S. W. YOCUM, Editor; VOLUME XLI, NUMBER 48.1 THE COLUMBIA SPY, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION WEEKLY, 00 per year, if paid In advance; slx months, $1 If not paid until the expiration of the year, $2.50 will be charged. S t.r. COPIES - - No paper will be discontinued until all arrear ages aro paid, unless at the option of the editor. Advertisements not under contract, must be 'narked the length of time desired, or they will be continued and charged for until ordered out. Special Notices 25 per cent. more. All Notices or Advertisments in reading mat ter, under ten lines, $1.00; over ten lines, 10 cts. per line, minion type. Yearly Advertisers discontinuing , their adver tisements before the expiration of the year, will be charged at full rates as above, or according to contract. Transient rates will be charged for all matters 01 relating strictly to their business. All advertising will be considered CASH, after first nsertion. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. CHAS. E. GAST, (Office with T. E.Franlain, Esq.) No. g 7 EAST ORANGE ST., LANCASTER, PA feti4-I.f B F. ESHLEMAN, • (0111ce with Iron. EE. alester,) No. )S NORTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA f...:1P.k3 Tat pinup D. BAKER, No. 11 NORTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA feb26-tf A . J. KAUFFMAN, Collections made in Lancaster and adjoining Counties. Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, and all claims sgainst the government promptly prosecuted. Onion—No.23S, Locust street. If . W. YOCUM, Attorney - at-Law 'a. Notary Public, COLUMBIA. PA OFFICE—SPY Building:, Bank Street, near Locust. Collections made in Lancaster and adjoining counties. HENRY C. G. REBER, No 528 Washington Street, near Sixth Reading, Pa, Collections made in forks and adjoining counties. nov27-1,1 H. M. NORTH, 1.1 Columbia, Pa. Collections promptly made in Lancaster and York Counties. T HOINIAS J. DAVIS, No. 14 North Duke Street, Lancaster, Pa. Professional Business carefully and prompt ly attended to. C0et;30.69-tf 1 - 1 P. ROSENMILLER, .la., _LI A.TTORNEY-AT-LA.W. Orrinn.—No. 5 Court Avenue, Lancaster, Ptt. JOHN M. GRIDER, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, SCRIVENER, &c. MountvlUe, Lancaster County, Pa, Otlice Hours from 6 to 8 o'clock, A. and 7 toil o'clock, P. M. M . CLARK, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. OFFICE—No. 12 N. Third street. Office Hoors—Prom 6 to 7 A. M. 12 to 1 P. M.. and from 6to 9 . y , fsepl-69-tfw SAMUEL EVANS, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. Office, on Second St., adjoining Odd Fellows gall, Columbia, Pa. D ENTAL SURGERY. J. S. SMITH, DENTIST, Graduate of Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. Office No. 210 Locust Street 2nd door above Odd Fellows' Hall. Columbia, Penn'a. Dr. J.'S Smith thanks his friends and the pub lic in general for their liberal patronage in the past, and assuring them that they can rely upon having every attention given to them in the future, In every branch of his profession he has always given entire satistaction. He calls attention to the unsurpasssed style and finish of artificial teeth inserted by blur. lie treats diseases common to the mouth and teeth of children and adults, Teeth filled with the great est care and in the most approved manner. Aching te'eth treated and filled to last for years. Tire best of dentrillces and mouth washes con stantly on hand. N. B.—All work warranted. sepl-09-lyw J. S. SMITH, D. D. S. A J. GULICK, • SURGEON DENTIST, Extracts Teeth without Pain. Nitrous Oxide or Laue;hing (ias administered. OFFICE :/iS LOCUST STREET. ment4-69-tcw B C. uNsELD, * TEACHER OF MUSIC PI 1:\ 0, ORGAN, :MELODEON, CULTIVATION of the VOICE and SINGING. Special attention given Beginners and young pupils. mept-149-13'iv 210 LOCUST STREET - f Z. HOFFER, . D N-TIST. Nltrous Oxide Gas administered in the extrac tion of Teeth. °Mee— Front Street, next door to It. Williams' Drug Store, between Locust and Walnut Streets, Columbia Pa. F. PUYSICIAN & SURGEON; offers his professional services to the citizens of Columbia cud vicinity. He may be found at the (Mice connected with his residence, on Second street, between Cherry and Union, every day, from 7to 9A. i‘E., and from 6 to SP. M. Persons wining his services in special cases, between these hours, will leave word by note at his °dice, or through the nost office. sepl-70 REAL ESTATE AGENCY The undersigned have opened an (Mee for the purchase and sale - of real estate. collection of rents, and the renting of property. Business entrusted to their care will meet, with prompt and careful attention. F. X. ZIEGLER,. 0ct3.1-'69-tfj A. S. RIAUFF.NIA.I.c. p BUILDERS AND OTHERS Runding, paving and other brick always on hand. They are hand made and saperlor to any brick in this part of the country. They are of.. feredat the very lowest price. sep 4-60-tcw2 MICHAEL LIM-lA:RT. HOTELS. WESTERN ELOTEL, No. 9.31. A; 15 CORTLAND'S STREET, NEW YORE THOS. D. WINCIIESTER., PitoritrEron. This Hotel is central and convenient for Penn sylvanians. ABLE 111.i.suLnit of Reading, Pa., is an its?..sistauL at tills lintel, and will be glad to see•lit friends at all times. 46 CONTINE:.s7TAL." THIS HOTEL IS PLEASANTLY LOCATED, between the Stations 01 the Reading and Coluta and Pennsylvania Railroads, FRONT STREET, COLUMBIA, PA. Ample accommodations for Strangers and Tray. elers. The Bar Is stocked with CHOICE LIQUOR.