G VOL. VII THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. 1 - 111.1S111:11 EVERY VTIII.I.IIC MORNING, BY HASEV.T.T. 60 AVERY. Terms—lnvariably-1u Advance: One copy pm . annum, $l.OO Village subscribers, 125 TERMS 01' AD.VERTISI 1 square, of 1:.?. lilies or insertion, $1151) " •• " •• I eriwns, 1.50 cv , . , ry sith , egnent in4ertion, .2:i I. Cz• :Ind tigure •t% urk, pt.! . , q., 3 in-ertton 4. ::.01) !.... er, ~11,, e quent in.:ertietr, .7:0 I co:,ttnit, one ccar. Q.:..01 1 I co.untn, •Ix• ntontlt. , , 1:',.0U • ,1.., o:ott.t, ,-u inutnit-, '7.00 - A t talon. three month:, 5.04 V1111:1114(.11011. Or !txt.cator.4 . N o licp., / . 1 I) 71-. , •1 ill, Sa!e , • pet tract, 1...",0 I , r „f,„ion•il Cant: not ('kceelting eight Into: ,rl,l 1.3 r $l.OO rr :111tottn 7 ,' Ili letter , tot lot-itte ,,, , to so,nr.. :V -- nzion, ,mould to. addre-,ed ~11,1 paid ) to :•.... l'ohli•lo.rs. E.'-'.10.13r 33111 Speech oE lIONTHARLES SUMNER or M ts&• %curs': r IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, .Vridgfd The Senate ha\ iu, wider cousid t!ration the ru.ition to refer to ilie Cum- Judiciary the petiti,ol from t.wentv-iiiiie hundred i'itizens of :\ 1 as praying fol the repwal ut Ole Fugitive Slari• Bill— Mr. Si-.Nrcrii Mr. i've,idt../t: dote I had the i:nor of addressiinz the Senate two ago, various Senators have silo iout. Among thes,-, several have al -11 !e l to me in term, clearly beyond - of parliamentary deb:lto. makt• uo conTlaint. thottoh. r-r the honor of the Senate at least, it wen , %%ell that it were otherwise. If to :11(.111 it 60,:111. fit, c.)lllt.CUlit , , par- EMI —" to unpack the heart with words, . And f,ll a enr , ing, like a'Nery drab, A scullion, - I will not interfere with the enjoyment. which-thoy find in such exposures of thein,elvo , .. They have certainly given 11, a ta,te of their characters. Two of thorn, the Stinator from South Caro lina. jMr. Butlerd- who sit, inunedi ateiy butiato me, and the Sonator from [M r . Ma-ion,l who sits inono- It'atolv behind. ni.!, are not youutg. They did not speak from any ebullition of youth, but from the cfmtirmed tem per of age. It is melancholy to be lieve that, in this debate, they showed themselves as they are. It were char itable to believe that they arc in real ity better than they showed themselves. I think, sir, that 1 am not the only person ‘..;n this floor, who, in lately li-toning to these two self-confident champions of the, peculiar fanaticism of the South, was reminded of the striking words of Jefferson, picturing the influence of Slavery, where he says, "The whole commerce between -In:aster and slave is a perpetual exer ci,e of the most unremitting despotism on the one part; and degrading sob mission on the other. Our children se e this, and learn to imitate it; for man is an imitative animal. -The par ( at storms. The child looks on, catches t'i.e lineaments of wrath, puts on the .atne airs in the circle of smaller dares, gives loose to his worst passions, and, thus nursed, educated; and daily exercised in tyranny, cannot but be stamped by it with odious peculiari ties. The man niust be a prodigy who can retain his manners and morals undepraved by such circumstances." Nobody who witnessed the Senator from youth Carolina, or the Senator from Virginia, in this debate, will place either of them among the "pro digies" described by Jefferson. As they ;poke, the Senate Chamber must have -seemed, in the characteristic fantasy of the moment, a plantation well stocked with slaves, over which the lash of the overseer -had free wing. Sir, it gives me no pleasure to say these thing`. It is not accord ina to my nature. Bear witness, that• I do it only in just self-defense against the unprecedented assaults and provo cations o f thi s debate. It' Senators expect, by any ardor of menace, or by any tyrannical frown, to shake my fixed ic'selve, they expect a vain thing. There was, perhaps. little that fell fr,m these two champions, as the fit la.s on, which deserves reply. Cer 'T.inly not the hard words they used e readily and cono-enially. The vet eran Senator from Virginia [Mr. Ma - . \ complained that I had character- Ized one of his "constituents," a per 6'wa who went all the way from nginia in pursuit of a slave, as a Slave-Hunter. Sir, I choose to call things by their right names. White I call white, ant black 1 call black. And where a person degrades himself to the work of chasing a fellow-man, who, under the inspiration of freedom and the guidance of the north star, has sought a freeman's home far away from the collie and chain, that per TH.E - '.:',''' N,.