ordinary -revemms tho annual appropri- i nllon of £700,000 for free matter ami the j amounts paid to subsidized mall steamship 1 Hues from special appropriations, llio de- I ' ficlency paid out of the general treasury was i £3,317,7155.94, an excess of £38,970,728 over ! the deficiency for tho year 1871; 1 ■ Other interestlngstatistionl information relating to our rapidly extending postal service is furnished in this report. Tho total length of railroad mall routes on tho 3Uth of Juno, 1872, was 57,911 miles, 8,077 additional miles of such service having been put into operation during the year. Eight now lino of railway post offices have been established, with an aggregate length of 2,909 miles.' The number of letters ex changed in tho mails with foreign coun tries was 24,402,500; an increase of 4,000, nr 20 per cent, over tho number of 1871, and the postage thereon amounted to £l,- 871,257.25. The total weight of tho mails exchanged with European countries ex ceeded 820 tons. Tho cost of the United States trans-Atlantic steamshin service was $220,301.70. The total cost of tire ■United States ocean steamship service, in cluding the amount paid to tho subsidized lines of mail steamers, was $1,027,020.97. The following are tho only steamship ( linos now receiving subsidies for mail ser vice under special acts of congress; The Pacific mail steamship company receives £500,000 'per annum for corrylng a monthly mail between San Francisco and China and Japan, which will be increased to £1,000,000 per annum on and nfrer Oc tober 1,1873. •. The United Slates and Bra zil mail steamship company receives £150,- 000 for conveying a monthly mail between New York and llio de Ja niero, Brazil. Tho California, Ore gon and ' Mexican , steamship com pany receives £75,008 per annum for carrying a monthly mall between San Francisco and Honolulu, Hawaiian islands, making-the total amount of mail steamship subsidies at present £725,000 per annum. Our postal communications with all parts of tho Civilized world have been placed upon a most advantageous footing by the improved postal conventions, and ar rangements recently ' concluded .with the leading commercial countries of Europe , and America, and the gratifying statement .is made that .with the conclusion of a satisfactory convention with Prance, tho details Of which have been definitely agreed to by tho head of tire French postal department subject to the approval of the minister of finance, little remains to ho accomplished by tho treaty for some time to .come with respect either to a reduction of rates or Improved facilities of postal intercourse. ■' id'- ath Your favorable consideration Is respect- shorn- m secured to mom m ice, u. fullv invited to the recommendations made due to bo used for the settlement or other 'bv the postmaster general for an Increase friendly Indians. Efforts will bo mode In, of service from- monthly to seml-raonthy the immediate , future to Induce the re trlns on the mall steamship route to Brazil moval of ns many peaceably disposed In* and for a subsidy in old of the establish- dlans to the Indian territory as can be set ment of an American line of mall steam- tied properly Without disturbing the bar era between San Francisco and Now Zea- mony ofcthoso.already there. There Is no land and Australia: also for the establish-, other location now available where a peo ment of post offices, savings banks, and pi©, who are to acquire a for the Increase of the salaries of the heads knowledge of pastoral and -agricultural of bureaus. pursuits can bo as well accommodated ns • I have heretofore recommended the abo- upon the unoccupied lands In the Indian Iltlon of the franking privilege and see no territory.. rehson now for changing my views on that a. territorial government sliould, how subject. It not hating been favorably re- evcr pro tecc the Indians from the Inroad garded by congress, however, I nowsug- 0 f whites for a term of years, until they geat a modification of that privilege, to cor- become sufficiently advanced In the arts rect Bs glaring and costly abuses. . ftnd civilization to guard tlfolr own rights, postal tkleghaphy. and from the disposal of the lands held by 1 will recommend als(f the appointment them for the same period, of a camralttee or commission to take into During the last fiscal year there were consideration the best method equitable to disposed of out of the public lauds 11 .864,- private corporations who have invested <J7S acres, a quantity greater by 1,09D,2<0 their time and capital in the establishment acres than was disposed of the previous of telegraph-lines of acquiring the title to year. Of Ibis amount 1,370,320 acres were all telegraph lines now in operation, and bold for cash; 389,400 acres located with of connecting this service, with the postal military warrants; a,671,332 acres taken service cf the nation. It, U not probable for homesteads; 603,613 acres located w»th that this subject could receive the proper college scrip; 3,054,887 acres granted to consideration during the limits of a short railroads; 405,347 acres granted to wagon session