S. W. YOCUM, Editor;
VOLUME XLI, NUMBER 48.1
THE COLUMBIA SPY,
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
WEEKLY,
00 per year, if paid In advance; slx months, $1
If not paid until the expiration of the
year, $2.50 will be charged.
S t.r. COPIES
- -
No paper will be discontinued until all arrear
ages aro paid, unless at the option of the editor.
Advertisements not under contract, must be
'narked the length of time desired, or they will
be continued and charged for until ordered out.
Special Notices 25 per cent. more.
All Notices or Advertisments in reading mat
ter, under ten lines, $1.00; over ten lines, 10 cts.
per line, minion type.
Yearly Advertisers discontinuing , their adver
tisements before the expiration of the year, will
be charged at full rates as above, or according to
contract.
Transient rates will be charged for all matters
01 relating strictly to their business.
All advertising will be considered CASH, after
first nsertion.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
CHAS. E. GAST,
(Office with T. E.Franlain, Esq.)
No. g 7 EAST ORANGE ST., LANCASTER, PA
feti4-I.f
B F. ESHLEMAN,
• (0111ce with Iron. EE. alester,)
No. )S NORTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA
f...:1P.k3 Tat
pinup D. BAKER,
No. 11 NORTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA
feb26-tf
A . J. KAUFFMAN,
Collections made in Lancaster and adjoining
Counties.
Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, and all claims
sgainst the government promptly prosecuted.
Onion—No.23S, Locust street.
If .
W. YOCUM,
Attorney - at-Law 'a. Notary Public,
COLUMBIA. PA
OFFICE—SPY Building:, Bank Street, near
Locust.
Collections made in Lancaster and adjoining
counties.
HENRY C. G. REBER,
No 528 Washington Street, near Sixth
Reading, Pa,
Collections made in forks and adjoining
counties. nov27-1,1
H. M. NORTH,
1.1
Columbia, Pa.
Collections promptly made in Lancaster and
York Counties.
T HOINIAS J. DAVIS,
No. 14 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Professional Business carefully and prompt
ly attended to. C0et;30.69-tf
1 - 1 P. ROSENMILLER, .la.,
_LI
A.TTORNEY-AT-LA.W.
Orrinn.—No. 5 Court Avenue, Lancaster, Ptt.
JOHN M. GRIDER,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, SCRIVENER, &c.
MountvlUe, Lancaster County, Pa,
Otlice Hours from 6 to 8 o'clock, A.
and 7 toil o'clock, P. M.
M . CLARK,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE.
OFFICE—No. 12 N. Third street.
Office Hoors—Prom 6 to 7 A. M. 12 to 1 P. M..
and from 6to 9 . y , fsepl-69-tfw
SAMUEL EVANS,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE.
Office, on Second St., adjoining Odd Fellows
gall, Columbia, Pa.
D ENTAL SURGERY.
J. S. SMITH, DENTIST,
Graduate of Pennsylvania College of Dental
Surgery. Office No. 210 Locust Street
2nd door above Odd Fellows' Hall.
Columbia, Penn'a.
Dr. J.'S Smith thanks his friends and the pub
lic in general for their liberal patronage in the
past, and assuring them that they can rely upon
having every attention given to them in the
future, In every branch of his profession he
has always given entire satistaction. He calls
attention to the unsurpasssed style and finish
of artificial teeth inserted by blur. lie treats
diseases common to the mouth and teeth of
children and adults, Teeth filled with the great
est care and in the most approved manner.
Aching te'eth treated and filled to last for years.
Tire best of dentrillces and mouth washes con
stantly on hand.
N. B.—All work warranted.
sepl-09-lyw J. S. SMITH, D. D. S.
A J. GULICK,
• SURGEON DENTIST,
Extracts Teeth without Pain. Nitrous Oxide or
Laue;hing (ias administered.
OFFICE :/iS LOCUST STREET.
ment4-69-tcw
B C. uNsELD,
* TEACHER OF MUSIC
PI 1:\ 0,
ORGAN,
:MELODEON,
CULTIVATION of the VOICE and SINGING.
Special attention given Beginners and young
pupils.
mept-149-13'iv
210 LOCUST STREET
- f Z. HOFFER,
. D N-TIST.
Nltrous Oxide Gas administered in the extrac
tion of Teeth.
°Mee— Front Street, next door to It. Williams'
Drug Store, between Locust and Walnut Streets,
Columbia Pa.
F.
PUYSICIAN & SURGEON;
offers his professional services to the citizens of
Columbia cud vicinity. He may be found at the
(Mice connected with his residence, on Second
street, between Cherry and Union, every day,
from 7to 9A. i‘E., and from 6 to SP. M. Persons
wining his services in special cases, between
these hours, will leave word by note at his °dice,
or through the nost office. sepl-70
REAL ESTATE AGENCY
The undersigned have opened an (Mee for the
purchase and sale - of real estate. collection of
rents, and the renting of property. Business
entrusted to their care will meet, with prompt
and careful attention. F. X. ZIEGLER,.
0ct3.1-'69-tfj A. S. RIAUFF.NIA.I.c.
p BUILDERS AND OTHERS
Runding, paving and other brick always on
hand. They are hand made and saperlor to any
brick in this part of the country. They are of..
feredat the very lowest price.
sep 4-60-tcw2 MICHAEL LIM-lA:RT.
HOTELS.
WESTERN ELOTEL,
No. 9.31. A; 15 CORTLAND'S STREET,
NEW YORE
THOS. D. WINCIIESTER., PitoritrEron.
This Hotel is central and convenient for Penn
sylvanians.
