f rHE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL, JNO. S. MANN, A. AVERY, Editors COUDERSPORT, PA.: THURSDAY MORNING, APRILI9, 1855 TO SCHOOL TEACHERS, Wanted—an experienced female teacher to take charge ofa small sclitiol id Abbott town ship, Potter Co., Pa. Apply to FETED. YOCHAM, Cartee Canip P. 0., Potter Co Otit " Union Springs " friend has our thanks, and we presume will have the thanks of all our readers for his timely and profitable communi. cation. Eir lite learn from Mr. Pradt, our €fficient Cddnty Superintendent, who has just returned from the State Con- Vention, that there were about forty County Superintendents hi attendance, and that be thinks the meeting was a profitable one to all concerned. The Cause of, education is looking up 'in the Keystone State. I On Saturday last the Massa thuketts House of Representatives re quested the Governor to remove Judge Loring from office on aeCount of his hgency in sending • "Burns back to slavery. The vote on this motion was 207 for, and 111 against. Thus, step by step, does the North throw off the yoke of slavery. wt are glad to learn from a. private source, that Governor PolloCk is a most efficient friend of education, and that the State will take no step backward in this great movement while be is at the helm. We consider this most important neivspand• that it "settles" the question of' the County Superintendency, fur three years at least. tar A Convention of radical politi cal Abolitionists is to be held in Syra cure on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, the 26th, 27th, and 28th days of June next: The call for the Convention is signed by Lewis Tappan,. William Goodell, Gerrit Smith, S. S. Jocelyn, W. Ig: Whiting, J. McCune Smith, George -Whipple, and Freder ick Douglass.. Au. unfortunate break occurred in the balfiy of the new Court House on Sun lay afternoon last. The striking weight: of the Town Cluck, some eight hund:ied.pounds, broke loose and fell throng,h the frame-work placed under it fcr protection, breaking timbers, joirta, and everything that came in its way, till it struck the second floor, wlie reit stopped.. We are not able to say what damagelias been done, but att• compelled to admit that Town: Glotits are pretty expensive luxuries. Gir The reader will see in another column,- the anti•. License law, which. has just passed both branches of our Legislature, and received' the Gov ernor's signature. This is not such a lert as the friends of temperance de sired, but it is a long ,stride in the right direction, and is a• sure indica tion of that better day coming. We presume no one• will pretend that yilliam Bigler would have signed this bill• if he had unfortunately been elected', and hence we ask our friend ef tlie M'Kean Citizen to admit that something teas "settled" in favor of temperance by the last election. We hope every farmer in the toddy is preparing to raise his own protitions the present season. Don't depend on raising oats enough to buy your wheat and pork. So long as you do this, you will be subject to hard times. There is no difficulty in rais ing good crops- of corn and buckvrheat t and a fair crop- of spring wheat,.if you failed to sow winter wheat last fall, Make every acre of plow land produce something to live on, and peace and plenty will smile around your fireside. But neglect the pres- Cat golden opportunity, and want and buffeting will be very likely to follow. The privations of the past season bbould admonish all to make good use of that portion of the earth which is tinder their control. t ven the gar dens of Coudersport may be made to produce largely of the necessaries of life if. properly cultivated, and we think tiloir owners will be guilty of a vest wrong if they neglect to im wive. atimry Peit of ground at their 4-41,442 " SILVERY. IS SEITAIIIISITED WHERE IT. 18 NOT PBOBIBITEak" That is a truth- which- Jefferson and his associates well understood, and so they prohibited the existence of slave ry in the North-West Territory. At a late date it -was prohibited in ill Territory- north of 36 deg. 30 min. But the slavabolders, assisted by north ern doughfaees, procured the repeal of the prohibitory statute so far as it relates to 'Xansas and Nebraska, and now see the result. What was com menced in fraud is followed np• with the bowie knife and revolver. We gave our readers some time ago a letter from one Stringfellow, who seems to be the hired agent of Atchi son, which showed the true spirit of slavery. On the 24th of Marcll e ,this mouthpiece for the slaveholders held a meeting at St. Joseph, Mo., which is thus reported by a correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune I tell you," said he, "to mark every scouudrel among you that is the least tainted with Free-Soilism or. Abolitionism, and ex terminate him. Neither give nor take quar ter from the d—d rascals. I propose to dark them in this house, and on the present occa sion, so you Amay crush them out. To chose who have qualms of conscience as taviolating laws, State or national, the crisis has arrived when such impositions must be disrepirded, as your rights and property are ih danger; and I advise you one and all, to enter every Election District in. Kansas, in defiance of Reoder and his myrmidons, and vote at the point of the Bowie-knife and revolver. Nei ther give nor take quarter; as our cause de mands it. It is enough thut the slaveholding interest wills it, from whim there is no ap peal.. What right has Reeder to rule Mis sourians in Kansas? His proclsinatioa and prescribed oath must be repudiated. It is your