1 n- t3E5 "K J." f r H. V. Moethimeb, Proprief.or. INDEPENDENT " Live and Let Live." 51.00 a Year if Paid In Advance. VOL. VI., No. 7. LEIIIGIITON, CA11BON COUNTY, PA., SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1878. Single Copies, 3 ct's. art.,.. n-iirtiltnrA Wareilinuse. V. Sen warti.Uank street, dealer in all kindt of furniture, foilnimaajlo or an. Hoot ami Shoe MnUtri. Clinton Bretney,ln Lran' building. Bank street, Mlorderipromilbj filled wort warranted. Attorneys. p.. P. LONGSTUEET, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Next doot tf the ' Orion Honee. BANKeSTnEET. LEnlOHTO-V. VA. December 16-0m. Jjy' M. RAPSIlfcK, ATTOItNEV; AND cftu.N8EM.0M .T LAW, Banjc Street. LtmosTox, Pa. ,Real Estateaud Collection Acency. Will IlByand ,8.11 Ileal Bstato. Convejancliu; neatly done Col. .tactions promptly made. Settling Estates of De cedents a specialty. May be eoniulted in KnIlsh adUerman. Nct.22. J AS. It. STIi'UTlIEIlS, ATTORN SY AT LAW, 43-Office: 21 floor of llhoadIIall, tlaiioh Cliuuk, Pa, All business entrusted to him will U promptly attended to. Mv27. ly. JIKISIIAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Next Doorto First National Dank, MATCH CHUNK, PA tJCan h consulted In German. fJanO. JWstices and Insurance. pr A. nBLTZ, JUSTICE OF THE TEACE, Obert's Building. BANK-St.. LirmQiiTON. Conveyancing. Collectlnir and til other bn. .ness connected with, the offlen proinntlv attend. d to Agent for the bone Fire mid life Insnr. ,auce Companies i Heuts collected at reasoiiuble charms, Ac. Ai.rh lyl rpiioMAS s. HECit, JUSTICB OF TIIK PEACE, BANK Street, LKII1QIIT0N, Pa. Conveyai-rlng, Collecting and all business con nected with the office promptly nttended to. AVirA'iaiit for first-class Insurance Companies, mi J Kl.ka of all kind, taken on the most lllwrnl terra. Jan. 0. 187ft. THOMAS KE.1IRRKR, CONVEYANCER, fcj?NERALllURAHCE AGENT The tllowlnji Companies are Kepreseoted: liEHA.N N MUTUAL Finn, ItCAlllMl UlTTUAL i'lilE, VVOMINO FI1IB. rorrsviLLE Fine, LUIItUH FItlE. nndtheTRAV Et,FJli AlICIDUNT INSUUANCK, bAlan P'-nUsvlvanh and Mulna.1 Ilor&o Thief etec.lro aim ihouronco Company. Mured 29. 1873. TUOS. KUMEUEK. Physicians Ytnd Dentists. A. DKllllA.MEIl, M.IJ'A PHYSICIAN AND 81'llliKON Special attention paid lo Chronic Plsease. t Office: South Uast corner Iron ani 2nd at... Lo illthlon.Pa. Apr!' 3. 1873. N. U. IlKUEIt, PIUCTICIXO PHYSICIAN AND SUItOKON. plfleo, Uaxk Street, next doornhoye the Postofflre, j-ehUhtou, Pa. Office Hour Parryvllle each day roin It) to l2o'clock; remainder of day atoffireln tehlfhton Not-23.'2 'j- O. M SKI PI, 13, physician and s'unanoN. Next to E. II. Snyder's store. Banc St., LEIIlaUTON. PENN'A N.B Special atteiitlun itivealo the Curoof Bait Hpeum. ttc Jim i3-y J V-RANttLl.H I.KSII, PHYSICIAN AND bUKOliON. Late lietidenl VUytieian of lljrrtsburg Jlaipital). Office i Next door to the Union Church, WEISH'ORT. PA, 'pceifll n'ltention clven'ti tho Dlacssosnf Vorneu. coiiMiltitlou in lnuliahaDdUeiuiau. AuI8-t,8,7t!lm JU. EUIVAKU BROWN, BUHOEON DEN'IIsT, fef the rcnnylvamo Dental L'ollepe. rinhdcl. plila, haa oueU'd 'in office la LEIIIUIITON, on iinOAD Sl'UEKT. i.cxt iloor U Snydert .tore. 'All work warranted a itlafaclory. LAUOllINO OAS ued for the palnlea. ex. traction ot Teeth Auir. 1 1, 1S7.-VI Hotels and Saloons. QAitsio. iiuiisi:, t'onier Of BANK AND NORTH bTnEET.S, LEUIOI1T0N, r.. CttSHAD bClPLE, . . . PnorniETBn. Excellent Accammodatlnna 'or P-mnnent ni U Tranaient,lloiruer'. Cooimodlouit-tildiux itlUcheit Tenna u.ouerate. ooii3e "ATUAS tiHUIl, At nla SALOON next to Cluia Tailoring Eatab i.nmeni, keep the Celeuiatcd Philadelphia Lnger Beer ton.tant'v rri i an I A al.n keita n fnll .nnnW Of Pnie (K1UUV WI.MJ-, I holce CIUAUS, l'niui! Freh otsTEItB, and other Ejtnbiu . Tne pal ouoko uf t:ie i ubllo It viry rei cct fully invited. riATllA lvlll'V. Han't fnrirer Itie ulaaet Nex , m.r ahovu T. D. Clati', B A. K atictt, Lehign on. Ortil I t Wed. k ell by Annmnc'cS tS Ih'e people of Thisriton and viclo. ity vhat lie prepareu lo supply iu. m with eveiy arlio e ox IIouscrurnlMliliiK Tlmvarc, At very lowest prices i also, iRooflns and Spouting, I In nil Us brancheit, p'omptl Attcnvlexl to at prtct-i imlf ot to at the l.mcet. Give mo a ' MTORE: Onnon'iw th- PnbHo Eqanro. TUNK HISTORICAL SKETCH Of the rnoaRESs of Education in Carbon County. By It. F. Hofford, Co. Sltt. Carbon pounty was formed from arU of Monroe mm ortiiamiuoii, uy net ot Assem bly of JIareli 1.1, 1843. The townships of JVlnucli Chunk, Lausanne, upper mm Lower Towaiiicnsing niul ICast l'cnu were taken from Northampton, and l'enn Forest and Kidder from Monroe, It is twenty miles In length mid nineteen in breadth, find contains ubout uSO square miles. Tho surface is very irregular, being traversed from