-0 '''L:;.:S •-•:::j1 UltN AL sou, whomsoever he may be, I call a Slave-Hunter. If the Senator from Virginia, who professes nicety of speech, will give the any term which morelprecisely describes ►uch a per son, .1 shall use it. Until then I shall continue to use the language which seems to me so apt. But this very t , ensibility of the veteran Senator at a just term, which truly depicts an odi ous character, shows a shame in which I exult. It is said by one of the phi lo,ophers of antiquity, that a blush is of virtne; and permit me. to add, that in olds violent sensibility, 1 recognize a blush mantling the cheek of the Senator, which even his planta tion manners - cannot conceal. And the venerable Senator from Sunili Carolina, too. [Mr. Butler] lie I,r•tr;:vvii hisseu.siirlity. Here let v that this Senator knows well that I „Iwas listen with peculiar plea sure to his racy and exuberant speech.- it gore lea forth—sometimes duc t tired by geaer.ms ideas—except when, ,rgt Ifni of history. and in defiance of reason, he undertakes to defend that which is obviously indefensible: This Sonat‘u was disturbed, when t o hi s inquiry. peisonally, pointedly. and velf,ntently addressed to me, whether I would join in , returning a fella «' manto•-Lavcry, teslavcrY, I exclaimed, "Is thy ser vant a dog, that he should do this thing f" In fitful phrases, which seemed to come filen the unconscious eXeiti•lllollt so COIIITIIOII with the Sena— tor, he shot ihrth various remarks al)(on. "dugs:" and among other things, asked if there was any "dog " in the Constitution. The Senator did not seem to bear in mind, through_ the heavy currents of that moment, that, by the false interpretation he has given to the Constitution, he has helped to nurture there a whole kennel of C:irolina bloodhounds; trained . , with savage jaws and inexorable scent, for the hunt of flying bond men. No, sir. I do not believe that there is any "ken nel of hloodhounds," or even any "dog." in the Constitution of tide United States. But, Mr. President, since the brief response which I made to the inquiry of the Senator, and which leaped un consciously from my lips, has drawn upon me various attacks, all marked by grossness of language and manner; since 1 am charged witli opetily de claring my purpose to violate the Con stitution, and to break the oath which I have taken at that desk, I shall be pardoned for showing simply how a few plain words put all this down. The authentic report in the Globe slfoWs what was actually said. The report in the ,Sentinel is substantially the same; and one of the New-York papers, which has been put into my hands since I entered the Senate chamber to-day; under its telegraphic head, states the incident with substan tial accuracy, though it omits the per sonal, individual appeal addressed to me by the Senator, and which is pre served in the Globe. Here is the New-York report.: " Mr. BUTLER. I would like to ask the Senator, if Congress repealed the Fugitive Slave Law, would Massa chusetts execute the constitutional re quirements, - and send back to the South the absconding slaves?" "Mr. SUMNER. DO you ask if I would send back a slave ISEZEINZIE " Mr: SV!SINER. 'ls thy servant a dog, that he should do this thing?' " To any candid mind, either of these . reports renders anything further su perfluous. But the Senators who have been so swift in misrepresentation de serve to be exposed,. and it shall he done. Now, sir, I begin by adopting as my guide the authoritative words of An drew Jackson, in his memorable veto, in 1832, of the Bank of the United States. To his course, at that critical time. were opposed the authority of the Supreme Court and his oath. lo sup port the Constitution. Here is his tri umphant reply : •• If the opinion of the Supreme Court coy.. era the whole ground of this act, it ought not to control ; the coordinate authorities of this Government. The Congress, the Executive, and the Court, must each by itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution. Each public officer, who takes an oath to support the Constitution, swears that he will support it as he understands it, and not as it is understood by others. It is as much the duty of the House of Representatives, of the Senate, and of' the President, ta,decide upon the constitutionality of any bill or 'resolution which may be pre sented to them for passage or approval, as it is of the supreme judges when it may be brought before them for judicial decision. The au thority of the .Supreme Court must not, there fore, be permitted to control the Congress or the Executive, when acting in their legislative capacities, but to, have only such influence as the force of their reasoning may deserve.". Mark theie words—let them sink into your minds. "Each public of ficer, who takes an oath to support the Constitution, ayiws that he will sup port it as he understands it, and not as it is .understood by .others." Yes, sir, AS HE UNDERSTANDS IT, and not as it is understood by others. Does any DEVOTED TO THE PRINCIPLES 01 , DEMOCRACY, AND THE DISSEMINATION OF MORALITY LITERATURE, AND NEWS COUDERSpORT, POTTER ,COUNTY, PA:, AUGUST 4 t 1854. Senator here dissent from this- rule? Does the Senator from South Caro lina? [Here Mr. SrMSER paused, but there was no reply.] At all events, I accept the rule as just and reasonable; in harmony, too; let me assert, with that liberty which scorns the dogma of passive obedience, and asserts -the inestimable right of private judgment, whether iu religion or folitics. In swearing to support the Constitution at your desk, Mr. President, I did not swear to"support it as you understand it. Oh, no, sir. Or as the Senator from Virginia understands ,it. Or as the Senator from South Carolina tin . - derstands it, with a kennel of blood hounds; or, at least, a "dog" in it. "pawing to get free its hinder part;," in puninit of a slave. No such thing. 1 swore to support the Constitution as / understand it; true 11101'C, nor less. how, I will not occupy • your time, nor am I so disposed at this moment; nor does the occasion require it, by entering upon any minute enitia:,in of the clause in.theCunstitution touching the surrender of "fugitiVes from -la bor." A few words only are needful., Assuming, sir. in the face of command inr rules of interpretation . , all leaning to..vards freedom, that in the evasive language of this clause, paltering in a double sense. the words employed can he judicially regarded as justly applicable to fugitive slaves, which..as you ought to know, sir, - is often most strenuously and con,icieutiously denied, thus sponging the whole clause out of existence., except as a provision • for the return of persons actually bound in contract, but on I now express no opinion; assuming, I say, this interpretation, so .hostile to free dom, and derogatory to the members of the Federal .Convention; who sol emnly declared that they would not yield any sanction to . slavery, or ad mit--into the Constitution the idea of property in man; assuming, I repeat, an interpretation which every princi ple of the common law, claimed by out father's as their birthright, must disown; admitting, for the moment only, and with shame, that the Con stitution of the United States has any words, which in any legal intendment, can constrain fugitive slaves, then I. desire to say, that, as I understand the Constitution, this clause does not impose upon me, as a Senator and a citizen, any obligation to take part directly or. indirectly, in the surrender of a fugttive slave. • Sir, as a Senator, I - have taken at your desk the oath to support the Constitution as I understand it. And understanding it as I do, I am bound by that-oath, Mr. President, to oppose all enactments by C.ongress i on the subject of fugitive slaves, as a flagrant violation -of the Constitution; espe cially must I oppose the last act as a tyrannical usurpation ; kindred in char acter to the Stamp Act, which our fathers indignantly refused to obey. Here my duties, under the oath which I have taken as a Senator encl. There is nothing beyond. They are all ab s Orbed in the constant, inflexible, righteous obligation to oppose every exercise by Congress of any power over the subject, In no respect by that oath, can I be constrained to duties in other capacities, or as a simple citizen, especially when revolting to my conscience. Now, in this inter pretation of the constitution I may be wrong; others may differ from me; the Senator from Virginia may differ from me, and the Senator from South Carolina also ; and they will, each and all, act according to their respective understandings. For myself, I shall act according to mine. On this ex plicit statement of my. constitutional obligatiOns, I stand, as upon a rock, and - to the inquiry, in whatever form addressed to my personal responsibil ity, whether I would aid directly or indirectly, in reducing-or surrender ing a fellow man to bondage, I reply again: "Is thy servant a dog that he - should do this thing." • Mr: Sumner then expressed the opinioti that not a single senator would stoop to so low a business as catching slaves. lie keen ly reminded the senators of South Carolina and Virginia that any complaint of non-per formance of constitutional obligations against other states comes with an ill grace from those states which had so ofien annulled the laws of Congress and the provisions of the constitu tion. He referred to the Charleston Post Master, who in 1839 suppressed all papers and publications coming to that office, which he deemed obnoxious to slavery, in utter violation of law. He called their attention to the mob who drove Judge Hoar, the commissioned agent of Massachusetts,out of Charleston, in 1646, who was sent there for the purpose of protecting, legally, the rights of the citizens of Massachusetts, and that the legislature .of South Carolina sanctioned the shameless, lawless act. Mr. Butler in a previous speech, said that Massachusetts, and other Northern states had been slaveholding at the Revolution, and that our Independence was achieved by a slave• holding community. Mr. Sumner said: The Senator opens a page, which I would willingly. present. Sir, Slave ry never flourished in Massachusetts; nor did it ever prevail there at any time, even in early colonial - days, to such a degree as to be a distinctive feature In her powerful civilazation. Her few :slaves were merely for l a term of years or for life. • If in point I of fact, their issue etas Soinetimes held. in bondage, it was never by sanction of any statute Law of Colony or Com- Monwealth. (Loiiesboro rs. IFestjield, 16 Mass., 7-1.) In all her annals no person was ever born a slave on the soil of Massachusetts. This of itself is a response to the imputation of-the ISenator. benign gaol brilliant . act of her Legislature, as fin• back as 1616, shows -her -sensibility on this subject. A Boston ship had brought home two negroes seized on the coast of Guinea. Thus spoke Massachusetts: "The General Court; conceivinp• themselves bound. by the first oppor tunity to bear• witness against the heinous and crying sin of man-stealiyg, al_•u to prescribe such timely redress fur v, but is past, and such a law for the Mitre as may sViciently deter all those belonging to us, to hare to Jo in such rile an d o di ous conduct, justly abhorred (2/all - good and just men, du order that the negro interpr&ter, with others un lawfully taken, be, by the first oppor tunity, at the charge of the county', ibr the present, sent to his native country Of Guinea, and a fetter with him of the indignation of the Gourt, thereabout and justice thereof:" The Colony that could i , suo this noble decree was . inconsistent with itself; when it allowed its rocky faCe to -be pres' , ed by the tbotstep-s - of a sin gle slave. But. a righteous public opinion early and constantly :et its Etre a -ainst SlaVery. As early as 1701 a vote was entered Upon the rec ords of Boston to the following effect ; "The litTre.s,entative3 are desired to promote the encouraging the bringing of white servants, and to put a period io netrroc,, being slaiw." Perhaps in all history this is the earliest testi mony f any ofliciul body agaiwst negro Slayeiy, and I thank God that it came . from Boston, my native town. In 1705 a heavy duty Was imposed upon every- negro imported into the province; in,1712 the importation of Indians as servants,' or slaves was strictly forbidden_; but the general subject of Slavery attracted little at tention till- the beginning of the con troversy which ended in theßevolu tion; when the, rights of the blacks were blended by all true patriots with those of the whites. Spafing all un necessary details, suffice it to say, that, as early as 1769, one of the courts of Massachusetts, anticipating, by several . years, the renowned judgment in Sum ersett's .case, established within it's jurisdiCtion the principle of emanci pation; and underits touch of magic . I power, changed a slave into a freeman. Similar decisions fidlonfird in other places. In 1776„ the whole number of blacks, both free and slave, sprinkled thinly over "hardy" Massachusetts, was five thousand two hundred and forty-nine, being to the whites as one is to sixty-five; while in "slavehold, ing" South Carolina the number of negro slaves at that time, was not far from one hundred thousand, being nearly - one slave for every freeman, thus - rendering the colony anything ,but "hardy." At -last, in 17S0, even before the triumph of Yorktown had led the way to that peaCe which set its seal upon our ; National Indepen dence, Massachusetts, animated by struggles of the ReVolution, and 'filled. by the sentiments of freedom, placed on the • front of her Bill of Rights the emphatic words that " all men are born free and equal," and by this dec laration. exterminated every vestige of Slavery within her borders. All hail,. then, - to Massachusetts, the just and - generous 'Commonwealth in whose be half I have thelionor to speak. Thus, sir, does the venerable Sena tor err when he presumes to vouch, Massachusetts for Slavery, and to as-, sOciate this odious institution with the, name of her great patriots. • Mr. Rockwell here read a passage of Graham's History of the 'United* States, confirming Mr. Sumner's state- • ment. Mr. Butler next interrupted Mr. Sumner, and attempted to equiv ocate, but Mr. Sumner held him fast. and continued : • God forbid that I should do injustice to South Carolina. I know the gal lantry of many of her sons. -I know . the response which she 'made to the appeal of Boston for union against the: Stamp Act—the fugitive - slave act of that day—by the pen of Christopher Gadsden. And - I remember with sor-, row that this patriot was obliged-to confess, at the time, her "weakness in having such a number of slaves," though 'it is to his. credit that hb rec ognized slavery . as a "crime." (Ban- Croft's History of the United States, - vol. 5, page 426.) I have no pleasure in dwelling on 'the humiliations of South Carolina ;. I do . not desire to: expose her sores; I Would not lay .Dare her nakedness. But the Senator, in his vaunt for "slaveholdimr ''' •COMllTU nities,r has made a claim for slavery which is so inconsistent with history, and so derogatory to freedom, that I 'cannot allow it to pass unanswered. This, sir, is not the first time, even during niv short experience here, that the same claim.has been made on this floor; and this seems More astonish ing, because the archives of the coun try furnish such ample mid undoubted materials for its refutation. • The ques tions of the comparative contributions of men of different States and sections of the country in the war of the Rev .olutiOn, was brought forward as eatly as 17.90 in the first Congress under the Constitution, in - the animated and pratracted debate on the assumption 6f the State debts by the Union. On this occasion Fisher :Ames, a Repre- . sentative froth Massachusetts, mento r rattle fur his clas.4c eloquence, moved for a call upon the War Department for the number of me' furnished by each State to the Revblittionary armies. - This mutiim,4 though vehemently op posed, was carried by a small, mapr - - Shortly - itfterwards, the answer to the call was received from the De partment, at that time under the charge of Gen. Knox. This answer, which i , one of the 'document:4 of our history, places beyond cavil or criticism the exact contribution in arms of each State. Here -it is: Statement tlrc• number qf troop,. and. naililiu . furnishrd by the ser•en:l States, for the support oldie Reeola tiouary wiir.from 177 i f 0 1753, /nail sire. IM EMI NORTIRR S TA 1 Ei N. Hampshire, 12,49t1 " 2.093 14,498 3,7.1.) 31.,,achusett9, 07,1/4-17 15,155 ,t , 3,1192 11,500 Rhode Maria, 5,1E)8 4,2-11 11,192 1,5 PI Connecticut, 3'039 7,792 351,831 3,000 New-York, 17,781 3,312 21,013 t.).75; Penn:yivaina„ 25,11.18 7,:57 32,91;5 2,01:1 New-Jersey; 10,727 6,9 . 7)5 113,712 2,51)0 17 ,496 46,04;.?. 21 ,553 30,n1 SOUTHERN STATES. Delaware, 2,397 376 2,763 I,noo m,,rylund, : 1301.4 5,464 19,375 4,0011 Virginia, : 26,672 4,163 30,133 ;North Car01ina,•7,263 2.716 9,969 12,000 South Carolina, 5,51)8 5,508 29; 00 Georgia, 2,679 2,679 9.930 Total, 58,421 12,719 71,130 713,20 It should be understood that at this time, there was but little difference in numbers I,etween the population of the Southern States and that of the Northern j States. 'By the census of 1790, the Southern had a population of 1,956,351; the Northern had a pop ulation of . .1,965,155. But notwith standing this comparative equality of population in the two sections, the ,North furnished vastly more men than the South: Of continental troops, the Southern States furnished 58,122; the Northern furnished 172,19 G ; making about three men furnished to the continental army by the Northern States to one from the Southern. • . Of militia whose service - are au thenticated by the "War Office, the Southern States furnished 12,719; the Northern '.furnished 46,0-V :z; making nearly finir men furnished to the mi litia by the Northern States. to one from the Southern. Of militia, whose services were not authenticated by the War Office, but are set down in the return as Conjec tural only, •we have 76,8111 furnished by the Southern States, and 30,950 furnished .by the Northern ; making, under this head, more than two men furnished •by the Southern to one from the Northern. The. chief scrvices of the SOuthern States, it will be ob served with a smile, were, conjectural only! Looking, however, at the sum total' of continental troops, authenticated militia, and conjectural militia, w 6 have 147,940 furnished by the South ern State's; while 248,503 were fur nished by the Northern; making 100,- 000 men furnished to the war bythe Nortlfern more than the Southern. But the disparity swells when we directly compare South Carolina . and Massachusetts. ,Of continental troop and authenticated militia, and conjec tural militia, S. CarOlina furnished 33,508, while Massachusetts furnished 92,592; making in the latter gtim nearly three men for one fUrnished by South Carolina. Look, however, at the continental troops and the authen ticated militia furnished by the two States, and here you will find only 5,508 furnished by South Carolina, while 53,092 were furnished by Massa 7 chusetts—being sixteen times more than by South Carolina. and much, more than by all the Southern States together. Here are facts and figures of which the Senator ought not to be ignorant. Did the occasion require, I might ,go` further, and minutely portray the imbecility of the Sdiuthern States, and particularly of South Carolina, in the war of the Revolution, as coiapared with the Northern States. This sad chanter of hhitory. upon which I unwillingly dwell. Faithful annals record that, as early a, 177-', the six South Carolina regiments, composing.;, with the Georgia rt.:tr. - intent, the re.rtil lar force of the Shuthern (lid not, in the whole, must( eight hundred men: nor. w o it p..,si ble to till up their rank. :During the succ l :eding year, tits G,R - erid r of Seottii Chrolina, pressed by the Pirit: it idrered stipttiali , the nun ;runty of his Stale tiny:. leaving it to it decided at Z itt' 10 lion it should nelone—a reinol,- ifory symptorn 01 ' tile pro pised in our iTay! At last, after the fatal tield (hnitden, no or,:;tuiz...(l American force ',a , left iu thh: The three Southern Stairs—r/p r/piePisvite pl/0/ii, it: vaunt(if the t, kr—had I lt{! si.i Ite bAtalion in the tiold. During , )cried, the ..l it s,, :ie h u „ ;I , :..erviao4 their country, lit lint away from their own bOrtie7s; for front the time of the Declitrati,ei o. )lassaciiwett's saw the smoke of ati At last, by the laiiitary remarkable ext:rtioni of Gen. ;re.eni, a Northern Nan. trim. - command .if the r.:.Nintliont Z 1111:: ..unit Carolina NV:IA rescued power. lint the trial.; o r ful reveal, in a striking T:1'11!.:••:. the wmik.iiesi of the :Atilte which he Fav:.d. Si;irm are graphieNll:.• . pr . e , ented ht (;‘)VeriWr = IBM Pennsylvania, under date of ::rd 1171, he says: Those lvivve true intere't it to have Cote, 4Te and thc, people to the Ef»-thicard of tho real state or thins, have joined in tile de ceptiun, and mar - milled the , trelerit and resources id this country in!l:,itely ahove their ability. Many orthw c , who adhere to our party, are so fond or pleasure, that they cannut think of making die necessary sarrii;yes. to support the Revolution. Th,re are many good and virt , ton,3 peopl.- to the southward; but they cannot animate the inhabitants in general, a, you can to the northward."—Goolon%s: Ile. toJ lye the American Resolution, ro!. 4, pageS7. BM •Vriting to Colonel Davies, under date of 23rd May, 17S1, he exposes the actual condition of the country: Similar testimony to the weakness en endered• by sy•ery was also borne by Mr. Maddison, in debate in Con- BM " Every addition they LGeorzia and South Carolina] receive-t? their-num ber of slaves, tends to weaken them, and render them less rapableofse!f-dy;2nee." —Annals if Congress, col: I, page :;;O. The hi.-aorian of South Candiau, Dr. Ramsay, a contemporary observ er of the very, scenes which he de scribes, exposes this Iveakness : The fin-ces under the command of General Provost marched L:in:wi t dm richest settlements of the State, where are the fewest wine enhabitant: proportion to the" number or' The hapless 4frictzn.s, allured -with tio , hope offecedom, .fa4wa4 their owners, and repaired in grdat nit-ii4lHrs to tie: royal army. Th-y endeavor. e, to rec ommend themselves to I!tc it masters by discoverin; .where their owners had concealed their proper v, and were assisting in carryiv ofil" History of S. Carolina, co!. I, page 1 . 2 And the same candid d scribing the invasion of the next ye.,r, says : The slave's a 1 .gcrond 1) , . 7 -r,7 to the British army."— I . 1, pa,f,"l-:?::1'). And at a still later day, Jusi ice .161mson, of the sup Penn court of tlm United States, and a citizen of ;Sr)I1t.:1 Carolina, in his elaborate Greene, speaking of negro slaves, makes the same admission. He says : " But the number dispersedthrou : d i these [Southern] States was very gre-it; so :rat, as to render it impossible f,r the citizens to muster freemen enough to withstand the pressure of the Brit ish arms."— Fol. j, Page 472. 'Surely,.sir, this is enough and more. Thin, from authentic documents, we learn the small contribution of men and the military weakness of the Southern States, particularly of S. Carolina, as compared with the North:- ern States ; and from .the very lips-of South Carolina, on different occasion - , speaking by committee ; by one of Her Representatives in 'Congress ; by her historhn; and by an eminent citi zen, we have the confession not only of weakness ; but that this Weakness Was caused by slavery. And •yet in the face of this cumulative and unim peachable testimony, we are called to listen, in the American. Senate, to a high-flying boast, from a venerable Senator, that American independence was chievcd by the arms and treasure of NO. 12 1:f nt' ME
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