of congress, but it may be Initiated roads; 714,255 acres given to states as a® that future action may bo fair to the swamp land; 5,700 acres located by Indian government and to private parries con- scrip. The cash receipts from all sources cerned ; ' ■ In the land office .amounted to *3,218,100. There are bat three lines of ocean steam- Durtng the same S iod w f r f o^ei-ed 9 °7B^acrcs reiHiV . andTapah, with provision mane for semi- Sic hmd owned and operated under our flap. the nast season and the increased yield of earnesly riMMjmmraa tlmt such of pro duce, oven in those states tracts for carrying the malls he authorized i t „ rr it tir jQ 3 w j lore mining is the prln with these lines ns will Insure eioal business, •agricultural products nave tlnuanco. .If the exped:leney of extend- P‘j the local demand, and liberal ing the of the to »nes made to distant of steamers which lutheito have not re •.1 patents tlio vear ending cefved.it should he deemed worthy of the P ' , {o 1872, "there” were issued consideration of congress political and September .u xm*, « nt commercial objects make itextensions,' and 556 certificates and regis bestow such aid on a hne under our Hag t ( i ur lnp the same between Panama and the western boutfi ft™ rd lfl ih- American ports. By this means much > » . ftud ( t es j Kri a Have been trade, now diverted to other countries, The might he brought to us to the material ad received’ during the same vantage of this country, and those, lying in fees lec ft e ,"“ ntf(l a ' $700,954.81), that quarter of the con ment of America. 1 ,) le total expenditures , The report of the secretary of the tren- j B0;) BB3iiW , I)a i;iug the not receipts • snry will show an alarming lading oil in ,7 ' px .,endltures, $77,400 20. Since ■ our carrying tradennVvear IMG, 200,000 applications for patents have twelve years, and oven for the past year. » . and*about 133 000 patents ssued. ido not believ* that public troaeu boon uuder the, can be better jjj® fntpi.nver and general organization as the whole people than in trying wore adopted at Its original Inauguration this trade. An expenditure 000 worn a lOO to 500 applications per annum for the next five years, it it wut-u > annum. The cbmmis . would restore to us - our l> lo PO r * s i on er shows that the office has outgrown ' tion m°lm<lbe C nre&lv expended 4. T e tlm original plan, and that a new jTrgm,l -world would be prontaojj Hxpumeu. j. iic . became necessorv. This sub price of labor In Europe has so much en- • presented to congress, in a special hanced with n the last lour_years thgt the £ a c m^u ’ n |*l at | on | n February last, with cost of building " Ild . o ff r ?“ n | l | my approval and the approval of the sec somewhat increased by aohs ot ’’ ountry that j wU I commend It to the at e2l?rc! rT ln the Several tenfon of congress. The commissioner Of the Uul cd fc atca vote m tno sev, ra treat 3 tbe BUbject of tbe separation of states of the Union ami toenmrco ine pro . tho Da tent office from the department of visions of the-fourteenth to .. P ntflr i or This subject is also epibmced the confltitutlou of Uio fTultc4 and U bm referred to. fhecom- Ihfl aroeodments tlierela l cannnyim a complains of the want of room tlon the necessity e * e ", the, model gal lei y and for the working these enactments. Eeckless anti Jawles and the necessary files of the office. men, to deprive It Is impossible to transact the business of selves together Insomo localities to deprive ofll( £ . , wlthout more room in other eltr/.ens of the rights gnarantei dto bld t 0 J m , n g e , fli c3 nn g drawings that tliem by the constitution of the United daily la the transaction States nnd to thatond committed deeds l^ n e “ D9 T IO whole of the patent of . of blood and flee wm soon he needed, It not already,for nnd rome?3lou St the necommodntloh of the business of the, have tdnded greath to the ropreaawu oi tent offlco ana pensions. The amount such disorders. I do " n, ; do l\ l 1 (bl , JJatd for pensions in the last fiscal year was majority of the P“°P e n Pv all ' £.10,169,340, an amount larger by $37,081.- eoifntry favor t ' lfi t n -Side I *1 than was paid during the preceding classes of persons, qt those righto to which , . or t i,| 3 ‘ amount $2,d13,-W were they ate ™ de ,f t , u n e““ i paid under the act of congress.of February nnd laws, and X invoke me am aou iiixtiv* v . mirvlvors of the war of ence of ail good citizens to prevent annual 7 lncrease of pensions by zatlons whoso objects are by umawtm . lwlslatlon 0 t congress has more than means, to interfere with these rißnis. i •* w[tb tbo natura i yearly losses look with confidence to a time not fat dm- P.P , ro i] 9 . The act of congress of tant when the jimo 8, 1872, has added an estimated —tof $760,000 per annum to the rolls nets referred to, and when It wou’d be un necessary to carry ou persecutions or inflict punishments to protect eltlreus from tbo lawless doings of such combinations. Applications have been madotonm to pardon persons convicted ot a violation ot said acts, upon tbo ground that clemency in such cases won d tend