% And the Tables furaLslied with the best fare. EMAIL FINDLEY, Proprietor, sei*l-M-tflo] FRANKLIN ,HOUSE, LOCUST ST., COLUMBIA, PA. This is a nrst-classhotel, and is in every respect Adapted to meet tile wishes and desires of the traveling public. seld.-70 Proprietor, F RENCH'S HOTEL, On the European Plan, opposite City Hall Park New York. ii. FRENCH", Sept. 10.18l1S. Proprietor. ivr s EELER'S HOTEL, West Market Square, Reading , Reno's. EVAIs MISELLER, Proprietor. septl-66-tfw) $25 - TAPErpplosallleßME° MACHINE. The cheapest First Ch Machine In the market. Agents wanted In every town. Liberal commission allowed. Far terms and circular, address A. 5. HAMILTON, Gen..p.gent, No. 700 Chestnut St., Phil'a, Pa. • • • _ , . r • , .-.• otrr—• % , • ''' % V, 0 # r 7 BITCHER'S COL TThEY. T C. BUCHER, Wholesale and Retail Dealer In FIVE CEIITS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC Wines and Liquors Ras removed his Store to his Buildiug,adjoluing Haldemau's Store, Locust St., Columbia, Pa., where he has fitted up rooms and greatly increased his facilities for doing a more extensive business MISIILER'S CELEBRATED HERB BITTERS 1 PURE AND UNADULTERATED, These 'Bitters are celebrate& for the great cures they have performed in every ease, when tried Dr. Mishler offers five hundred dollars to the pro prietor of any Aledicine that can show a greater number of genuine certificates of cures effected by it, near the place where it is made, than AIISHLER'S HERB BITTERS MISHLER'S HERB BITTERS Is for sale In Columbia by J. C. BUCHER, At Ills Store, Locust Street, Columbia WINES AND LIQUORS ! Embracing the following; Catawba, Port, Lisbon, Cherry, Maderia, Currant :ind 'Muscat WINES COGNAC, OF DIFFERENT BRANDS Also, OLD RYE WHISKEY and BRANDIES of all kinds Blackberry Catawba, Cherry, EIS XX Ohl Rye X Old Rye, Pure Old Rye, Monongahela, neetlfled. Whisky,London Brown Stout Scotch Ale, &c., &c., &c. MALT AND CIDER VINEGAR He Is also Agent for the Celebrated MISHLER'S HERB BITTERS POCKET FLASKS. DEMIJOHNS, TOBACCO BOXES, and FANCY ARTICLES, in great variety, MISHLER'S BITTERS! PURE .t. UNADULTERATED BEST STOUT PORTER ! From B. .t G. lIIBBERT, LONDON PURE MALT VINEGAR Cannot be purchased et any other establish- ment in town. and Is warranted to keep fruits and vegetables perfect. Tile Best .Brands of Imported SCOTCH AND LONDON ALE TO SMOKERS AND CHEWERS Bue3sEn. will still keep f on hand the Best Brands o SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCO, SNUFF, HAVANA, YARA, and COMMON SEGARS. Also, SNUFF TOBACCO BOXES, PIPES—a thousand and one varieties. Call at Locust Street, adjoining Haldeman's Store. It Is the greatest establishment of the kind this aide of Philadelphia. Ist nlerll9-Only Agency for Lee's London Porter, and is's Bitters. Malaga, Champagne, Claret, Rhine, Blackberry, Eldel berry, Jamaica Spirits, Rummel, Ginger, Ei n, Superior Olu Rya, Pure Old Rye, XXX Old Rye, AGENCY FOR FOR SALE At. J. C. BUCHER'S For Sale by T. C. BUCHER For sale by J. C. BUCIIER, Locust Street, above Front Agent for the For Sale at J. C. BUCIIER S J. C. BUCIIEWS, COLUMBIA-, PA_., SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 9. 1870. MISCELLA_NEOvs. GRAND INAUGURATION _Ulf- LOW PRC ES HOMER., COLLADAY & CO., Nos. 1413 & 1414 Chestnut PHILADELPHIA, ARE ".. , 7014 OFFERING THE WHOLE OF THEIR MAGNIFICENT STOCK -OF DRESS GOODS, SILKS, &C. Replete with all the Choicest Novelties of the Season. TOGETHER WITH LARGE INVOICES OP DESIRABLE GOODS, Purchased in this Market for CASH, At Astonishing Low Prices ! H. C. C CO. conclude that it is only necessary to quote a few of their offerings as an index of the prices at whicn this SUPERB STOCK will be disposed of, to insure an early call. HANDSOME DOUBLE-WIDTD. CEIENE .IO HAIRS, 37j:: CENTS. DOUBLE-FOLD FOULARD MOHAIR-% 45 CEST:S. DOUBLE-FOLD NORWICH POPLINS,INTEE NEW LIGHT SHADES, 56 CENTS. HOYLE'S YARD-WIDE• ENGLISH PRINTS, Z" CENTS. PRINTED SATIN CLOTH - , A NEW ARTICLE FOR THE HOUSE OR WALKING COS TUME, 35 CENTS. ONE CASE OF TVIE FINEST ORGANDIES IMPORTED, 40 CENTS. REAL SCOTCH GINGIIAMS, IN ALL COL ORS, 2.5 CENTS. TWO CASES OF FRENCH FOULARD MO HAIRS, WHICH SOLD BY THE PIECE FOR 65 CENTS, ARE NOW OFFERED AT 56 CENTS. BLACK LYONS GROS GRAINS AND DRAP DE LYON. OF THE BEST RAKES, FROM $1.50 to $S PER YARD. WIENS SILKS OF TRE LATEST DESIGNS OP THE PARIS MARKET, AND EXTRA QUALITY, SOLD LAST SPRING AT $3.25, V. 50. STRIPED SILKS FROM $l.OO TO $2.00, BLACK CANVAS BABEGES, EXTRA. SU PERB QUALITY, 6234 CENTS. BLACK CANVAS BA...REG-ES, 75 CENTS BLACK CANVAS BAREGES, ALL WWII:LS AND QUALITIES, UP TO sti. WALE:ECG SUITS, LACE SHAWLS, LACE POINTS, ALL AT THE NEW RATES. April 16-3 m N° 18 SHREINER'S IS THE PLACE Where you cau buy a first rate AMERICAN, ENGLISH . OR SWISS WATCH, BEAUTIFUL SETS OF JEWELRY, HAND SOME BREAST PINS, EAR RINGS, SLEEVE BUTTONS, and almost everything In the Jewelry line AT THE LOWEST PRICE Or you can purchase FINE SILVER AND SILVER PLATED SPOONS, FORKS, KNIVES CASTORS, GOBLETS, ICE PITCHERS. BUTTER DISHES ..tc. sc. Then If you are in WANT OF TIME you eau buy any kind of AMERICAN CLOCK, - Warranted of the best quality, at a low tlgure CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELF CHAS. P. SUREINEWS Sept4wtri No. 13 Front St., Columbia, Pa. DRUGS. CHEMICALS y 33. KEVINSKI, " • DEALER IN PIANOS, ORGANS, MELODEONS, AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS GENERALLY. A large assortment of Violins, Flutes, Guitars, Banjo+, TarnUorines. Accordeons, Flies, /Jar naollleaS, ouU musical murehandLse always on hand. SHEET MUSIC. A large stock on hand, and constantly receiving all the latest publications as soon as issued. Alnsic and :Nlusical Books will be sent by mall free of postage, when the market price is rexiit ted. DACALCOIUANIA, Or the Art of transferring Pictureq. Can be transferred on any object. I would call special attention of the Conch makers to my stock of Ducalcomania. 121821= STEINWAY At SON'S PIANOS, PRINCE d: CO'S., & NEEDHAM & SON'S CELEBRA ORGANS AND MELODEONS. Sole Agent for Stoll's Unrivaled PIANO FORTE AND FURNITURE POLISIL Call and examine my stock at NO. 3 NORTH PRINCE STREET, LANCASTER, PA Ho! For the ffarvestof X 8.0! We would respectfully call the attention of all Farmers who need a complete combined harvester, to examine into the merits at our Lancaster county built Reaper and Mower, THE VALLEY CHIEF ! It is a simple two-wheeled machine, having side delivery, which throws the grain entirely out of the way et the team for the next round. It has a rear cut,a floating linger bar; lifeguards or lingers are made of the best wrought Iron, faced with steel. The height of the cut can be altered with case while in motion, thus ena bling one to pass obstructions or cut long or short stubble ; and the whole machine Is built with an eye to min:mime, simptiedy and durability. If you want a light, two-horse machine, the VALLEY CHIEF Is the machine to boy. If you want a machine that is able to pick up rcry badly /odgai. grain with ease and certainty-, and rake It on;,get the VALLEY CHIEF—It will do it. The Marsh Self-Rake in this particular, has no superior. If you want a machine that combines the qUal- It ies or a first-class self-raker in grain together With one of the best mowers get the VALLEY CHIEF. If you wish to get the machine that has hosts of admiring friends among hundreds of the In telligent and disci iminating farmers of Lancas ter county, choose the VALLEY CHIEF. We respectfully refer you to our friends in every township of the county for good words. One or our machines is on exhibition at the HARDWARE STORE OF MESSRS. nos- SELL, MUSSELMAN & CO., No. 2t North queen Street, Lancaster City. Mr. D. E. ISUREMOLDER, Is our general agent for Lancaster county. MARSH, GRIER t CO., Mount Joy, Lancaster Co., Ya. P. S.—This Machine Is on exhibition and for sale by SIMON J. EBY, I Millersville, and by J. H. KAAJFEMAti, at Millersville. may7-10t "NO 'ENTERTAINMENT BO CHEAP AS READING, NOR ANY PLEASURE BO LASTING." NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. E DWARD J. ZAHN, JEWELLER (Late H. L. & E. J. Zahrn,) Cor. N. Queen St., at Centre Square LANCASTER, PA. Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry SILVER WARE, Spectacles, best quality Silver- 4-2 , . Plated Ware, Thermometers. Personal and prompt attention given to Watch work and Repairing. Remember the OLD STAND, ZARM'S CORNER, North Queen Street and Centre Square, LANCASTER, PA. may 7 '7O 1 yr FINE FAMILY GROCERIES, AT HARDMAN'S! Just received, at the fine Grocery Establish melt, corner 3rd and Cherry streets, The follow lug new Goods: • SUGAR CURED HAMS AND DRIED BEEF, JELLIES, PRESERVES, HONEY, PEACHES, TOMATOES, ENGLISH PICKLES, WINSLOW'S GREEN CORN GREEN PEAS Se., Together with a very fine assortment of Family Groceries, of all kinds. A LARGE LOT OF ICEIV YORK CAZ:DIF-S, Oranges, Lemons, Figs, Raisins, Cocoanuts, and White Wine Vinegar. Extra Family Flour, INlercer Potatoes, Rio and Java Coffee, fresh roasted, Lovering's Syrup, &c. Atite•New Goods received almost daily. WINI. IL HARDMAN, 3rd and Cherry Sts. sep4-69-tftv3 Columbia, Pa. OPEN ! OPENING ! OPENED ! AND UNTIL FURTHER ORDERS, BREN - EM AN'S THE LARGEST STOCK OF HATS AND CAPS, For Men, Youth and Children, ever before offer ed to the people of Columblo t comprising as it does, STYLE and QUALITY in solt and stiff brim, such as the Warwick - , Ida Lewis. Sinbad, Prince Arthur, American Girl, Mute, Peerless, R Lady Thorn, owing, Star, Cuban, Waverly, Gilmore, Rob Roy, and the Fall style of Silk Hats, Just out, together with a full stock of FURNISHING GOODS, Consisting of White and Colored Shirts, Flannel Shirts and Drstvers, English, German and Do mestie Hosiery, Gloves, liandkerehleis, Sus penders, Ties, Linen and Paper Cuffs and Cob lars, Sc. Also, UMBRELLAS AND CANES Parties who favor us with their patronage are assured that it will be our constant ann to merit their confidence and support. Call and examine our well selected stock at at low prices. BRENEMAN'S Locust Street, Columbia, Pa 0et9.'69-ly STEAM COACH" WORKS. CHRISTIAN MYERS, COLUMBIA ST} AM COACH WORKS! REIIIOVED TO Nos. 9, 11 AND 13 NORTH sth STREET. The Carriages, Buggies, &e., made at these Works, are equal in beauty and durability to any other make in the county. coAcri smiTaurG, REPAIRING, tte. This branch of the business will be attended to with punctuality and despatch. CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES, Wagons, &c., for sale or made to order. •..- Call at the Works No. 9, 11 & 13 North Fifth street and examine the stock and prices. 