north-west to smith-east by numerous ridges of hills and lnountaius, somo of which arc wild and extremely pic turesque in appearance. The Lehigh river divides the futility into two nearly equal parts. Must of thu soil is gravelly and but iworl v adapted tonnrifuUure.nllhoiielmuioh of it may, by skillful culture, bo made to jiroduco gooil crujH. Them are numerous vallev's through Which llow rapid streams. allbnling excellent water powers for mills and factories', Which are, however, but littlo utilized fur that purjiose. Somo of the val leys, although but small in extent, hnvo al luvial soil mid produce, excellent crors. The first settlement within tho lim'ta of what is now Carbon county, was made in 17-10, by the Moravians, who purchased 200 acres of land on the north side of Mahoning creek, about half a mile from its junction with the Miigli. A number of houses were built nt this place for the Indians mid mis sionaries who labored among tho Indians. The place was called Gnaden llucttcn. Iu the same year a church was built, in which thu Indians Wore Leathered dailv for nravcr. they were also tdnght to read, the mechanic arts, mid how to cultivate tho soil. These wero tho first educational dibits wo have any knowledge of within tho limits of the comity. These efforts seemed tobc vcrv cncourncini at first ; but, in the course of u few years, tho land became impoverished through improp er treatment in cultivation. The population increased, and tho soil failed to produce a supply of provisions. Tho old church was too small : so, after due deliberation, it was determined to change location. A site was selected on the north-cast sujouf tho Lehigh river, where Veisioit now stands. Tho dwelling houses wero removed to this place, and a new church erected in 1751. Every thing went well until alter llraddock's de feat, in 17S5, when tho whole fiontier was thrown open to tho hostile Indians. On tho 24th of November tho missiou-houso was smrouuded by the h'ostilo Indians, thchouo was iiurned aim tl;e liiliuuiuiuts brutally murdered. In 17.1, Benjamin Franklin was sent hero with Ivoons to protect the set tlers. He erected H fort, which ho named Fort Allen in honor of tjencml Allen. A well, dug under Doctor Franklin's instruc tions lo supply the fort with water, cm still lie seen, altliough in u dilapidated condition. There nln inntiv ntlier liistnric.il t-ntniniscpnl ces in this vicmitv well worthy of notice, out tlie limits ot tins sketch Will notiiduw. Fiom 1757 to 1S15, when tho coal and hint- ber interests began tube developed, the edu cational interests were a blank. Iu 1775,tho Gilbert familv bottled on a farm near Mahoning creek, and alter live yours of prosjieruv aim Happiness, mey wero sur rounded lv tho Indians, cantuivd and car ried into captivity. Iu 17r.:i, a few cabins wcrb found scattered uloiv' iu tho secluded valleys of tho Lehigh. W iiU these excep tions tho whole county Was u dreary wilder ness. Uoal was discovered in I illl, anil m 171)2 n company was foimcd, called tho Le high Coal Mtilo Comiruiy, and opciicd a mine at the summit : but as there was no demand for thu coal, but littlo progress was made in mining until ISIS, wlieit tho Lehigh Navigation Company anil the Le high Coal Comiunv were formed. From this time forward mining interests wero rapidly developed. Capital was attraeteil hither, and largo profits wero returned on judicious lmestmcnts. Along with the mining lutercsisjiumbcrmgclaiiiieditssfitirc of attention. Lumber mid coal hail now be como staple productions i the demands for them wero rapidly increasing. Iu onler td supply tho increasing demand, exten-ivo iuiproenieuts becuiuu necessary, which re quired large numbers of miners, lumbermen, and various kinds of mechanics, book-keepers, clerks, anil common laborers) labor as wen as caiutal proved remunerative to theso hardy and industrious pioneers. Towns mid villages sprang up as ifby magic. Many dillereiit nationalities weto brought together here, and many of them illiterate. It eooir'liocaiiio evident to tho proprietors of the mines and lumber mills, that the thousands of childicn, who could neither work in the mines nor on the mills were growing up iu idleness with all its attendant vices, mu-t be educated, or those sources of wealth would become a cirsO, instead of u bUnsing, to society. In view of these facts schools were provided for somo of theso children. Tho results of these ex'ri luents proved so siii-cessftil, that, a few years later, a school housemid u nourishing school were found iu nearly every mining ntid lumbering village iu tlie coun'ly. Thu houses wero generally provided bv the land owners or the operators, and given free of rent for school use. The teachers obtained tho right to teach in theso homes from tho lcgitl doners of them, or from n couunittie wlio liuil them in charge. Tho teachers had t he entire couttol of the schools, and managed them to suit their own peculiar views, and for their services charged tuition fees, vary, ing from S1.50 to 2.50 jier quarter for each pupil. Many families connected with tho mining and lumbeiing business had left comfortable homes iu towns and citiiw, where ample inn ision was made for the education ami moral culture ol their child ren, and were willing to mako their homes with their families in these wild mountain fastnesses, ami iu the niid.t of dense, fororfs, surroundoU by wild lunists of pivv, rattle snakes, and poisonous malaria arising from the awjiniM of the forcls. Tiiey were will ing to submit to nil these inconveniences ; but to soo a generation of children growing up in ignorance, uiuuiey could not bear with indill'erence. Somo oi' thoin ootill send their children from homo to be odontited i but this would riot purifv tho social and moral atmosphere surrounding those home, which was moio dangerous than the venom of tho rattle-snake or tho lMisonous exhala tions from tho swamps. Thoy saw the only safety consisted in mividiug menus for the culture, not only otheir own children, but also for Ujose with whom their 6oci.il add business relations would bring them in fie quent contact. It is n source of much regret that no record was kept of those early and useful education al means. Tho first record wo have of a regularly organized school was nt Matich Chunk, in 1812, iu a log-homo owned by tho Lehigh Coal Mine Company. It was a subscription school, and only tho common English branches wero taught. Each pupil faitl a stipulated price, per quarter for tuition, n 17M, an English colony settled iu East lcnn, Mimo ot wnoso descendants are still living in tho district, says tho relator, "with their vrcjudieesogainst tho Germans intensi fied." lint being too few in number, and too poor to maintain a school of their own choice, and rofusiiic to cive aid to German or mixed seh'ools they wero entirely without s;noois until iw,wneii mev succeeded in establishing an entirely English school. good substantial stone-house was bjiilt near what is now called l'ennsville, and, a three mourns' term ot Lnglisli school taught by Lawrence) Enge, who was the first teacher iu tins place. IIo was succeeded bv the follow ing up to 1800: James Campbell, Andrew Cronican, James Wood, Godfrey Zuliek, Abraham Low, Calvin I3ertolette,and Oliver .MUSsclman. Jn lb20, tt board of school trustees was elected at a town meeting held at Summit Hill. It consisted of thrco mem- orbers, whoso duty it was to provide schools, minor Ecnooi-noiises, lor tne accommodation of those who wished to send their children to school, and pay the stipulated tuition fees, which wero fixed by tho teacher. The following is a certificate given by the teach er to a pupil : "This is to certify that the Hearer Hannah Andreas is head of her class by her coud Attention toiler Book and here by has gained tho good will of her Tutor, Andrew Cronican tho SOth of January, ip-i. After several ineffectual attempts at Sum mit Hill to rai.-o money by, voluntary sub scription to build a school-houso tho Lehigh Company then canio to their relief, built a house on their own ground, ami gave it to tho board of trustees to hold in trust for school pinjioses. It wasfurnislicilwith very plain furniture, long board benches anil deks, u rough board table for tho teacher, and an old stov! blackboards were not iu uo at that time. Georgo Adams was en gaged to teach tho school. The branches taught wero reading, writing, and arithme tic. Iu 18251 Echool wasoiiencdiu Mahon ing', on the old Gnaden Iiuetten ground, tho hoilso wosn log building, one story high, divided into two rooms, oho of which was used for school and the other for church purposes. Tho furniture coivdsted of slab benches anil rough I oard desks, with n tnblo of tho tamo material for the teacher. This school was kept open during tho winter season lor many years, mul many boys attended this school, who are now among tho prominent business men of tho coun ty. Tho pioierly was owned by tiie citizens of tho placb and held in trust ,for them by n board of trustees. A school was started at Ncsuuchoniiig in l3ll, on tho same plan as tlio one mentioned above, at Summit Hill. The branclv-s taught were siielling, redding, writing and arithmetic. Hio p.'ogiiiniiiie of exercises for each dAy were as follows: tour reading lessons, two spelling lesson and the icmaiuing of tho time was dcvolid to writing and doing the sums in iirilhnl'.'tic. The text-liooks used wero Comley's Primer and, spelling limit, Murray's Introduction anil English Header. Tho Ilihle was also Used as u text-book. Writing was all done with quill pens, which wero nil prcjiarcd by the toucher. This was Ijuito a task, esiecia'lly if lie chanced to have a dull knilo and it largo number of iens to mend. Uu visiting a bchool, it was not an unusual tiling to hear a half dozen urchins call out, "Muster, will you mend my nh7" The Master's ropy depended very ni'iich U on tho humor ho wasmatthc time, whether it would bo a pleasant yes, or sully grull', "I got no time." Iu the-o early days of Carbon county's schools, the musters did not, as a general thing.havo very st ronjj conscientious scruples agaiiistoorjior.il punishment. Iii conversa tion with mi old gentleman vho.