to trannuillzo dbo public mind, and to test tbo virtue ot that policy, I am disposed, so far as my sense of duty will permit, to give to these applications a favorable com sideratlon, but any action tbercon.is not to be construed ns Indicating any change in my determination to enforce with rigor such acta so long as the conspiracies and combinations •therein named disturb the pence ot the country. It is much to be re gretted, and is regretted by no olie more than myself, that a necessity has ever ex isted to'execute the enforcement act. No one can desire more than f that tlie neces sity of applying it may never again bo de manded. . . . . The secretary of the Interior reports satisfactory improvement and progress in each of tbo several bureaus under tho con trol of tho interior department. They nro all In excellent condition; tbo work of which in some ot them for some years has been brought down to a recent date, and in all the current business has been promptly dispatched. .... , Tho policy which was adopted at the be ginning ot this administration with regard to tho mangemnnt of tho Indians, has been as successful as its most ardent friends anticipated within so short a time. It has reduced tho expenses ot their manage ment, decreased their forages upon tho white settlements, tended to give tho largest opportunity for the extension of tho great railways through the public do main and tho pushing of settlements Ihto more remote districts of tho country, and ot tho same time improved the condition of tho Indians. Tho policy will bo .main tained without any change, exccptingsnch as further experience may allow to be necessary to render it more eflicieut. The subject ot converting the so-called Indian territory south ot Kansas into a home for the Indian, and erecting therein a territorial fonii of government, is one of great Importance ns a compliment of tho existing Indian’ policy. The question of removal to that territory has-within the past year been presented to many of the tribes resident upon other and . loss de sirable portions ot the public domain, and has generally been received by them with favor. As a preliminary step to the orgnlzatlon ot such a territory It will be necessary to confine the Indians .now .resi dent therein to farms of proper size, which mid be secured to thorn In fee, tho rest without Increasing Urn number of pension ers. tVo cannot, therefore, look for any substantial decrease (n the expenditures of this department for some time to oomo, or so long ns congress continues to so change the rates of pension. The whole number of soldiers enlisted in the war of there hellion was 2,«B»,ian. The total number of claims for invalid pensions Is 17(1,000, helm* but six per cent, of the whole num ber of enlisted men; the total number of claims on hand at the beginning of the year was 90,039; the number received dur ' ing the year was ti 11,074; the number dis posed of was 39,178, making a net gain of 13,(104; the number of claims now on file la 711,080. On tho 00th of June, 1872 there were on tho rolls tho names of 03,400 invalid military pensioners; 113 oiB widows, orphans and dependent relatives, making an aggregate of 208,023 array pensioners, at the, same tune there were on tho rolls the names 1,440 navy pensioners, and 1,730 widows, orphans and dependent relations, making tho whole number of naval pensioners 3,189. There have been received since the passage of tho act to provide, pensions tor ofs of tho war of 1812, 30,551 anplioajlons prior to Juno 30, 1872. Of these there . were allowed daring tho past fiscal year 20,120 claims, and 4,845 wore rejected dur ing the year, leaving 11,580 claims pending at that date. Tho number of pensions ot all classes granted during the last fiscal vear was 33,838. During that period there were dropped from tho rolls for various causes 0,104 names, leaving n grand total of 232 220 pensioners on tho roils on tlio 30th of June, 1872. It Is thought that the claims for pensions on account of the war of 1812 will all be disposed of by the Ist of May 1872. It Is estimated that $30,480,000 willbo required for thp pension service during the next fiscal year. Tim CENSUS. The ninth census is about to he complO' ted Its early completion is a matter ol congratulation, inasmuch as the use to ho made of tire statistics therein contained depends very greatly on the promptitude of publication. The sccietary of thei in terior recommends that a census he taken in 1871), which recommendation should re colve tho early attention of congress. rhe Interval at present established between tho federal census Is so long that the in formation obtained at the decimal periods as to the material resources of the nation Is'of little value after the expiration of the llrst halt of that petted. It would proba bly obviate tho constitutional provision re carding tho decimal census If a census ta ken IuiSTC should be divested of all politi cal diameter and no of congressional representation bo made un der it. Such a census, coming as It woukl in tho last year of the first century of our national existence, would furnish a noble monument of the progress of the United States during that century. The rapidly Increasing Interest In education Is a most encouraging feature In the current history of tho country, and It Is no doubt tme that this Is due In a great measure to the efforts of the bureau of education. That office la continually receiving evi dences which abundantly ptovo Its effi ciency from tho vai lous ■ Institutions .of learning and educators of all Kinds throughout the country. The report of the commissioner contains a vast amount of educational details of great fnterest. The bill now ponding before congress pro viding for the appropriation or the net proceeds of tho sales of public lands for educational purposes, to aid the states in the general education of their rising gen eration, is a measure cjf such vital im portance to oar real progress, and Is so unanimously approved uy tho loading friends of education, that I commend It to tho favorable attention of congreaa. Affairs In the territories aro generally satisfactory. The, energy and, business capacity otthefrplonceß.who are settling up the vast domains not yet Incorporated Into stales ore keeping pace In Internal improvements and civil government with the older communities. In hut one ot them, Utah. Is the condition ot affairs un satisfactory, except so for as tho quiet ol the citizen may he disturbed by real or Imaginary danger of Indian Hostilities. It has seemed to Go tho policy of the legishiT hire ot Utah to evade all responsibility to the government of the United States,,and even to hold a position in hostility .to It. 1 recommend a careful, revision of the pre sent laws of tho territory by. congress, ami the enactment of such a law as the one proposed In congress at Its last session, .tor Instance, or something similar to It, as will secure peace and the equality of all citi zens before the law, and the ultimate ex . tingulshment of polygamy. . . Since the establishment of a territorial government for tho District of Columbia, the improvement of the condition of tho city of Washington and surroundings, and the Increased prosperity of the citizens is observable to tlie most casual visitor. Iho nation being a largo owner of the property in that city, it . should bear with the citizens of the district. A just share ’of the expense of those im i provemonta, ] recommend, thareion** an appropriation to reimburse the citizens i fertile work done by them along am! in front of the public grounds during the past year, ami liberal appropriations In i order that the improvement and embclllsh ; ment of the public buildings and grounds may keep pace with the Improvements 5 made by the territorial authorities. AGUICULTUIIE. The report o£ the commissioner of agri culture nlvos a very lull and Interesting account o£ the several divisions of that de partment; the horticultural, agricultural, entomological and chemical, and the bone fits conferred by each on tho agricultural Interests o£ tho country, -The whole re port 19 a complete history ot the workings of that department ■in all its branches, showing tho manner in which the farmer, merchant and minor is Informed, and the extent to which ho ls aided In his pursuits. The commissioner ranges one recommend ation—that measures ho taken by congress to protect and.induce the planting of, for ests: and suggests that no part of the pub- Ho lands should bo disposed ot without tho condition that one-tenth ot It be reserved in timber where it exists, and where It does not exist Inducements should be of fered for planting It. CENTENNIAI, OKJ.EUnA.TION. In accordance with the terms of the act of congress, approved March 3,1871, pro viding tor tho celebration of the one hun dredth anniversary of American inde pendence, a commission has been organ ized, consisting of two members from each of tho states and territories. This com mission has held two sessions, and has rondo satisfactory progress in the organi zation and in the Initiatory steps neees saty for carrying out tho provisions of lire act and for executing also tiro provisions of the act of June 1,1873, creating a centen nial hoard of finance. A preliminary re port of progress has been received from fee - president' of the commission, and is herewith transmitted, It will be the duty of the commission at your coming session to transmit a full report of tho progress made, and lay before yon de tails relative to the exhibition of cm* own and foreign aitlsts, product* and menu- 1 failures, which, by tlio terms of the act, is to he hold under the auspices of the, government of tho United States, in the cl Iv of Philadelphia,-In thoyoarlßiU. This celebration will be looked forward to by American citizens with great inter est, as making a century of greater pro gress and prosperity than is recorded In the history-of any other nation, and is serving a further good purpose in bringing together on our soil people of all tho com mercial nations of the world hi a manner calculated to’ evince international good feeling. An earnest desire has been felt Incor rect abuses which have grown up in the