5ep5439-tfw NO. 13 GARDEN, FLOWER AND GRASS S - FED S —AT— J. A. MEYERS', FAMILY MEDICINE STORE, ODD FELLOWS' RALE,' Our Stock is composed ENTIRELY of Seeds from the celebrated Philadelphia Seedsmen, D. LANDRETH S. SON. We have NONE other on hand, mid hav ing closed out every package of last season's stock, we guarantee all to be FRESH AND GENUINE, And will sell them at Landreth's prices. N. B.—Having removed my residence to house No. 23 Noarit SECOND ST., formerly occupied by Mr. Jacob Hess, any of my friends requiring Medicine during the night, will please call there. J. A. MEYERS, sent.4'69-tfw Odd Fellows' Hall. JUST RECEIVED A LARGE SUPPLY OF FRESH GROCERIES, -A T - David Mullin's Grocery Store, Cor. 4th 4 Cherry Streets, COLUMBIA, PA. The undersigueJ, having been in the business since IS-19,1s enabled to buy and sell goods at better bargains than can be made elsewhere. lie has now on hand a fresh supply of GROCERIES 16: PROVISIONS. Of the best quality, which he will dispose of at Prices that defy coropetitioi SUGARS AND COFFEES Of the best brands, direct front New York COFFEE, Green and Brown. TEAS ! EMPIRE, JAPAN, ENGLISH - BREAKFAST AND BLACK TEAS of every descriptio n HAMS AND DRY BEEP Fresh from Pittsburg, at the lowest price. better In the market. POTATOES, FISH, FLOUR, I'EED, And everythin In the Grocery line. oc Thankful for past favors, the undersigned re spectfully solicits a continuance of the same. The citizens of Columbia, and pu bile generally, will find It profitable to visit my store, as anti determined to sell none but the best goods, and at the lowestngure, DAVID NI ULLES, apll6.2rrtj Cor. Fourth Cberry Sts., ColllllllAm CALIFORiVIA WINES I•Slt DOZ. PIM GALL. SONG3LA S 8.00 02.50 PORT. 12.00 :t.50 SHERRY 10.00 3.00 ANGELICA, 10.00 3.0') BRANDY, 18.00 6.00 Sparkling can.mrAIGNE 2,.66 I 'All warrantal to be made of CALIFORNIA GRAPES only, pure and harmless. '9-11,.C11.URCILES supplied Witit pore GRAPE IV INES for COMIII(MIOU purposes, at reduced rates. OFFICE :-641. EAST JUNG ST., LANCASTER. J. J. SPRESGEIt. N. h.—Also. always on hand a general assort ment. of BREWERS' SUPPLIF—S. JASPER GREEN, Designer de: Engraver on Wood. COLIMII3 LA. PA. Is prepared to execute Views of Buildings, Xll chinery, Bill Reads, Posters, Labels, &e., in the neatest and most expeditious manner, at rea sonable rates. BOOK AND NEWSPAPER ILLUSTRATIONS Executed in the Highest Style of Art. may:V:7W FOREIGN FRUITS, THIS DAY, THIS WEEK 128 Locust Street, GENTS' PRICE: LIST ~tlGtC,lf, ONLY A BOY Only a boy, with his noise and fun, The veriest mystery under tho sun ; As brimful of mischief, and wit and glee As ever a human frame can be, And as hard to manage—what —all ma! 'Tis hard to tell, Yet we love him well. Only a boy, with ids fearful tread, Who cannot be driven, but must be led; Who troubles the neighbors' dogs and cats, And tears more clothes, and spoils more hats Loses more kites, and tops, and bats, Thou would stock a store For a year or more. Only a boy, with his wild, strange ways; With his Idle hours on his busy days; With his queer remark's and his odd replies Sometimes foolish and sometimes wise, Often brilliant for one of his size, As a meteor hurled -y Front a planet world, Only a boy, who will be a man, If nature goes on with her first great plan ; It water, or fire, or some brutal snare Conspire not to rob us of this our beir, Our blessing, our trouble, our rest, our care, Our torment, our joy "Outs a boy." THE MEETING With time I turn—years backward float Again that golden shore I trace, Where in the light of long ego. I first beheld thy face, Soft summer airs waved warm and light ; A solemn psalm breathed o'er the bay, Came like the choral branch of night, Ascending far away. The sun burned downward to the deep. And glowed through many a purple bar ; like n vorgin front her sleep, lrose the evening star. There oft had I with care oppressed, Forgetful, dream'd of other lands ; And thou had'st sought a realm of rest Along those silent sands. As mists that melt in azure skies, Thy tears fell fast; such woe was mine; Like magnets glanced thy streaming eyes, And drew my soul to thine. `.'Alisrtliancolts Rending BROWN AND JONES =7l4;=MWM=== Llfr. Prouni.—Neighbor Jones, they tell me you are a Protectionist, and as I can not see why a shrewd farmer like you should want to tax yourself to help others to do some kind of work that can't be made to pay its own way, I have come over here to see about it. .Touts.—Glad to see you, Mr. Brown ; but you must learn my views before you can truly state them. I bold that where a tax must raise prices, as it always must by the amount of the tax, and where the thing taxed is made or raised by both Americans and foreigners, the tax should be laid on the imported article, so as to • make the foreigner pay as much of it as we can. Brown.--That sotuals very well ; but are you sure he does not add the tax to his former price, and charge us the whole thing? doses.—Often he cannot. lie can only raise the price to the point where our American producers could afford to make or raise all we need of it. Take pig iron. We make nine-tenths of all we use, whether the tariff is high or low. If it is high, we import about one ton in thirty ; and if it is low, about one in twenty-five But in either case we produce nearly all we use, and the price, therefore, like the price of butter, leather, boots and shoes, and other things which we produce main ly at home, is mainly fixed by our own supply and demand. If it were possible to make us wholly dependent on impor tation, the increased demand on foreign pig-iron makers would enable them to double on their prices, as they did in IS3G, when free trade had stopped many of our furnaces and the price of the im ported article went from $:27, its average price under protection, up to $52.50. Of course, an article so extensively used that we ordinarily import only a tenth of our supply, would rise, if we were compelled to import even half of it, to two or three times the ordinary price, Brown.—Very likely - ; a removal of the tariff would often raise the importer's prices ; but I do not quite see why he can not add the duty to his selling price, and make the consumer pay it. .Tones.—Let me suppose a case : A manufacturer in Sheffield, England, makes cutlery, and has usually shipped to America knives which cost him $4 a dozen, to be sold at $5 a dozen, whereby lie controls the market, as the Aniercau maufacturer cannot make them less than $7. A duty of $3 a dozen is laid on them, and, he says : "Nov I cannot sell these for more than $7.50 a dozen, for at that Price the American shops can make the same knives at a profit, and if I sell at $O, they will cut me out of the trade al together. I will, therefore, pay the duty of $3 a dozen myself, sell them at $7.50., and have 50 cents profit, instead of sell ing them at $O, with $2 profit, as I did be fore the American tariff was passed." The effects. therefore, are : 1. The price of knives to the Ameri can consumer is not raised, by the amount of the tariff, S 3, as Free-Traders assert, but by only $1.50. 2. The amount of the tariff is not charged over by the importer on the con sumer, as the Free-Traders assume, and paid by the American purchaser of knives, but is paid by the British manufacturer two-thirds thereof out of previous profits, and one-third thereof out of the rise in price, so that only the latter—one-tnird of the tariff—is paid by the American consumer. 3. Though the price of the article is raised by $1.50, yet had the tax been lev ied in any other manner whatever, the price of whatever it was levied upon must have been raised $3. American consumers therefore have not only got rid of $2 of tax, by collecting it out of their British cousins, but have avoided $1.50 of the rise in price, which would have resulted somewhere else, and on something else, if they had levied the tax where _Unerieans would have to pay the whole of it. 4. American manufacturers, who had previously been undersold by SI a dozen on knives, now find they can make them at a cost of $7 a dozen, to start with, and make a profit of 60 cents a dozen. But as they go on, and their skill, organization and capital increase, they constantly tend to produce them more cheaply, until, at last, they can produce them at $6, $5, or $4 a dozen, and the foreign manufacturer is finally and forever undersold, and driv en out of the field. • This is the process of making foreigners, at the same time, pay our taxes, and sup port our industry. BTOIOI.-1 . see you have cyphered that sum down pretty close. But if tariffs on imports are a means of collecting our taxes out of the people of other nations, why is it that none of our great free-trade writers sec the advantage of them? Jones.—The wisest of them do. Mr. John Stuart Mill, the ablest of living ad vocates of Free Trade, says in vol. 2, page 457 of his Principles of Political Economy: "Those are, therefore, in the right, who maintain that taxes on imports are partly Paid by foreigners." Brown.- - Why, is he, then, a free-trader? .Tones.—He is a Free Trader in English sense; because the manufactures of Eng land have outgrown the need of protec tion. The stronger, like. the lion among beasts, never seek protection against the weaker. But Mr. Mill, like Adam smith the so-called father of Free Trade, is only a qualified Free Trader. Both admit the propriety of protecting industries under certain circumstances; as, where they are essential to the national defence in war where they - are adapted to the natural re sources of the country, and only need en couragement to mahe them profitable where they are already in existence, am the removal of the tariff would throw their workmen out of employment, etc. All these reasons apply to the protected American industries; and of course, when you grant the wisdom of the principle of Protection to particular industries by tar iffs, you must also grant that each nation will judge best for itself what industries it should protect. /3rown.—lrow, then, can such men be called Free Traders? Joncs.—They are Free Traders of the English sort. English Free Trade means that breadstuffs shall come in free, because England has so little farming laud that she cannot possibly raise all her own grain. In everything but breadstuffs, she could undersell all foreigners be [ore she declared for Free Trade. Brown.—Free Trade in England and Protection to America are alike, policies of encouragement to manufactures—the one by securing them the home market for their goods, and the other by securing them cheap food for their operatives. Jones.—Certainly. The repeal of the protective duty on corn was the only tri umph ever won by Free Trade in England For three hundred years before that, and until her manufactures could emu- Pete with the world, she protected them by heavy tariffs. She has abandoned Protection now, because she has nothing capable of needing it. Broum.—l think you are right in claim , .ing that foreigners pay a considerable share of. the duties on articles in which they compete with us as producers. But is not this profit offset by the fact that Americans pay in increased prices under Protection, a considerable amount of tax which does not go into the treasury? ,Tones.—No. It is impossible that a net profit which we make out of foreign coun tries can be offset by any loss or profit we make out of each other. If out of our 5180,000,000 of tariff duties, we suppose that 20,000,000 are paid by foreigners, our people as a whole are relieved from $20,- 000,000 of direct taxation. It is as if the interest on our national debt were reduc ed from six per cent to live. liroam.—True, but nevertheless, so far as Protective tariffs raise the price of pro duct, only the increase in price on the portion imported goes to the Government while the increase in the price of the por tion produced in this country goes to the manufacturer, miner or farmer producing it. It is, in effect, a tax paid by the con sumers of that product to the producers, and I am opposed to taxing one set of men for the benefit of another. .Tones.—So am I, where it can be avoided But abstract equality of taxation is an Utopian dream. It is a logical impossi sibility to impose a tax on anything, for eign or domestic, land or goods without changing values in such a way as to make ono man's property worth more, and another's less. In levying the internal revenue on whisky, it was seen that to tax the process of manufacture would en rich the owner of a stock already manu factured, since he would add the amount of the tax to his selling price. To tax the whisky already in the vaults of wholesalers would raise the price of the liquors owned by the retailers, who would add ti,e amount of the tax to their selling price, 11 o igh they had not paid it. Yet the retailers were so numerous, and their stocks sepe rately so small, that to prevent their mak ing this profit was impossible. If we fail ed to tax the imported high wines, the tax on the American whiskies would raise the importer's price, and so act as a bounty to the foreign against the home producer. If we taxed real estate it lessened its Profit to the owner relatively to other kinds of property, and so amounted to a bounty to those whose property was per sonal. If we taxed incomes, it was a boun ty to the man who would swear down his income return, as compared with one who made an honest return. If we levied an aggregate of $400,000,000 of taxes• on American industries in any manner, and levied none on products of foreign indus try coming into the country, this was a tax on American and a bounty to for eigners, which would enable them to un dersell us in our markets by at least forty per cent. It being absolutely impossible to lay any tax so that the whole amount collected from the people shall go into thee, treasury, i. e., so that it shall not change the values of various kinds of property to the benefit of some and the injury of others it is no fair objection to a Protective tariff that it has this effect in common with all other modes of taxation: It disturbs val ues and changes prices. So do all taxes. To the extent that a tax raises the price of an article on which no tax has been paid; it taxes the community to enrich an indi vidual. Protectionists merely recognize this effect of a tax, to change prices and to endeavor to so adjust the tax, that the price raised shall be that of an American product, while the thing that pays the tax shall be the imported product. Broten.—But why not tax both equally? .Tones.—This is not possible, lxxituse we can never compute with certainly the ac tual tax on the domestic article, and be $2,00 Per Year, in Advance; $2.50 If not Paid in Advance. cause, with every change in the cost of producing it, here or abroad, the equality of the tax would cease. Brown.—Why can't we compute with certainty the actual tax on the domestic article? .Tone.—To compute the amount of tax which rests on a product, we must know how much tax enters into the cost of its production. This includes the increase in the wages of the workmen who make it, by reason of the . tax they pay on the tea, coffee, and sugar, beer and liquors they coastline, on the clothes they wear, and the implements they use, on the property they own, and the income they earn, and the increase in the cost of their food by reason of the tax paid by the far mers on what they consume, and which in the end, go to raise the price on farm ing products, to those who have to buy them. If, therefore, a duty of $7 per ton is laid on imported pig iron, it is obvious ly impossible to tell what part of this tax is offset by the increased cost of domestic production, until the tariff has developed its results. If it has checked the impor tation and increased the domestic pro duction, then we know it has afforded protection- If it has raised the price of the product $3, while other taxes have raised the cost of producing it only $2, we know it has afforded S.l protection. When, for instance, in Wisconsin the product of pig iron rises front 2,000 tons in 1860 to 50,000 tons in 1870, we may as sume that the tariff has been protective ; the tax ou the foreign article being more than the rise in the domestic cost of pro duction. But no mathematic:Mu could compute with exactness all the items of tax which cause the rise in domestic cost of production. We estimate that our national taxation equals one-tenth of the total earnings of our industry, and the State and local taxes generally amount to another tenth. Hence, in the grand total, one-fifth of all we produce is re ceived by the national :Lull State govern ments in taxes. On this basis we may roughly estimate Oral, a tariff of twenty per cent, 011 all foreign products is nec essary to offset our home taxes merely. Bat in addition to this, our cost of labor is increased by the better mode and means of living demanded by the laborer. If American laborers are to eat white bread, and meat twice a day with tea, coffee. and beer if they like, while British and French eat black bread, and meat once a week ; if Americans are to wear better clothing, live in better houses. have better furniture, support their own churches, and educatz their own child ren, their share of the product of labor must be greater than that of the paupers of Europe. At least twenty per cent. more of the tax on the product of foreign labor is demanded to protect American labor in its better style of liv ing, and prevent American - workingmen from being pauperized. Under these cir cumstances, and until our national debt is paid, an average tariff of 40 per cent., at least, is needed. Brown.—But Protective Tariff must less en the revenue, since it is only by exclud ing imports that it affords protection,and by excluding imports it diminishes the' amount of duties paid on them. Jones. ---Nonsense. Every Protective Tariff excludes part, and admits part. It gives, generally, an increased revenue on the part it admits, and protection to our producers against the competition of such parts as it shuts out. In 1861, under a revenue tariff, we collected only $39,000.- 000 of revenue. Then we passed the Mor rill Tariff, which we have since raised every year. 1\ lark the result. In 18012 we collected $59,000,000; in 1803,$69,000,000; in 1561, $102,000,000; in 1865, 885,000,000; in 1866, 8157,000,000; in 1868, $170,000,- 000; in 1868, SW-4000,000; and in 1809, 5177.000,000. The amount of our revenue is four and a half times greated under our present tariff than under that of 1869. 'Had it not been, repudiation would have been inevitable. Then we collect $1 of revenue to 88.50 of imports. In 1565 we collected Si of revenue to S''.ll of imports. Of course that is the best tariff for reve nue which, from a given amount of im ports, collects the hugest amount of rev enue. So it has been in every change from a Revenue Tariff to a protective one. —Thvon , Almadac. ITEITSPAPERS IN TEE TINITED STATES Newspapers in the - United States are now so numerous that it is well nigh im possible for any oue to remember a fraction of the list, and it is therefore with pleas ure that we note that Geo. P. Rowell Co., publishers, of New York, have issued a new and completely revised edition of their Newspaper Directory. A trade so immense as that of newspapers leas had but little attention called to it, and we have as a people but very little knowledge of the inunense degree of capital required to carry it on. Journalists, it is true, have dilated much upon the dignity and the value of the press, but have studiously abstained from touching on material con siderations. It is the poetry, and not the prose, of newspaper life %Odell attracts the attention of our fraternity generally. Yet even at this we hear much untrust worthy gossip relating to newspapers, and the public evidently believes what is told it. We propose to supply our readers with some of the plums we have extracted from this work, perhaps supplemented with some things out of our own knowl edge. The largest paper in the United States is the New York Independent, and it has also the largest advertising patronage of any weekly paper• in the country. Its editor is the best paid of any editor of a periodical other than daily. The largest daily is either the New York Tribune or the New York Journal of Commerce: which, it is difficult to decide. The small est daily is the Ithaca Leader. at Ithaca, N. Y. The New York Weekly and Don ner's Ledger have each more than three hundred thousand circulat ion, and exceed any others in the United States in this respect. Among the newspapeis which are printed with news the New York Tribune and I'oiueroy's Democrat have the greatest issue—about two hundred thousand each—but, on the contrary, some newspapers hi the South do not claim over one hundred and twenty. The average circulation of a weekly country Paper in the Western States is about six hundred and fifty, in the South five hun dred and fifty, and in the East about nine hundred. There is a weekly• country pa- [WHOLE NUMBER., 20,848. per in 'Rhode Island, however, - which has a circulation of over seven thousand. There is one daily in New York which annually receives over eight hundred thousand dollars a year from advertise ments, and there are two others which re ceive over four hundred thousand. The total number of newspapers are printed in the United States and British Provin ces, of which about one-quarter come from Pennsylvania; forty-eight are issued in French, fifteen in the Scandinavian languages, ten in Spanish, five in Dutch, four in Italian, three in Welsh, two in Bohemian, one in Russian and English, and one in Chinese and English. San Francisco has the greatest proportion of periodicals published in foreign languages although the aggregate number is in this proportion reversed, New York has six German dailies. two French, and one Scandinavian, besides twenty-three in En glish. The highest salary paid to an edi tor in America is ten thousand a year: we would not dare to say how small the lowest is. For full information on these and other topics we desire to recommend this book. It has, in addition, a Newspaper Bate- Book, giving the rates of advertising in all the prominent newspapers of America, which we learn that it costs thirty dol lars to insert an advertisement one inch long in a certain New York paper one time; and a number of sketches of Men Who Advertise. Men who advertise and make money by iL must of necessity know something, and the story of their lives show how they gained such knowledge and such experience as to make their pow ers available. Altogether this volume is useful both for entertainment and for business, CUTEST TAIMEE TRICE. Connecticut broom peddler—a sharp chap, from over among steady habits, wooden clocks, schoohuastars and other fixins—drove through the streets of Prov idence, heavily laden with corn brooms. Re had called at se'f'eral stores and offered his load, or ever so small a portion of it; but when he wanted case, and nothing else in payment, they had uniformly given him to understand that they had brooms enough, and that hemight go further. At length he drove up to a large wholesale store on the west side and once more of fered his wares. "Well,l want Vie brooms badly enough, "bitt what will you said the merchant, take in pay?" This was a poser. The peddler was aching to get rid of his brooms; he de spised the very sight of his brooms, but lie would sooner sell a single broom for cash than the whole load for any other article —especially that which he could not dis pose of as readily as he could of brooms. After a moment's hesitation, however, he screwed his courage to the sticking point —it required some courage after having lost his chance of selling his load half a dozen times by a similar answer—and frankly told the merchant he must have cash. Of course the merchant protested that cash was scarce, and lie must pur chase, if he purchased at all, with what be had in his store to pay with. He really wanted the brooms, and he did not hesi tate to say so, but the times were hard, and lie had notes to pay, and had goods that must be disposed of. Finally, lie said that he would put the goods at the cost price, for the sake of trading, and would take the whole load of brooms which the peddler had labored so unsuccessfully at the other stores to dis pose of. `• So unload the brooms," said he, to the man of Connecticut, " and select any ar ticles from my store, and you shall have them at cost price." The peddler scratched his head. There was an idea there, as the sequel shows plainly enough. you what it is,' he answered at last; just say them terms for half the load, and cash for Collier half, and I'm vein man, plowed of I don't sell coot, if Connecticut sinks, with all her broom stuff, the next minute," The merchant hesitated a moment, but finally concluded the chance a good one. Ire would be getting the brooms for some thing that would not sell as readily; as fur the cost price, it was an easy gammon in regard to it. The bargain was struck the brooms were brought in. and the cash for half of them was paid over. "Now, what will you have for the re nainder of your bill?" asked the mer- MB The pedler scratched his head again. and. this time more vigorously. He walk ed the floor, whistled, and drummed on the head of a barrel. By and by his reply Caine—slowly, deliberately and emphati cally. You Providence fellers are cute; you sell at cost. pretty much all of you, and make money. I don't see how it's done. Now I don't know about your goods, bar rio' one article, and of 1 take anything else I may be cheated. No, seein' as 'twon*t make any odds with you, I guess I'll take brooms. t know them like a book, and can swear to just what you paid for them." And so saying, the pedler commenced reloading his brooms. and having deposit ed half of his former load, jumped on his cart with a regular Connecticut grin, and leaving the merchant cursing his impu dence and his own stupidity, drove off in search of another customer. A Cow drover got himself into trouble, in Montgomery county, the other day, by trying a "trick of his trade" to impose on purchasers through a most cruel infliction on cows and calves. lie had tied a string tightly around the jaws of thirty slaves to keep them from sucking their mother s in order to swell the cows udders and give them the appearance of great milkers. Ire was arrested under the lttw punishing cruelty to dumb animals, and tined ten dollars for each offense, amounting to Timm are one hundred and eight rail roads in Pennsylvania obliged to make yearly report to the Auditor General; twenty-nine street passenger railways; fourteen canals, and six telegraph lines. TIOGA comity claims to have a cow from which eighteen pounds of butter per week is made. Berks county the collection of taxes n the various townships is awarded to ho lowest bidder.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers