Clearfield Republican. (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, January 14, 1853, Image 1
<r«i ii?t.l ivy-. ,! if-iai'iijh. &' ; j ! ••' / ■ , o> > •’•' i: >: .cM ddM.ow ( ? feAß.ip advance, , «iro • • iion^t.;;" .1.85, 'Wmiiti.Bii 'months.- :. 'itf ip NOT PAID. MOHTHS. ' ' -'lt* f MJoffPA'to 1 tyITHIS tWEtVfi' MOliTfaflft ‘' 18 W “JpSWiibivi aiil6&alal «hol» «f WJWlifl tba 6tptej»nd>WHH><> ««Wi 1/ Nodliaaallananoe will baallowcd-ontiipll »rrtprcS«<ha*( .betapaid. , . , . • • • “ '|ju^« C op’ ( PoSniitwV aeaiiitiaii to rtolilV w'whfei br law. of the fact that paper* are not lilted br t hot# to WMiaJ tbarara al rested* arvthtmielTei held ireiponiibio loii toe arnottataftßtfadbiolWroatnonelJ.i' 1 , . C&Vbiptr lihdw'caitfedbV malrthtoMhout tboogdntr ■mtfownn : .!.'■■ ;^7;'»SSRBB: ;r . ; , JMTfOFTBti S. 3f, BUTCDMAS yita&w-'A'liitlo learning Id li'danßoVoua lhingi'., My Hearers: — As you pass ulong'tho pUgritoPgß'bf Lifeii you necessarilymdct 'rfthn.ns /many wirieties of characterlas tHer© nrd suitors; to apretty heiress ;■ arid of thbso ebftiQ'ard desirable acquaintances,; wfiileloth'ers i are '.disagreeable and annoy ing osibufs among the wool of a petpoodlc. BOtofall boreß, my hearers, defend me frorana creature who possesses just suffi . cient learning to entertain one - idea at a time,icwithohtiilho / ordinary: ihlelligeftce thdtban look at both sides of thoquestion. Suqh men.' my friends, ate. likelEsop's jackass’,who, seeing the; spaniel tfatvn ’ up- onrhis;master, thought that:he; might fol* low his oxdmple,!and. thereforo received a wnll;merited drubbing,; (orforgeUing ■ that he tpizs wjackass. ; ;;There are. many - men. now in the phlpit, .my friends, who might hdve’; made respectable i mechanics, had tjiby possessed intelligence/ enough to hnvo stuck'ta'the. honorablo: calling they have deserted. (Many a hiccupping- driveller, •who porinds the Bible in a mahogany pul- j pit, might have been honored had he stuck | to the sledge and anvil,,at whichho was; brought up, arid not, in his envying crim j ceit, have coveted the trude of preaching.: ‘ fAlittle learning is a dangerous t/iwg/' \ So it is, my friends, for many npologiesof mankind know just enough to make them selves fools, but do . not know enough to perceive the fact. For instance, the red mouthed abolitionist “knows a littlo,” but onlv just enough tp keep one solitary,idea fn-his cranium at a time. He judges that the Negro is oppressed,, because some fel lqw has sent him a tract Upon the subject, dnd forthwith he feebr very deeply for tho “pobr colored brother”— every fthere else, but in his pocket-book. My hearers, in the city of New York, in the street called. Broadway, opposite ,to the city Hospital, stands every day, with his hnnd extended for.charity, a blind qnd'attenuated Negro. The: abolitionists pass him by'without a : look.-' He is free, say they, what does he need more? No pity,'has the red-mouthed mnn'ofono idea—nopiiy dr compassion on the swarms of starving blacks that fester and rot iu-corruption in the dens of-this huge city 1 But like a vile diBunionist,,he'skulkB x around the home of the Southorn planter, and,.there into the mind of the'sleek arid happy tiegro, who ■ jp a king compared to the free black, he instils 1 the poisbn Discontent, entices him ; dWriy,* arid then to wb the‘ home where h'o has been born,‘ and fed; and reared 1 Dan gerous* indeed, is ri 'little' learning. ' It Causes respectable mechanics td' degrade, ' theriiseives intdmiseniblejhovVlirigprcach- j ■ cfs; , It cdriveris theapbthecary’s boyin ’ to cr quack Mi Dj. It makes al rascally'; i'.;- pettifogger of tho lad who sweeps, out an : flttbrrioy’s office. No one my hearers, res ' ' or literary attninme'ntd than I do; but a professional man! | With a'fifth part of an education, is sure ii to’be,either a one-idea abolitionist, a quack •| "doctor, a ranting preacher or a knavish i phttifbgger. Generally speaking, you will /Sjfiftd'meirof'this callibro, starting dot ns fefdrtnefs, inventing new systems of Shedibirie, now itlCasofnegro-hugging, now ijiotioris' in Theology, or some new fangled of philosophy 'or ethics.'' My breth ?;®‘n, shun thern all, and they wil l soon sink hyto their proper level. You will find the ' /irofireeir of bVory knave terminate j6st as L . i^Sive' predicted. And,"beloved,, while ;;i®riOr merit, though clothed. in rags; arid . though unappreciated arid impov ‘Sfished, let’iis turn away from qUackery, it develops itself. And so .;*&B-it ever. Amen I Saltpetre Explodr?’—The < Bowing paragraph appearsin Mr, Hale’s ( k;»ttnsbpr.of 1 - 7 ; v ' , I“Accidents from cnmphme are becom- . U so .frequent that we have tbpusht the Stld jhignt forget that theVe : Mte.aTso!daß ? K ; Jn handling other explosive 1 sybstdm fa, <dUtih-'a's' the old fashioned ! gun ; powdd* Tile singular akcidetit which eij£htlV;qccijtrdd; at the Sulphur Wf&nd'to pdt the public : orvllteir' guard,. | ife visitors at thh h^rthcte,' wlto ® l&Wlfybtt of faithfully drinking the fotetii ertHe spring, partook at, night, of S®&°fiilMteaibe4f, which Kdd'heon pro: KdedWthe dvbnifag sUppbr, and Os usu T brW it'dhwh’with some of the \ydter R^fi%^yr^W6d'^ith;Buli|hi>fc J Oti .to- Charcoal powder, arfd oti turning tonnd to ®low.out lho~candle hie heito burst assun ller VritH l a : 'teri , tfic ! explosioh, I ' ir A i cottoner s hlMniWps l summpnedy which>reported :aver- Mjorid aoconJanceiwUhvtheipbovn facts'; ;b|atn°o^ a ? W 1?? ■$ P ;':{•?(!?' we!'s I i T Bigler !^ l Xpto9 v^;rtaS.;M;P.WaWjrE^3.,qf 'has annulled: and declared! Void the jeommission issued to him. This is _the Mirst removal under the omended constitu- waa'dode because iMr. HI Donald Kfußßdtoiobeyl the; order aafiheGourt 1 iof ,^lea» -of'nc«m»fec?B* Kvinachim jpeijnify hifcptoseni su tet\sin*My<mesl ' : i • iil-.'.'ii "HiT liiim * . : :m, •■•• : i ....' -vi' \. . * < A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, M6RALITY, AND FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. Volume 4, .... SLANDER.. ~ “Who stabs my name, would stab my persqti |toO|.diil not tho hangman’s axo lie ia the wav. ; “The man yho attempts; tp rise in the world by. pulling /his neighbor down, is unfit to bo tcieyatea/and mankind will do well tp keep, him wh?,rf he is, unless wish to make a heartless tyrant. The wo man who can go from.house to house'and us she.opens her budget.of evil reports, begs you not to mention it bn any account, it wduld• so 'grieve her that it would get abroad, and the poor crenturd would bo in juredprintJ iepcats tho same wherever she goes,'is not only a suspicious character, but sjio proclaims herself a very vixen.” 1 1 Rev. T. G. GArver. Tho individual who penned the follow ing musthavo had some conception of tho evil ofSlarider, or ho could riot have de picted: it.rid horribiyi - ' ' •“Twas night, and sucha nightasearth ne’er saw bofore, ,Murkoy: clouds veiled tho fnir.face ofitheihenvcnsj.urid gave to pitchv darkness a still deeper dye. The mooli had fled ; the stars had closed their eyes, for deeds were doing which they date not look upon. For a timo the pure streams became stagnant'and ceased to ! flow, Tho' mountains trembled; tho for j est dropped its leaves; the (lowers lost their fragrance rind withered; all jmlriro be came desolate; in glee serpants hissed, harpies screamed, and satyrs revelled be neath Upas; domestic beasts crept near to the abode of man; the lion relin quished his half-eaten prey; the tigorrun howlibg to his lair, and even the hyena quitted his repast ot dead men’s bones. — Mnn alone of all earth’s creatures slept, but' sleep ns if in the bodings of some half known calamity sat brooding over his mind. Aspiring youth would mutter of blasted hopes, long cherished ; young, fair arid gifted mai dens would start and trem ble weep their injured innocence. Mothers, too, would half awake and prees the trem bling nurslings to their breasts,and breathe to heaven another prayer for their protec tion. On such a night, heir yawned'and gave to earth a Slanderer. t “OLD KEXTUtyi.” A Kentuckian ut the. battle of New Or leans, who disdaining the restraint of a soldier’s life, when his name is Upon the muster roll, preferred ' “gem’ it alone,” fighting upon his own hook.- While the battle was, raging fiercest, and the shot was flying thick asbajl, carrying death wherever they fell, “Kcrituck” might have been seen stationed under a tall maple, loading and firing his rifle', ns perfectly uncortcerned, as though ho was “pickin deer.” ,;Every. time,he brought his rifle to his shoulder, a red coat- bit the dust.— At last he happened to attract the-attention of‘‘Ctld 1 Hickory,” who supposed, he had become separated from his company, and rode up to hirmto bring him behind the redoubts, as he was in opposition.that exposed his person to tho fire of the ene my. “Hallo 1 my man, what regiment do yon ■belong to 1” said the General. “Regpflcnt h—II 1” answered Kentuck, “hold pn,, yonder’s another of’m!” and bringing his shooting iron to his shoulder, bp ran his eyo ,along the barrel—a flash followed, anomer Englishman came tumb ling to. tho ground. company: do-you belong toj*, again enquired the. denernl. “Company the d—l” was the reply of Kentuck, as he buried himself re-londing, “see that .or’, feller .with the gold futins op his epat apdhoss? Jist watch me per forate .him.!’’;: _ , ' The. General gazed in tho dirpetiop in dicated by his rifle, and observed a British CplonpJ ridipg up-and down the advancing columns pf-.thp. foe- Kentucky., pulled trigger, pnd the gdliapt flrifqn followed his contpanions .that his Kentucky, fop, had laid Ipw, in death, that day. . , : ‘‘Hurralij.forold shouted the free fighter, as bis victim came toppling from Ids horse, : then turning, tp tbs Gen eral, he cont|nped “I’m fightin’ on .my Jbjyn hook, stranger!” and leisurely pro ceeded Jo. ijeloqd.. ; . ! Exclusion of Braces snow; Ohio*— ■Mr.' SeriatordGiishing from Gallia .county, bas; introduced into the Senate of.Obio, a bill "to. prevent: the, further settlement of -blacks or mulatto persons in this State ” i"The bill provides,it-rTbat after the Ist of January 1854, no black oil mulatto per s6ns:shall; settle in: this State. . That afec ord shall; bei.mado.of oUvSUcb,residents in iher Stole: beibrftfthe itime.' Children: of Fuch bora artenlhalitirae,qto ba, recorded ■also. : Tbat;;aU:BU(jhiperaonSj found; hero after thut limondt recorded, afo, td be de clared ; unlawful, tloor-tesidejit^.:guilty, of an offence bnd punched by; imprisonment; inrithe) <jounty.vj&ilo feom,i pi&'tp/.twelvpj months.-Non-resident.colored persons un der the act are declared incapable of bold in*7,: real estate, ondi none enrp. be ..devised .10^or held inlintst by them. All such is forfeited ltd -t ' q ; fHi il'o.l-’lll .Ofil-U.";.! ;■ . d k tIU- ;a; '!•_ i admirare, wi3? ddmVlniSciasfiJpshiasiUtrtiUt) morainehl' friend^and/honestyfraOreprocUtionera, w&timimn -irrr" ’ r Clearfield, Pa., January 14, 1853. Prom pic Washington, Union. THE AMAZON AND. tMO ATLANTIC SLOPES OF south; America.— no. s. ( Continued .) Amaguas, seven miles below Nauta, is an important point, (though dt present it hdh but 240 inhabitants,) on account of its great extent 6f fertilCdands. Passing Amaguas with its 240 .inhabi tants, Iquitos with its 127, and Aran with its eighty, wo arrive, twenty-seven leagues belotv the mouth of the Ucayalj which comes frorn the south) at the mouth of the Rio Napo, a tributary from Ecuador.— There ia here a settlement consisting of qne family of Mitos Indians and one fugi tive-slave from Brazil—total thirty-one. This river is 200 yards broad at its mouth, and is navigable for 300 miles. It is rich in gold; its batjks are inhabited by hostile tribes of Indians, ,and covered with sarsaparilla and other valuablo pro ducts of the forests. These Indians make the, finest and most beautiful hammocks that are found in the Pampn- del Sacra mento; price of n hammock two yards of cotton. , Tho trade in poisons makes this un important place. Pebns is thirteen leagues below the mouth of the Napo; has a population of 387, and a fine country round abbut. Its productions are white and black wax, sar saparilla, storax, "cham birn,” hammocks, pitch, copal, incense, India rubber, milk of the cow trco, and many curiosities, which the Indians, who, though wild and savage,- are friendly to the white njan, usually bring in exchange for beads, trinkets, &c. White wax is worth two yards of cot ton ; black, half; thirty-four poundssarsa parilla, twenty-four yards; hammock, two i yards ; a little pot of poison, four yards; I one pound vunilia, eight yards. | Thence to Loreto, the frontier town of Peru, we have five small villages. Loreto is 160 leagues below tho head of uninter rupted navigation of the Huallaga; popu lation, 122. In this village you find a i preparation from tho wild yuca, which is very palatable, wholesome and nutricious. It is a gdod substitute for bread. Sarayacu, situated on tho right bank of tho Ucayali, #OO miles above its junction with the Amazon, has a population of 1, 270. This is an important point, in the midst of a fertile region. Eight or ten miles above this town tho Ucayali receives the Ahuaytia, which takes its rise almost on iho banks of the Huallaga. A few miles up this tributary bring you to a great sar saparillh copntry. This drug costs here eight yards of the cotton cloth of the coun try the 100 pounds; which 100 pounds are.@2s in Para, and fiom @4O to @6O in ■ Europe, according to the markets. These eight yards of cotton lor. the 100 pounds ! of sarsaparilla, according to the statement of this clever blacksmith, are worth lour yards only of opr coarse cotton. Let us therefore, for the sake of illus tration, trace this trade through its entire course. The American or English pedler to thd Amazon —for trader he is not—buys in New York or Liverpool, as the case may bo, four yards of cotton, for which he pays twenty-five cents. He ships thence nround Cape Horn to Callao. Here he pays duty at the Peruvian cuStom-houso, and is sent thence to Lima by mule. By etime, what with freight, trnnsporta , and commissions, it has cost the pur chaser fiAy cents, lit is then packed on mule's, edrriod across the Andes, and in about twelve months from the time of its leaving New York or Liverpool it arrives at,the mouth of the l/cayali, where it is sent up by boat, vvhiclji occupies 300 work ing hours in going up ( liOO miles to Saray acu and ’ tho sarsaparilla cobntry. Herb this piece of four 3/ards is exchanged in barter, according to iHacket, the Now England Mechanic, from whom I have been quoting, for 100 pounds of that drug. ■A- shipment of the return cargo is then made in 1 the rude river ornft of the coun try, apd this 100 pounds of sarsaparilla, .bought with four yards of “fi’-penny bit” cfcton when it reaches the Amazon is Avorth $9 in Nauta,slO 50 in Sabatingn, @26 at Para, and $5O at New York or Liverpool. The voyogo has been a long, and a tedious, apd a round-about one, but the profits tire enormous. Noiv, if Pern and Brazil, instead of forc ing qommpreo witliihetrintprior provinces ’ l to, go wound “Robip, IJpqd’s bow” tq got there, would , open ports of , entry to •all nations, 1 and permit them to uso the 1 navi gation I of- the Amazon, tho citizens and subjects of Peru and instead of get ting fouryprds of cottoq for their IOOTbs. of sarsaparilla, would get three or, foujr. i hundred yards for it.', ! It vVouWbe difficult’to quote ahy r 6xh tri ple more Strikingly UllustrativeofthA dd ij vantages to Peril 6f that‘‘policy of com •, merce” which calls for the-establishment a port hf the head hf-niivlga- I lion onitheiMaranonj asithe inain trunji of 1 the A.tm.zpnjinljqrAiiqciallsdiiififß^spta,| jtljo jicqd of nifyigjliqp jSuallagp-; at’tho head of navigation on- theUcayalf; Arid at 'Piuta t , I '^luoli'' l is at'thb of! I j!(hiB4aqt , viit6ithe'iA»ilizbn- 1 - ufil -uum'i So, Ecuador might establish, portqof on- moil !..) try on her side of the Amazon, at B&rja, if the navigation be uninterrupted that far, and if Barja belong to her; and at the head of navigation of each one of her Am azonian 1 'tributaries, ns tho Pastaza, the Nripo, tho Prltomayo, and the Japara though'the head of navigation of the last is perhaps in Now Granada. Now; if any one of these republics should declare such places free ports to nil the world, or ports of entry to the commerce of all nations at ponco with them, surely Brazil would not in this en lightened day, if on American or English man should wish to wear his own flag and go in. his own bottom under it on a trading voyage to those posts—surely, I sav, Brazil would not at this day attempt to piny the part of Japan, and hinder those vessels from passing by her doors toother parts of the world. The Pastnza, 1 am informed on the 'au thority of my old friend General Villamil, tho Secretnry of State of Ecuador, is nav igable nearly up to Quito; and it is woll known that tho sands of most of those streams are auriferous. .•'ll Tabatingn is tho frontier post of Brazil on the Amazon. Thence ascending, we have an uninterrupted navigation along the main trunk of the Amazon, which hero courses through the nortborn parts of Pe ru,and not far from the southern bounda ry of Ecuador, Tor the distance of fivo or six hundred miles. Thus a steamboat may reach the foot of the Andes. Lieutenant Herndon entered the Ama zon four hundred and sixty miles above tho Brazilian boundary, and he thus de scribes the river there: “The Amazon, where it receives the Huntings, is fivo hundred yards broad. — j The march of this great river in its silent I grandeur was sublime ; but in the untamed might of its turbid waters, as they cut away its bnnks, tore down tho gigantic J denizens of the forests and built up isl- , ends, it was awful. It rolled through the' wildernoss with a stately and solemn air; its waters looked angry, sullen and rest less, and tho whole seem to awaken emo tions of awe and dread, such as are caus ed by the funeral solemnities, the minute gun, the howl of the wind, and the angry tossing of tho waves, when nil hands are called, “to bury the dead” in a troubled sea. “Though the river was not at its full, it reminded me of our Mississippi nt its top most floods. The waters are quite as mud dy and quite as turbid, but the Amazon lacked the charm and the fascination which thq plantation upon the bank, the city upon the bluff, and the steamboat up on the water lend to its lellow at the North; nevertheless,. I felt pleasure at its sight.— I bad already travelled seven hundred miles by water, nnd fancied that this pow erful stream would soon carry me to .the ocean. But the water travel was compar atively just begun ; many a weary month was tb elapse ere 1 should again look upon the familiar face of the sea, and many a time, when worn and wearied with the ca noe life, did 1 exclaim, this river seems interminable.” “Its capacities for trade nnd commerce are inconceivably great. Its industrial fu ture is the most dazzling, and to the touch of steam, settlement, and cultivation this i rolling stream and its magnificent water ! shed would startup a display of industrial I results that wouljl make the valley of the i Amazon one of the most enchanting re gions on the face of.the earth, i “From its mountains you might dig sil-J ! ver, iron, coal, copper, quicksilver, zinc, j and tin; from the sands of its tributaries; you might wash,gold, diamons nnd pieci i pus stones; from its forests you might gather drugs, of virtues the most rare, spe cies of aroma, the.most exquisite,.gums pnd resins of the most useful properties, 'dyesofhucs the most brilliant, with cabi- I net and building, woods of ihp finest polish land the moat enduring texturp. Its cli- Imate is an everlasting summer, und its harvest perennial.” With this enchanting'picture, nnd the hope that Lieut. Herndon will soon lot us ! have in full the repott of his wonderful Voyage down tho Amazon,'l close'this tho 1 antepenultimate ofmy numbers. No. 6, The Amazon onion the Atlantic thro’ n delta., The principal. tributaries from the, south which fall into'this rpier are, commencing at its mouth and going up, the Todantins. the Chingu, the Tapajos, the Madeirp, . the Parus, the Tappe, the Hyutubp,, the Hintay, the Tavary,the Udayali, and the Huallaga—-none of them smaller than the Qhio, nnd some larger thap .the.Misseufi., , U) -, . ” FrppT the,,north come the Rio Negro and the Japura, (two ipighty streams.) the Potamnvo, the the Tigre-Yo,cu, and the Pastazo. .... ,; _ - '•.;i the present 9'ommercial. resoprccs of; the luadeira-hryJ.the jiuaUa',. : ga\ffptn ;denved t from Lie!}-. I tenants’.'Hprogmr" and" Gibbon,, knifed [ npyy, aii| from IV!, 1 jOastolnam; >' As Itp tfle 'present v nppd ition of tnp trade ofl,d resditt'ces pf tl]ese ,‘are' Wi! h 0 darltor , \ , ,[i I; .. ,l| MV ■ ii *.J .1] »W.. V-M’ ‘.it: :-‘|U Pi i.4V:iiA till .i-.> ■vsiiT; l.ttn • ■■ jr.J. I All oF them, wo know, have falls and rapids of more or less velocity, which of- fer obstructions more or less difficult to steamboat navigation. Therefore, as to the queslion of how far these rivers, may be asccnded'by steamboats at low water, and how far at high, that must bo led for actual triftl to decide, I hope, therefore, the time, is not distant wjie'n an American steamor'will bo'sent to/make a complete and thorough examination as to this point, and to explore'that rich and interesting re gion of couqtry with a view to its commer cial resources, both present ahd prospec tive, In the present Btate of our information, we can judge as to the actual resources'of those several streams forjrade and traffic by comparing those as to which we arc in the dark with those which have been re- cently explored. As the type of the whole in this respect, therefore, I take the Tocantins. As you enter the southern mouth of the Amazon, the mputh of the Tocantins is the first but one that you pass. It travels more parallels of latitude than our Missis sippi does. But it is a straighter, and therefore not so long a river. It takes its rise in the provinces of Matto Grosso and Goyaz, and drains these fwo provinces with that of Para. This river lies wholly within Brazillian territory, and was explor ed down to port Barra by Castelnau in 1843-’44. From him, therefore, I derive my special information with regard to it: It drains a gold and diamond country, and is an exceedingly rich agricultural one. Its principal tributary is the Ara guay, which is a most noble stream. — Speaking of parts of the valley of the To cantins, in which he was, Castelnau says, “I believe that this rich and valuable coun try willbe found one of the most healthy in the world. The city of Goynz, with a population of seven or eight thousand, and the capital of its province, is situated on the Vermilbo, celebrated for its golden sands. This riv er is about twenty steps wide opposite ,tho city, and vessels from Para come up and mako fast to the bridge below. The dis tance thence in a straight line'to the mouth of the Amazon is rather under than over a thousand miles. The population of the whole province, more than two thirds ot which is in the valloy of the Tocantins, is 125,000, of which 25,000 are slaves. There is a number of flourishing towns and villages on the water-shed of this riv er. Among these is Salinas, which de rives its name from its salt works. Near by the salt lake of Salinas is the Lake of Pearls, surrounded by a beauti ful vegetation, and numerously inhabited by. aquatic birds. Nothing, says Castel nat, can give one “une idee de la beaute de cede jolie piece eTeau” Its waters are fresh, and it abounds with a shell-fish which contains the pearl. It was here that the vayageurs found j such a variety of rare and useful plants ; i among them one, the fruit of which is used to make ink, and it is an excellent substi tute for nut-galls 1 another was a kind of cane, the roots,of which make a yollow dye of the most exquisite hup. They ob tained, wild from the forest, all the colors with tvhiph they painted the Brnzillian flag that was hoisted during the descent of the Araguay, *ho principal tributary of the Tocantins, and far more beautiful than the belle rivere of the West. ' They use for tanning the bark of a tree, with which the raw hide is converted into leather in a month. They have two varieties of man ioc, of great beauty, which require little or |no labor in cultivation. It is propagated iby cuttings, or slips; so also is the sugar cane, which sends up from every joint a | dozen stalks, and gives a crop irt every eight months. The black bean, an essen tial article of food with the Brazilians, grows here in ! great perfection; it yields four crops a'year. Two kinds of beauti ful palms grow wild in the woods, which also furnish the natives with an abundant supply of wholesome food. There have beeii in this province as many; as one hundred thousand slaves era . ployed at one time in collecting gold i alonb. 1 1 Butas rich in mines as this province is, its soil with its t 3 much richer. It is well adapted to tho cultiva tion of cotton and coflee, sugar and to bacco, of Indian corn, rye, wheat, and oats, of rice, indigo; pdlse and potatoes, manioc, nuts, ipecacuanha, sarsaparilla, vanilla, anatto, balsam, India rubber/and a great variety of gums, spices, ornamen tal woods, roots; drugs, and dye stuffs. Tho of the river affords pastur age and support to numerous herds of cat tle and -horses; .Their waters abound in fish. 1 Cdstelnau saw dolphins sporting in them, 1 • Limestone and saltpetre caves, with salt lakes, add; beauties to the couptry, and vptfp;y, to its respurpett;also irpn mines .pboupd. , ■. . (i-.- . ' 1 ; mode of eiil.tiyation is. and ru inous. The scratch' the . earth ■With j a pipit, epw, and,at the epd .of,a few months, says Castelnau, reap one [pr two hundred fold, mWo pr; lpss, awpnilißg m ihpifprtility of- the soil nitd thp;pxcptfwt& of thpshaspn, ,: .4 r - ; !i;'!«/ lii&h nn' ■i Number 3. I Uuoiloa, SO 6018 tqairM 4;ni(alK'«i «ft* J 1351. | ,j 0 t oaltf do dmoniU. IjJ;,' < , M S ' do 18 mOjUIL • ? *} W. 1 iqoarM 8 nouhi, 8 bull halt coloins.Jnioo<n«.«{.t» . ■ do? enumihi.. .40011 do do iliaooih»,»ofr': ,do 18 moaihi. ;,7 00 t do do laioQnUu U OO? 8 • do .8 monrtb, ‘i< i 4 001 l columnB months, - Iw 1 do H month*. , i Sim do tf do , do !9 montw.Ji ■ 8 00|i do 19 do w®o A Üb®ratr*dnotlon wlllba mndk toMotohinti wbo advertise by the y«ar. ■ . . ’ . Oar ptparolroolatM ia every: lirm, by nearly every laml y to the county—and timaiore afford* a convohuntand cheap mean* Tor tka bhilnH* men ofonr county—the merchant. mech«mo,and all othen—tO extend' the knowledge of their location and baeinew - Wr eHOpId like to lotert^ACard" Tor every Mechaaiq, Mmbant.and ProfeatlOnal* man in the cotscty. We have plenty or room, witbontenoroaohipfcpoo onrreadlDS.colamng.aad:iomam In a legitimate bo*Tne«» will lota by advertliinjr axtea«ive)y— for, aia generalrole, the moreeiteniiTely,t mao axlrprUttk ■ tbofftenter ... ; BooKs, Jobs and Blanks : ■ OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, PRINTEDJIN THE VERT ! BEST STYLE, AND ON THE SHORTEST , NOTICE, AT TOE OFFICE OFTfIE ' “CLEARFIELD REPUBLICAN.** 1 Tho ordinary prices. are: for coffee 3}' cents the pound; seod : cotton 1 cent tho pound .{: whitesugar, 3 cents; tobacco 4 cents; beef cattle, §2 to S 3 the head ; tan- 1 nod hides, 65 cents a-piece; green ditto* 20 cents. ' ' The exports consist, of thdso, besides calf, kid, otter, and ounce skins, with oth* * er productions of the field, the forest, tho river, and the mine." The imports are of silk, wool, flax, and. cottpn, hats, salt, drugs, tocdU cities, crockery; wines, brandies, farming implements &c. The voyage up the river from Pnrit oc cupies about five months. : The upward freight,, is four dollars tho ono hundred, pounds ; the downward, one dollar-r-and the first steamer has yet to be seen upoti thismajestic stream. ' Here, then, is a river which enters the- Arpazon so near the sea. that the water el" its mouth is salt, and Brazil has not ihad the energy to put the first steamboat upon it. ’ - How, then, is it possible for her to trav*. el three thousand miles up tho mighty Amazon, and introduce tho steamboat up. on the waters of Peru, as she has endeav. ored to persuade the government ol Pern that she can 7 The crew ofione of those rude vessels that go polling up the Tocantins a 3 far as Porto Imperial-consists of from twenty to thirty men. They takedown, among (Ak er things, hides, which at Goyaz are worth fifty cents, and at Para sell for ono. dollar and fifty cents; and so of other- things. : The banks of this river are. said to ho inhabited in some parts by hostile Indians ; and this, it is said, is one of the its rude navigation. But the steamboat would certainly not have more to fear than these unwieldy hulks of Brazil as they go creeping along the coward shores, . There is a dozen other rivers emptying into tho , Amazon that drain water-sheds which ara no doubt ns rich and as fertile ns this. • ■ . Wo are entitled to infer, not only biy reference to the Tocantins as a type of them, but by reference to the quantity_of produce that goes ,to sea from the .Ama zon, that the volleys of its other tributaries ore not behind that of the Tocantins.— Produce enough comes down the Amazon to Para, to givo that city an annual trade of three millions of dollars! ' Bolivia sent last year from, her poll of this great water-shed two millions dollarf* worth of Peruvian bark alone. But.th&t went over tha mountains to the Pacifiq. The stoamboat, would have brought -it down the Amazon to the Atlaptio, : It would have brought business to Paca.,jßlld added greatly to,the wealth of Brazil and the prosperity of her people., It cer'ainly would be wisdom in Brant were she to not only the navigation of the Amazon free to.all the world, bqt it would bo politic to throw open to, foreign commerce and navigation the Tocantins nl* so, and all her other Amazonian tributar ies. , The value of the trade up and doom the Tocantins would bo increased many fold; the hostile Indians, which iqfest.ilv •banks and prevent their settlement, would bo driven away; and lands that ate now profitless, and , produco that is valueless,, would become profitable. . i ’ We admit the coffee of Brazil into,out ports duty fre9. We are her best customer and friend, and it is quite time that Brazil had signalized her appreciation of thiSipat* ronago and friendship by some sign.pr to ken at least that she too would be liberal in bor policy. Since the subjects of Brazil themselves haye pot judged itoxpedient to put asteam er on the Tocantins to go up after all tb'» coffep, and rice, and sugar, and tobacco, &0., it certainly would be wiso in her to permit citizens.of the United Statesj;or of France, or of England, to do it. They would gladly go up this river after this finP Goyuz coffee.; . Her subjects: then would receive double, the price thpy nqw.receive for. it, and ihe. rest .of ; their prod.uce.rr Those of thorn who are employed in trans porting this.merohjindiße in the sauiboued, by water and by - land would, then; find more profitable employment in the cultiva tion of the soil., Double .the, price of the [staples of. ft country, end you- not only double the price of labor, but. you. greatly I enhance the national wealth. Increase the substance of the subject, nnd, you in crease his power to pay taxes, and this,J imhgip o , *® what Brnzil wants. am , .But ,this: river Tocantins liea wholly within Brazilian territorysbeibas the right to., open it to the commerce ofthu world or.not, as she pleases; and herjiq tion with, regard to: it is no just cause, of Complaint or. offence tq any nation, ian ' Not so, however, when she keeps closed the Amazon, and endeavors,' because'she holds the mouth' of that river, t 6 shut it up, nnd to cut off those five Spaniah-Amer ican republics, Which own navigable trib utaries ’to it»‘ from cbmmcrce. With: the. world, and all ttye world from commerce/ withUh'em'. • 1 / ::A ; “ T / <i.vThere «t re i physical • agencies «r< Wtfrf , :(ipon. the ■' great i Atlantic f slopes ofBout) . iijpericd' 'irlP'th ; Will for 'prOvebj «