civil service of tin* country tlirough tho defective method of making appointments to office. Heretofore federal offices have been regarded too much ns the reward of political services. Under authority of con cress rules have been established to regu- Tate tho tenure of cilice and tho mode of appointments. It cannot te expected that any system of rules can be entirely effect ive, and prove a perfect remedy for the existing evils , until they have been thoroughly tried by actual practice and -amended according to tho require ments of the service. During .my term of olliee it shall be my earnest endeavor to so apply the rules as to secure tho greatest possible reform in Iho civil service of the government, but -it will require tho di rect action of Congress to render the en forcement of the system binding upon my successors, and 1 hope that tho ex perience of the list year, together with appropriate legislation by congress, may reach a satisfactory solution of this ques tion, and secure to tho public service lor ail time a practical • method of obtaining faithtuland efficient ofllccra and employ es. ' U; S. Grakt, ■Executive Mansion, Dec. 2,1872. Ilepott of the Secretary,of the Trcns- Wawhinutok, December 2.— The repov of the secretary of the treasury is void 01 any particular interest, so : far as a recom mendation of a change In the present financial policy of the government Is con* cerned. The secretary expresses his opin ions freely on certain questions of .finance and political economy, but makes no recommendations. He renews his recom mendations for the passage of a mint bill wltlrsuch alterations as will prohibit the. coinage of silver for circulation la tins country but with authority lor the coinage of a silver dollar that shall boas valuable ns a Mexican dollar and to bo furnished at'lts actual coat. .Such coin ho thinks will facilitate commerce between the United States and China. In regard to a new issue of national bank notes, ho says: “It Is not an exaggeration to say that, a necessity exists for a now Issue of national bank notes. The reasons for such Issue were given in my last annual report. He recommends the,purchase of the ic raaiuder of the square upon which the public buildings at Boston are situated, and asks further-legislation-from congress relative to the purchase of altos for pnbllo buildings at Philadelphia and Cincinnati, the appropriation made at the last sessidh oi congress being inadequate for this pur pose, Ho recomrueads the extension of the system of life saving stations in tho vicinity of Cape Uatteras, and renews hi? recommendation for tho erection of pa vilion hospitals at New York, San Fran cisco and Pittsburg. Ho considers that the time has come when the attention of the public Is turned naturally to the finan cial policy of tho country, and that that policy must rest upon tho past and the present in regard to-the financial and tarUt measures necessitated by the -war. -He save tho wisdom of these measures, speak ing generally, has been established, and, subject to such clmngea as tbe changing condition and opinions of -the country and people may demand, they will remain a part of bur public policy until the hnan i clal consequences of the war disappear, 1 The weight of tho national debt has been I so great that for raoro that ten years there I has been no opportunity for the practical discussion of thedoctrlnes of protection and and free trade, and in that long period of protective policy Incident to tne burdens of the war, the nation has advanced rap idly rind safely in the development of Its national resources. Anticipating a condi tion of peace, wo may also anticipate a general reduction in tho percentage ot customs, tills reduction, however, should not bo measured solely by the wants of the treasury, but regard should also be had to the condition of the various bran ches of Industry in which the people are engaged, hr the-presence of the fact that the leading pursuits of tho country are si runner than ever before. In tlie posses sion of adequate capital and a supply of intelligent laborers, there may he a moder ate reduction from time to time on rates of duties as tho diminishing expenses of the government shall permit, without cither alarming capital or injuring labor. He thinks the nation*! blinking system so far superior to the state bank system and to any system of private banks as to render an argument In its behalf, in those respects unnecessary, while the substitu tion of an - equal amount Of United States notes as currency wonld bo productive of serious evils and losses, but does not think the system perfect, nor that the issue of notes directly by the government should be surrendered and tho business ot tarn ishing a currency yielded to national banks. , ■ • .... , He thinks a degree ql flexibility in the volume of currency is essential for two reasons: ...... •First —Tho business of the department cannot be transacted properly if. ft limit Is fixed and tho power to raise the circulation above or reduco it below that Amount is denied. A rule of tills nature would com pel tho secretary to accmhulato a largo currency balance, and to hold it, as other wise tho credit ot the governoient in meet ing tho ordinary dally claims upon it would bo at tlio mercy ot every serious business and political revulsion in the United States or Europe, and especially would tills bo truo now that our ordinary currency ex penditures are greatly in excess ot our cur rency renewals. Secondly—There is a necessity every autumn for moving the crops without de lay from tho south and west to tho sea board that they may he in hand for export and consumption ns wanted. ■ Tills work •should ho done in tho main before, the lakes,' rivers and canals 'are closed, and yet it cannot bo done without tho use ot largo amounts of currency. ’ In tho sum mer months funds accumulate nt tho. cen tres, but thu renewal of business in Au gust and September gives employment for largo sums and leaves little or nothing for forwarding tbe crops in October and No vember. Nor wonld this dlflloiiHy ho ob viated by a permanent reduction of tho volume of currency. Tho dllllculty is due to the natural order ot things and increases with the prosperity of the country, as shown In the abundance of tho harvests. The crops cannot be moved generally by the aid of hank balances, cheeks and letters of credit, but only by,bonk notes and United btnlo.4 notes paid to them. This money finds its way speedily Into tlio channels of (rode and to the conmierolal’centres, hut if It he allowed to remain for genera) use nfterthe reason for Us Issue has ceased the volume of currency would be increased perma nently, and the year following the same process w*uld be repeated with the same results, and thus would- the country de part more and more widely from the policy of resumption. The problem Is to find a way of increasing the currency for moving the crops and diminishing It at once when that work is done. This is a necessary work, and Inasmuch ns it cannot be con fided to the banks, where but in tho treas ury.deparhnentean the power bo reposed? The argument in favor of a paper cur rency composed-in pari of .United States notes and in part of national bank notes is strengthened by the aid which may thus be furnished in resuming and maintaining specie payments. • -In tho view I am now able to lake, I ex clude tiic idea that tho government will ever abandon the Issue of national bank notes and undertake the issue of United Slates notes In their place. Tho result of such a policy may bo forseur, tho people deprived of the facilities for business af forded, by the banka would seek relict through great institutions, and without | such delay congress would concede to them I the right to issue notes for circulation, This concession would bo followed by a surrender - bv the general government of all control over the paper circulation ol tho country. The true policy will bo found in continuing the national banking system without, however, yielding to the claim lor a material increase of its Issues in proportion to the value of paper in elr-. dilation. There arc two elVoolual and cer tain ways of placing Urn country in a con dition when specie ami paper will, possess the same commercial value. Ily diminishing the amount of paper in circulation tho difference between the commercial value of paper and coin will diminish, and by pursuing this policy the difiVrenco will dis appear altogether. All legislation limited in its operation to 1 tho paper Issues ot banks and of the gov i eminent, whether bearing interest or not , ' and wldch In its. effects shall tend to di minish tho market value of coin will bo found upon an analysis to contain a plan for contracting the volume of paper cur rency,. anil all legislation so limited which docs not contain such a plan will prove Ineffectual. Accepting this proposition and believing llmt the country is not pre pared to sustain the policy »f contraction, It only remains for mo to-consider tho means by wldch the value of our currency may bo Improved. Tho basis of a policy of improvement must bo found In a steady - refusal to add t.o the paper In circulation until It is of tho same value substantially ns coin. -■ . , This being accepted as tho settled pur pose'Of tho country 7 there can bo no per manent Increase of the difference bet ween paper and coin, and an opportunity will bo given for tho Inllnenco of natural causes tending upon the whole to bettor the financial condition. Wo may count first among theoo the Increase of. popula tion and its distribution over now fields of labor. Secondly, in the south, especially tho number of persons having property , and using and Holding- money will In crease. Next, we may anticipate a more general use of paper In Tex.as and tho Pa-, emc states, by which- practically for the rest of the country the volume of p.'per will ho diminished and tho quantity of coin increased, two facta tending to produce an equality of value. The influence of these natural causes will bo counteracted in some degree by tho Increasing facility for the transfer of money from onojpoint to another and by tho •'renter use of bank checks and certificates of deposit. The rapid transit of merchan dise la bringing the period of Us consump tion nearer to the time of Its production is an agency of a similar sort. Giving to these views their full weight, I am pre pared to Bay that the experience of tho last three years coincide with tho best, judgment 1 can form and warrant the opinion that under tho Influence of exist ing national causes ouafiuanclal condition will gradually Improve. Tho revival of our foreign commerce Is ono instrumental ity and perhaps the most cllleleut one of all. If tho annual earnings of American vessels were eighty million.