-o Schoolboy days happened to bo about that time, lie remarked to me, "when I went lo school, there was plenty of whipping, littlo studying, and less teaching." From 1S25 to 1835 schools wero establish ed iu dillereiit section of the county on pretty much tho same plan. When it was thought necessary to start a school in a neighlMirliooil, a town meeting was called for by tho citizens, and three or five H'rsons selected for trustees, who held their olliccs during good behavior, under a sort of civil service reform jirinciji.il. As there wero no salaries or fees connected with tho office, jiolilicians never interfered. Tho duty of theso trustees was to raise money by volun tary subscription or contribution", select and jiu.vhaso site, suiieriiiteiid the erection of school-houses, ami hold them iu trust for school uses. As it was a dilllcult mutter to raise a largo amount of money iu this way for such punuscs, (tlio burden generally had to bo boruo by u few jiersons,) the strictest economy had to be exercised, and sites selec ted where they could bo had for tho least money, without considering the convenience or adajitability of them for their intended ly chosen and out-of-the-way places, nard bv a public hiirhwav or inion Mime u-n.tu ' INK ground that -could not bo umhI for farming, and made no suitable play-ground. Thu trustee did not biro tiie teachers. All a person hail to do who wished to become a teacher was to get jiermissiou from tlio trus tees to use the house, and writo a sub M'ri4iou heading, if ho was able to do it ; if not, he could easily find some Vjuiio who would do it for him according to form. This being done, ho had only to fix his rate of tuition, which was from one dollar and fifty cents to twoilollarsand filly ecnlsjiorquartcr, (three mouths or seventy-two davs,) and secure tho names of n suliieieiit number of children. Of course, tho lirgcr tho number the better it jaiid j butasa liiiiiucjal venture, the ii,-l.s weie not so great as some might imagine. In those day s teachers needed but little, as they generally boarded round. Theie were no high board bills to bo met at tho end of the month. Jf there chanced to be n tavern orgrooery store within reason able distance, they were kejit, of course, by good-natured fellows, who would trust to sell to tho matter Ida drinks on "tick" for a month, or evi ri for a quarter, knowing that the llr.t money oil looted would be used In wiping out the oM soorc, so that his credit should remain iinjinjuired when he wished to stm t anew. The children of iioorpawiiU, who wi re unable tojisv lu.tion f..r tlieir oiiil dreu wton tent to school, whicjj who very seldom, wero enrolled as paupers, and their tuition collected from the county treasurer. In 1827, a school was ojiened in Mauch Chunk, by Mrs. Landers, ol New Jersey jind another, in tho same year, by Mrs. Tcejile, t j- - .... . writing, wero the only brandies taught in lkiwnu.lin..l. Tl.n ri,-!li,M . in ncr own nousc. spelling, reading, nnd these schools. hools. The furniture was of n very loonier, consisting of slab benches 1. n ,..i.i 4i . .1.- it .. tin in it 1 v and desks, all told. About the samo time, a school was oiened by n gentleman named Hunter, in a building owned by the Lehigh cumjiany. Mr. Hunter taught all tho com mon English brunches, and tho higher mathematics, jiarticularly, land surveying. Tuition fees were, $2.50 jier quarter. "Tins school was kejit in ojicratiun until 182U,wheii the board of trustees obtuined jiossession of nn old slab-house, near tho ujijicr end of tho town, which was lilted up unit uirmsiied witli slab furniture, after tho rustic order of architecture, with no blackboards, wall majis, mottoes, or any other ornaments to decorate the rough, gloomy walls, and cheer tho n'tlnds of the jmjiils. James Nowlius, n native of Ireland, was tlio fortunate master who secured the honored privileiro to teach Jirst in the new school-house. Ho was a T.....nn.n.. nni..ni:i..... .ii.i n-i.!. sciiooi, wiui its teaciier, became lamous as tho "Alma Mater" of n largo number of the prominent men of the State, among whom oro tlio Hon. John Leisenring, Itobeit Sayre, of tho Lchieh Valley railroads S. Roberts. oi