii.it Deiii.mi. Te us as a nation has it been left te il lustrate this in a peculiar maimer ami upon a magnitude of scale never beline dreamed of. Half our adult population are engaged iu (his pursuit, and 71 pir cent, of our farms ate occupied by their owners. "We have a system of laiidlinldiugs tli.it up holds free government and supplies healthy bleed for the body politic, a do main sufficient te supply the whole world's demands for breadstuff, and se many acres available for wheat culture that even the present enormous yield would net secji all the laud. Se wide reaching is that domain that the Heur from the lirst harvested wheat of Georgia reaches us almost before the spring seeding of the Northwest has begun. We exhibit an iucrcasu iu cereal pro duct of nearly one hundred per cent, in the last decade, from a country furrowed se lately with the pleughshare of war, and yet wc have a home market aud domestic consumption for !)3 per cent of what wc laise. Swollen as wc aic with piide in our manufactures, there is nearly as much capital invested in our leather inter ests as lumber, aud the investment in flour mills is greater than the total value of all our iron manufactures. Hew marvelous the contrast with our rival for the supremacy of nations, onee celebrated for the number of its laud pre pricten, in whose united kingdom new, with its advance of population, the total number of land owners has shrunk from 180,000 in 1G88 and 2e0,00t) in 178G te 170, 000 in 187G, where 523 individuals own a fifth of all the land and net one in thirty is a land owner, where half of Scotland is partitioned among a dozen, and all of Ire laud scarcely knows as many owners of the seu as a single county in i'oimsyiva i'eimsyiva uia ; with Germany, whose peasantry quit their fatherland by hundreds of thou sands for a home here ; aud with Russia plagued by the problem of her freed serfs ! The. very branches of agriculture in which wc arc rising into eminence arc decaying in the mother country ; and what with the ret iu sheep husbandry there, the decline in the profitableness of dairying, the losses iu tlic production of animal feed, aud the diminution of wheat culture, the pros pects of new markets for the American surplus arc steadily enhancing. Agricultural l'reblems. Glowing as the -picture is, it is net te be forgotten that these beuudlcss resources aud tins marvelous development are net without their problems. As the original Divine mandate prescribed that the Ad amic tiller of the vineyard should euly cat his bread in the sweat of his brew and sit mulct the shelter of his vine and fig tree for the tending of them, se the pur suit of agriculture has ever since been accompanied with toils and beset with difficulties, and every step of its advance has been crossed with new problems worthy the most intelligent investigation. It is te some of these that I would direct attcutieu new, the mere especially as they concern a majority of these gathctcd here, scarcely venturing, however, te mere than suggest them for the application of your fuller experience te their solution. The most casual observer of the drift of population and of agricultural develop ment iu this country has noticed that the centre of production has steadily moved toward the northwest. Sivcu-tcuths of the entire wheat crop is grown in Illinois, Indiana, Ohie, Michigan, Miuncseta, Iowa, California and Wisconsin ; whiic Illinois, Iowa and Missouri alone produced iu 1879 upwaitl of eight hundred million bushels of corn, or mere than the yield of the en tire country in 1800. Hanging 'upon our northern boundaries arc the great wheat -fields of the future, these two hundred or mere millions of virgin acres in the valleys of the Ked river, the reacc,the Athabasca and the Saskatchewan, producing a superior grain, and yielding after thirty five years the increased production of thirty bushels te the acre, showing no signs of exhaustion after that long use without fertilizers. The immense grazing grounds of the Southwest where ten thousand herds can feed, no one in another's sight aud our cuormeus rail road development, bringing these distant fields closer te market than you were a half century age, need only be suggested te remind you hew.successfully the hus bandmen of these cheaper fat lands and tlic herdsmen of that rich grassy do main cau excel the farmers of Eastern Pennsylvania in some former special fea tures of agriculture here. New, en' the ether hand, the demand for market supplies is enlarging aud coming nearer te our doers. The vastly increas ing population of )itr seaboard cities aud tlie growing manufacturing interests of our own state make the immediate distriet which I new have in mind the centre of a population comprising many millions, whose tastes for luxuries and the ministry te whose necessities afford opportunity for (he successful introduction of new methods and diversified products. A consideration collateral te the west ward drift of population, enterprise and agricultural development, which has been one of deep concern te intelligent farmers, has been the tendency of the best bleed and brains te quit the pursuits of the fathers and let go the plow handles for city liTe. attracted by the bustle of its business activity, the dash of mercantile speculation or the glitter of social life, tee often only te be shipwrecked en the rocks of bankruptcy or ruined iu the whirl of fashionable dissipation. I am net unmindful that the country aud the farm have beeu the nursery and training school of many of our brijlitest and strongest intellects : that the v : r and breadth of mind se essential I ha best success in any sphere have It i nowhere se well nourished as in th- .suits of agricultural life, anil that ever a again wc must leek te it te trace the early steps of some Divinely gifted man. Whose life in low estate began. And en a humble village green. ! t Who Moving up from high te higher Iteeemuj. en Fortune's crowning slops. The pillar of a people's hope. The centre el" the world's de-tire. The fact rcniYuis that farm life has loe long suffered the reproach from thesj who might most have adorned it that it is net emgcui.il te the development of social culture. men farming. Te these, then, who seek te find where in lie the future enhiuced profit and pleasure of this pursuit which is your common interest, I answer th.'.t the future of farming iu this psculiarly favored and advanced region lies iu High Farming aud Heme Culture. They will accompany each ether, and their development will be contemporaneous. Fer whatever tends te give mere intelligent direction te agricul ture will enhance its-profits and hence its pleasures; and with the promotion of scientific regulation there must come greater comforts of living ; the necessity for investigation will lead te broader learn ing, and tlic application of new methods impel each generation te the elevation of this calling in its moral as well as mater ial aspects. .Small Farms. Increasing fertility aud productiveness, resulting iu advanced prices for laud, must lead te a subdivision of farms. Te no small extent is the parfuctien of our tillage due te the original Pennsylvania policy of small laud grants, and as the years roll en il will lu found Ih it fifty acres ate mew productive than a hundred, and twenty-live mere productive than fifty. I am net sure that the time is far distant when wc will realize "'ten acres enough" as mere than the dream of a book farmer. .Mississippi, with double as many plantations as before the war, but averaging only half the size. produces twice as much" cotton new is then. France, with far less area than Texas, ewes her production of wheat, nearly as large as ours, her horses and ettle,' al most as many, aud her sheep mere, te the svstem el small hmdheldings. It is te the thrift of her people, their accurate and economical cultivation of small par cels of ground, that she ewes the recupera tive power which has made her a marvel ameiur nations and the admiration of the entire world. There is no poverty se piti ful as laud poverty and no farmer se desti tute as one who owns tee much. Many a one who might have grown rich en fifty acres, which he could pay for, has starved ou a hundred, Jju half of which he was iu debt aud paid fterest. Indeed, I am far from being convinced that every owner-farmer cauuet most profitably work exactly as much land as he can buy and pay for. Cleser Vanning. The subdivision of farms by the future farmer of East Pennsylvania means a change and a diversity of products, no less than the competition of ether sections. Fer it is plain that if an acre cau be made te produce $100, where before four acres produced $23 each, the same area will sup port just four times the former amount of agricultural occupation, wuctucr ey ncjv methods and increased care the yield is of the same product as before or by the in troduction of a new interest the cultiva tion of the land is turned te better ad vantage. Up te a certain point there can be no doubt that two blades of grass may be made te grew where only ene grew ; and where the farmer who new raises fiftceu bushels of wheat te the acre might raise thirty, or who new grows forty bushels of corn might produce eighty or one hundred, he has net yet given such a fair trial te his present opportunities as te entitle him te experiment with an in creased acreage or te turn his lauds te new crops. The fut 1110 farmer of East Pennsylvania will first of all, by all meth ods net exhaustive of the soil, se till his lauds as te get the largest available yield of the crops which hu new cultivates with profit. New Creps. licyeud that his. interest will be found in the introduction of new crops. Beside a close care for all improved varieties of the present ordinary cercals and few suf ficiently realize the importance of select ing seeds with abundant caution for their qualities of fertility the Eastern Pennsyl vania farmer must be ou the lookout for new interests iu the selection of his pro ducts. The cultivation of tobacco, new no longer a novelty or experiment, has reach ed its greatest development in that ceun ty which even before its general introduction had reached the front place iu American agricultural districts and new far out ranks all ethers. Its profits arc notably large, aud sufficient time has elapsed te dissipate all fears of the most apprehen sive for the exhaustion of the soil. The Lancaster county farmer, rejoicing iu his gross receipts of from $150 te$G00peracrc for his tobacco, has discovered the secret and the sufficiency of amply replenishing all the draiu upon his soil by the applica tion of stable manure, the production of which is net unprofitable in itself ; and after twenty-five years fair trial I am sup ported by all the facts when I declare that the strength of the tobacco lands of Lan caster and the general fertility of its farms en few of which tobacco is net new grown is far greater than when its cul ture began. Te an audience of intelligent LANCASTER, PA., FRIDAY. SEPTEMBER 2. 1831. farmers I need net enter into further de tails "than te say that the fair average yield per acre nets te the owner of the soil $100 per season, and the profits te the cropper of one mau's labor for six months average $200. Surely no branch of farm labor yet become common in this section can show results commensurate with these. Incidentally the effect of this in terest upon the material development of the community, the immense warehouses erected for its handling, the employment furnished te thousands of labereis, the exchange of money and the great stimulus given te trade arc an unmixed geed. In cidentally the increased number of cattle and horses required te be fed te supply the larger demand for manure has been in it self a source of profit. I cannot leek far enough into the future te see when the farmer of Eastern Pennsylvania will abandon se lucrative an interest as tobac co culture. The cultivation of the sugar bout is slowly but surely making its way te the attention of our fanners. Its ultimate practicability and profit can hardly be doubted. With little ever a tenth as great acreage iu potatoes in 1830 as of wheat the yield was nearly a third iu value, a fact which forcibly illustrates the improved uses te which lands near mar ket may be devoted under the system of high farming. Experiments with onions, for the sale ei which there is never dull ness aud our increased immigration gives no cause te despair of perpetual markets for potatoes and onions-exhibit much mere striking comparisons, and the developed pessibilites of seven hundred bushels te the acre point te an industry which will mark a most profitable departure in East Pennsylvania farmiug. Of the profits of fruit raising and truck gardening the data are less accessible aud the experience of these who engage in them may vary mere widely, but of their cer tainty in the long run there can be no rea sonable doubt. "With constantly increas ing demand, due no mere te the increasing population than te improved taste, an en larged desire for luxuries and a regard for the sanitary uses of vegetables aud fruit, the garden aud orchard may be widened upon every farm in Eastern Pennsylvania with assurances of a safe investment. Ne longer need he who plants an orchard wait for another generation te pluck the fruit, but my middle-aged hearer can yet realize for himself the profits from such an enter prise fully equal te the erdiuary branches of his agricultural operations. A gentle man who new gathers from 10 acres of orchard 5,000 bushels of apples realizes en his investment a far greater percentage than your wheat raiser, the corn grower or even the tobacco heci. Te a far greater extent than new will the future farmer of Eastern Pennsylvania bea horticultur ist. Dairying. . Dairying, perhaps, is an industry, the spread of which may be determined by local causes, though the new and ad vanced ideas en the feeding of cattle aud the institution of the co-operative scheme of creameries seem te be destined te revo lutionize the old notions of milk, cheese and butter producing farms. Year by year the radius of the dairy interest has reached further out from the great cities. The cheesc-makiug farms of the country arc rapidly increasing in number. There is yet te be found a mere profitable sys tem of farming than the milk farms of the Western Ueserve or one mere conducive te social comfort and intellectual progress, anil its imitation en an improved scale may yet be a feature of our local farm ing. SHU Predttctici:. Despite the ridiculous memory of the nuirus muHit'.aiilis mevemenf of a genera tion age I am hopeful that before your sons die many a farm iu this vicinity will be crowned by successful eflerts at silk culture, realizing the early colonial idea.! when the Virginia Assembly ellercd a prize of li ft j' pounds of tobacco for each pound of wound silk produced, when every land owner was required te plant and fence twelve mulberry trees for each 150 acres, aud when Gov. Law, of Conuee Cenuee ticut,arraycd in the fine dress of a hundred and thirty years age, had a silk coat, and stockings of domestic manulacture. Thus far I have dealt mainly with the variety of productions and the increased yield of the future farmer en these lauds. Mere immediately is he concerned about the application of improved methods te his present interests. Fencing. The subdivision of the lands implies an increase of fencing, a consideration involv ing largely unappreciated and often tin measured expense. With the increasing scarcity of material, the item of fencing has really become an enormous ene, the total value of fences iu this state alone footing up two hundred million dollars and the annual cost of them being esti mated at ten millions. In part the rapidly introduced barbed wire fence meets this problem, but in the main I am satisfied that the future farmer will abolish inside fencing. Even if pasturing does net become a lest art with the improved science of farming, a portable fence will meet all its requirements, and except this inside fences will become a relic of stupidity ; the land occupied by them will be devoted te profitable production, un sightly " corners " or Icauiug lines of drunken rail fences will no letigcr elteud the eye and mar the landscape, and neught save boundaries of contentious neighbors, iu name alone, will require te be thus marked. Ensilage. Theoretically aud practically the novel scheme of ensilage seems te recommend itself te the approbation of these who have given it fair minded attention. Its effect upon stock, for beef or dairy product, is net euly net deleterious, but highly beneficial, increasing the wholeseiucncss of milk, cheese and butter, while in prac tical operation it presents the remarkable exhibit of supporting a largely increased herd en the former number of acres ; and their increased manure in, turn vastly strengthens the laud aud supports in creased productiveness. The astonishing claim of Mr. Mills, the exponent of the system iu this country, is te support en a given number of acres from live te ten times the same number of dairy cows, at the reduced expense of scarcely enc seventh that of the old system. Even should these claims upon an average trial have te be discounted by two-thirds, ensil age must be a feature of future farmiug in Eastern. Pennsylvania. Improved Machinery. Te an audieuce, the memories of matiy ei whom run back te the flail and sickle, aud in the presence of this splendid display all about us of improved farm machinery, I need net speak of the importance te well-directed and profitable farming of the best appliauces. The economy of power, of time and material in farm labor has stimulated the native genius of Yankee inventive power te his best efforts in behalf of better mechanical agencies for these who till the soil. Iu 182G two men and five horses were engaged contin uously for twelve, weeks in threshing l,e00 bushels of wheat ; forty years later, en a California farm, 40,318 bushels of grain were harvested, threshed, cleaned and stored iu thirty-six days by twenty-two hands, and in the wheatfields of the Red Ilivcr counties a steam thresher and gang new count the threshing of 2,000 bushels per day fair work. I need net pursue this vivid comparison te depict the part which improved machinery will play in the de velepment of Eastern Pennsylvania farm ing iu the years near at hand. Under the same head 1 beg you te consider the great number of details which are some times classed as " conveniences," though such features of improved farm life as ice houses, wind mill pumps or ether devices te supply water constantly and abund autly without manual labor, the applica tion of herse or steam power te all prac ticable branches of labor, and the count less devices .of the tool house, carriage house, barn and field which de the work of an hour iu five minutes, are new neces sities te successful farming iu this scctieu. A late traveler iu the Seuth watched with a curious interest which taught him the lessen of a great page in our national his tory three men who spent a whole after noon twisting a rope'.for a weli.aud used in the work thread that had cost mere than the required rope could have been bought for. Fertilizers. The nature and value of fertilizers, the analysis of all commercial manures and the relative cost aud worth of animal fertil izers will be a subject te engage the intel ligent attention of the farmer. A recent, statute of Pennsylvania enactment will greatly aid him, but he needs te be en the careful lookout none the less te secure the really valuable and nutritious material than'te avoid the fraudulent and worth less. The coming farmer en this soil will be a chemist in his way ; and no clement of his succccs will be of greater efficiency than his discrimination in this respect. Yeu have read of Dunsten Pillar en the the Lincoln Heath, the only light house ever known en land, set there in the middle of the last century te guide belated travel ers ever the Ieug stretch of dreary waste land. New it stands iu the midst, of a fertile and highly-cultivated region with no barren moors in sight from its top made te blossom by the culture of turnips and the application of phosphates. The successful return te the soil of the sewage and excrement of our great cities is an un solved problem as yet and 100 sewage farms en trial in Euglaud give no satisfac tory report. The ultimately certain solu tion of this vexed question can have no mere premising field te be worked out upon than in this dependency upon four cities of the first rank. (ieiid Stock. Regarding the value of improved sleck iu such a plan of farming as I have in view, I am sure I need net occupy much of your time and mine. Time and experi ence have fully vindicated the marked tendeucy of the advanced American farmer te introduce better bleed into his barnyard and stable. I need net new speak of the monumental examples of $10,000 paid iu this country for a single cow or $1-1,000 for a sheep, nor of the princely prices of our racehorses, nor of the marvelleus number whose record dis tances these ligiucs which ence steed as a synonym for speed, nor of the total value of tlie live stock en American farms, alone far out-topping the colossal figures of our war debt enough te assert the demon strated fact that careful breeding of geed stock is in the interest of prefitable farm ing te suggest another important direction in which the energy and enterprise of the coming farmer of Eastern Pennsyl vania must and will be devoted. It is in the near futuic that the mild-cyed Al Al deruey, the spirited llamblctenian, the sturdy Percheren, the fat and flceej' Cots Cets Cets weld," the sleek and shapely Berkshire and the hard - fleshed and steady-laying Ply mouth Reck will be the delight of our farmers as the rule and net the excep tion. Drainage, irrigation, subseiliug, the ro tation of crops aud nutrition efauiinals, tlic quality of seeds, the growth, the na ture, the contagious spread and the exter mination of weeds, the utilization of wastes, arc a few of many ether questions in methods iu farmiug, te which its fore most exponents are gradually turning profitable attention, and in the settlement of which the advanced agriculturist will find great gain. "With all of these the successful farmer will unite the general principles of methodical business manage ment, a system of closely kept accounts, a debtor and creditor statement of every in terest, a balance sheet for each depart ment, se that gains may be computed and losses detected, leaks stepped and breaks mended. HOME CULTUIJ.K. Under such conditions there cannot fail te be a marked advance in the social life and in the development of what may net inaptly be designated as " culture " in these whose lines are-cast in the pursuits of the farm The quality of the labor which will engage the farmer's attention and the improved modes of doing it, arc bound te lead him te habits of study and the enjoyment of refinements, which will contribute te the comfort and dignity no less than they will enhance the profits of his occupation. The accumulation of wealth, the spread of intelligence, the lighter employments and the quicker as sociation of man and man will all tend te make mere musical " the song of the sewer " and mere congenial the life of these " who tear The malted ward with spade and share." Forestry. Closely related with what I have hitherto referred te, and strongly conducing te the higher view of farm life.is the comprehen sive subject of "Irce planting," whether considered with a view only te the profits and pleasure of fruit production or in re gard te forestry, the preservation aud re plenishing of wasting timber lands. I have euly time te refer you te certain well, es tablished facts te demonstrate the neces sity for greater attention te this interest. Mahomet said : " The tree is father of the rain." With the extinction of the forests the jiewcr of the springs and the regularity of the streams, vital elements of agricul tural prosperity, have visibly been most unfavorably affected ; the winters have become mere open and the summers less moist ; tlie climate mere variable, the winds mere destructive and orchards less prolific. Ensuing climatic seventies are as fatal te the farmer as feebleness or sterility of soils ; while the removal of the protection ence afforded him by timber belts en elevated 'ridges, te break the force I el tuc storms, lias often mere man onset increased fertility or greater acreage under cultivation. The maintenance or provi previ sion of proper shade in pasturing places, by waters, around shed and stable, have invariably been found te be compensated by a saving or increase of strength, milk, fat aud fleece. In short, I venture the opinion upon competent authority that in any considerable area of cultivated coun try the net productiveness of a given acreage will be increased rather than diminished by leaving or planting one fifth of it in geed timber growth ; and this proportion it should be the aim of the coming farmer te maintain or establish. Experiments with the maple, catalpa, locust, the black walnut, the wild cherry and a large variety of ether tiees show that abundant and sufficient profits may be realized at least twice in every gencra- tien for the farmer, who, of all men, lives most for the morrow aud cau bide his time for return te any safe investment. ' Weedman spare that tree " is with him a sound business principle no less than a matter of healthy sentiment. I have the greater confidence that the success of this interest lies in individual care of it, stim ulated by the universal recognition of its importance. It has however been the sub ject of governmental protection and pa tronage in nearly all advanced states for inauy ars, since at least 1770 when Fred erick' me Great established a ceurse of thceictical instruction in forestry. Since then Germany, Austria, Hungary, Switz erland, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Russia and Denmark have erected schools of forestry, and England sends pupils te the French school at Nancy, te be trained for the management of forests in her colenics. In our own ceuutry the elder states like Massachusetts and Con necticut, sensitive te the less of their tim ber lands, give paternal care te their resto ration and many western states enjoin and encourage tree planting, and their people have made "arbor day" a festival of general observance. The state aud national government can largely aid and must be depended upon for the dissemination of information en the subject, especially as reirarils the adantatieu of soil and climate and the introduction el exogenous trees. 1 1 leek with confidence te the day when, as has beeu suggested, it shall be the aim of railroads everywhere te mark their lines by continuous belts of trees, thus improv ing and making profitable their right of way, erecting shelter for the adjoining fields, and and heightening the beauty of the landscape. Ner would it be an un profitable duty of the township readmastcr te plant such grateful sh-.ule along every dusty highway. Decaying Spain sets an impressive example by the beautiful cus tom of her people te plant by the roadside the cast-off seed of fruit there eaten. Above the commercial view of this question is the sentimental consideration, censideration, consideratien, whicli must appeal with force te every lever of nature, from the dullest, clod that ever rested iu the neon shade te the farmer enthusiast who delights in the rugged beauty of the gnarled aud lightning-defying oak, who watches each year with new interest the wonder of the flowering chestnut, its fruitage and the fall of the leaf; whose every sense of the aesthetic is gratified in the matchless beauty of "the single drooping elm, most picturesque of all our trees, aud who, iu the vernal freshness of the woodlands or the gorgeous autumn glory of the forests reads ever and ever the miracle of nature. In my own county I knew a farmer whose eyesight had been gratified for many years by a splendid tree which stoed'in a little knell upon a neighbor's field. At last, when cupidity and the calculation of its worth by the cord had resolved upon its destruction, the subject of my admiration paid the owner his full price of the weed it might realize te let it stand, a crown te the landscape and a memorial te the right sense of a Lancaster county farmer. Yeu will believe me he was no mere sentiment alist when I tell you that his butter always brought the highest price in the market and the plough never struck a stone ou Ids land. The coming farmer here will be a forester. Lecal Politics. He will be a politician, tee, iu the best sense .of the word, watchful for the dig nity, the honor aud the prosperity of all public administration. Realizing the benef icence of local self-government he will ap preciate and banish the baleful spirit of partisanship from the selection of local officials. Fer no such curse has fallcu upon our political system as the prevailing ideas that the lines of local and national politics run parallel, whereas they should cress at right angles. The abundant care of and most intelligent ptovisieu for the public schools, regardless of what, alas ! wc call "politics"; and honest, capable and progressive supervision of the public reads will be objects of chief political con cern te the future farmer. It is my opinion that in the intelligent laying-out, grading. macadamizing aud smoothing of reads, the erection and protection of free bridges, the general employment of read scrapers, the" arrangement of breaks and water courses, the erection of fiuger beards, and ether. duties of the su pervisor our eastern counties show most lamcutablc lackland that the resulting losses anil wear aud tear aggregate double the increased read tax that would ensue from a proper discharge of these duties, by better men thau arc usually elected te perform them. Indeed it is a matter of conviction that, for the advanced state of the leading ceuuties of Eastern Pennsyl vania, tell bridges and turnpikes are relics of primitive conditions and should speedily be abolished. The public should new support these ways of travel necessary for the public convenience. Iu the richest rural county of the commonwealth it is the reproach of its capital city a centre of trade aud population before the revolu revelu revolu teonthat almost every rqad leading into it is obstructed by a tell bar, the rates being nearly as high as railroad fares ; and se general is this embargo en trade that even ou euc of the public streets, within the limits of the city of Lancaster, a corporation, by the grace of legislative deformity, swings its gate across the high way, and public sentiment is dull te an imposition which is as great as that for which our fathers raised the tempest in a tea-pet in Bosten a century :je. Breader Learning. The study of no science nor art within the whole range of liberal culture will be inconsistent with, or lack opportunity for development in the cxpcricuce of the ed ucated and advanced farmer of the future. Most of all, plainly, will the very extend ed studv of the natural sciences claim his attention and serve his practical purposes. Betany, no less than chemistry, is a study which must engage the attention, aud it will seen enchain the interest of the scien tific farmer ; and te him who, in the long winter nights of leisure or in the gray dawn of an early rising, instinctively turns his eyes te the beauties and wonders of the heavens, the science of astronomy, new made popular and full of poetry and legend, will be a source of entertainment and profit. Walking with his head among , the stars and his feet amid the flowers, inhaling the fragrance of nature, awed by her grandeur, inspired by her eloquence and entranced by her beauty, the farmer feels his lordship ever nature and his kinship with its creator. The employment of steam power for farm work opens a wide- field of interest ing aud practical education ; geology may teach the constituents of the soil and chemistry dissolve them ; scientific fore casts of the weather are a development of meteorology, the dim possibilities of which are of tremendous importance te the agriculturist, involving net only the probabilities" of the weather, but its measurable conrel. He may yet ride the whirlwind and direct the storm. Partial relief from dreuth and regulation of rain fall are net beyond the dream of our mod ern science which sets its ladders against the sky. Comforts of Living. The selection of eligible locations for buildings ; their proper arrange ment and most convenient con cen con stiuctien ; the sanitary regulation Trice Twe Cents. of tludr relative position, se that foul odors and ill draiuage may net offend the senses and poison the atmosphere ; the ereetien of farm houses with a view te proper architectural effect, for the beauty of the landscape and the comfort aud economy of their occupants ; the encour agement and practice of floriculture ; the refinements of home life, in the cultiva tion of music, litorature aud the line arts ; the accumulation of private libraries ; the diffusion of local and agricultural news papers and periodicals, are a few of many ether signs of the higher agricultural life, new hannilv outcreppinsr in this cemmu nity aud calculated te bear rich fruit in early generations. Te them may be added the liberal patronage and earnest main tenance in every section of regular asso ciations aud exhibits calculated te dissemi nate agricultural information, te test new and cempctiug implements, te investigate and relieve diseases of stock or failure of crops, te discuss and pass judgment upon new methods, te .expose frauds, and, in general, te promote all the ends of agri culture. Secure :.s the past of the East Pennsyl vania farmer is, his future may yet be better. His opportunities arc such that he need fear no competition in their develop develep incut. Improved modes aud a versatility of resources premise abundant return for his investment and his labor, while the steadily improving refinements of home life ami social culture will lend charm te the old monotony and average the long periods of dullness succeeded by stretches of overwork. Heraco Greeley, who kucw far mere about farming and did mere for it than he usually is credited 'with, said : "The highest fruition of all labor is man." Of no industry is this se true as of an enlightened ami progressive agri culture. Fer seven hundred years a stenw pest near Caire has marked the rise and over ever over llew of the river and set the time for old Egypt's festival of rejoicing that her harvest was assured. Far down the cen turies the prosperity of our agricultural interests shall continue te be the Niloni Nileni cter of our national greatness and the sign te all people of our advancement in the march of civilization. Speed the plow and speed the harrow; Peace and plenty send abroad. Cetter far the spade and barrow Than the cannon or tlie sword. Each invention, each improvement. Renders weak oppression's red ; Every sign and every movement liriugs us nearer truth ami l.'ed. It Seems Impossible That a remedy made of such common, simple plants us Heps, iiuchii. Mandrake. Dandelion. Jtc, should make se manyuml such marvelous and wonderful eures as Hep Hitters de, but when old and young, rich and peer. Paster and Docter, Lawyer and Editor, all testily te having been cured by them, you must believe and try them yourself, and doubt no longer. See ether column. sl-'iwd.tw Small Comfert. When you are continually coughing night anil day, annoying everybody nreiuul you, and hoping it will go away el its own iieeerd, you are running a dangerous risk better usi Or. Themas EclectrieOil, an unfailing remedy in all such cases. Fer sale at. II. IS. Cochran's drug store, 137 North Ojuccu street, Lancaster. (iemly Deck It. Eugene Cress, Swan street, I'.ud'ale, writes : "1 have used Spring IMossem for dyspepsia and indigestion and have found it te act ad mirably ns a gcntle aperient and bleed puri fied, l consider it uucqualcd ; you are at liberty te use my name as a reference.' " l'riee'ai cents. Fer sale at It !:. Cochran's Drug Stere, 1"J7 North Queen street.Lancaster. A AlarTclmi Cure Fer all bodily ailments, arising from Impurity of bleed, a torpid liver, irregularity et the bewcK indigestion, constipation or iti-terdcr-ed kiilnevs is warranted in a Iree tie of lliir lliir deck Weed Kitten-. Price f I. Fer sale at II. it. Cochran's Dcug Stere, l'J7 North ijiieen street. Lancaster jtiiY noens. J. " MAKTIX CO. Gents' Furnishing Goods Department. We are constantly receiving Novelties iu Grunts' Furnishing Goods. NOVELTIES IN FALL HOSIERY, NOVELTIES IN FALL NECKWEAR. FANCY COLOltED SHIRTS, KUIE FLANNEL SHIRTS. CHEVIOT SHIRTS. UUV THU PEARL SHIRT, Wilheutany exception by far the Rest Shirt In the Market. VISICKiMLY $1.00. Special Measures taken, made et Kest Wain suii Muslin and Finc.-t Linen, and guaran teed te lit. J. B. MARTIN & CO., Cor. W. King and Prince Streets, LANCASTER. PA. S1 EA.SOXAKLK liOOIlS. DICES"? GINOIIAMS, VICTORIA LAWNS. INDIA LINENS AT THE NEW YORK STORE. HPT, SHS1 & CO. Are showing a great variety of Fancy Dress (Jliigliams at l'cayard Elegant Styles, Rest Quality lc " Real Scotch Zephyr Ginghainsenly.2T'c " One Case Printed Lawns 7c " Nevel Designs, Best Quality. ISc " CLOSING SALE OF (Summer Dress Goods. Cream Lace K.iutings 10c aynrii Hall Weel Lace Kuntings VZ'A: " All Weel Plain and Lace Kuntings ir.c, 17t 9JC, ISe te .Vic a yard MOM IE CREPE KUNTINGS. NUN'S VEILINGS. FRENCH FOULE SUITINGS At Very Lew Prices, at the NEW YORK STORE, 8 & XO EAST KINO STREET. JnwxLEuaT OILVEK JEWISI.KY. LACE PINS, EAR RINGS AN1 BRACELETS. NECK CHAINS AND IIA1U PINS. STUDS, SLEEVE BUTTONS AND SCARF PINS OF SILVER. AUGUSTUS BIIOADS, Ne. 20 East King Street, Lancaster, Fa
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