*} instead of thirty the difference In the amount of ex change available would meet a large part of the adverse balance In ordinary yeari The experience of Eiifbpe tends to show that tho ability of a country to maintain specie payment Is largely due to.tho condi tion of its foreign trade. Xoxt, every measure wldch increases or improves the channels of transportation between the seaward and the cotton and grain grow ing regions of the country or lessens tho [cost of freight adds something to our ca pacity to compote successfully in the mar kets of the world. Finally, those reasons which encourage American manufactures, especially those of iron, wool and cotton, and discourage the importation of like pro ducts effeet’fttvorably tho balance of trade, and helps us toward the end we seek. Tins statement In three parts Is a general sys tem of a policy that in my opinion will aid the country In reaching a condition when It will be practicable to resume and main tain specie payments. Anticipating that day I anticipate alsothattheburden of tho resumption will rest upon tho govern m Without proceeding to the discussion of the subject in detail, l think that all will have been gained that is ot value when tho treasury shall bo prepared to pay the demand notes of the government in cum and the banks shall bo • prepared to pay their notes either In com or n legal lender notes, and thou our good fortune will clearly appear in this that our paper cur rency Is not exclusively of national bank notes nor exclusively of United Matts Geo. S. Uoutwell, Secretary of tho Treasury. Mias Emily Pollliroll Miss Faithful!, says tho Mew York oor nsnourtent of the Cincinnati auzitte, tills our Ideal of an English woman, tahe. Is a largo, well developed lady rather, stout, with a face denoting great strength and vigor of ■character, florid cmnnlexlon, ami a nose decidedly rctrousee. Her nrc* strongly marked; her brow?', which are almost massive, project over her eyes .bright and deep set, in conversation ll«btr inir op almost to brilliancy. The lower port of her face la heavy; she hejs a double cblu and a small month. Her hair Is cm short in tho node, without trlzz or curl, or kink of any hind, and confined with a low band of black velvet, ribbon. .She-baa afine shaped bead, winch almost atones for the nizly ftiahlon of her hair. She was drented in a rich brown silk. trimmed with brown velvet, a plain, short skirt, and deep basque. The only.osnanumt site wore was n medallion, with the queen's miniature act In gold, fastened around her neoa with a broad tfluo ribbon. ‘ . Miss Falthtull comes to America in a two fzld capacity. In that of lecturer, she will tell ns all about the social question now ' agitating her own eouuntry ami the world. Fler topics embrace n wide range of Inter* ■ est. sno will talk of the different classes inakln® up sociotv in England, of tlie royal family? and of what will bo of far more in* terest for people to hoar, she will -tell us of Iho laboring poor, of the great industrial problems being worked out uowlnEngland, ■m which she has taken so active and suc cessful a part. ■ . , , .' . , She also has a semi-ofhcial mission from the government to look into the subject of. women’s work and wages here, to visit the factories, to report upon,the number of hours 'employed, and the pay received in all the avenues of labor ip which women are engaged. The homo secretary, Earl Shaftesbury, In expressing his sympathy with the object In view, said; “No one in England is better qualified to undertake such an inquiry than Miss Failhfull, or to convey the result in a manner more likely, to'secure the attention of her country- * U She is in gfeat demand with lecture bureaus ami considered one. of the best cards tor the season. Philadelphia has seemed her first appearance, Sim; gives her opening lecture there on Tuesdnj evening. She is accompanied by her sec retary, Miss ratterson, a young lady of de cidedly Yankee characteristics, slight form, delicate feature?, and pale face, not at all 1 having tin* fresh, robust appearance that wc expect to see in the English girl. During the correspondent’s call.busan B, Anthony was announced, and thou oc curred ’ a -notable meeting between the typical English woman’s rights woman. • and the typical American woman s rights woman. They gave, in greeting, evei.\ - evidence ot hearty good fellowship, mid in the complete recognition, each ol the other, 1 saw the token of-a grand com radeMiip, seldom -found among men, amt almost wholly unknown among women.. 