mo .n oi in renn railroad; A. Leisenring, cashier' First National Hank of Maneh Chunk j It. Q. Butler, Esq., a prominent puuuc sjnrucu scnooi man, ami oeeiciary oi the Mauch Chunk school boaid. and ltotner- mcl, Pennsylvania's ercat urtist and author ot tne great Uettysburg painting. It was n mixed school, comjxised of male and female pupils, numbciing over n hundred, many of whom cniiic quito n distance, thinking It nuilo a privilege to bo jiermltted to sit under mo leacmiigs ot so great a master. All tho Common English branches, and 601110 of tlio higher wero tiiupht. Ho would nllnw im dull scholars to remain in school. When lie chanced to get hold of such an unfortunate one, lio would tell him at once, "What God has denied you, I cannot irivo vou : take your books, and go home." Tho chief in strument for inflicting punishment, was a short hickory club, with leather thongs fastened to one end, which tlio irofcssor alli ed his "taws." Tho relator of this, wiio was oncofthoso fortunate jiujiil", savs, "while telling this, l'tiy back itches, and the hairs on my lieud bristle uji Jiko n jiorcupine s quills, while Iho ghost of Jimmy Nowlins, with his "taws" in hand, seem to rise up bo- loioinc." So deep and lasting wero thu f in jiieioiis made on tho minds (or, perhaps, rather on tho backs) of his jiujiils, that after 11 linn ecnlurv lias passed nw.-iv. mm nlmnf everything else of tho-o early days has Jiass- ed hitu oblivion, they remain as fresh and vivid in tho mind aslfthev wero of but yesierdjy'a occurrence. This school was kejilni siicccsslul ojieration until tlio ndop tiou of tho public school system, iu 1835. At this time the schools, Ceucrallv, were in a jKHir condition. Tho houses weio small, and nearly all ot logs, very, simple in con struction. The logs wero hewn on two sides, notched nt the ends, and then laid up with tho notched ends restimr crosswise upon each otheiynnd tho chinks filled with short iieces of wood, and roughly plastered with ciav mortar. The ceilings wero low, and made of u ii planed endings laid ujxm roughly hewn joists. Light was admitted, trenerallv. through three small windows ot six or eight U..I..J I. ..:.ll.. l... !.. ..r . iiiis, i-acu, i-iiib uy leu luetics ill size. Benches and desks wero made from slabs resting ujion four or six legs, tho number iiepeniiiii'' on tne lenit i. jo bl.icun.inls mini lied the rudo wallsuf theso ancient halls ol lure. The heating apparatus consisted of some old cast-on wood-burning stove, pur chased from Iho scraj) jiilo of somo iron monger. Tlio wood was purchased by Iho teaciier, and an extra charge added ui tlio tuition fees for it. Somo ot the larger bovs were detailed each day to cut wood fortfie next siieoocdsiig day. Tho houses were either deficient ill smoko lilies, or altogether without them l hence, thu stove-pipe had to answer a double purjiose. In order to save pipe, it was usually made to pass through tho ceiling, (lolt floor,) whcio tho smoko was left to find its way out throuih tlio chinks. or be forced down into tho school-room. At beet, these flues wero often defective, caus- a j.Mir draft, and tho wood green, iu con sequence of which, the school-mom was liequeiilly hlled with smoke, to tho great annoyance of teacher and pupils. Tlio neighbors would sometimes take advantaze of this by getting tile teachers to smoke tlieir jurk and beef for them in the school-house. Tho early settlers of East lVnn and Towa meii'ing were with few exceptions, Germans or their descendants, and of the Lutheran and Ilcfornicil leligious jiersuasions j and, us was tlieir custom iu those days, they built a house ill connection with each church, for the ue of the organist or choir leader. One room iu each of those houses was lilted. up for a school-room, and the organist, no mat ter how limited his education might bu in other branches, was cousideied the school master. These wero called "Church Schools," and wero almost entirely confined to teach ing inn German language, reading and writ ing. The books used wero a primer, jisalter, new testament and catechism. In 18.'l4,when the Five School act was jiassod by tho Legis lature, there were twenty-eight schools with in the limits of what is now called Carbon county. Many of jhu teachers cmjiloycd wero jioorly qualified to teach. In tho rural districts, the schools wero kejit open only three or four mouths in n year, mid that in the winter when it was imj.vwible for small children to get to school. It was thought suliieieiit for girls to bo able to rend Iho jisilter and cubvhism. As soon as that was attained they wero kept homo to spin an! sew during winter, anil to woik on tho farm during tiie summer. After the adoption of the free school sys tem, which, be it said to the credit of iho jwople, was soon oftr'r tho passage, of tho act by the Legislature,' tho old schooi-hous which wero suitably located and miisideml es dejiendisl very much llien.usnmv, uiion the boanlsnf dirt-i tors iu the vurious districts. The sjum-ly settled and rugged, mountain ous surface of the county, nude it very ilillieult to locate schools' so that, witli a reasonable number, all could be convenient ly p'csmimrslatwl. It rHquireslJudnient,as well nerve, on ine jiart oi tne irleuds ol liU wif.f ' ., . . i . .. .. it loriije wereobiauiul by ti.e directors ot J jileof C.irl.in rmnty owe a debt ofJasSiii" the public schools as gif.s from l ie jwojile or gratitude to such men as It. O. B-itler. Oen by purchase, 1 ngrts, miller the new sys- j ,ln I). Bertolette, Fi.her Huaird. l)r N II tern, was verv slow. It was ft new de.airturo Itebcr, Jud,v Arner, Charles .Mii-udsen, J. on which public opinion was divided. Sue- .T l,-..n,nr.., P...1 i... i... T..7. . ' This was, however, confined chiefly to tho agricultural Tortious of tho county. " One of the first public school-houses that is lo bo met witli in tho Slate, ontsido of Philadel phia, is found at Mauch Chunk. Her schools oiuiiulli tfJ'JJ ft JitHUJ til i Carion Cbitiiiw.) " Tho lieople of Mauch I Cl,..l. l. I ,.'.' i . are well managed." Ilupp's llMory I Chunk pre remarkable for their indusl 1 enteijinr", intelligence, and hojpitalitv. i i Tn.i ...it.. - ? . .... ... J. splendid edifice elected at Munch Chunk, fl Cublic school puijHiscs, will via wilh anv uildingof the kind in the State." (Histori cal Collections of lnnv(tcmia.) Ill , tlio miningand lumbering port ions of the county the free system of schools grew rapidly into public favor. In 1843, when the county was organized, all the towiishijis within itslimils had odujited it, nnd had schools in active ojieration. In 1 81J, there we're llircc schools in oiicratlon at tho mines mi Summit Hill Nesquehoning, Itockimrt, Beaver Meadow mid Weatherly, all had flourishing schools. The sjiint of progress seems to have caught low ii;t-, ami ijeg.ui to snow signs ot educa tional life iiithoagriciilturaldistricts, which aro always slow to move. Friends of the cause wero elected for directors. The towii shijis wero divided into sub-districts. Old .n ...es were re-modeled, and now ones built uncie it was deemed necessaiy. A3 the imputation increased, new sub-districts wero created, anil new and improved houses erect ed, to meet tho crowlnz demands of the schools. Tho first tri-cnnial convention of directors met in Mauch Ch,unk, on tlio first .'iimuuy ill uillie, 1031, a'ldeiectcil J. II. Siewers, a gentleman of culture and exjieri enco in teaceing.to tlieofficoof county suiier intendent. Mr. Siewers was a warm friend ot the public school svtlem. nu.l l,v I.;- domitablo energy- during his term "of office, vuiieu i earn,; am mucii 10 brcait down what ever prejudice existed against it, by isiting schools, giving advice to teachers, holding public meetings, and addressing tlio people on the imjKirtanco of mora liberal means for the education of Iheyoung. "Wemust havo better houses anil better teachers, if we ex lied to receive all tho bcncfltsjcontcmplalcd by tho law." At Iho expiration of the first i neu years oi mo county sujierinteudency the number of free sehoolshad increased Troin fifty-six to sixty-live, un increase of sixteen per centum for tho term. Tim houses -..r greatly iinjirovcit, and the schools moro effi cient in every resjiect. Mr. Siewers was succeeded, in 1857, by .Thomas L. Foster, attainments, (a lawyer by profession). Mr. ."".., i. Ke,oii-iiiuii 01 excellent nremrv i-o-ier iiem mo oineo lor two successive icniis. ino schools continued to imjirovo under his sujiervision. Hogavc more atten tion to iiiijiiovcment in houses, ventilation, furniture, methods of instruct). classification of schools. Mr. Foster, ofler six yens service iu the ollice, retired with the kindly feelimrs and rood wishes ofi,.-icl,. crs and directors ucconiPanviii? ln'm. ir was succeeded, in 1803, by' thu present in cumbent, It. F. Hollbul. Tho number of scnuois nan increased lrom sixty-five to ninety-six, but up to this time no attention had been civeu to LM-adiin. nnv of n.. Mr. Foster, iu, his lust annual rejxirt, savs i "lliere are no graded schools in tlio county. The nearest ajijiiuach to it is in tho towns and villages. Wlicro two or moro schools are required near each other, some, ellbrt is made by directors to distribute the jiujiils among tho schools acconling to their ad vancement, but a regular svstem aliens mid graduations from a lower too nigner school has not been adojited. Ad missions and iidviiir.,.i,i(.,iid ...o.i i... orders trout Iho secretaries, and uj.ni lecom inendation from tho teachers. This system is adojited in Munch Chunk borough, part of E.i-t Munch Chunk, at Summit Hill, :esquohoning,Wcalheilv,aiid Ik-aver Mead ow. Tho other schools uro neither graded, ..v.., in iiiu iiiiNUTii sense, ciassnied." District institutes were held in nil il, .11.. tnets whero it was practicable. Up to this time no effort had been iiuulo to organizo a county institute. In the fall of 1804, a cull was issued by the county sujieriutondent to tho teachers, directors nnd oilier f, i,..I. f ei iication to meet in convention at Mauch Chunk, to adopt measures to secure a better co-njieratioii ot the educational forces of tho county, which resulted in tlio jiermaneiif organization of n ' county teachers's insti tute," having for its object (ho moral and intellectual culture of its incmlipra. nml tl.n general advancement of tho educational in terests oi the county. It has continued to grow in favor with both teachers and direc tors, and lias done much towards elevating the teacher's proles. ion nml in nr-tmnti,,.. tho cause of jaijinlaruliicsitioii. Among the noticeable signs of educational progress, may he mentioned : 1st. Iinjiroveintnt in sohool lioiises, furniture and school-grounds. Iu 1S1I3 thero wero only two first-class school houses iu tliocotllltv one at Munch CI L- and nno at Hockport. Now we have two in -Mauch Chunk, ono at Summit Hill.onoat Weatherlv. one at East Munch rhimlr.nn. at l'arrj-vilie, ouo at Veissjsirt, and one at Lehightoii. Packcrton independent dis trict lias an excellent new brick school house, received as a jinvent from Honorable Asa Packer; all liirnislied with improved luteut fuiiiituiv. There aro also a mimlier oi very gmni iiouhs, well furnished, in soino of tho agiieultur.il distrieU. 2nd. Tlio sciioois, in mi tlio districts whero it is jirac ticable, are graded. Mauch Chunk lias an excellent hi ;h school, witli Professor llarbi-r a riiicijul. Mauch I 'hunk townslnji has u central hig.i schil, which is mei-liiig with much favor. Many school-rooms hae been ndurunl with maps, charts, globe, motu-s, diction iries, etc., to iihl tca.-hei-s mid pujiils in their work. 3rd. ll'g'ier culturu in teachers, with imjirovcd niethoils of instruc tion. LitU-Hllirc. lilll'le anil ,lrmvimr nr.. lN'giiiuing to reivivo considerable attcTition in solus of thu schools, judico may have exist hools. Whatoer of. pre existed in tlio mi"ils of men in relcr-nco to the fnw school sv-tem. I, i.,. .i. ...... n. ..i i .. .i... ! . . t . . y ... .' havo been liKlled by tli im-sistable tidal wave of iiiiht anil kium-UI ... it..,. ;,,., c. the groat ilue school svslum ,.s its fountain toane. This brief mid imjiorfoct ski , if I failed to A lillmm. Schneider and James Anthony, for tlio un tiring zeal in laboring for the good of the Public schools. While Iho jiublio schoolo havo hail such a grand ni.ircli of jmignss, private ell'orts waro made.ut dillereiit tims, to establish schools, but have pot succeeded ill making them jierniaiient. jn 1KS2, n cf.lf n.it,ui,i. ...n. - I r.. ..... ?f6trtinga school. Tho stock was to(d, a I ... i-iiiouii wir iiiu mimosa purclasod and neatly fitbvl up for !cb would be still more so. if f r.iil.ut !,. .u- ,)... school uses, (rork Seminary,) and a lady of high literary attainments and exjicricnco in teaching employed to take charge of it. It flourished for a short timejuid then closed its career for want of patronage. Several oilier efforts, of a similar kind, wero made at Maucli Chunk, but all failed. A parochial school was ojiencil in connection with tho Eiitcopal church, which ii still kept crpen, although not in a veryjirosjiernus condition. Another was ojiencsl, in connection with tho Catholic church, in East Mauch Chunk", which is well patronized. In 1853, a stock comjiany was formed ot Wcissjiort) under tho title of " Carbon 'Academy and Nmmal School Association." A h'use was jmrrTinPOd and remodeled into on clcgont school-Jiouse, with costlv furniture. Professor MieVh'nrf'. n. gentleman of culture and exjieri'etieo in leaching, was hired to take charge of it. Ho was paid a monthlv salarv which, with dm other current cxpen-vs, was lo be paid from tho tuition fees, which was charged and collected from each Pilpil; tlio balance of tuition wus,;o be divided among the stock hold crs in tiie shape of dividends. After, a seemingly jiiosncrous career of two years, on iuvestitration of the finances of the company showed no surplus on' hand to bo divided, but a debt of somo hundreds of dollars to bo provided for. Prof. Eberhart resigned, and Pliny Porter, a man of only ordinary attain ments, succeeded him. Under his manage ment, tho school was continued another year, and was then sold nt public auction for tlio debts. II. F. llolllnil chaser. Tho house was refitted, and school ojiened May 1, 1807, wills, ten jiujiils. It gradually gained in. favor with the W-o'plc, iiud its jiatronago .rajiidly increased. An additional teacher was cm j)lo oil. In 1802 tlio building was destroyed by'tho freshet jn tho Lehigh river, and rebuilt the same year in Lehightoii. In lli7, the Into A. 8. Chris tine became- proprietor, lie was n evntlemnn of stijierjor abilities, and the school continued us juosjieroiis and uselul career until Juno 1808, when, to the reirret of its nnlronn nml educators iu general through the county, it was closed by tho death of Prof. Christine. Several attempts have since been made to re-establish it, but nil failed. There aro no academies nr nnv nllo-,- schools, and never have been, iu tho county, that received State did. For much of tho abovo information I nm under obligations to tho following gentlo men: Major .ltobcrt Klotz, Ii. Q. Butler, Thomas Keinerer, Lewis Huney, Henry Buyer and diaries Ninison, Esquires. lAItA(JKAlilib. Syracuse. N. Y.. has a stnne'niln tvlit. kcejis away all tramjis. Acconling to vital statistics for the venr 1877, 2t!,Hl4 jieisonsdied in tlio city of New York. 211.152 died durimr 1870. Tho HarrisburcTeleernnb mn.ii lt'.,.i d, grave of.tho late Governor Gean- is tlio most ti.'.'tnf'f i-.l .tint ! It. a I..- ! .1... . .... t," --.. ... ni Loiicti;! j UIUI City, Tho old count viail nt .Ine!-.ot.villo vi is being reiuired, mid will bo used m n,V arsenal fur the military organizations of that State. Tho worst managed financial concern thus far is tho Miners' Trust Comjuiny,-of Pottsville, Pa. Ono cent.un tlio dollar is all that is lelt. Miss Jennie Collins, of Boston, is M. ting up a fair, the proceeds of which will constitute a fund for giving dinners to work- iog gins wuo are out oi employment this winter. The suspended Jersey f!ltv Rnvln Bank, it is now stated, will jirobably be able to pay its dejwsitors iu full. The receiver already has enough cash on hand to pay CO jier cent. Tlio commissioners appointed lo' ,r. amine tho condition of tho Newark Savings Institution rejiort that it can pay at least 72 jier cent to dejwsitors, and tlio assets may realize more. A blind Italian betrrmr bronchi .,,11 l can i-i.int.iseii conn several nays ago to re cover $100, and during tho trial it canio out that tho jilalntifl'had !?lt)00 to his credit in a savings bank. A swarm of bee3 were recently discover ed under tlio cacs of tho Congregational Church in Bosoawen,' N. II., and with 69 jKiiiinis oi noiiey ijinen n-oni their hiding jilaco n festival was held which brought tho church a largo sum. One of tho largest shoe firms in Boston has just concluded an arrangement with tho Pel uvian Government to furnish 35,000 i.iir of men's shoes. They had previously filled an order for tho tamo Government for 10, 000 juirs of shoes. ' Tho jieojile ofBranfonl,Conn.,nreoing to jK-titiun tlio Legislature to prohibit tho carrying away of oysters from the beds thero to stock jirivute grounds, on the plea that it deprives them ol a largo jiart of their neces sary food mjijily. Steamboat navigation of the Suwanca river, Flu., has been resumed after a long suspension. This is ono of tho bodies of water that would be ultilized in tho con struction or tho jirojiosed Atlantic and Gulf shipcuiul, and tlio extent of its navlnl,! cajiaeily is an interesting question. In addition to the uso of the telephone for military jmriioses in Germany, these in- 'r" Is havo been provided for telegraph ojK-raU.rs at ten jirineijnl towns, and many inoru uro Iviug constructed. They uro also in us.- between the olliccs of the Postmaster Gen-ral and the Director of Tclcgrajilu and of other high jiublio oilieials. ExjieritnenU on n large scilo between France and Ger many nro also being curried on. The United States Government receives licen3 fees from ouu wholesale liquor estab-Iii.liiii.-nt, two. breweries and 13 saloons In Verin uit, nnd yet tho State officials rannit find one of these ilaeos. U iljirojiosediiitho next L.'gi.lalure to make the jiavment of a liiviisn to tho General Government or the r-ivqii. Ihumfor jin'imiK-ic evidence ortho iiuiiiilucttiro or the solo of liquor. Such, a law nniild haveinerouseil Vermout'breveuuo tho last your if 20,000. One of the uj-towu jiolice stations in New i oi k, is, aeooMing ti tha TciJiihc, the hnndquarters of a hand of by j-liivmen, i-oiisistingofa eojitain, two sergeauts, and half a doseu jutrolnu-n. The luds aro uli under tifleen years of ago onil rejurt nt tho station j.roiiiji-lyatli P.M.,evory day. They aro furnished with n list of untenanted , which they VHltiitnlghtand Insjiect with gmit oare, to see that they are not dis turbed hy bureilars. During 'the jmst year no less than three burglars have been caught AIL imil..f a.1 iIim.i.i. ,1... .j-..'T, ., an, iwuviclcd through the edbru of Uvu Iwys,
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