ABLE 111.i.suLnit of Reading, Pa.,
is an its?..sistauL at tills lintel, and will be glad to
see•lit friends at all times.
46 CONTINE:.s7TAL."
THIS HOTEL IS PLEASANTLY LOCATED,
between the Stations 01 the Reading and Coluta
and Pennsylvania Railroads,
FRONT STREET, COLUMBIA, PA.
Ample accommodations for Strangers and Tray.
elers. The Bar Is stocked with
CHOICE LIQUOR.%
And the Tables furaLslied with the best fare.
EMAIL FINDLEY,
Proprietor,
sei*l-M-tflo]
FRANKLIN ,HOUSE,
LOCUST ST., COLUMBIA, PA.
This is a nrst-classhotel, and is in every respect
Adapted to meet tile wishes and desires of the
traveling public.
seld.-70 Proprietor,
F RENCH'S HOTEL,
On the European Plan, opposite City Hall Park
New York. ii. FRENCH",
Sept. 10.18l1S. Proprietor.
ivr s EELER'S HOTEL,
West Market Square, Reading , Reno's.
EVAIs MISELLER,
Proprietor.
septl-66-tfw)
$25 - TAPErpplosallleßME°
MACHINE. The cheapest First Ch Machine
In the market. Agents wanted In every town.
Liberal commission allowed. Far terms and
circular, address A. 5. HAMILTON, Gen..p.gent,
No. 700 Chestnut St., Phil'a, Pa.
•
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BITCHER'S COL TThEY.
T C. BUCHER,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer In
FIVE CEIITS
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
Wines and Liquors
Ras removed his Store to his Buildiug,adjoluing
Haldemau's Store, Locust St., Columbia, Pa.,
where he has fitted up rooms and greatly
increased his facilities for doing
a more extensive business
MISIILER'S CELEBRATED
HERB BITTERS 1
PURE AND UNADULTERATED,
These 'Bitters are celebrate& for the great cures
they have performed in every ease, when tried
Dr. Mishler offers five hundred dollars to the pro
prietor of any Aledicine that can show a greater
number of genuine certificates of cures effected
by it, near the place where it is made, than
AIISHLER'S HERB BITTERS
MISHLER'S HERB BITTERS
Is for sale In Columbia by
J. C. BUCHER,
At Ills Store, Locust Street, Columbia
WINES AND LIQUORS !
Embracing the following;
Catawba,
Port,
Lisbon,
Cherry,
Maderia,
Currant :ind 'Muscat WINES
COGNAC, OF DIFFERENT BRANDS
Also, OLD RYE WHISKEY and
BRANDIES of all kinds
Blackberry
Catawba,
Cherry,
EIS
XX Ohl Rye X Old Rye,
Pure Old Rye, Monongahela,
neetlfled. Whisky,London Brown Stout
Scotch Ale, &c., &c., &c.
MALT AND CIDER VINEGAR
He Is also Agent for the Celebrated
MISHLER'S HERB BITTERS
POCKET FLASKS.
DEMIJOHNS,
TOBACCO BOXES,
and FANCY ARTICLES, in great variety,
MISHLER'S BITTERS!
PURE .t. UNADULTERATED
BEST STOUT PORTER !
From B. .t G. lIIBBERT, LONDON
PURE MALT VINEGAR
Cannot be purchased et any other establish-
ment in town. and Is warranted to keep fruits
and vegetables perfect.
Tile Best .Brands of Imported
SCOTCH AND LONDON ALE
TO SMOKERS AND CHEWERS
Bue3sEn. will still keep
f on hand the
Best Brands o
SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCO,
SNUFF, HAVANA, YARA, and
COMMON SEGARS. Also,
SNUFF TOBACCO BOXES, PIPES—a
thousand and one varieties. Call at
Locust Street, adjoining Haldeman's Store.
It Is the greatest establishment of the kind this
aide of Philadelphia.
Ist nlerll9-Only Agency for Lee's London Porter, and
is's Bitters.
Malaga,
Champagne,
Claret,
Rhine,
Blackberry,
Eldel berry,
Jamaica Spirits,
Rummel,
Ginger,
Ei n,
Superior Olu Rya,
Pure Old Rye,
XXX Old Rye,
AGENCY FOR
FOR SALE
At. J. C. BUCHER'S
For Sale by
T. C. BUCHER
For sale by
J. C. BUCIIER,
Locust Street, above Front
Agent for the
For Sale at
J. C. BUCIIER S
J. C. BUCIIEWS,
COLUMBIA-, PA_., SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 9. 1870.
MISCELLA_NEOvs.
GRAND INAUGURATION
_Ulf-
LOW PRC ES
HOMER., COLLADAY & CO.,
Nos. 1413 & 1414 Chestnut
PHILADELPHIA,
ARE ".. , 7014 OFFERING THE WHOLE OF
THEIR
MAGNIFICENT STOCK
-OF
DRESS GOODS, SILKS, &C.
Replete with all the Choicest Novelties
of the Season.
TOGETHER WITH
LARGE INVOICES OP DESIRABLE GOODS,
Purchased in this Market for CASH,
At Astonishing Low Prices !
H. C. C CO. conclude that it is only necessary
to quote a few of their offerings as an index of
the prices at whicn this SUPERB STOCK will
be disposed of, to insure an early call.
HANDSOME DOUBLE-WIDTD. CEIENE .IO
HAIRS, 37j:: CENTS.
DOUBLE-FOLD FOULARD MOHAIR-% 45
CEST:S.
DOUBLE-FOLD NORWICH POPLINS,INTEE
NEW LIGHT SHADES, 56 CENTS.
HOYLE'S YARD-WIDE• ENGLISH PRINTS,
Z" CENTS.
PRINTED SATIN CLOTH - , A NEW ARTICLE
FOR THE HOUSE OR WALKING COS
TUME, 35 CENTS.
ONE CASE OF TVIE FINEST ORGANDIES
IMPORTED, 40 CENTS.
REAL SCOTCH GINGIIAMS, IN ALL COL
ORS, 2.5 CENTS.
TWO CASES OF FRENCH FOULARD MO
HAIRS, WHICH SOLD BY THE PIECE FOR
65 CENTS, ARE NOW OFFERED AT 56
CENTS.
BLACK LYONS GROS GRAINS AND DRAP
DE LYON. OF THE BEST RAKES, FROM
$1.50 to $S PER YARD.
WIENS SILKS OF TRE LATEST DESIGNS
OP THE PARIS MARKET, AND EXTRA
QUALITY, SOLD LAST SPRING AT $3.25,
V. 50.
STRIPED SILKS FROM $l.OO TO $2.00,
BLACK CANVAS BABEGES, EXTRA. SU
PERB QUALITY, 6234 CENTS.
BLACK CANVAS BA...REG-ES, 75 CENTS
BLACK CANVAS BAREGES, ALL WWII:LS
AND QUALITIES, UP TO sti.
WALE:ECG SUITS, LACE SHAWLS, LACE
POINTS,
ALL AT THE NEW RATES.
April 16-3 m
N° 18
SHREINER'S
IS THE PLACE
Where you cau buy a first rate
AMERICAN, ENGLISH . OR SWISS
WATCH,
BEAUTIFUL SETS OF JEWELRY, HAND
SOME BREAST PINS, EAR RINGS,
SLEEVE BUTTONS,
and almost everything In the Jewelry line
AT THE LOWEST PRICE
Or you can purchase
FINE SILVER AND SILVER PLATED
SPOONS,
FORKS, KNIVES CASTORS, GOBLETS, ICE
PITCHERS. BUTTER DISHES ..tc. sc.
Then If you are in
WANT OF TIME
you eau buy any kind of
AMERICAN CLOCK,
- Warranted of the best quality, at a low tlgure
CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELF
CHAS. P. SUREINEWS
Sept4wtri No. 13 Front St., Columbia, Pa.
DRUGS. CHEMICALS
y 33. KEVINSKI,
" • DEALER IN
PIANOS, ORGANS, MELODEONS,
AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
GENERALLY.
A large assortment of Violins, Flutes, Guitars,
Banjo+, TarnUorines. Accordeons, Flies, /Jar
naollleaS, ouU musical murehandLse always on
hand.
SHEET MUSIC.
A large stock on hand, and constantly receiving
all the latest publications as soon as issued.
Alnsic and :Nlusical Books will be sent by mall
free of postage, when the market price is rexiit
ted.
DACALCOIUANIA,
Or the Art of transferring Pictureq. Can be
transferred on any object.
I would call special attention of the Conch
makers to my stock of Ducalcomania.
121821=
STEINWAY At SON'S PIANOS, PRINCE d:
CO'S., & NEEDHAM & SON'S CELEBRA
ORGANS AND MELODEONS.
Sole Agent for Stoll's Unrivaled PIANO
FORTE AND FURNITURE POLISIL
Call and examine my stock at
NO. 3 NORTH PRINCE STREET,
LANCASTER, PA
Ho! For the ffarvestof X 8.0!
We would respectfully call the attention of
all Farmers who need a complete combined
harvester, to examine into the merits at our
Lancaster county built Reaper and Mower,
THE VALLEY CHIEF !
It is a simple two-wheeled machine, having
side delivery, which throws the grain entirely
out of the way et the team for the next round.
It has a rear cut,a floating linger bar; lifeguards
or lingers are made of the best wrought Iron,
faced with steel. The height of the cut can be
altered with case while in motion, thus ena
bling one to pass obstructions or cut long or
short stubble ; and the whole machine Is built
with an eye to min:mime, simptiedy and durability.
If you want a light, two-horse machine, the
VALLEY CHIEF Is the machine to boy.
If you want a machine that is able to pick up
rcry badly /odgai. grain with ease and certainty-,
and rake It on;,get the VALLEY CHIEF—It will
do it. The Marsh Self-Rake in this particular,
has no superior.
If you want a machine that combines the qUal-
It ies or a first-class self-raker in grain together
With one of the best mowers get the VALLEY
CHIEF.
If you wish to get the machine that has hosts
of admiring friends among hundreds of the In
telligent and disci iminating farmers of Lancas
ter county, choose the VALLEY CHIEF.
We respectfully refer you to our friends in
every township of the county for good words.
One or our machines is on exhibition at the
HARDWARE STORE OF MESSRS. nos-
SELL, MUSSELMAN & CO., No. 2t North
queen Street, Lancaster City.
Mr. D. E. ISUREMOLDER, Is our general
agent for Lancaster county.
MARSH, GRIER t CO.,
Mount Joy, Lancaster Co., Ya.
P. S.—This Machine Is on exhibition and for
sale by SIMON J. EBY, I
Millersville, and by J.
H. KAAJFEMAti, at Millersville. may7-10t
"NO 'ENTERTAINMENT BO CHEAP AS READING, NOR ANY PLEASURE BO LASTING."
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
E DWARD J. ZAHN,
JEWELLER
(Late H. L. & E. J. Zahrn,)
Cor. N. Queen St., at Centre Square
LANCASTER, PA.
Dealer in
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry
SILVER WARE,
Spectacles, best quality Silver- 4-2 , .
Plated Ware, Thermometers.
Personal and prompt attention given to
Watch work and Repairing. Remember the
OLD STAND,
ZARM'S CORNER,
North Queen Street and Centre Square,
LANCASTER, PA.
may 7 '7O 1 yr
FINE FAMILY GROCERIES,
AT HARDMAN'S!
Just received, at the fine Grocery Establish
melt, corner 3rd and Cherry streets, The follow
lug new Goods: •
SUGAR CURED HAMS AND DRIED BEEF,
JELLIES,
PRESERVES,
HONEY,
PEACHES,
TOMATOES,
ENGLISH PICKLES, WINSLOW'S GREEN CORN
GREEN PEAS Se.,
Together with a very fine assortment of
Family Groceries, of all kinds.
A LARGE LOT OF ICEIV YORK CAZ:DIF-S,
Oranges, Lemons, Figs, Raisins, Cocoanuts,
and White Wine Vinegar.
Extra Family Flour, INlercer Potatoes, Rio and
Java Coffee, fresh roasted, Lovering's Syrup, &c. Atite•New Goods received almost daily.
WINI. IL HARDMAN,
3rd and Cherry Sts.
sep4-69-tftv3 Columbia, Pa.
OPEN ! OPENING ! OPENED !
AND UNTIL FURTHER ORDERS,
BREN - EM AN'S
THE LARGEST STOCK OF
HATS AND CAPS,
For Men, Youth and Children, ever before offer
ed to the people of Columblo t comprising as it
does, STYLE and QUALITY in solt and stiff
brim, such as the Warwick - , Ida Lewis. Sinbad,
Prince Arthur, American Girl, Mute, Peerless,
R
Lady Thorn, owing, Star, Cuban, Waverly,
Gilmore, Rob Roy, and the Fall style of Silk
Hats, Just out, together with a full stock of
FURNISHING GOODS,
Consisting of White and Colored Shirts, Flannel
Shirts and Drstvers, English, German and Do
mestie Hosiery, Gloves, liandkerehleis, Sus
penders, Ties, Linen and Paper Cuffs and Cob
lars, Sc. Also,
UMBRELLAS AND CANES
Parties who favor us with their patronage are
assured that it will be our constant ann to
merit their confidence and support.
Call and examine our well selected stock at
at low prices.
BRENEMAN'S
Locust Street, Columbia, Pa
0et9.'69-ly
STEAM COACH" WORKS.
CHRISTIAN MYERS,
COLUMBIA ST} AM
COACH WORKS!
REIIIOVED TO Nos. 9, 11 AND 13 NORTH sth
STREET.
The Carriages, Buggies, &e., made at these
Works, are equal in beauty and durability to
any other make in the county.
coAcri smiTaurG, REPAIRING, tte.
This branch of the business will be attended to
with punctuality and despatch.
CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES,
Wagons, &c., for sale or made to order.
•..- Call at the Works No. 9, 11 & 13 North
Fifth street and examine the stock and prices.
5ep5439-tfw
NO. 13
GARDEN, FLOWER AND GRASS
S - FED S
—AT—
J. A. MEYERS',
FAMILY MEDICINE STORE,
ODD FELLOWS' RALE,'
Our Stock is composed ENTIRELY of
Seeds from the celebrated Philadelphia
Seedsmen,
D. LANDRETH S. SON.
We have NONE other on hand, mid hav
ing closed out every package of last season's
stock, we guarantee all to be
FRESH AND GENUINE,
And will sell them at Landreth's prices.
N. B.—Having removed my residence to house
No. 23 Noarit SECOND ST., formerly occupied
by Mr. Jacob Hess, any of my friends requiring
Medicine during the night, will please call
there.
J. A. MEYERS,
sent.4'69-tfw Odd Fellows' Hall.
JUST RECEIVED
A LARGE SUPPLY OF
FRESH GROCERIES,
-A T -
David Mullin's Grocery Store,
Cor. 4th 4 Cherry Streets,
COLUMBIA, PA.
The undersigueJ, having been in the business
since IS-19,1s enabled to buy and sell goods at
better bargains than can be made elsewhere.
lie has now on hand a fresh supply of
GROCERIES 16: PROVISIONS.
Of the best quality, which he will dispose of at
Prices that defy coropetitioi
SUGARS AND COFFEES
Of the best brands, direct front New York
COFFEE, Green and Brown.
TEAS !
EMPIRE, JAPAN, ENGLISH - BREAKFAST
AND BLACK TEAS of every descriptio n
HAMS AND DRY BEEP
Fresh from Pittsburg, at the lowest price.
better In the market.
POTATOES, FISH,
FLOUR, I'EED,
And everythin In the Grocery line.
oc
Thankful for past favors, the undersigned re
spectfully solicits a continuance of the same.
The citizens of Columbia, and pu bile generally,
will find It profitable to visit my store, as anti
determined to sell none but the best goods, and
at the lowestngure,
DAVID NI ULLES,
apll6.2rrtj Cor. Fourth Cberry Sts., ColllllllAm
CALIFORiVIA WINES
I•Slt DOZ. PIM GALL.
SONG3LA S 8.00 02.50
PORT. 12.00 :t.50
SHERRY 10.00 3.00
ANGELICA, 10.00 3.0')
BRANDY, 18.00 6.00
Sparkling can.mrAIGNE 2,.66
I 'All warrantal to be made of CALIFORNIA
GRAPES only, pure and harmless.
'9-11,.C11.URCILES supplied Witit pore GRAPE
IV INES for COMIII(MIOU purposes, at reduced
rates.
OFFICE :-641. EAST JUNG ST.,
LANCASTER.
J. J. SPRESGEIt.
N. h.—Also. always on hand a general assort
ment. of BREWERS' SUPPLIF—S.
JASPER GREEN,
Designer de: Engraver on Wood.
COLIMII3 LA. PA.
Is prepared to execute Views of Buildings, Xll
chinery, Bill Reads, Posters, Labels, &e., in the
neatest and most expeditious manner, at rea
sonable rates.
BOOK AND NEWSPAPER ILLUSTRATIONS
Executed in the Highest Style of Art.
may:V:7W
FOREIGN FRUITS,
THIS DAY, THIS WEEK
128 Locust Street,
GENTS'
PRICE: LIST
~tlGtC,lf,
ONLY A BOY
Only a boy, with his noise and fun,
The veriest mystery under tho sun ;
As brimful of mischief, and wit and glee
As ever a human frame can be,
And as hard to manage—what —all ma!
'Tis hard to tell,
Yet we love him well.
Only a boy, with ids fearful tread,
Who cannot be driven, but must be led;
Who troubles the neighbors' dogs and cats,
And tears more clothes, and spoils more hats
Loses more kites, and tops, and bats,
Thou would stock a store
For a year or more.
Only a boy, with his wild, strange ways;
With his Idle hours on his busy days;
With his queer remark's and his odd replies
Sometimes foolish and sometimes wise,
Often brilliant for one of his size,
As a meteor hurled
-y Front a planet world,
Only a boy, who will be a man,
If nature goes on with her first great plan ;
It water, or fire, or some brutal snare
Conspire not to rob us of this our beir,
Our blessing, our trouble, our rest, our care,
Our torment, our joy
"Outs a boy."
THE MEETING
With time I turn—years backward float
Again that golden shore I trace,
Where in the light of long ego.
I first beheld thy face,
Soft summer airs waved warm and light ;
A solemn psalm breathed o'er the bay,
Came like the choral branch of night,
Ascending far away.
The sun burned downward to the deep.
And glowed through many a purple bar ;
like n vorgin front her sleep,
lrose the evening star.
There oft had I with care oppressed,
Forgetful, dream'd of other lands ;
And thou had'st sought a realm of rest
Along those silent sands.
As mists that melt in azure skies,
Thy tears fell fast; such woe was mine;
Like magnets glanced thy streaming eyes,
And drew my soul to thine.
`.'Alisrtliancolts Rending
BROWN AND JONES
=7l4;=MWM===
Llfr. Prouni.—Neighbor Jones, they tell
me you are a Protectionist, and as I can
not see why a shrewd farmer like you
should want to tax yourself to help others
to do some kind of work that can't be
made to pay its own way, I have come
over here to see about it.
.Touts.—Glad to see you, Mr. Brown ;
but you must learn my views before you
can truly state them. I bold that where
a tax must raise prices, as it always must
by the amount of the tax, and where the
thing taxed is made or raised by both
Americans and foreigners, the tax should
be laid on the imported article, so as to
•
make the foreigner pay as much of it as
we can.
Brown.--That sotuals very well ; but
are you sure he does not add the tax to
his former price, and charge us the whole
thing?
doses.—Often he cannot. lie can only
raise the price to the point where our
American producers could afford to make
or raise all we need of it. Take pig iron.
We make nine-tenths of all we use,
whether the tariff is high or low. If it is
high, we import about one ton in thirty ;
and if it is low, about one in twenty-five
But in either case we produce nearly all
we use, and the price, therefore, like the
price of butter, leather, boots and shoes,
and other things which we produce main
ly at home, is mainly fixed by our own
supply and demand. If it were possible
to make us wholly dependent on impor
tation, the increased demand on foreign
pig-iron makers would enable them to
double on their prices, as they did in
IS3G, when free trade had stopped many
of our furnaces and the price of the im
ported article went from $:27, its average
price under protection, up to $52.50. Of
course, an article so extensively used that
we ordinarily import only a tenth of our
supply, would rise, if we were compelled
to import even half of it, to two or three
times the ordinary price,
Brown.—Very likely - ; a removal of the
tariff would often raise the importer's
prices ; but I do not quite see why he can
not add the duty to his selling price, and
make the consumer pay it.
.Tones.—Let me suppose a case :
A manufacturer in Sheffield, England,
makes cutlery, and has usually shipped
to America knives which cost him $4 a
dozen, to be sold at $5 a dozen, whereby
lie controls the market, as the Aniercau
maufacturer cannot make them less than
$7. A duty of $3 a dozen is laid on them,
and, he says : "Nov I cannot sell these
for more than $7.50 a dozen, for at that
Price the American shops can make the
same knives at a profit, and if I sell at
$O, they will cut me out of the trade al
together. I will, therefore, pay the duty
of $3 a dozen myself, sell them at $7.50.,
and have 50 cents profit, instead of sell
ing them at $O, with $2 profit, as I did be
fore the American tariff was passed."
The effects. therefore, are :
1. The price of knives to the Ameri
can consumer is not raised, by the amount
of the tariff, S 3, as Free-Traders assert,
but by only $1.50.
2. The amount of the tariff is not
charged over by the importer on the con
sumer, as the Free-Traders assume, and
paid by the American purchaser of knives,
but is paid by the British manufacturer
two-thirds thereof out of previous profits,
and one-third thereof out of the rise in
price, so that only the latter—one-tnird
of the tariff—is paid by the American
consumer.
3. Though the price of the article is
raised by $1.50, yet had the tax been lev
ied in any other manner whatever, the
price of whatever it was levied upon
must have been raised $3. American
consumers therefore have not only got
rid of $2 of tax, by collecting it out of
their British cousins, but have avoided
$1.50 of the rise in price, which would
have resulted somewhere else, and on
something else, if they had levied the tax
where _Unerieans would have to pay the
whole of it.
4. American manufacturers, who had
previously been undersold by SI a dozen
on knives, now find they can make them
at a cost of $7 a dozen, to start with, and
make a profit of 60 cents a dozen. But as
they go on, and their skill, organization
and capital increase, they constantly tend
to produce them more cheaply, until, at
last, they can produce them at $6, $5, or
$4 a dozen, and the foreign manufacturer
is finally and forever undersold, and driv
en out of the field.
• This is the process of making foreigners,
at the same time, pay our taxes, and sup
port our industry.
BTOIOI.-1 . see you have cyphered that
sum down pretty close. But if tariffs on
imports are a means of collecting our
taxes out of the people of other nations,
why is it that none of our great free-trade
writers sec the advantage of them?
Jones.—The wisest of them do. Mr.
John Stuart Mill, the ablest of living ad
vocates of Free Trade, says in vol. 2, page
457 of his Principles of Political Economy:
"Those are, therefore, in the right, who
maintain that taxes on imports are partly
Paid by foreigners."
Brown.- - Why, is he, then, a free-trader?
.Tones.—He is a Free Trader in English
sense; because the manufactures of Eng
land have outgrown the need of protec
tion. The stronger, like. the lion among
beasts, never seek protection against the
weaker. But Mr. Mill, like Adam smith
the so-called father of Free Trade, is only
a qualified Free Trader. Both admit the
propriety of protecting industries under
certain circumstances; as, where they are
essential to the national defence in war
where they - are adapted to the natural re
sources of the country, and only need en
couragement to mahe them profitable
where they are already in existence, am
the removal of the tariff would throw
their workmen out of employment, etc.
All these reasons apply to the protected
American industries; and of course, when
you grant the wisdom of the principle of
Protection to particular industries by tar
iffs, you must also grant that each nation
will judge best for itself what industries
it should protect.
/3rown.—lrow, then, can such men be
called Free Traders?
Joncs.—They are Free Traders of the
English sort. English Free Trade means
that breadstuffs shall come in free, because
England has so little farming laud that
she cannot possibly raise all her own grain.
In everything but breadstuffs, she could
undersell all foreigners be [ore she declared
for Free Trade.
Brown.—Free Trade in England and
Protection to America are alike, policies
of encouragement to manufactures—the
one by securing them the home market
for their goods, and the other by securing
them cheap food for their operatives.
Jones.—Certainly. The repeal of the
protective duty on corn was the only tri
umph ever won by Free Trade in England
For three hundred years before that, and
until her manufactures could emu-
Pete with the world, she protected them
by heavy tariffs. She has abandoned
Protection now, because she has nothing
capable of needing it.
Broum.—l think you are right in claim
, .ing that foreigners pay a considerable
share of. the duties on articles in which
they compete with us as producers. But
is not this profit offset by the fact that
Americans pay in increased prices under
Protection, a considerable amount of tax
which does not go into the treasury?
,Tones.—No. It is impossible that a net
profit which we make out of foreign coun
tries can be offset by any loss or profit we
make out of each other. If out of our
5180,000,000 of tariff duties, we suppose
that 20,000,000 are paid by foreigners, our
people as a whole are relieved from $20,-
000,000 of direct taxation. It is as if the
interest on our national debt were reduc
ed from six per cent to live.
liroam.—True, but nevertheless, so far
as Protective tariffs raise the price of pro
duct, only the increase in price on the
portion imported goes to the Government
while the increase in the price of the por
tion produced in this country goes to the
manufacturer, miner or farmer producing
it. It is, in effect, a tax paid by the con
sumers of that product to the producers,
and I am opposed to taxing one set of men
for the benefit of another.
.Tones.—So am I, where it can be avoided
But abstract equality of taxation is an
Utopian dream. It is a logical impossi
sibility to impose a tax on anything, for
eign or domestic, land or goods without
changing values in such a way as to make
ono man's property worth more, and
another's less. In levying the internal
revenue on whisky, it was seen that to
tax the process of manufacture would en
rich the owner of a stock already manu
factured, since he would add the amount
of the tax to his selling price. To tax the
whisky already in the vaults of wholesalers
would raise the price of the liquors owned
by the retailers, who would add ti,e amount
of the tax to their selling price, 11 o igh
they had not paid it. Yet the retailers
were so numerous, and their stocks sepe
rately so small, that to prevent their mak
ing this profit was impossible. If we fail
ed to tax the imported high wines, the
tax on the American whiskies would raise
the importer's price, and so act as a bounty
to the foreign against the home producer.
If we taxed real estate it lessened its
Profit to the owner relatively to other
kinds of property, and so amounted to a
bounty to those whose property was per
sonal. If we taxed incomes, it was a boun
ty to the man who would swear down his
income return, as compared with one who
made an honest return. If we levied an
aggregate of $400,000,000 of taxes• on
American industries in any manner, and
levied none on products of foreign indus
try coming into the country, this was a
tax on American and a bounty to for
eigners, which would enable them to un
dersell us in our markets by at least forty
per cent. It being absolutely impossible
to lay any tax so that the whole amount
collected from the people shall go into thee,
treasury, i. e., so that it shall not change
the values of various kinds of property to
the benefit of some and the injury of others
it is no fair objection to a Protective tariff
that it has this effect in common with all
other modes of taxation: It disturbs val
ues and changes prices. So do all taxes.
To the extent that a tax raises the price of
an article on which no tax has been paid;
it taxes the community to enrich an indi
vidual. Protectionists merely recognize
this effect of a tax, to change prices and
to endeavor to so adjust the tax, that the
price raised shall be that of an American
product, while the thing that pays the tax
shall be the imported product.
Broten.—But why not tax both equally?
.Tones.—This is not possible, lxxituse we
can never compute with certainly the ac
tual tax on the domestic article, and be
$2,00 Per Year, in Advance; $2.50 If not Paid in Advance.
cause, with every change in the cost of
producing it, here or abroad, the equality
of the tax would cease.
Brown.—Why can't we compute with
certainty the actual tax on the domestic
article?
.Tone.—To compute the amount of tax
which rests on a product, we must know
how much tax enters into the cost of its
production. This includes the increase
in the wages of the workmen who make
it, by reason of the . tax they pay on the
tea, coffee, and sugar, beer and liquors
they coastline, on the clothes they wear,
and the implements they use, on the
property they own, and the income they
earn, and the increase in the cost of their
food by reason of the tax paid by the far
mers on what they consume, and which
in the end, go to raise the price on farm
ing products, to those who have to buy
them. If, therefore, a duty of $7 per ton
is laid on imported pig iron, it is obvious
ly impossible to tell what part of this tax
is offset by the increased cost of domestic
production, until the tariff has developed
its results. If it has checked the impor
tation
and increased the domestic pro
duction, then we know it has afforded
protection- If it has raised the price of
the product $3, while other taxes have
raised the cost of producing it only $2,
we know it has afforded S.l protection.
When, for instance, in Wisconsin the
product of pig iron rises front 2,000 tons
in 1860 to 50,000 tons in 1870, we may as
sume that the tariff has been protective ;
the tax ou the foreign article being more
than the rise in the domestic cost of pro
duction. But no mathematic:Mu could
compute with exactness all the items of
tax which cause the rise in domestic cost
of production. We estimate that our
national taxation equals one-tenth of the
total earnings of our industry, and the
State and local taxes generally amount
to another tenth. Hence, in the grand
total, one-fifth of all we produce is re
ceived by the national :Lull State govern
ments in taxes. On this basis we may
roughly estimate Oral, a tariff of twenty
per cent, 011 all foreign products is nec
essary to offset our home taxes merely.
Bat in addition to this, our cost of labor
is increased by the better mode and
means of living demanded by the laborer.
If American laborers are to eat white
bread, and meat twice a day with tea,
coffee. and beer if they like, while British
and French eat black bread, and meat
once a week ; if Americans are to wear
better clothing, live in better houses.
have better furniture, support their own
churches, and educatz their own child
ren, their share of the product of
labor must be greater than that of the
paupers of Europe. At least twenty per
cent. more of the tax on the product of
foreign labor is demanded to protect
American labor in its better style of liv
ing, and prevent American - workingmen
from being pauperized. Under these cir
cumstances, and until our national debt
is paid, an average tariff of 40 per cent.,
at least, is needed.
Brown.—But Protective Tariff must less
en the revenue, since it is only by exclud
ing imports that it affords protection,and
by excluding imports it diminishes the'
amount of duties paid on them.
Jones. ---Nonsense. Every Protective
Tariff excludes part, and admits part. It
gives, generally, an increased revenue on
the part it admits, and protection to our
producers against the competition of such
parts as it shuts out. In 1861, under a
revenue tariff, we collected only $39,000.-
000 of revenue. Then we passed the Mor
rill Tariff, which we have since raised
every year. 1\ lark the result. In 18012 we
collected $59,000,000; in 1803,$69,000,000;
in 1561, $102,000,000; in 1865, 885,000,000;
in 1866, 8157,000,000; in 1868, $170,000,-
000; in 1868, SW-4000,000; and in 1809,
5177.000,000. The amount of our revenue
is four and a half times greated under our
present tariff than under that of 1869.
'Had it not been, repudiation would have
been inevitable. Then we collect $1 of
revenue to 88.50 of imports. In 1565 we
collected Si of revenue to S''.ll of imports.
Of course that is the best tariff for reve
nue which, from a given amount of im
ports, collects the hugest amount of rev
enue. So it has been in every change
from a Revenue Tariff to a protective one.
—Thvon , Almadac.
ITEITSPAPERS IN TEE TINITED STATES
Newspapers in the - United States are
now so numerous that it is well nigh im
possible for any oue to remember a fraction
of the list, and it is therefore with pleas
ure that we note that Geo. P. Rowell
Co., publishers, of New York, have issued
a new and completely revised edition of
their Newspaper Directory. A trade so
immense as that of newspapers leas had
but little attention called to it, and we
have as a people but very little knowledge
of the inunense degree of capital required
to carry it on. Journalists, it is true,
have dilated much upon the dignity and
the value of the press, but have studiously
abstained from touching on material con
siderations. It is the poetry, and not the
prose, of newspaper life %Odell attracts
the attention of our fraternity generally.
Yet even at this we hear much untrust
worthy gossip relating to newspapers, and
the public evidently believes what is told
it. We propose to supply our readers
with some of the plums we have extracted
from this work, perhaps supplemented
with some things out of our own knowl
edge.
The largest paper in the United States
is the New York Independent, and it has
also the largest advertising patronage of
any weekly paper• in the country. Its
editor is the best paid of any editor of a
periodical other than daily. The largest
daily is either the New York Tribune or
the New York Journal of Commerce:
which, it is difficult to decide. The small
est daily is the Ithaca Leader. at Ithaca,
N. Y. The New York Weekly and Don
ner's Ledger have each more than three
hundred thousand circulat ion, and exceed
any others in the United States in this
respect. Among the newspapeis which
are printed with news the New York
Tribune and I'oiueroy's Democrat have
the greatest issue—about two hundred
thousand each—but, on the contrary,
some newspapers hi the South do not
claim over one hundred and twenty. The
average circulation of a weekly country
Paper in the Western States is about six
hundred and fifty, in the South five hun
dred and fifty, and in the East about nine
hundred. There is a weekly• country pa-
[WHOLE NUMBER., 20,848.
per in 'Rhode Island, however, - which has
a circulation of over seven thousand.
There is one daily in New York which
annually receives over eight hundred
thousand dollars a year from advertise
ments, and there are two others which re
ceive over four hundred thousand. The
total number of newspapers are printed
in the United States and British Provin
ces, of which about one-quarter come
from Pennsylvania; forty-eight are issued
in French, fifteen in the Scandinavian
languages, ten in Spanish, five in Dutch,
four in Italian, three in Welsh, two in
Bohemian, one in Russian and English,
and one in Chinese and English. San
Francisco has the greatest proportion of
periodicals published in foreign languages
although the aggregate number is in this
proportion reversed, New York has six
German dailies. two French, and one
Scandinavian, besides twenty-three in En
glish. The highest salary paid to an edi
tor in America is ten thousand a year:
we would not dare to say how small the
lowest is.
For full information on these and other
topics we desire to recommend this book.
It has, in addition, a Newspaper Bate-
Book, giving the rates of advertising in all
the prominent newspapers of America,
which we learn that it costs thirty dol
lars to insert an advertisement one inch
long in a certain New York paper one
time; and a number of sketches of Men
Who Advertise. Men who advertise and
make money by iL must of necessity know
something, and the story of their lives
show how they gained such knowledge
and such experience as to make their pow
ers available. Altogether this volume is
useful both for entertainment and for
business,
CUTEST TAIMEE TRICE.
Connecticut broom peddler—a sharp
chap, from over among steady habits,
wooden clocks, schoohuastars and other
fixins—drove through the streets of Prov
idence, heavily laden with corn brooms.
Re had called at se'f'eral stores and offered
his load, or ever so small a portion of it;
but when he wanted case, and nothing
else in payment, they had uniformly given
him to understand that they had brooms
enough, and that hemight go further. At
length he drove up to a large wholesale
store on the west side and once more of
fered his wares.
"Well,l want Vie brooms badly enough,
"bitt what will you
said the merchant,
take in pay?"
This was a poser. The peddler was
aching to get rid of his brooms; he de
spised the very sight of his brooms, but lie
would sooner sell a single broom for cash
than the whole load for any other article
—especially that which he could not dis
pose of as readily as he could of brooms.
After a moment's hesitation, however, he
screwed his courage to the sticking point
—it required some courage after having
lost his chance of selling his load half a
dozen times by a similar answer—and
frankly told the merchant he must have
cash. Of course the merchant protested
that cash was scarce, and lie must pur
chase, if he purchased at all, with what be
had in his store to pay with. He really
wanted the brooms, and he did not hesi
tate to say so, but the times were hard,
and lie had notes to pay, and had goods
that must be disposed of.
Finally, lie said that he would put the
goods at the cost price, for the sake of
trading, and would take the whole load of
brooms which the peddler had labored so
unsuccessfully at the other stores to dis
pose of.
`• So unload the brooms," said he, to the
man of Connecticut, " and select any ar
ticles from my store, and you shall have
them at cost price."
The peddler scratched his head. There
was an idea there, as the sequel shows
plainly enough.
you what it is,' he answered at
last; just say them terms for half the
load, and cash for Collier half, and I'm
vein man, plowed of I don't sell coot, if
Connecticut sinks, with all her broom
stuff, the next minute,"
The merchant hesitated a moment, but
finally concluded the chance a good one.
Ire would be getting the brooms for some
thing that would not sell as readily; as
fur the cost price, it was an easy gammon
in regard to it. The bargain was struck
the brooms were brought in. and the cash
for half of them was paid over.
"Now, what will you have for the re
nainder of your bill?" asked the mer-
MB
The pedler scratched his head again.
and. this time more vigorously. He walk
ed the floor, whistled, and drummed on
the head of a barrel. By and by his reply
Caine—slowly, deliberately and emphati
cally.
You Providence fellers are cute; you
sell at cost. pretty much all of you, and
make money. I don't see how it's done.
Now I don't know about your goods, bar
rio' one article, and of 1 take anything
else I may be cheated. No, seein' as
'twon*t make any odds with you, I guess
I'll take brooms. t know them like a
book, and can swear to just what you
paid for them."
And so saying, the pedler commenced
reloading his brooms. and having deposit
ed half of his former load, jumped on his
cart with a regular Connecticut grin, and
leaving the merchant cursing his impu
dence and his own stupidity, drove off in
search of another customer.
A Cow drover got himself into trouble,
in Montgomery county, the other day, by
trying a "trick of his trade" to impose on
purchasers through a most cruel infliction
on cows and calves. lie had tied a string
tightly around the jaws of thirty slaves
to keep them from sucking their mother s
in order to swell the cows udders and give
them the appearance of great milkers.
Ire was arrested under the lttw punishing
cruelty to dumb animals, and tined ten
dollars for each offense, amounting to
Timm are one hundred and eight rail
roads in Pennsylvania obliged to make
yearly report to the Auditor General;
twenty-nine street passenger railways;
fourteen canals, and six telegraph lines.
TIOGA comity claims to have a cow
from which eighteen pounds of butter per
week is made.
Berks county the collection of taxes
n the various townships is awarded to
ho lowest bidder.