1 , Uere met two women who had consecra -1 ted their lives to what they believe to be u great work —that of elevating and enno bling their sex; and however misdirected these efforts may seem to tho worlds wo must admit that their work has been con ceived in conscientious conviction and cai * lied out with entire devotion. No one could for a moment doubt this, who might 1 have listened, as I did,.to tho earnest erin i versa*l»n of these two women. - (aiuiiAi.i*rs hw'ond wifi: Tho Urent Uliorntor'A aintrlmonjal laftiloluy-TUo Hurt. Uomanre « W«d NlKht. Aimo Brewster writes from Milan to the Boston Advwtiner: The villas nn Lake Como have variona*attractions; some are historical, some are simply hospitable, although elegant enough to hoshow vluas,- wlilch they arh nfcf; am! some have outranh histories. ‘ Near f’omo is a palatial villa, with forest like grounds, which is one of • many villas belonging to the , faster of Garibaldi’s second wife, tho marohese. He has ref need 150,000 francs for this villa dell Ormo, but ft Is said, ho .will take a million If offered. In It unVl on Its vast grounds was hold the common Industrial and agri cultural • exhibition of this season, which event gave moa ehance toaeethe build ing. The villa has some superb halls In It, and tho grounds aro very largo. • A gentleman who sat next mo the other day at a dinner party gave' mo a-little bit of romance about tho Marchcsa Garibaldi, as tho second wife of the famous, Italian general la called. I heard that she was the , wife of Garibaldi’s sou . “N*ot at nil," said my dinner table com panion, a ifllanc.se count, who know all about tho strange affair; she is tho second wife of the general himself. She left him the day after the wedding, and they have never met since."' ■ , I looked all tho questions 1 was dying to ask, upon which ho added, with a laugh and a shrug, as If ho knew more than was proper to toll at that moment: “Xo reasons were ever given on either Sl The subject was dropped, Iml it recalled tome, a strange story 1 had heard some years ago ofiv second marriage ol Gari baldi's and which served well to join on l« the unfinished or broken link that my din ner acquaintance had given me. 111 tell it to yon as It was told to mo, and yon can join tho two Hnksor not, just ns yon please. 11, was at least a dozen years ago. Iho lady was young, titled, rich*,handsome, ami fast. No name -was given me. She eon calved a’desperate, passionate admiration fo.rlhe famous ‘'liberator of Italy." She was young enough to be Garibaldi's daugh ter, and ho was poising then, as he has always, for tho inconsolable widower, tho celebrated “Anita,” his first wife, who ac companied him through many of his.adven tures, and whoso- sad death has been so often and so touchingly described, is sup posed to bathe only love of Garibaldi a life. Nevertheless, tho marriage, took nlace between tilts general and the young Ixmi hardy marchcsa. Hut, sad to reHUe, on the wedding day, .after the ceremony, Garibaldi’s received Information, with un doubted proofs, of Hie immorality of his ■ young bride. Why had ho not bean in formed sooner? X cannot tell, you any thlugtfmt the simple story as I heard it. 1 neverask questions on such occasions. 1 think it keeps tho cream of a ‘romance from rising' properly. When tho newly • married pair where loft alone, Garibaldi i told his young wife what lie had heard, • hut added: ,7 lt! you will say you are an honest woman, I will lake your word. “But if 1 cannot, \yhat then?" asked the marchcsa. “Wo must part forever this very mo ment,” replica Gailbaldi. , Tho voung woman turned, left her Hus band of an hour and never saw him again. It was said that the stories against her character were false, and tho young girl, though gay, was innocent, But her pride was so wounded at tho charge being made by her husband at that moment, and in such a peremptory manner, mat she scorned lo justify herse.lf; Ids want ol faith in her dispelled her. illusions and broke tho charm of her love. ’ 1 saw tho Marchcsa Garibaldi at one of the regattas ou hake Como early In Sep tember. She Is about thirty-live years old, I should think; a handsome, but coarse looking woman; has llercc, deliant block eyes, dark skin, heavy black hair, parted on one side. Thrust through tho thick braids at the back-was an oxydlzdd silver imbvo; placed in tho same way that the Trastdvom.tortolso shell daggers are worn in the hair. She wan dresswl very simply In seia crudti or raw silk, costume, and round hat with cook of the wood's feather. Tills is a Boston Oh'M libel on the conn try cows thereabouts: "A millt dealer, who nets Ills supply of an honest old farmer, on opening a ran of mill; found a large bull-frog swimming around. lie sont word to tho farmer that ho thought his mill: strainer was entirely too coarse,’' ■ Tho using of postage stamps on letters that have already served their purpose Is punishable with fine. There are about 12,000 Sunday, schools In the country, JOO.OOO teachers and 1,000,000 pupils,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers