xtbanint '7M P/MOIMATTIT TIMM - PM (MAUI TO LEAD, WIT °EASY TO FOLLOW. WM. N. BRESLIN, Editor and Proprietor. LEBANON, PA. WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 1861 Special Congressional Elect ion. GREAT DEMOCRATIC VICTORY The speCial election held on Tues day of last week, in the Second Dis trict of Philadelphia, for a member of Congress to succeed the lion. E. Joy Morris, resulted in the' choice 'Of Col. CHARLES J. -13ibikt, the Deilic). cratic 'eantlidate,'by The gratifying 'majority'bf UR A tAB, 'over` CHARLES o'.NE.n,L,'Esq., the RepubliVan candi date. following' is a - recapitula than 'of the vote of 'ale several Wards composing the District : Wards. If i ddje. Fifth Ward, 546 Bixah " 793 Eighth " 949 Ninth " 835 'Tenth " 814 3937 3604 'Biddlee majority, The election of Col. Biddle is more than an ordinary partisan victory. - -1-- It is the 'testimony of , the people of a Dietridt . tliatifiesq•arely, if ever, sent a Democrat to dongregs, to their pref erence for the patriottstr that proves 'itself br'acts Over tlitit'whieh express 'es itself' tfttly in vtratils. This election is also a sign'al 'rebuke df •the bitter spirit of partisanship which was ei. Whited by the Republican wire pull. 'era of the District. Contrary to the earnest desire of a number of the best citizens, that a candidate should be nominated irrespective of party con siderations; -and in spite of tho loud titelate,tions of bli can '1 eltElets in 'Philadelphia and elsewhere that there ouglit'to I, no patty now" 'but the 7party r thilt-gous•fer the 'Union, they called a Convention, and netninated Mr. O'Neill, upon political considera. tionsalone. And after the Democrats had selected Col. Biddle as their can 'ilidate, without his knowledge or de sire, they continued to show the ma lignity of their partisan 'feelings by assailing his political character, and basely insinuating that because be -had supported Mr. Breckinridge at 'the last election, his loyalty to the "Union 'Wu questionable 1 Bu t the at 'tempt lb revive an old feud in the todthtiertitin ranks, and to prejudice the minds of the peOple against a gallant soldier whose character and abilities were above dispute, failed most ignominiously. The voters of 'the District have made their choice, tointibinteed 'by the efforts of party 'hacks 'to 'keep - elieha in the 'traces; and they have effeettidiry p'a't their seal of condeirmattod do the coward :l37 Mean - nets of those whO have been 'doing 'their utmost to make the pub. lie believe that Breckinridge Demo crats are in league and sympathy with secessionists. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Mr. Lincoln wrote his own message. its , paternity is unmistakable. No - other Man brit tht 'author Of those re- Inarktible speeches delivered on the *ay to Washington, i;ould haVe writ ten this remarkable Message. It contains but a single recommen• dation—that the contest be made a short one by placing at the control of Government 400,000 men and 400,- 000,000 of dollars. Upon one point and one point only the message gives us additional light. The evacuation of Fort Sumpter was at the time determined up'en, provid led Port Piekens could be previously reinforced. Fort Pickens was not re- Thforeed through the failure of the officer in command of the Sabine to land the troops, and hence the at tempt to provision the starving gar rison in Sumpter. It was resolved to inform the Governor of South Caro lina, that such an attempt would be 'made, but whether the infofinatinn Was ever communicated is not stated. if it was, perhaps Mr. Ilarvey, the Minister to Portugal, was the man selected to perform that service. The Union derives no additional strength from Mr. Lincoln's argu ments. A good cause is often dareag . ,- ed by a bad itdirceate : It is not worth while to discuss the many pdlpable,if anything sO Obscure can be called pal• pable, absurdities in this part of the message, but the declaration that "the Union is older , than any of the States, and in fact it created them as States," may be instanced as the fal. lacious basis of an unsound super structure. The ratification of the Constitution by conventions of the States created the Union. It was the work of the States and of the people thereof. Had Pennsylvania refused to ratify the Constitution she would not have become part of the Union. The Union was created by the States, and not the States by the Union.-- The last clause of the original Consti tation declares that "the ratifications of the convoutions of nine States *hall be suniolent for the establish. ment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same," evident ly implying that if other States re fused to ratify, the Constitution would not be binding upon them. It, was wholly unnecessary for the President to advance his untenable theory in order to combaCadOedsiciii. The Constitution rade the States members of a compact nation from which they have no power .to with draw at pleasure.—Patriot and Union. gam_ We have of late years been frequently in the city of Philadelphia, , and in consequence believe oar obser vations as reliable, if. not more Wo, than those of people wWo get 'down only semi-oceasibrally or those.wlio constantly 'reeide 'in 'the 'City, We were' thae again last 'Week,' and be : - fu)ty coriVinee'd that the desired - "CHANGE" spoken of by theßepub lidanpartyliefore the last fall's' elect •tiOn, has been alreadyfally and effec tually brolight about. It; is scarcely, possible to place yourself in any.posi• tion in the city but closed doors :and shutters, and notices "to let" stare you in the face in numbers. It is no un• usual circumstance to meet whole blocks of buildings--,:-Particularly stores—with nearly every one of then) closed. And many not closed .are !;placarded, as selling, if Wholesale here. tofore,."by retail," and if retail here ' tefefe,'"eAling off at Cost. With the exceptitebf trade in the iriathe'ditite necessaries' of life, or in filling orders and prepirint material 'fdi govern meat and'the war,'"a 'de'ailly languor pervades dvery department Of 'busi ness. Whore boxes, and bales, and casks, .and life, spirit and activity lietetiiibre met the gaze, dullness and 'quietness now 'reign 'Bllprerne. The, goods are neatty and cbirdfutly _stowed away, orcovered up, and the sihleshn : are sitting by dozing, smoking, talk ing or reading. This is a "change"— a sorrowful change. The recruiting business also is flourishing—can't help 'it where thoueands of men . are daily discharged from employment. They must enlist or starve. 0' e'l . 383 513 700 890 1,208 3694 LATE NEWS FROM GEN. PAT TERSON'S ARMY. BALTIMORE, July B.:21 letthrto the American from Martinsburg, dated Saturday, announces the aeilt;al of Doubleday's and the Rhode Island batteries. It also states tliat Patterson's en tire army is encamped in and around nsburg,a wai ti reinfeircements, and!that no forward moverttents 'had taken place. Gcn. Johnson had bebtr ► idinfdroi3d by 9,000 men from Manaasas, and'had taken a stand for a fight at flankei Hill, seven miles distant, with 16,000 troops. A large number of troops passed through Baltimore, yesterday and last nigirt, l to - strengthen Patterson% column. The regiments that passed through h'e're yesterday morning expected to cross the Potomac, at Williamsport, this morning. FROM WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, July B.—Lieut.Gen'l Scott and his Staff, will visit the troops on tho Virginia side this after noon. There is no forward movement to report yet, but at noon to-day there wore thirty-four .regiments on the other side of the river, all ready to march at one hour's notice. Threo hundred horses, for the army transportation .service, arrived here this morning. Seven hundred more are expected this week. Eighty Regiments have reported here since the Presidout's first procla. !nation. The Second Rhode Island Battery of Artillery leaves here to-day; their destination is unknown.. All the houses of bad repute here were under a guard of soldiers, last night. But one of them was burned, nevertheless, making the fourth With - - in two days. It is proposed to modify that piles: ent tariff in such a way that it is sup. posed it will yield $100,000,000 annu ally. It is the impreasian here that ReP resentatives Carlile and Van Winkle will be elected U. S. Senators from Virginia, by.the Legislature now in session at Wheeling. An Arkansas paper names Jeff. Da vis and Albert Pike for President and Vice President of the C. S. A. HAIRIUSBURG i July B.—At thti ie quest of General Scott, and Under ortleit trOm Governoi bUrtin, the two Regifilenta of Pennsylvania Re serve volunteei.s, and C. Charles J. and Col. Simmons, Mat:chat yesterday, from Bedford td bizi4ibef. land, Dld. , whei'e they to join ii portion of Geh. McClellan's army. THE ADVANCE It now appears that the general advance in the direction of Richmond has commenced along the entire line, from the northern side, while General Butler's forces in the vicinity of For tress Monroe are gradually closing up in the other direction. It is not thought that General Johnson will ven tare the chances of a collision With General Patterson's superior force, partially surrounded as he is by the army of General McClellan, but will fall back, to 'Winchester and Manas sas Juncticlii, en route for Ritihmond, anti hmicts tin battle may take plate in that direction. It may_ be, also, theft thebnion troops advanting from Alexandria and Arlington Heights to wards Fairfax and Manaseas May find the rebels retreating before them, so that until the army of the govern ment reaches the vicinity of Rich mond—the rebel capital—the fight ing may possibly be confined to ant post skirmishes and the dislodgement of masked batteries. However, now that the advance of this immense army has fairly commenced,nolength °nod period can elapse before a 'geri eral, and it is to be hoped, decisive engagement occurs. A BLUNDER.—Last week, as a regi ment of the rebels: was ittitali'aink, from Fairfax C. H., ono of . their . own. regiments mistook them for Federal troops, and fired on them killingoight of them. . mg- Major T. W.' Sherman has b6en . relieved froth the dOM:di and Of the t batteries' bf the ~ MiVitary department 'of 'Washington, •and ordered ter . repair to Harrisburg, Pa, to raise . the new artillery regiment (12 batterie) au thorized by the President. Battle between Gen. Patferson's,Forees and the _Rebels under Gen ; JaeAlpn. One of the"iiiciat iMpertant'opisbdes 'in the liiStory'nf the; war; so far; has been the itetro'n 'in `the vicinity of Martin sibitig,':b 'rtesday' Morning, of laSt, • bet Ween the 'division of Ge'Oet+al . Pkitterson,'whioli 'had 'previz „ . [Misty creSsed — the' Potomac' 'at ' Wil ' I i ainspOrt, 'anti the rebel forces' under General Jaeliseil,'which 'reaillted in the defeat and ilight'•'of, the latter;` leaving their Camp at' 'Black,. river, 'near ;MartilfslAtig, in the :hands of -General •-PAttef - abn's troops. It ap pears that on Vanday the whOledivi. Sion, with.the efa s eption Of 'the Con. neeticut regimetit was concentrated . 'on the 'Potomaciiet*Con 'Williams *port and Sliarpshag, Und it Was' in-, tended that they should- haVe arrived on that morning ea:fly at two points —the First udder General 'Cadwalk. ' der, at Williarn:sPOrt,'and the Second, under General .11.eilh, in the vicinity of Mercersville and ljatn'TiO. 4-but,' by 80 11l C 1110 8: L extra:civil ttl:7'y oversight in . 'the examination the general ;.had ordered ;to be itAin t by the officer, it Was foil - tar that them `Cr was not fbrilable Tar - . .the 'army - at the latter point as'reporte l d, 'antl con. sequently the movement was arrested and the whole army concentrated f in the tniigh horhood of Williams Port, wheiT i theyertissed into Virginia at six o'cldet 'on Tuesday morning.: Ad vancing towards Martinsburg they met Jackson, comprising a force of five 'infantry and cavalry regiments, with IlJtir pieceS of cannon. The first stand tva's made at • the farm of Por-; terfield, situated on the common road, near littynesvilie, where the rebles of fered a firm resistance to the advance column of the Union army • , but they were ultimately driven back,leaving the 'field scattered over with•knap sacks, 'canteens . and blankets, giving evidence of a hasty retreat. Their loss of course has not been definitely -. ascertained, but otir kora IYh; - - killed and ten Wiiftfiddd. WAsuititrroN;JulY s.—lnformation Was received here, yesterday, from . MaitinSbnrg, that Gen. Patterson en 'tered And passed thretigh that place In the morning, in hot tfirdifit 'of TM:3 'enemy. The rebel's force which Genii Pat terson scattered when he crossed the 'river, hist sixty 'killed and had many more - weiinded. It rallied yesterday and presented a front, but again re treated to a distance of seven or eight miles where they have .been rein forced. EDITORIAL SUMMARY Col. Straub, of Schuylkill county, died in Washington, about three weeks ago.---The President has recognized the validity of the pro ceedings of the Wheeling Convention, by send lag an official notice to Governor Pierpont of the number of Congressmen to which the State is entitled under the new apportionmett.—The Administration has commissioned Jim Lane, of Kansas, a Brigadier General, and the notorious outlaw, Montgomery, is appointed "Colonel. Is there such a. scarcity of decent men in the coun try that it is necessary to select officers from emong thieves, vagabonds and murderers?— Frederick A. Guion was recently arrested in New York by the Superintendent of Police for circu lating it petition to the President of the United States, requesting him to favor the calling 'at a Convention of all the States, to ef fect, if possible, a settlement of our national dif ficulties without bloodshed.---Noah L. Farn ham, who has just been promoted to the place of the late Col. Ellsworth, and who formerly had the office of Lieutenant Colonel of the New York Fire Zuuaves, is an old citizen :ttf Schuylkill county.—Eight or ten Regiments of soldiers— New York and Massachusetts—passed over the Lebanon Valley road last week. They were all well supplied with everything necessary for :mare service. -5,21:1111 tons of coat were shipped 'Over the Lebanon Valley road last week,—'Mr. Hen ry Ramlsr has taken the Black Horse hotel, in this borough, lately occupied by Col. Lantz.— H. 11. Lantz, of this place, started fur West Chester, on Tuesday, to join his father's compa ny, the Iron Artillerists. Ile will make a. good soldich.=--The barn of Mi. John Miller, in East Hanover, was destroyed by fire two 'weeks ago. It was insured in the Lebanon Insiiraiseis born pany for $1500.--The Sultan of Turkey died on the 23th ult., and was succeeded by hie broth- er, Abdul- Agis•Khan.—A terrible conflagra Lion recently occurred in London, deitroying Property valued at Mar 14,000,000.--z . -The ffing ilotis of Italy hriii beat formally recognized by. France.--A ZOCIAVO was found murdered in front of two houses of evil reputation, in Wash ington, on Saturday. In consequence, a few hours after, seieral-iottaves uud Others went to the tenements abevo mentioned, and entering, broke up and destroyed the furniture, drove the inmates forth, set fire to the biiihfinis, tinti by their conduct prevented the fire companies from extinguishing the flames, and the houses were entirelY consumed, with all their contents.- obl:renter Curtin has appointed Glenui Vir. Sco field, of Warren county, President Judge of the Eighteenth District to fill the vacancy occasion ed by the resignation of John S. McCalmont, Esq., who is now Colonel of a regimen t.—The United States troops are being. rapidly thrown across the Potomac, at Viraibietton into Virginia. —A man nettled Henry Welsh had both his arms blown off, at Harrisburg, on the 4th, by the premature digharge of a cannon while loading. to fire a ealniti;-:--A gentlemen whose wife has been in a distant State for a while past, and ex !meta to be absent about two months yet, Bays he thinks he will try to get a discount at bank for Sixty days, to make the time pass more rapidly. Those who have had 'discounts' will see the force of his reasoning at once.—The neigedelt of Har risburg and the interior of the state are' ranking arrangements to have a grand celebration in that city on the let of August. Than become embold ened-bj`the present war, which they are taught' to regard as a war for the extinction of slavery. CONGRESS The XXXVIIth Congress- met in extra session on Thursday, the 4th of July, and organised without delay.— In the Senate, Vice President Ham lin took the presiding.officees chair, and thirty•nine Senators answered to their names, including the following frol Pi,'9!S . ptitherit Suites : 7 - 7 --,i3ayardi and Saulsbury, of Delaware; Anthony . . . . and Pearce, - of Maryland; P;reckin: ritivat4E'Ovell,olkentucky ; John-- son;'OerlUMitisee, and POlk of Mist The new Senators from "Kan sas, Messrs: tane and Pomeroy; Brow ,nifig,,nf Illinois, the successor. of Judge Dwight's, and James'A. Mc- Dougal,, the new Senatorfrom Califor nia, and were sworn , in.- . . Senator Wilson, ofMassachusetts, gave notice of his intention to offei' the following bills:— 'A blll to ratify and oonfirin President, for the suppression of insurrection and rebellion, A bill to authorise the employment of volun tecriloi enforcing the laws and proteoting the .publie property. .A bill to increase `the. present military ostab lishuient of the United States. A bill providing for'the better organization of •=ttteml4 . titarrestablishment. - A bill to promote the ellioieney.of the army, and A bi#l fer.ofganizing is volunteer militia force, to be called the. National' Guard of the United -States. The house orgaiiiiiiid by the elec tion of Hon. GALUSITA. A. Gaow, of pennsylvania, ars,Speake,r i: And,BNlEß.- gdi Firtitatoor, of Ten nessee, Clerkr . There WAS but otie ballot for Speaker. Schuyler Celfax having ) . withdraOn hisnaMe, the Competitqrstor the votes of the i*ljOrity. 'party were reduced do Mr. Grow and Francis P. Blair, jr.,. Missouri. At the close of the first ballot, which terminated without a choice, Col Blair withdrewhis :name to save time, and a number of votes being then changed from Blair to qrow, the latter was. elected without a. second ballot; The vote was as follows: Whale num ber of votes, 159. Grow, 99; Blair, 11 ; Crittenden, 12'; 'the rest scattering. For Clerk, Mr. Etheridge had 92 'votes, John W. Poi noy 41, Mr. Dietrich, 21, anJ T. D. Florence 2. When .the Clerk of the House call ed the na.rue of Wm. E. Lehman, of Pennsylvania, Mr. Stevens, of this State, objected, on the ground that r..Leb man had not aprima facie case, for that was in possession of, John M. Butler. A Motion by Mr. Stevens ' to m substitute the name of Mr. Butler for that of Mr. Lehman, was lait(O4,,ehe• table by„ a vote of ,91...against4 - I.—, Some other members woe objected to, on the ground : that they were officers of volunteers the service of the United Statde, but no proceedings were hail in any case. bit...iYitlay, in 'the uenato, George T. Brn4n, was elected Scrkehaf-iit- Arms. . Mr..Chandk:r gave not . iCe that he stioiild tomorrow introdUce abill to con' seate the property of all Gover nors of States, members of Legisla thres,,meSuctie's of Courts, and all mili- • . . •inir • tary oms above the rank of Lieu• 'tenant who shall take up arms against the Government of the United States or aid and abet :treason against the Government' and that all such indi viduals be forever unqualified for hold ing any office of honor or emolument or trust, in the Government. Such property to be applied to restore to Union men in rebellious States :any losses they may have suffered. After the reading of the President's message it was ordered to, be printed with the accompanyingdocuments. Mr. Hale (lit. H.) gave notice that lie should introduce a bill, for the tem porary increase, of the-Navy, and the Senate then adjourned. licUSE.—Ex-Congress!nan Ball has been elected Sergeant-at-Arms. Mr. Crittenden - appeared and took the asual oath to support the Consti• tution.' . Mr. 'Johnson presented a memorial from Mr. Kline, contesting the seat of Mr. Verred, from Pennsylvania.— Referred. to the cothinittee on . elec tions. Mr._Stevens (Pa.) gkiire - notieb of the introduction of - a bill to repeal all the laws creating ports of 'en'try in the rebellious States; also, a bill to pro vide for holding a United States Court in Wheeling. Mr. Campbell (Pa.) presented.ares olution, which was adopted, all Owing members the amount heretofore Raid for stationery and newspapers. Mr. Van Wyck asked leave to in. troduto It bill providing for the trans misSiOti Of the letters . of officers and soldiers free di' postage. .Mr. Burnet (.IS.y.)' bei no. opposed to the franking privilege, objected. journed. On Saturday, in the Senate, .the Standing COmmittbes wore announ ced: Isaac Bas Set tkraS ele6ted aft As sistant Door•keeper. Mr. Wilson presented the several bills of Which he gave notice the first day of the session. (A synopsis of them will be found in another col umn.) They weft 'reterred tb cern mittees. In thellOnse befitting eulogies were prnnottntied on lion. Geo. W. Seran: ton, who died during the. recess. Both boitse's adjoiiined to latidkY: WASHINGTON, July 8, 1861; SENATE. Mr. Wade (Ohio).offered a joint resolution that the Secretary of the Treasury be directed to remit all du ties and imposts on all arms import. ed since the first of May last, which have nat.been actually paid, and all arms which may be importod prior to the first of January, 1862, for the Use of any State which is in good faith aiding to suppress the rebellion now waged against the United States. Re-. ferred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. Hale (N. H.) presented a peti tion for the relief of _Roger Jones, who commanded at Ha:rper's Ferry, and *as obliged to destroy public and private property, to prevent its falling into the panda of the rebels. Mr. WilsOn (Mass.) from the Corn. mittee on Military Affairs reported back the jointresolution legalising all troops.. To now reinforce Fort Pickens hefore ta eriisw (mid be reached at Fort Sumter , was oetioeof im possible, rendereds eby na tb m e ed ee fo a r r t. exh prr o is s i o ols , i , t2 conjuncture tatter the government bad a fdeiwrlodne;Yttes beforew e a e d e Zt m e den. preparingacs ed mightb e t an ci eP relieve 'e Fart ultimately t t e s r iy , w ee h e i d eh o expeditionreot according w as Intended tlioireete to . stances. The strongest anticipated ease i for_ outs ing it was now presented, and ft wa:sreee d send it forward, as it had been intended i v n this te oontingeney. It isettfa s lelayesolved to notify h ra. government of the ssecalled Smothers oonfede t hould not be resis ad, cy that if the attempt a there would be noaffert-to threw -in man;' 11,11113 or ammunition, without furth T er v ootic t e t , e or w ln as ease the art. of an attack upon..AC -eattacked ss. •, , -ers.' ," ' '• ' , • - cordinght - givent*l r Paen,the fort was .. , .I.elE 'vy AR MrAseArs or Canitass.— db - be ded uf i -41. 1 ; it it eu s e s even awaiting , an 0 . 01, ,I . ' 4 0,- , „Vgi.iitioo . t b • the substance the dere/al - 6f the prolisioei . The following is saido e .• ',••-, ' ' 4 'at, ia4bus seeks thett e unit_ p of the war bills of Mr. Wilson,• introdu- .s. ...:: r e of Ftrt flemter, was snit .'sense a mat - f der rata tifpart ertifireassailante. ced in the Senate : l• ••. • ' tersof spl s e ~ - . .. ... 1114 vfellithew that tbd - gerrieonseen-ethe fort. The National Guard —The. bill for e t,i 1 1,141 10 poto;hific.r conlalitObffresfi" iiP ° " They knees- tlfey were ex -prerslf notified the organization of a National uard pro them' f brave and that the of to the few co vides for the enrollment 'of 240,000 men, 4- giving' 1 . ill i'lli-Witilvis'ittl,..hioh could ofto 310 12 .P.V.0tn, a-, e a s . A ,, , 1 betWeeri 21 and 35 years age, be di-•: 1 _,,„ •, 1 4,,,, eee aese se he esetehipted tinless heinee ves, - vided into- two hundred regiment, of Iby resisting so,„ thpueell shesuld provoke more.— twelve • companies each -apportioned a- I They knew thete is s geefernment desired to keep, ''tstallail them, but this . garrison e ta the fert,,nuts , , ~, mong the States pro rata- according to merely tossetTwalltr•vistole *toe seion, truetieig, , .. their representation in •Congress. After as hereinfieferePtitae i ieil,--'tbs time, discussion and ''six years service thOse who enlist are , , en ' ' tf do - .l'virotr, eililleely a chy ; asessailfedtref4efiee e s R. •- -. .e. - • titled to an honorable, scha ge, and to ex- ~.,,e i, b. I: '''% 'ecietA the vim 0 sauthora ' ' ' empties from service on the jury nigh ,ete_P 91 ~f.- - = -..- . - or the leedeeal Unto, and thus force it to muss : .• t 'firstdissolution-diate: ty thousand are to be enrolled he . -, , , ', - - , u'''' ii That ttliS W 0.3 their object the EXOCIAIVO Vre . year, and the same number the second and d a d h .'" .d. t thew "n the' in• , 1111 erstoo ; ,Al 3 al ing said 0 OUS 1. , third, .so that a third May go outof service augural address, "You can have no conflict with the • . at a time. The Presidept is to have pew-tvo- eeessesenee eb e is-ts }out being yoursc * lillation oad - but I pains net only to keep this deel , , er to call out - the Guard, or ;any part of it, also to keep the ease 'so free (rein g the power or in case of invasion or insurrection beyond ingenioue - eephietry as that the world shoeld,not the Power of the civil arm. be able to mieunderstenil it: ; - -s f The Atilitalw Power of the President, By the affainat ForeSumteresvith its surround. ling eiremestancei that point was remehed. :Then —The bill which legalizes the President's, and thereby thesieshiltints of the - government be ' acts since the • 4th of March, - empowers gun the cunt:lilt of ':urine without a gun in sig h t - - „ him in case 'of ,WhetrCongrese . or in expectancy to return their afire; stave only * . i . ' - -• the few in tbe fort, sent sto• that drerbor years be tis.notin session, to take Similar, mea.sures. fore, for their owe . lo.' us tier; and still „reedy to ' 'Assistant Seeretarg of ' War, re' "• - 6 - 'l° ' e - —Ant give t at protection in whetever, was , an' u • ' other bill provides for the appointment Of. In this act, discarding all'elsa they have for . i an Assstant, Secretary of War, with anal- cod upon the couu try ,thts distioet issue—immedi •.! 4' ate dissolution or bleed. And this issue etnbra ary of $3,000; for adolitionalTorce in the ces mure than the fate of these United States.— ~ - Military BureauS ; for the appointment of It presents to the whedesfbielly,Ol man theques tiAro additional CatletS'f6WeSt POint i frorn ti" whether a constitutional republic or democ i .... rae —a 'government of the :people:-by le b the antic - each Siate by their Senators, and 'for the .., ' Y r . - P P .' Y ' - . ee o P.e — ean or. cannot nraiiitain as territorial filling of all vacancies in the•Acaderny by integrity i' o minet it owe domestic foes. It pre- I the President;-for the classification' of seats the questien whethex,discontentod individ different uale - too few ,in . n nuinbers to control the Adminis. Mounted men hitherto called• by • - • • •• • .trades according to the organic law in any case, narks, as numbered regiments of canal- eon-always, upon the preenees ma t •de in this ease, , or any ether s pretence, ,bgair up their govern. The• Volunteer 'ores. -The bill touch •end free meat, Reid clay, preetteal pu t. en, to . . government . dpon the Mirth: -Ii forces us to ask,' ing the volunteer force empowers the Pres- 1,,-there in ail l republ•tas tbi • berena.'s.u dent to appoint not exceeding siic- Major weitknesi? Must a government of'netielselty be , -e e ' 1 Generals and eicrligen Brigadiers; ••' • too--strong for the liberties of its.own peep e, or. , '' too weak to maintain its own existence. : Enlargtng the Regular Ar/hy s o —The • • : 'but to viewing. the-issue, no choice was left ,bill enlarging the regular army erimowers call outthe warft d power o -the govern s men , eat so 'the President to increase the old regiments to . resist the forte employed fur itedestructine by e •- , foree for its preservation. Ti:I0- Mal ' was made, , * to the standing of the'new ones. and the response of the country - was most grati fying, Surpassiag in unanimity, and spirit the most sanguine expectations: ' ' ~ Yet none of the, States emeweenly called slave States, except Delaware, gave areeiment through regular ;State organizations. A- ' few yegiments have been ureenized within some others of those States by individual enterprise, and received in to the government servi stn. * Of course the seceded States so called and „to which Texts had been joined about the time or the inauguration, gave no troops to the cease of the Union. The border States, so called were not uniform in their action, seine of them being partly for the Union while in eibers as Virginia and North C retina, Tennessee tied Arkansas, the Union sentiment was nearly repressed and silenced. The course taken in Virginia was the most re markable, perhaps the most important. A Con- • vention,c.etes. 1 . 1 by the people of that, States, to consider this very, question, of dist-Opting the Federal Union, was in session at the capital of Virginia when Fort Sumter fell.- To this body the People had chosen a large majority of pro fessed Union men. Almost immediately after the fall of Sumter, many members of that majority went over to the original disunion minority, and with them adopted an enhance for Withdraw ing the State from the Union. Whether this change was wrought by the great resentment at the government's resistanae to that assault, is not definitely known. Although they submitted the ordinance for rat ification to a vote of the people, to be taken on a day then somewhat mere than a month distant, the convention and the Legislature, which was also in session at the same time and place 'with leading members of the State not members of ei : titer, immediately commenced acting as if the State were already ont of the Union. They pushed their military preparations vigor ously forward all over the State. They seized the United States Armory at Harper's Furry and the Navy yard at Gosport,asear Norfolk. They received, perhaps invited into their State, large bodies of troops, .vith their warlike appoint ments, from theso called seceded States. They formally entered into a treaty of temporary alli ance and co-operation with the so-called confect orate States, and sent members to their Congress at Montgomery, and, finally, they permitted the insurrectionary zovernment to be transferred to their capitol at Richmond. The people of Virginia have thus allowed this giant insurrection to make its nest within- her borders, and thus the, government has no choice left but to deal with it where it finds it, and it has the Wee regret, as the loyal citizens have in due form claimed its protection. 'these loyal citizens this government is bound to recognize and protect, as being in Virginia. In the border States, 80 called—in fact the mid , die States—there aro those who favor a policy which they call armed neutrality—that is arming of those States to prevent the Union forces pass ing one way or the disunion the other, ever their soil. This would be disunion completed, figure. tively speaking, It would be the building of an impassable wall along the line of separation— and yet not quite an impassable one, fur ander the guise of neutrality, it would be in the hands of the disunion men, and freely pass supplies from among them to the insurrectionists, which it could net de as an open enemy. At a stroke it would take all the trouble - off the hands of secession, except only what proceeds from the external blockade. It would do fur the disunionists that which of all things they most desire, feed them well, and give them disunion without a struggle of their own. It recognizes no fidelity to the Constitution, no obligation to maintain the Union and while very many who have favored it are doubtless loy al, it is nevertheless very, injurious in effect. Re curring to the action of the government it may be stated that at first a call was made for 75,000 Militia; and rapidly following this a proolama. Lion was issued for closing the ports of the insur rectionary districts by proceediegs in the nature of a blockade. So far, till was believed to be strictly legal. . .. .. .. . At this point the insurrectionists announced their purpose to enter upon the practice of priva leering. , Other calls were Made for volunteers to serve three,years, unless sooner discharged; arid alse-for large additions to the regular army and navy. These measures, whether strictly legal or not, were ventured upon under what appeared to be a popular demand and a public neceseley trust ing then as now that Congress would reality Italie fy them. It is believed that nothing has been done beyond the con etitutional competency of Congress. Sean after the first call for militisi it was con sidered a duty to authorize the commanding General in proper cases, according to his- discre tion to suspend the privilege of the writ of ha beas corpus; or in other words, to arrest and *de tains without resort to the ordinary processes and forms of law, such individuals as he might deem dangerous to the publics safety. This au thority has purposely been exercised but spar ingly. Nevertheless, the legality and propriety of what has been done under it ate questioned, and the attention of the country has been called to the eeopesition that one who is sworn to take care that the laws he faithfully executed, should not himself violate them. Of course some con s " 1 t-ere don was given to the questions - of power and: propriety before this matter was acted on. ' he whole of . the laws which were required to be faithfully , execlited, were being resisted and failing of execution in nearly one third of the States. M est they be allowed to- finally fail of execution, even hadit been perfectly clear that by the use of the means necessary to their . eution souse single law, Itiatie in e."- mush extreme tenderness of the citizens' liberty th - ' ' at practient ly it relieves more of the. guilty than of the I* inno cent, should to livery limited extent be violated ? To state the question more clireml laws but one to go unexeeuted, .and sare all the men t itself go to , pieces, lest tha - t, o the govern-. Even in such cases would sot the ' rt ili e et be violated? broken if the government should be -al oath be when it was believed that disre d. oerthrown, gar m g the sin gle law would tend to preserve Bat it was not believed n? that this question wig presented. It was not believed that any law was the acts of the President. Laid over. Also, the bill authorizing the em ployment of volunteers in enforcing the laws and protecting public prop erty, Laid over. Adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Vandever (Iowa) presented the resolutions of the Legislature of lowa, praYing for the establishment of a Na. .t,ional Armprx, at Rock Island. Re - feried:. • _ The Speaker announced the Stand ing Committees of the Souse. • - FEE PRESIDEN3I MESSAGE. , Fellow Citii Ms of the Senate and Houle of - Itepresentativee': flaying been convened on an extraordinary occasion, authorized by the Consti tution, your attention is not called to any ordi• nary subject of legislation.. At the beginning of the Presidential term, four months ago, the functions of the Pe4era.l govern ment were found to he generally suspended with in the several States of South Carolina, Georgia, ,Alatatini„-Mississippi, famisiiina and Florida, ex ceptiug only those of the Post•olfiee Department. Within these Statiis all the forts, arsenals.; duck. yards, custom -bonsai, and the like,.had been seiz ed and were hela iu open hostility to this gov . eminent, eicepting only Fort Pickens, Taylor and Jefferson; on or near the Florida coast, and 'Fort Sumpter, in Charleston harbor, South Caro line. The forts thus seized bad been put, in improved condition. New -ones -bad been organized and were organizing, all avowedly with the same hos. tile purpose. The forts remaining in the posses stun of the Federal government, in and near these States, were either besieged or menaced by war like preparations, and epeeially Fort Sumpter, which was nearly surrounded by well-projected hostile batteries, with guns equal in quality to the best of its own, and outnumbering Um latter as perhaps ten to one. A disproportionate share of the Federal muskets and rifles had somehow found their way into these States, and had been seized to be used against the government; Accumulations of the public revenue lying within them have been seized for the stuns object. The navy was scattered in distant seas, leaving but a very small part of it withia the immediate reach of the government. Offibers of the Federal army and navy had resigned in great numbers, and of these resigning a large proportion had taken up arms against the government. Simultaneously, and in connection with nil this, the purpose to sever the Federal Union - was openly avowed. In accordance with this purpose, an ordinance had been adopted in each of these. States, declaring the States respectively to be separated from the national Union. A formula for instituting a combined government for these States had been promulgated, and this illegal or ganization in the character of confederate States was already invoking recognition, aid, and inter vention from foreign Powers. Finding this condition of things, and believing it to be an imperative duty upon the incoming .itticutive to prevent, if possible, the consomme.- 'don of.such an attempt to destroy the Federal Union, a cho ice of means to, that end became in- dispensable. This choice was made, and was de clared in the inaugural address. The policy cho sen looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures before a resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to hold the public places and property not a lready ,wrested from the govern - ment,and to collect the reTVenueiyelykng forthe rest op tithe, discussion and the VAllet box. It promis ed-it. continuance of the mails, at the governments expense, to the very. people who were refist ing the government, and it gave repented pledges against any disturbance to any of the people or any of their rights. Of • all that which a Presi dent might constitutionally and justifiably do in such a case. Everything was forborne without which it was believed potsible to keep the goy - ernine4 O. the . 6'itt of.lifarch, the pinsent incumbent's Eirst full day in office, a letter or Major Anderson, commanding at Ft. Sumpter, written on the 2Sth of February, and received at the War Depart ment on the 4th of March, was by, the Depart ment placed into my hands. This letter express ed the professional opinion of the writer •that re nforeement could not he thrown into that fort Within the time for his relief rendered necessary by the limited supply of the provisions, and with a view or _holding possession of the saute, with a force of twenty thousand good and well disciplined semi. this opinion was goncurrTi in by all the officers of his cortmlaiid, acid' tricir titmn oranda on the subject were made enclosures of Major Anderson's letter. The thole ,was inftne , diateky , laid before Lieu t. Gen. Scott, who at once concurred ,with Major Anderson in that opinion. On reflection, however, ho took further time, con sulting with other officers, both of the army and navy, and at the end of four days came reluctant ly but decidedly to the sanie conclusion' as he • fore: , . „ Ile also stated, atthe sit.APs time, that no such inteient force was then within the control of the government, or could be . raised and brought to the grqund within the time, iv,hen the provisions in the fort would be exhausted. In a purely mil. itary point of view this rehieed, the duty of the Adtninistritqon,iii, the case to the Mere matter of getting the garriS . on safely ottt of the fort.. It was believed, however, that to so abandon that position, under the circumstances would be utterly ruinous; that the necessity under which it Wiis to be done Would not be fully understood; that by litany it would hi construed as a part of a voluntary policy ; that at home it would dis courage the friends of the Union, embolden its adversaries, and go far to insure to the latter a recognition abroad; that in fact, it wohld bo our national destruction consummated. This could not be allowed. Starvation was not yet open the garrison, and ere it would be reached Port Pickens might be reinforced. This lan would be a clear indication of policy, and would better enable the country to accept the evacuation of Fort Sumter as a military necessi ty. An order was at once directed to be sent fur the landing of the troops from the steamship Brooklyn into. Fort Pickens. This order could not go by land, but must take the' longer and slower route bri sea, The first return news, froM the order was received just one week before the fall of Fort Stietter. The news itself was that the officer command ing the Sabine, to which vessel the troops had been transferred frame' the Brooklyn, acting upon some quasi armistice of the late Administration, and of ,the existence of which the present Ad ministration, up to the, time tbe order was dis patched, had only too vague and uncertain ru mors to Sz attention, bad refused to land the violated. . The provisions of the Constitution that the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus 'Shall not be suspended, übless in Oases of rebel lion or , invasion the public safety . may-require it, is equivalent to a provision that such privilege may be ausreinded when in ease of rebellion or Invasion the publics safety does require it. It was decided•that we have a case of rebellion; and that the public safety does. require the qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ, which was authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that- Congress and not the Executive is wasted With this . pqWer. Bit( the Conititation itself is tas to which to exercise the power, and as the provi , skin was plainly madelar a dangerous 4 ernergen-- . ~it cannot beibelieved that the framers of the' instrument intended that in every case the. dan- ger should run its course until Congress could be called together, 'the very assemblinrof 'Which ,mie•ht be prevented, tie was templed in' this case by tlse ., rsbsUion. 1u unite extended ecf,3lleilit4s now offered, as an opinion 'at some leng' tlt viileprobably be ,pre sented by the Atteiney Garseitil: Wheilier.there shall be any ; legislation upon the -sibject, and if any, what., is submitted entirely to the better judgment of Congress. The forbearance of this governMent.hed been. so extra. ordinary and so long continued as to .lead some' foreign: nations to shape their action as if they Opposed the early destruction of our nation Union was yiyhable. W hile this, on discovery, gave the tricutive some, con cerit, he is now happy to say that the sovereignty and .rights or the United States are. now, every, hpre prac ticallyrespected by foreign Powers, and a gen47il gym potliy.e with the country is manifested througilikut the Werk' , The reports of the Seuretsties of the Treating's,: War mikNavy, will give the Word:Won in detail detailed no cessary'aud convenient for your deliheratims. and action, while'the litxecutiVe and all the Uepartshatti Win stand ready to Supply onfiesions; td communicate no* bets celiddered important for - You to hnow. • ft in . 110117 reUuminewsuu esssi S ou we legal means fur nisking this contest* short and decisive one, that inoculate! of the government, for thesfork, ut least 400,000 men and $1.0.4000,040. That number or men is about-one-tenth of those of .roper ages within CL.," regions where apparentlynd are willing Its engage, and the sum is loss than the twenty-third part Of the money value owned by the 131:19 who seem ready. tc. &vete the whole. A 4ebtafs3oo,ool),Oarnowia alesSmun purt,„nead than was thedegf of Mir °We - Revolution when we - came out bf thetstruggle,and the money value in the country now bean; even agree.terproportion'to what' it was tit** than does thepopulatiOn. Surely each man hat. as streng a mo tive now to preserve ourlibertles us each had the' Mesta- Wish them . ' t- A righteesultat_this time Will be worth morpp the World thaw.tenithioetthe,inon and.teittinimil -money. The evidence reaching ustrom the country leaves no; &mat that', thp nekteria I for' the work is abundant, and thlic, it needs,only,the hand of logislatiop to give it lei/a:sanc tion, and the halal of the Executive to give it practical shape and efficiency. . Ono of the greatest_ perplexities of the government,is to avoid remelt:Mg:to:MOS faster , than proiided for them. In a word, the:people wi J tl save their government, if , the gOvernment-iMelf will do its payr.entrinditlerently well. It might seeth at firstihoaght,to,ho of little ditfermwe whethee the present movement at the souin be cadence cession cir rebellion. The movers, however, well under stand the difference. , At ,the beginning they knew they could never raise their tieasouto any respectablemagni tude by any name which implies violation la W ,They knew their people pessesimi as much of „moral sense, es much of deYetien,hflaw and ordet,mudlUr r'uch pride in and reverence for the history and government ocrtkelr common country as any other civilizod and patriutlboo pie. " They kneWthey could make no, advancement directly in the teeth of these etreng,and • noble- sentiments.- /Ac cordingly, • they commenced' by an insid , ons debauching of the public mind. They invented an ingenious evident which, if conceded, was thilowed by perfectly' logical steps irough all the incidents lo • the comPletstldestruc tie., of the Union." The sophiatit, ia.that i any,State of the Conitetkettly With the reftionaltonsti tutioit, 'and therefore lawhiltrand ' peacefully! Withdraw from the Union, withent the consent of , the Union or of any other State. The little diaguleil that the supposed right is to be exercised only, fivitjust csusd,Wsquse they themselveSara te. be the sole tudosto. fa juiticai it too thin to merit any nettee.t:.' - With rebellion thus sugar-coated, they have beenfiliug ging the !melee maul of thew section' Orli:MN thairthirty yews ,and until iat leugts they have 'ls:ought many . good Dien to.d. wilusgness w cane uparmi against the ••:.)v ora- In ma the thy .aucdollits a-setutits.,, , m,of iitcu have enacted the farcla it:pretence= 'Of taking- . Weir 'State 'oat of the Union, wso could nave bcenbrougnt to no moth thing the toy before. sopiiisat derives akitch, prrhaps - the whuiiii oritg curreugy, from' the assumption that there is iiiaiiik4a* Q i. patent and sacred simm readv "Mirtaining to a Stateeto each State ofoor Federal Union, Our... States ,liave jest thor inure nor less power than thatreserfied to them in the Union by the Constitution, no out of them over hiv ing been a Suite out of the Union. The' original ones passed into the Unioneven before they case off their British colonial dependence, and the new ones etch canto into the Union directly from a condition of dependence, excepting Texas; and even Texas, in its temporary - hidependence, was never designated a'State. ' The new ones only took the -designation of:States coming into the Union; while that name was first 'Adopted for the old ones in and by the Declaration of Independence. Therein the United Colonies were declared to be free and independent States. • But mean then the object was ~plainly not to declare their independence of one another, or of the Union, but directly the contrary, as their mutual pledge and their Mutual actian before, at the time, and afterwards, abun dantly show, The express plighting of faith, by each and all of the original thirteen:hi the articles of confed eration, two years later, that "the Union s,hall be-perpe tual," is most conclusive . Having never_ been Stares, either in eubstance or in name, outside of the Unpin, wheuce this magicalomuipotence of righti, assert ing a claim of power to lawfully destroy the Union it- self? 3 4 ,11 Weald alootittlie sovereignty of the States, but the word oven Is not in, the national Constitution,nor, as is believed, in any of the, State constitutions. What is a sovereignty in the political sense of the term? Would it be far wrong to define it "a political community with out a political superior?" Tested by this, no one of our States, except Texas, ever was a sovereignty, and even Texasgave up thecharacter on coming into the. Union, by which actehe aCknowledged the Constitution 'of the United States, and the laws and the treaties of .thet.Uni ted ' States, made in purse:taco of the Constitution, to' be for her the supreme law of the land. - The States 'have their status in the Union, and they have no other legal. status. If they break from this, they can only do, so. against law and by revolution. TheUnion,and selves separated, procurel theirindependence and theta lbvrty.: By conquest or purchase, the Union cave' each of them whatever of independence and liberty it hes. Tile Ultima le older them any of tae States, and in fact, it created them as Stat. s.O. Nome dependent colonies made the Union. and, ip urn, the Union' threw oil their old dependence for. thetn, and made them States, each as they, are; not ,one of them ever had a , StitteCatistitution independistit, arit- thWarilon. Of Mounts It is not Megawatt that all the, new State". !rimed their Constitutions hero e they , lettore I, the Union; nevertheless dell.= Is e-elp Ja, awl . preperat irjr to, coming into the Union. linguae, ion ably the States have the powers atifileglits reserved to them in and by the Rational; Caustßetitiii; but tamest& these, Surely, are not incinded tie : smoke. ble powers, however mischievous or destruetive, but at most each only as were kuvwtointhi W. 'rid at the time as gavernmentel powera.atut certainty a:power to destroy the government itself was never ktro en as a governmeat or:merely eatufinistratteogewgr. , yri is relative ni atter of Mali Chat poWk' and awe rights as 'a principle; is no other than. he petuctple et generality and locality. Wit tteVer concerns the whilst should be coed led to' the elm de. t, the general govern inent ; While aria stetter , Concern, only ti,, St itit'ita mid be lett exclusieely to the State. Chid is all third is of ari4iti 41 prinsiple abetit it. Whether the national Constitution, in define lug boundaries between the two, Misapplied the princi ple with exeet accuracy, is net to 'be qateetioned. 'We are ale,, bound by that d doing without iptestion.-- Whet is now cultivated is the position the, seeessierila consistent with the Conettint ion, it lawful and peaceful, It is n,t inete.pla-t that there is any inquest law far, it, said,nothiag should ever be implied haw whieh -leads to itej net or absurd consequences. The 'nation purthaseraltli Money the Countries - out of which several of .thew Stales were formed. le it just that they shall go oft, without heave end without rerun ling? The nation paid very 'large 1 111114-41:1 the aggregate, I bAiev.., a hundred Millions—ate relieve Florida of the aboriginultritme. ' Is itjuit that she shall how go off without caisson t or without m ;kin env return .? The neilon Is 'no* in dent for m may *pelted to o'l' ben•tfle of theee.eb•VatiS4 Seceded States in conlame with the rest. le it just either the'. crel iturs nisi l go map al I, or the`.retuaittatg,. Stelae pay the eptaile? Part or th, Prearsht witionit4 debt aq aseootr teted tolt.ajr . the o*.d deets* of, reiks. 4 It 'hit th t ebe shall taw, and pay no part of that self? • • "• Again, if one State may secede, so may smother, ani., when all shall have seceded. none is left to ,ray ;the debts. Is this quite just to creditors? Did we uotifyi them of this sego 'view of oars when we borrowrd_ their Money? if wa now recognize this d..ntrlne by al lowing the seceders to sista peace it Is difficult to ass . what we can do It others choose to go, or to eitort terms upon which they will promise to remain. The seceder" !nets[ that our Constitution admits of aecesafon. ,Tbry have mistimed to mike a national constitution of their own; in w hich, of necessity, they hare either discarded or retained the right of seceseldo at they insist desists in ours. If they hive discarded it s , they thereby admit that on principle it ought het tiiba in ours. If they have retained it, by their oir ummattnittlon of ours, they show that to be consistent they -must secede from one another whenever theiabill find it the ems/. est way of settling their debts, nr effectit.g any other se IBA or unjust object. The stole Itself is one of disintegration, upon whiCh no government can pond bly endure. • It all the States save One eh mid assert the power to drive tit it one out of the Uhl in, it is persumed the Whole C14:4:4 Of scowler politiolans would at once deny the power and denounce the act as the hreetteet outrage upon Stat right,. But auppoer that precisely thee...no ne :set, loatesid of being called diving the out. should C dted the sece of the " others •trom n th.t <me. it l be exactly want the 'weeders claim to do. unless, moss!, they more t he point that the One, ....e31111" it IS .1 'lll'l°ll4's ""'" ri A'llt 6lll Yd the, iim beca they ars a majority may not rightfully d 'Tome oollticlana are ,übtm I p•ofiun t eti the rights f.'t t •rities; the are n p srt.i .1 to that power w hich ut le the Cona , ,it it, es. and +pasha Gout the p•ssaiDlvs itself .• We 1 . .0 enovin. itin.l7 bi rides 10,1,1 woodier there !e.t.a-day, • in tj •rlty ~f toe leg illy q-ial.Soh voters of any State, except., perhaps. South Carolina, in favor of disunion. (here iiittell retleoll CO WO lee,. that the Union men are this in.jority in in nay it not in every ether One of the 41D called seceded State, As the contrary lies ..ut boon demonstrated in any one, of them. it is ventured to affirm this even of Vir ginia and Tennessee, for the nvutt of an election held in military camps a here the bayonets were &Won one side of the question voted npou, dart scarcely c moldered as a demonstration of populist Sentiment.- Ist such an lection all that large class who are not at once for the On and against cuerclso, would be COOT: 004 CO vote Ara nit the Onion. It inky be affirmed, without extravagance, that the free lostituttous^ wo enjoy have developed the power and improved the condition of our whole peop le be- . yond any example in the world. Or this we now have a striking end Impressive illuatration. Bo large en army as the government has now on riot was never be fore known, without a moldierln it bnt who, had taken • , his place there of Isis own keel choie. But more than this. There are many regiments
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