interest to do so. Mind that Slavery is established where it is-not prohibited." Alter this ferocious monster got through instigating the violation of all law and order, urgiug frond and violence with bloodshed and murder, he was followed by four political bloodhounds, who breathed nothing but vio lence and destruction to every one who would not sustain the almighty cause of Slavery, They demanded the suppression of the free dom of speech and press all over ,he Union, They not only want all blacks to be made slaves, bat all poor white folks. If they can not obtain their infernal dein-wads, they .de . - dare for a dissolution of the Uuion—the soon er the better. ThC North, they said, was but a curse to them at best, awl the sooner they got rid of the North the better. They dis carded the Declaration of Independence as a great humbug, and Free States as a curse to any people. The rights of man commenced when the first slaves were manacled in the chides of Slavery, and those rights they were determined to maintain with their blood. WHERE STAND THE FREE-SOILERSI —We do not wish to take any improper liber ties with the Free 7 Soilers, but we trust we may presume so far as to inquire of them whether they consider themselves an element of Know-Nothingism, without incurring the charge of rudeness. Inasmuch as the Know Nothings are endeavoring to nationalize their party by a connection with the pro-slavery men of the South, we think the at this time is very pertinent. and we should like an unequivocal answer. It is impossible to tell what slr:pe tho parties of the country may assume within the next six months ; but sup pose that circumstances should arise which would compel the democracy to assume a posi tion hostile to the admission of any more slave states, while the Know-Nothings, for the sake of nationality, should league firmly with the South—where, then, would the Free , Soilers stand?—Harrisburg Union. Senator WILSON, of Massachusetts, has answered that question for the Free-Soilers, who are supposed to favor the Know-Nothing movement, in a way tha't "-he who runs may read." Free-Soil men are governed by prin ciples, not "circumstances," and they will always be found opposing the admission of any more slave States, no matter what position the sham de mocracy may be compelled to assume. We never doubted the hollowness of the Union's professions of friendship for its Southern allies; but we confess to some surprise at this open procla mation of their willingness to advocate any principles as soon as " cirmum stances" shall indicate which is the strongest side. What a,patriotic set of men these Union-savers are! We have a class of men hereabouts, who control the party in this county, equally anxious to join the "People's Party," no mat ter what the principles of that party may be. Such is patent democracy the world over. Ur There is a fine flood in the Allegany, and we hear favorable ac counts from all sections of the success of our lumbermen in getting off with their lumber. lar . The Teachers' Institute was organized on Tuesday morning with eighteen teachers in attendance, which under the circumstances is quite as favorable as we expected. We hope the exercises will be found so profit able to those in 'attendance that the next Institute will secure'the attend ance of every Teacher in the county. rar A Bible and a good newspaper in every house, a good school in every district, and a Christian church in every neighborhood, and all appre ciated as they should be, are the sure support of virtue, morality, civil lib erty, and pure religion. EUROPEAN NEWS The . death of Nicholls has • made no change in the war movements of Rus sia. The Vienna Conference hasmade. but Hull!: progress, and there * is noth ing of 4 importanee to communicate, but the following from the Tribune of the 14th, will give in few words the present state of affairs abroad: The America reached Halifax on Thursday night with three days' later advices from Eu rope than those of the Washington. Vienna is now the_point of attraction; and attention was wholly concentrated upon the Confer ence, which is represented as being in great difficulty upon the All important Third Point —9O much so, indeed, that, althriugh the de mands of the Allies bad been much modified, the Russian Plenipotentiary had referred the matter to St:Petersburg, and nothing further could be done until a reply was received. The French Minister of Foreign Affairs had also been in London, to confer with the Eng lish Cabinet upon the question. Affairs in the Crimea had undergone no change. Let ters from there report the British. army as much improved. The Russians continue to strengthen their works. They are in stiong force near Eupaturia. Night-skirmishes be tween.the French and Russian riflemen con tinue, without deeided advantage to either side. The treaty between Turkey and Sar dinia is signed. The Sardinian Convention has eccupied the attention of Parliament, and it is stated that England is to borrow money at five per cent. and lend to Sardinia at four. Parliament was about to adjourn over the Easter season, meeting again on the 16th inst. Mr. Roebuck's Committee is still at work. The latest news fr(ln Spain is called satisfac tory. The Vienna papers state that Spain and Portugal acceded to the Western Alli ance, and signed the treaty at Paris on the 21st of March,. but this statement is not con firmed. The difficulty between Austria and • Prussia is increasing. From China we learn that the French had again attacked Shanghai, but were repulsed by the insurgents. Report says that theiusurgents around Canton had taken the Tiger Fort and plundered the sur rounding villages. A SPARK OF MARLENESS AT LAST The Harrisburg Union, a pro-slave ry, Douglas defending paper, in view of the anticipated desertion of the Virginians, is letting its readers see a stray fact now and then in relation to the encroachments of the Slave Power.. Here is one taken from- the Union of the rith:. From the accounts which have reached us of the late election for members of the terri torial assembly, we learn two important facts; Ist, that the pro-slavery party hav'e-succeeded in every district by large majorities; 2d, that the Atchi,on scheme of temporary coloniza tion from Missouri, which we, at first, con sidered too monstrous 'for belief, was effect ually carried into - operation, thus giving the control of the election to non-residents, thou -1 sands of whom have since returned to their homes in Missouri. When we charact, rize this as an infamous outrage, we use the mild est terms we can tit:tak of to convey out meaning. W,e hope. our readers will weigh well the full extent of this sorry con fession. The Nebraska Kansas bill is bearing its legitimate fruit. It was passed in defiance of the public will, and it is not to be expected that a bill matured and enacted in fraud will produce anything but "infamous out rages." And now, what is the rem edy 1 Why, _ simply undo the first wrong. Prohibit by act. of Congress, the existence of slavery in any Terri tory of the United Slates. DIFFICITLTIES WITH SPAIN'. Most of our readers' are awate that the mon who rule this nation, the slaveholders, have determined to have Cuba, and that they are not over nice in the means by which that object shall be accomplished. The Admin istration offered Spain one hundred and tweniy millions of dollars for this coveted Island , . Spain replied, she did hot wish to sell. Then our min ister hinted that some of our Southern friends considered the safety of this nation required the possession of Cuba , and we would have it,—to which Spain made the sam — C...reply. Our minister came home, and now, . the administration, having ruined itself with the people on the Nebraska bill, is trying to find an excuse for making war on the Spanish authorities in the Island. The latest pretext for a war with Spain is the fact that a Spanish corn; mander brought one of our merchant vessels to, until her character was ascertained, when she went on her way unmolested. _The administration, in, order to divert the attention of the Noithern people from the Nebraska outrage, insists that this is a gross insult and a sufficient cause of war. The law of i 'Nations, applicable to this point, is well stated bytbe N. Y: Tribune, as followe: On the pretext under which it is all feigned to be done, we have on pre vious occasions commented. The as sertion that Spain has outraged and insulted our flag, is a lying subterfuge. And all the special pleading now put forth to show that our maritime rights have been invaded, is but so much rhetorical gas let on• to illuminate a freebooting descent upon the coveted island. But we will once more advert tothe ground we havealready touched upon respecting the police of the seas; of which the enforcement in a - limited: degree by Spain, is now made the , occasion for the fillibustering demon stration in question. No-writer or statesman of intellect and reputation - has _gone any further on the claim of the exemption of our vessels from the right o search and visitation of foreign ships-of-war than Mr. Webster did, in his celebrated disquisitions on maritime rights, in his letters to Lord Ashburton - and Mr. Everett. Indeed; he went to the extreme t length .of denying in toto the right of Searching and of visiting our vessels on the high seas, of the "ships of foreign Powers. He claimed that the right of visit, was not defined, or at least established, as in any respect different from the right of search; and that in denying the right of one, we necessarily denied the right of the other. Mr. Webster's doctrine, though popular at home, and .perhaps just and sound. is, and always was, contro verted. Great Britain, while she . re linquished the right of search in the memorable correspondence referred to, insisted to the last upon the right of visitation, for the purpose of deter mining the nationality of the vessel examined. And this right, Lord Ash burton conceded in terms, so far as British ships were concerned. But while Mr. Webster dins went . to . the extreme length of the doctrine that every regularly documented Amer ican ship was a part of the soil of the country, over . which no power on "earth had any, claim or jurisdiction, or any right to enter, While she was -upon the high.-seas, he nevertheless made, an exception. He declared that no right to visit exists, except where the vessel is justly suspected of violating revenue laws, or the law of nations, by piratical aggression. Thus the, most stringent rule of exemp tion is brought down to this, that no foreign 'ship-of-war can visit a ship tinder the American flag, unless she is a suspected vessel. Where a . vessel is suspected- and visited, but the sus picion is found to be without founda tion, then it is no invasion. of rights, but a case of involuntary trespass. It is an injury by mistake, and not an injury by design, and is to be meas . ured solely by the damages arising from detention or otherwise. But for such cases, public law has no rule r and this Mr. Webster distinctly admits. Upon the highest ground, then, that can be taken on the question of mari time rights, we have no cause for com plaint against Spain while she is engaged in examining vessels sus pected of piratical objects approach- inn , a her shores. We thus come back under the lights of the strictest legal construction _of our maritime rights, the most jealous assertion of our claims, to the ground dictated by common sense in this matter. Clearly, a police of the seas is a mockery and a .sham, unless the authority exists to examine suspected vessels on the high seas. Especially must this bo admitted un der the circumstances in which Spain has visited the few American vessels approaching the coast of Cuba' that have been overhauled by her cruisers. A HERCULEAN TASK.—In the Louis ville Journal we find an account of the late Cincinnati Slave - Case, in which the closing paragraph reads thus: " Mr. Pendery was very severe in hiS am madvcrsions upon the conduct of parties in respect to this case in ether courts, and de clared .his determination to assert and main. , min the authority and dignity of his court." Do,' good Pendery. But you will never get people to respect .your "court," as you call your paltry ten dollar slave-catching concern: You may get the gOvernment to maintain its authority, but as to its dignity, the less said about that the better. Never, until human nature is essentially changed for the worse, can the busi ness of hunting men and women be come dignified. It is the lowest of all earthly employments, 'and the most debasing.—Pittsburg Gazette. The Olean Journal states that the raftsmen are busily employed all along the Allegheny river in ,getting their lumber ready for the lower market. None went down last fall, and the ac cumulated stock of two seasons is con sequently on hand. Immense quan tities will of course be run. The improved and improving condition of money matters indicates a prosperous season for the lumbermen, and easier times at home. OP". The strength of the passions w.ill never be accepted as an l excuse fur complying with them; they were designed for subjection; and if a man suffers them to get the upper hand, he then betrays the .liberty of his own soul." Now is "sugaring time" in Vermont, and the Vermonters are full of work and sport. The amount of sugar an nually made in that state is 6, 000, 000 lbs., worth 8650, 000. "John, how does the thermometer stand?" "Against the wall, dad." "I mean how is the mercury?" "I. guess it's pretty well, dad; it hasn't complained lately." "You little rascal, is it- cold 1 6. than yesterday?" "I don't know, dad, I'll go out and feel." Correspondesco of the JOIIIII.IIL THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 'Our Savior once asked his disciples this question " Can ye not discern the signs of the times 1" As much as to say, Can ye not discern, by the moral manifestation of the times, that man, as. a social and moral being, is passing on to a higher level—to a better con- _ And is not that question dition ? applicable to the present day? Are there not indications that a brighter day is about to dawn upon the world, in the progress of which, a better state of society shall exist than the present; when there shall be more love, and harmony, and good will among mankind; when human rights shall be be better understood andre spected than they now are; when the great law of brotherhood shall be practically demonstrated by the fra ternal greetings of all classes of man kind! Such to my mind, are the in dications. Look at the facilities for social and national intercourse, and the eagerness with which those facili ties are being employed in bringing the people of distant countries to gether„ forming acquaintances and es tablishing friendships, which must in evitably soften down the asperities and jealousies of human character, which are the fruitful sources of hatred strife, and war. The more mankind commingle together, the more they will realize and feel their common 'frailties and their' common 'interest. They will thin become interested in, and sympathize with, each .other; and instead.of seeking to crush and de stroy, they will seek to. relieve and elevate each - other. Knowledge and virtue will thus be contrasted with ignorance and vice; and as knowledge and virtue are stronger than ignorance and vice, the latter must yield to the former, and society as a, whole be im proved. Need we, as a country, trem ble when the foreigner leaps upon our shores, with all his ignorance and superstition, as though he were able to reverse the progressive order of things, and drag us, nationally, down to his low position, instead of our bringing him up to our higher condi tion? If virtue, intelligence, and knowledge are power, have we not as a nation altogether the advantage 1 If we but oppose truth to error, intel ligence to ignorance, freedom to 'ty ranny, virtue to vice, we have nothing to fear. But to oppose ignorance with error, despotism by tyranny, bigotry and superstition by intolerance and proscription, is but the sure way to build up that which every true friend of, social and civil liberty—every true friend of an enlightened and elevating religion, would gladly . see pulled down. The free intercourse which is now characteristic of the whole world of mankind, by . which opposing sys tems of social, political, and religious life are brought together arni con e fronted, betokens the time when "er ror, wounded, writhes in pain, ,and ifi'es amid her worshipers."' 'Another favorable sign ofthe times is the struggle for Human Liberty which seems to disturb all parts of, the earth. There seems to be a sentiment, very mitensive,. and still growing wider and deeper, that man is endowed by his Creator .with certain inalienable rights, among which is the right to be free—to think . and act for one's. self without the dictation of another—the right to develop and appropriate to the best advantage, , all those resources which dignify 'one with the character istics of manhood. Trim ideas of human rights are entering the minds of the oppressed themselves, from whose minds it has been studiously endeav ored to shut out the light and spirit of Liberty. The fire is burning deep in the human breast, notwithstanding the efforts made to smother it by ignorance and arbitrary power,. It 'breaks out occasionally, to show, the world that Liberty is an inextinguishable ,fire, being a natural desire of the human heart. This spirit of Freedom, : and Justice, and Right is outgrowing the old despotic forms of government all over the world, and thrones totter to .their bases; monarchs wield not the absolute power that they once, did. 'Where is the government, either in the-Old World, or the New, that is 'free from - commotion -in relation to Freedom? The Czar . and - the Sultan, as well as all the crowned heads of Europe, tremble before this rising spirit of Liberty, which occasionally, like volcanic fire, bursts forth Among their oppressed and disgusted subjects' If the desire of Liberty in its infancy can so distract. despots, what will it riot do when grown to manhood ? Even in our own country, oppres. sion has kindled a fire that threatens to sever either the bonds of the Union, or the bonds of the enslaved. N o government is strong enough to keep in check forever this rising- spirit of Freedom, and trample indignantly and unrebuked upon the natural rights of . man. There i$ a certain degree of tension which every cord will bear, but strained beyond that snaps asunder. And the signs of -the times would seem to indicate that in many countries, •oppression and tyranny, both ecclesiastical and civil, have both been strained to their utmost capacity —strand after strand is even now giving way, and may We not hope that soon the whole cable will be parted, never again to be united? It is true, that iu our own counlry the Oppres sor's chain seems possessed with a wonderful degree of toughness. But there are indications that its tenacity must yield—that it must either break , asunder, or else unwind its loathsome- - coils from-human That deep-seated feeling of hatred to oppression, which is working like leaven in the better feelings of the masses,. all tlifough the country, b e : tokens the appioach ofFreedom's morn Like the tramp of an invading army the murmurings of Freedom and Jus tice-loving .souls are pointing with unerring certainty to the triumphant .conflict between Truth and Error, Right and Wrong, Liberty and Op pression. The friends of God and Man are increasing in numbers and resources. The unyielding firmness • with which they surmount difficulties and rise above discouragements, is prophetic of certain victory. When we see this truth, "Whatsoever ye . would that men- 'should do to you ; do ye even so to them." sinking deeper - and deeper, as seems to be the case, into the public mind; when it begins to fasten npon the public conscience, we may be sure -that a force is at work which no -human arm can sue rcessfully oppose. What means this agitation, this disquiet, this resistance of wrong, that rocks the- whole coun try, from the Atlantic to the Pacific The Northern conscience is ap parently yet alive; and is not this an indication that the time approaches when the oppressed shall . go free! Certainly it is, unless God is detlit oned, and the world given up to the cot trol and" government of der-dons., There is a growing sentiment of hostility to wrong and oppression, that will ere long burst forth into a flame which will overwhelm and consume everything that is opposed .to the natural- rights of man. All the best sympathies- and feelings of the human -heart, are desiring such an event. And these feelings and sympathies are prompted by a power which holds the destinies of - the world. Hence the hope of ultimate success. . Another cheering sign of the• times is seen in •the progress of the Tem perance reform, which, like an angel of mercy,- is planting her standard upon the bleeding form of humanity, and staunching rivers of blood with her garments. of love. Temperance has made his advent; - so we have seen his star in the East, illuminating the darkness of night, and shedding its brightness upon thousands who sat in darkness, and in the region and shadow of death.. The wise men of the East and the West are following its light, with the offerings of devoted hearts and consecrated lives, to lay them at the feet of this redeemer of the world. Maine has hung out the ban ner ; other States are following her example.- New York has just nailed her colors - to the mat—and thhs is heralded the dawn of a 1 brighter day. In view of all these things, what should be the action of every indi vidual ? Will any one remain indif ferent or inactive in the world's moral conflict, as though he were doubtful and cared - but little on which side the victory should turn? Let us, remem ber that no one is without influence , be it more or less; and the important question is, in which scale shall that influence be cast. Human progress , social, moral, and religious, has been , and still will be effected, if effected at all, by human effori. Every advance the world -has ever m:-de, has been accomplished by this means. This is
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