Ale . • , •-_ • I ! ••• 4 --- d 1 - • 1, •••• 41,„ , '-• . . .I`.-7-7.11,45.,_,..14,..p • • .• -_ • r ;14 (~)1 4 • c 4 p vio b. VILP, "`*;k. • t. VOL. 51. AMERICAN VOLUNTEER. fPBLISnKD BTBRT THDOBDAT HORKTNQ BT JOHN 6. BRATTOH. T E R fa S Bo»«oi«ptio‘h.—'fwo DMlafs if paid witUn the y wr| apd Two Dollars andTfilty Cents, if no" paid i within the year. These terms Vill bo rigidly ad hered to in every Instance. .subscription dis continued until all arrcp.rages unless at the option of the Editor/ ; Advertisements —Accompanied feythotJAsir, and ttpt exceeding one square, will bo inseftod throe nines for $1.50, and twenty-five cents, for oaoh additional insertion. Those of a groator’l'ctfgth in ‘proportion. Jod-Printino— Such as Hand-bills, Posting-);to pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, Ac. Ac., executed with oouruoy and at the shortest notice. WINTER CABE OF STOCK. Every intelligent and tin ifty farmer tinder stands perfectly well the importance of prop erly oaring for his stock during the winter months. While it is a true saying that stock well wintered is half summered, it is equally -true that stook'cofning to the barn in tho fail 'in good condition andgobd htfKl't can bo winter ed much tnbrb cheaply than that which comes in pour condition. It is almost impossible fur the most skillful manager to bring an animal from a low to a fair cr high condition on Hny alone—the usual feed for young cat tle,’sheep and colts during winter—but if in a good state of health and flesh on the ap proach of winter, with a suitable amount and quality of hay, their condition may and should be kept good, and the young stock growing until the season for turning again to grass. This can only be. done by careful and regu lar feeding, good, pure water, and suitable shelter from the most inclement weather du ring the winter months of. our northern cli mate, Variety of food-is very essential to the thrift of most animals,, while it is top of ten disregarded by those having care of them. No good breeder will overlook this most im portant matter. Boots, such as turnips, caarrots, etc., canbe produced in great abundance upon almost any farm in the country, nnd are a very great help to eke Out a short supply of hay, while they are of the greatest advantage to almost any kind of farm stock. At the oresent high price of all kinds of grain there are hut few farmers that will feed it, especially to store cattle or sheep. Its place may be supplied in a great treasure by roots, and that former is wise who has laid in a good quantity for winter feeding. A little Corn in this way will, often times, save whole flocks and herds from diseases incidental to insufficient keep or want of change in feed. Young animals particularly should he well fed and cared for through the first winter of their existence. It is too often the case that calves, colts, and lambs are neglected and loft to shift for themselves the first winter, anil us a consequence are barely able to gut from the barn to pasture in tho spring. In this condition it takes almost the entire gras> sea son -to recover what flesh nmi itr'etVgli they have lost during the winter, for want of that care and comfort which Common humanity would seem to dictate. The most successful breeders and stock raisers give the utmost attention to their young animals through their first winter, and are sure that they have good shelter, the .best of food, and abundance of pure water all the time. Their growth should at no time-be checked for want of attention to these important considerations. While every branch of husbandry requires the closest and most careful attention of on interested and skilful manager none suffers for want of it so much as stock during the winter season. —American Stock Journal. Want of Decision. — Sidney Smith, In his Vork on Moral Philosophy, speaks in this Vise of what men lose for want of a little “brass,” as it is termed. “A great deal of talent is lost in the world for the want of a little courage. Everyday sends to their graves a number of obscure men, who have only remained in obscurity' because, their timidity has prevented, them from making a first effort, and who, if they bad only been induced to begin, would in all probability, have gone great lengths in the career of fame. The .fact sa, that in doing anything in the world worth doing, we must not stand shivering on the bank, thinking of thd cold and danger, but jump in and scram* bio through aa well tv< we can., h tt will not do to, be perpetually calcula ting risks and adjusting nice chances ; it did all very well before the flood, when a man could consult his friends upon an intended publication for a hundred and fifty years, and live to see its success foe six or seven bonturies afterwards ; but at present a man traits and doubtH, and consults his brothers, bud Ills uncles, dnd.li.i6 pdrticular friends, till bne day he finds that ho is sixty-five years of Ige, that he has lost so much tiriie in consult ingftrst Cousins and parfciodlaT friends that Jjehad.ho rtiore time to follow.their advice. There is little tirrie for ntpreeeflfcj that, the opportunity slips away. The very ptiflod.of life at which niaa chooses venture, If is fio confined. Ihatit is no bod rule to preach dp thd necessity, id such instances, of d llttld violence done to the feel* fogs, and efforts made in defidned of Strict ti.nd lober Calculation.'* . Wolf Eft oh the Sandwich IsbAtfftfl.—A lady writing from Honolulu, f bus discourses upon, the native women and their free nnd easy manners: The women areereot, wide in the shoulders, &Dd carry their beads-like queens; many of them are truly handsome, weaving their hair Wling over their shoulders in ourlB„and,sur mounted with.:little straw, hats garlanded l kith wreaths of lovely native flowers. They tlotho themselves modestly 1 and prettily, fearing the dress to cover neck and arms, Jod falling,loosely,from.vtho shoulders to the ™P of' the feet,-which are often bare- Not Ming civilized like", us; they have not been •ohghtened-into compressing their ribs with lr °n and whalebOno obraets. npr to disturb and torture their,feet with overtigbt shoes, nor to fut bonnets , on their heacis’ that riitf up into °frets of silk and artificial flower, and le’av the ears at the mercy. of the bitter winds, fir to make, up forfy-fiVe yards df steel wire ‘“ra cages and fasten themselves within them, .' r to carry, an extra half yard of drestf stuff ~'. a Y®'y after,them, on the pavement through ln « and thin. Yet these'women have the ran to go of us, for are we not forced by the ]J'' !nc 'es of custom, when we come with our , garments upon ,any impurities of the LVj Wtt y. to’ shut bur eyes and qlenoh out 1 (h„ th p n ,d push blindly over them', whereas » kanaka ‘women’, nt tbe sight of even a °‘ water, lift , their light garments gip t y fd pass oyer, olenn and unsuilid from contact ? Can’ this bo barbarous f PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE. Fellow Cititena of the Senate and House of Repreaentattvea I Again tho. blessings ol health and an abundant harvest claim our proioundest gratitude to Almighty God. FOREIGN RELATIONS. . The condition of our foreign affairs is reasonably satisfactory. Mexico continues to bo a theatre of civil war. While our political relations with that country have undergone no change, wo have at tho same time strictly maintained a neutrality- between the belligerents. At the request of the States of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, a competent Engineer has been authorized to make a survey of, tho river San Juan, and tho port of San Juan. It is a source of much satisfaction that the difficulties which for a moment excited softfc political, apprehensions, and caused . a closing of tho intcr oceanic transit route, have been amicably adjusted, and that there - is a good prospect that the route will soon bq with an increase of capacity and Wo could not exaggerate either the ,'coratoercial of the.politlcal im portance of improvement. It would be ’doing injustice to an import ant South American Slate not to acknowl edge the diroctnuss, frankness, and cordial ity with wlilch the‘tjnited States of.Cnlum bla have entered into intimate relations with this Government. A'Claims Conven tion has-been' cohstitpted to complete the unffnished work outlie one wliich closed Its session in Tstfl.. The now liberal constitijtion of Venezuela having-goho into effect, with the universal acquiescence of the people, the,GoverD- Tnebt under it 'has been recognized, and diplqthkric intercohrso has. beeq .opened, With it in a ’Cordial .anci friendly spirit. • The long-deferred Areals land c|alm bps been satisfactorily paid and discharged. Mutual payments -have. been made of the claims awarded by thoVate -joint commis sion for (he settlement of claims hotweeh. tho United States tfnd Peru.. / An earnest and coraiajYrrentfshlp conllh- ,• ues to exist between the two countries, and Bach o{forth as WerA lh thy power have been Used to re'movo'mianndersfanding an cl avqrt h threatened war between and Spain. Our relations are of the most friendly .na ture with Chili, the Argentine Republic Bolivia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, San Sklva 'd»r. and Hayti. During I ho past year no dlff'erendes of afoy kind have arisen with any of those Rcpnb-, lies, and on the other hand their sympathies with the United States 'aVb cordially ex pressed with cordiality and earnestness. The claims arising from-the seiznrp of , the cargo of the brig Macedonia,, ip 1827,, have been paid in full by the Government of Chill. Civil war continues in the Spanish partof San Domingo, apparently without prospect -of an early close. Official correspondency has been freely opened with Liberia, ant) it, gives na a pleasing view of social ana polit ical progress in that Republic. It may bo expected to derive new vigor from American influence, improved by tho rapid disappearance of slavery in the Unit ed States. 1 solicit your authority to fur nish to the Republic a gunboat of moderate coat, to he reimbursed to the United Stales by instalments. Such a vessel is needed for tho salety of that State against the na tive African race's, and in Liberian hands It would he nloro effective In arresting Ihe Af rican slave trade titan a squadron in our v D' 1 n hands. The possession of the least or ganized navol fotao wolild stimulate s gen erous ambition in the Republic, and the confidence Which we should manifest by furnishing it would Vrin forbearance and fa vor towards lb© Colony from dll civilized nations. The proposed Overland Telegraph be tween America anti-Europe, by the way of Behrings Straits nnd Asiatic Russia, which WAs siOctloned by Congress at the last ses sion, has been undertaken under very fa vorable auspices by ah association ol Amtr loan citizens, with .the cordial goodwill and support as well of this Government as of those of Great Britain and Russia. Assurances have been received from moist of the South American States ol their ap preciation of the enterprise and their read iness to co-operate in constructing lines tributary to that world encircling communi cating. I learn with mm h satisfaction that the noble design of a telegraphic commu nication between the eastern coast of Amer ica and Great Britain has been renewed, with lull expectation of its accomplishment. Thus it is hoped that with the return of domestic peace the country will- be able to resumo with.energy and advantage its for mer high career ofcommerce and civiliza tion. Our Vsry popular and estimable represen tative in Egypt.died in April last. Au un pleasant altercation which arose between the temporary incumbent of the . office and the Government of the Pacha resulted in a suspension of intercourse. The evil, was promptly corrected on the arrival of tlib’ Successor of the. coDSulatej and. our rela-. tions with Egypt, aa well as bur relotions, with the Barbary are entirely ‘sat isfactory. The rebellion which has been.to longira ging in China has been suppressed., with the co-pporatipn and offices of this Government and rodst of the other Western commercial Mites.; . , . The judicial consular establishment there has bacorile very difficult.and onerous, and it willneed legislative.revision to adapt it. to the eXteDoloh of our 1 commerce, and to the more intimate intercourse' which !had been instituted with the Government of that vast empirb’. China seems to be accepting witli hearty, good will the conventional laws which reg- Uldto commercial cha . social intercourse among’th'e western nations, .. t , t Gwing to the peculiar S'ltuntldn 6T Japan, and the anomalous form of its government, the notion of,that Empire in performing a treaty stipulation is inconstant and capri cious. Nevertheless good progtb'gfi hd£i been made effected by the Western Powefs nioV ing with enlightened cdnpdrt. Om* own pecuniary claims have been al lowed or put in course of settlement, and the inland sea has been opened to com merce. There is reason to believe {bat these proceedings have increased rather than diminished the friendship of Japan to wards the United States. TUB OONTBAtfAHI TRADE WITHTHB REBELS. • The ports of Norfolk, Fernandina, and Pensacola have boen opened by proclama tion. It is hoped that foreign merchants Will now consider whether it *is not safer and more profitable to themselves as' well adjust:to the United Status, to resort to' these and 1 other open ports, than It ia tq pursue through' rrfanj hazards end at vast cost a contraband trade with other .ports which are closed, If not by actual military occupation, at least by a lawful and effec tive blockade. For mysblf.Jl have nodoubt’ of the power ahd dutyjof tljo Executive, under the law of nations, to. exclude ene mies of the human race from'an asylum In ■ the United Slates. It Congress should think that pro ceedings in snclrcsses lack the authority of - the law or ought.lo be further regulated by It, I recommend,that provision be made for 1 effectually preventing foielijn slave traders' "OUR COUNTRY—MAY IT ALWAYS BE EIGHT—BUT EIGHT OK WKSnq OHK COUNTRY." from acquiring dotqiciie and facilities for their criminal occupation In onr country. it is possible that If if were a new aHd.an open qUeitlon, tho maratirito- powei-3, with the lights they how enjoy, would not ccn codo tho privileges ttf.s naval belligerent fd tho insurgents ol tho United States, desil tiite as they are and always have boob equally of ships of war and of ports and bat hers. Disloyal emissaries havo beenneitb. or less assiduous nor more successful dur ing the last year than they were before that time In thoir efforts, under favor of that privilege, to embroil our country in foreign war. The doslra and determination of tho Governments of tho maritime seat, to de feat that design aro believed to be as sin cere, and cannot bo moro earnest than onr own. Nevertheless, unforeseen political diffi culties havo arisen, especially in Brazilian and British ports, and on the northern boun dary of tho'Unitod States, which have re quired. and aro likely to continue to require tho practice of constant vigilance, and a just and conciliatory spirit on the part of tho United States, as .well as of tho nations concerned and their governments. Oommissionor. havo bean appointed un der tho treaty with Great Britain on the ad justment of the claims of tho Hudson’sßay and Puget’s Sound Agricultural Compan ion, in Oregon, and are now proceeding to tho execution ol tho trust assigned to them. TAE RAIDS PROM CANADA, In View of tho insecurity of life and prop erty in tho region adjacent to the Canadian border, by reason of secret assaults and depredations committed by inimical and desperate persons who aro harbored there it has boon thought proper to give notice that after the expiration of siq months, the period conditionally stipulated on tho ex isting arrangemont.with Groat Britain, tho United States may hold themselves at liber ty to increase their naval armament upon tho lakes, if they shall find that .proceeding necessary.,. The condition.of. tbo*bordor will necessarily Come into consideration in connection .with tho question of continuing or modifying the right of transit from Can ada through tho United, Slates,, as well as tho regulation of imposts which were tem- Jpo'riirily established by the Reciprocity trekjy of Juno 5,1851. . ,1 dohire, however, to be understood, that rvhde. making" this statofneUr, that the, Col onial authorities of Canada are not deemed to bo intentionally unjust or unfriendly to wards thq United States, but On the contra ry, there ( is every reason to expect that, with the approval b'f tHe Imperial Govern ment, they will tike the necessary measures toprovonthew'incUrsions across tho border. EMIGRATION • ...Tho fot at the last, Session for the encouragement of emancipatfon baa, so far v>na was possible, been pat Into operation. It seems to need amendment, which will enable the officers of the Government to prevent the practices of frauds igainst the Immigrants while bn their way t apd on their arrival Ini the ports,'so as to secure thorn hero a free flboiae of aVo'bations and places of settlement. t . f A liberal disposition towards this great national policy ia manifested by most of the European States, and ought to be re cipVoba’ted on, L 6uV p!\rt by giving, (be Im migrants effective national proVebtiop. I regard our Immigrants as one of the principal, replenishing streams which are appoiqVeo, bj ( providence to repair the rav ages of internal war, aud its waste of mate rial strength and.wealVft. All that is necessary to secure the flow pi that stream In its present fullness, and to that ond the Government roust in every way make It manifest that it neither heeds nor designs to imposejtavoluntary military service upon those who come from other lands to cast their lot in our country. FINANCIAL AFFAIRS. The financial affairs, of the Government have been successfully administered during the last year. The legislation of the last session of Con gress has beneficially affected the revenues, although sufficient tirpe has not elapsed..to experience the full, effect of Several of the provisions oftbe ads of Congress imposing Increased, taxation* Thb receipts doting the. year fVpm all sources, the basis of warrants signed by the Secretary of the Treasury, including loans and the Balance in the Treasury on the Ist day Ju|y. 1868, were $1,894,- 796,007 62, apqthe .aggregate disburse ments upon theaame basis, were’ $1,298,- 065,101 89, leaving a balance jn the treas ury, as shown bywarranlS, 0f596,589,005 73 Deduct from tjjese amounts, thp amount of the principaHu the public ddbt. redeemed, and th.e amount of issues in substitution thetefotyond the actual cctsh operations of wore—Receipts, $884,07d,(J46,T 67/ Disbursements $866,284,087 88; which leaves a cash balance in the treasury ol $181842,658 71. , t OilHq receipts there were derived from customs, $102,816,152 99, from lands, $588,888 29; from direct taxes, $475,648,- 96 ; from internal revenue, 109,741,184 10 j ;from miscuUaueous 50urc05*547.611,448 19, and from, loans applied to actual expendi tures, including former balance, $628,443,- 929 18. There were disbursed for the civil service $27,608,509 46 ) for pensions and Indians. $7,517,930 97; for the war deportment, $600,701,842-97 ; for the navy department, 85,788 292 77 ; for Interest on the, public debt, $58,085,421 09; making an aggregate of $805,284,087 86, and leaving a balance, in the treasury of $18,£42,558 71, as before stated. ' • l or the actual receipts and disbaraements for the first quarter, and the estimated re ceipts and disbursements for the three re- maining quarters of the current fiscal year, and the general operations of the treasury in detail, I refer you to ifib report of the Treasury. : I concur V?ith,hirtf jh tbo opinion that (fib proportion of moneys’ required to meet the expenses consequent upon the war, de rived from taxation/ should be still further increased} and earnestly invite your atten tion’ to'tbtf subject, to the. end that th'ere may be such additional legislation as shall be required to meet the just expecldtfotfs of the Secretary, THE NATIONAL DEBT. f h‘6 jfribllo. debt on the first day of Jaly last, as pppeafs by the books of the Seoro iary of the Treasury, amounted to op'o bill- lon , seven hundred, Q,nd' forty millions lions, six huudred and ninety , thousand, four hundred and elghty-nlne dollars and forty-nine, cents. Probably, should the war continue for another year, that amount may bo Increased by not far from five hun dred millions. Held as lt ls for the n)ps\ paVt by pur pwn people, It has become ,a substantial branch of national though pri vate property. .or obvious reasons, the more nearly this property can be distiibnt- edamobg all the people the better. To favor such a general distribution, greater inducements to become . owners might perhaps, with good effect, and with out injury, bo presented to persons o< lim ited .means. With this view, suggest Whether it'might not be both competent and expedient for Congress to provide that, n liniitod amount of t some future issue of public securities might bo held b> any bona fide purchaser exempt' from' taxation and from seizure for debt 1 , udder fabb re- CARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, DECEMBER f 5,1864. strlctions and limitation:) no mighWbon essary to guard against abuso of so Tinpor tant a pririlogo. This would enable every prudent person .(o cot aside a small annuity against a possible, day of vrant. Privileges like these would render the .pqssessipn of Such securities, to tho atqphnt limited, most desirable to every person of smalj moans who might he able to saveenough for tho purpose. Tlio great advantage gif citizens being creditors ns well as debtors, witli relation to public ,dobt, is obvious; They readily pcrUelvo that they cannot ho ..much oppressed by a debt which they owe to themselves. The public debt on the Ist day rif jniy last although somewhat-exceeding tho esti mate of the Secretarv of tire Treasury made to Congress at tho commencement ot tlio last session, falls short of tho estimate of that officer mado in tho preceding Decem ber as to its probable amount at tho begin ning of tins year by tho som of $8,01)5, OC7-81. ’ This fact exhibits a satisfactory condllion and conduct of tho operations of tho Treas ury. The Natioßal Banking system is proving'to bo acceptable to capitalists ond to the people. On tho 25th day of November five hun dred and olghty-loqr National Banks had .boen.organlzQd, a- considerable number of which wore concessions from State Banks. Changes from the State systems to tho Na tional systems aro rapidly taking place, ond it is hoped that very soon there will bo in tho United States no banks of issne not authorized by Congress, and ho bank note circulation not secured by the Government. That the Government and the people will derive great benefltjfrom this change in tho banking systems of tho country can hardly be questioned. The national system will create a reliable and permanent influence in support ot the national credit, and protect the people against losses in the issue of pa per money. Whether or not any farther legislation is advisable for the .snppression of State bank issues, it will be for Congress to determine. It seems quite clear that the Treasury cannot be satisfactorily conducted unless tho Government can exercise a restraining power over tho bank note circulation of tho country. 4THE Army and navy. . the report of the Secretary of War, and the accompanying documents, will detail the campaigns of the armies in the field since the date of the last annual message, and also the operations of the several ad ministrative bureaus of the War Depart ment during the past year. It will also specify the measures essential for the na tional defense, and to keep op and supply the requisite military force. ' The report of the Secretary of the NaVy presents a comprehensive and satisfactory exhibit of the affairs of that Department and of the naval service. It is a subject of con gratulation and laudable pride to our coun trymen that a navy of such vast proportions has been organized in so brief a period, and conducted with so much efficiency and success. The geheral exhibit of the navy, includ ing vessels under construction, on the Ist Of December ,1864. shows a .total of 671 yosseis, carrying 4610 guns, and of 510,806 tons, being an actual increase during tbe year over and above ait losses by shipwreck and battle, of 88 vessels, 167 guns, and 42, 427 tons. The total number of men at this tfuie in naval service. Including officers is about 01,006. There hive been captured by the navy during the year 324 vessels, and the whole number of naV.oI captures since hostilities ,cpmm«ncod*!s 1379, of which 267 are ateum pW. Thegroaq proceeds arising from the sale of condemned pr.i.Ze property thus re ported amount to $14,896,250.51. A largo ampunt of such proceeds is still under ad judication, and yet to be reported. » , The total expenditure of the tfavy De partment of, every description, including the.boot pf the immense squadrons that have been called into existence, from Jpe 4th of March, 1861, to the. Ist of No vember. 1864, is $288,647,562,85. Tour favorable consideration is invited to the va rious recommendations of the Secretary bf the Navy, especially in Vogard to a Navy Yard and suitable for the construction of iron vessels,, and the ma chinery and armature for our, ships, to which reference has been made Jn-lmy last Anpual Message. k . • , Your attention is also invjf ted to tbo view expressed in the report In relation to the, legislation of Congress at the last session in respect to prizes in our inland waters. I cordially concur in the recommendation of the Secretary as to the propriety of creat ing the new rank of rear-admiral in our na val service. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. ~ Tour attention is invited to the report of the Postmaster-General for a detailed ac count of the operations and financial condi tion oi the Department. The postal revenue for tKa year, .ending iJiiHb 80th, 1864, amounted tq> 112,488,253-78; and the expenditures to $12,646,786*20j the excess of expenditures over receipts be ing $206,668*42. .... The views presented by tHO Postmaster* General on the subject of special grants by the Government in aid of the establishment of newlines of ocean.mall steamships, and the policy he recommends for the develop ment of increased commercial intercourse with, adjaqefft and neighboring countries, should, receive the careful consideration of Congress. It is of noteworthy interest that the steady expansion of population, improvement, and government institutions over the new and unoccupied portions of our country has soarqely been chocked, much less impeded or deaifoyed, by our great civil war;-which at the first glance would seem to have absorbed almost the entice energies of tbo nation. A NEW STATE. The organization and admission of the State of Nevada has been completed, a in .con formity with law, apd thus dfir excellent system is firmly established in the mountains whioh onoe seemed a barren and uninhabit able waste between the Atlantia States and those which have grown up on 1 the pacific Ooeam' ■ THE T ERRITORIfiS. 5? he tbVritorioa of the Union are gdnefally in a condition of prosperity and rapid growth. Idaho and Montana, by reason of their great distance and the interruption of oommuniptf tion with them by Indian hostilities, have been onlv partially organized but it is,un derstood that these dilfioulties a'ro about to disappear, which will' permit, their Govern ments, like those of the others,’ to go into speedy and full operation. _ ~,. As intimately connected with and prnmo tive of this material growth of the nation, I ash the, attention of Congress to the valuable information and important,recommendation relating to the public. lands, Indian affairs, the Pacific Railroad, and mineral discoveries contained in the report of the. Secretory pf the Interior, which is herewith transmitted, and which report also embraces the' subjects of patents, pensions, and other topics of pub lic interests pertaining’to this Department. THE PODLIC LANDS. The quantity of public land disposed of during the five quarters ending on the 30th of September last was 4,221,342 acres, of WBtoh ,1,338,6X4 .acres were, entered under the homestead law. The remainder was lo cated w.ith military land warrants, agricul (wrpl scrip Certified testates for railroads, and sold for, ctisli..„Tlie cast, received from sales and jrtoption fees was $1,019,416. . Tho income . from shies, during the fiscal year ending. June 30, 1864, Was §678,007- yl> against §130,077 05 received during tho preceding year, Tlio -aggregate number ,pf acres surveyed during tjie year figs been equal to the quantity disposed of and. there is open to settlement about 133,000,000 acres of surveyed land. TllE PA.fcifc RAILROAD. fi*h6 grfat Knterfirioo of doßncoting the At lantic with tho 1 icific States by railroads and telegraph lines has been entered upon with a vigor that gives assurance of success, ( notwithstanding the embarrassmoritomrpp.Dg from the high prices of materials and labor! The route of the mam line of the road Ims been definitely located for one hundred miles westward from the initial point at Omaha City, Nebraska, and a preliminary location of tho Pacific Railroad of California, has been made from Sacramento eastward to 'the Great Bend of the Sruokeo river in Nevada. Numerous discoveries of gold, silver, and cinnabar mines have been added to the many heretofore known in the country occupied by the Sierrg Nevada and Rooky Mountains, and the subordinate ranges now teem with enterprising labor, which is richly romaner? atiye. It isbelioved that the product of the mines of precious metals in that region has, dn'rina the year, reached, if not exceeded, 000,000. , ’ RELATIONS WITH THE INDIANS, It was recommended iti my last annual message that our Indian system be remodel led. Congress, at its last session, acting up on the recommendation, did provide for re organizing the system in California, and it is believed that under the present organiza tion the management of the Indians there will be attended with reasonable success. Much yet remains to be done to provide for the proper government of the Indians in other parts of the country 1 to render it secure for tho advancing settler, and to provide lor the Indians. The Secretary reiterates his recommendations, and to them the attention of Congress is invited, PENSIONS, ETC. The liberal provisions made by Congress for paying pensions to invalid soldiers and sailors of the Republic, and to the widows, orphans, and dependent mothers of those who have fallen in battle or died of disease contracted or wounds received in the service of the country, have been diligently adminis tered. There have been added to the pension rolls during the year ending the 30th day of Juno last the names of 10,779 invalid soldiers, and of 271 disabled seamen, making the present number of army invalid pensioners 22,767 nnd of mivy invalid pensioners 712 Ot widows, orphans, and mothers, 22,198 hr ve been placed on the army pension rolls, and 248 on the navy rolls. The present number of army pensioners of this class is 25,433, and of navy pensioners 793. At the beginning of the year the number of revolu tionary pensioners, was 1430 ; only twelve of them were soldiers, of whom seven have since died. The remainder are those who, under the laws' receive pensions because of relation ship to llevolutiouaryaoldiers. During the year ending 30th of June. 1864, $4,504,010 92 has been paid to pensioner,, of all clauses. I cheerfully commend to your continued patronage the benevolent, institutions of the District of Columbia, which have hitherto been established or fostered by Congress, and respectfully refer, for information concerning them, and in relation to the Washington aq ueduct, the Capitol, and other matters of lo cal interest) to the report of the Secretary. The Agricultural Department, under the supervision of its present energetic and faith ful bencl, is rapidly commending itself to the great and-vital interest it was created to ad-, vanco. It is peculiarly the People's Depart pnrtmcnt, in which they feel more directly concerned than in any other. I commend it to the continued attention and fostering care of Congress. PROGRESS OF THE WAR. The war continues. Since the last Annu al Message all the important lines and posi tions than ocbupiejLby our forces have been maintained, and our arms have been steadily advanced, thus liberating the.regions left in the rear; so that Missouri, Kentucky, Tenn essee, arid parts of other States have again produced reasonably fair crops. The most remarkable feature In the milita ry operations of the year is General man's attempted march of three hupdred. miles, directly through the insurgent region. It tends to show a great increase of our relative strength, that our GoneraH n ’Ohief should feel able to confront and hold in check every active foroe of the enemy, and yet to detach a well appointed large army to move on such an expedition. The result not yet being known, conjecture in regard to it is not here indulged. . . Important movements'have also occurred during the year to the effect of moulding so ciety for the. durability of the Union. Al though shqtt of .complete success, it is much in the right direction ,that twelve thousand citizens in each of the States of Arkansas and Louisiana have organized locsl State Governments, with free constitutions, ,a'nd are earnestly struggling to maintain and ad minister them. , b . v t .The movetaepiq ih[tW& sdrhe.dirootiqhj tiofe Extensive;'though leas definite, in Missouri; Kentucky, and Tennessee, should not bje oyef*. looked, h/it Maryland- presents the example of complete success* Maryland issdoured to liberty and Union for all the future. -The •genius.of Rebellion will no.more claim Mary land. Like another foul, spirit,; being 'driven out it m&y seek* to tear her, but it' will- woo her ho more. , . AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION. At the last session of 1 Congress a proposed amendment of the Constitution abolishing slavery, throughout the Onited.Statea passed the Senate, but failed, for want of the requi site two-thirds vote,’ in the House of Repre sentatives. Although the present is the same Congress, ,and nearly the same members, and . without questioning the wisdom or pntriufigm of those who.stood'in opposition. I venture to recommend tha reconsideration , and pas sage of the measure .at t)ie present session.— Of course the abstract question ie hot chang ed, but an .intervening election shows almost certainly that the next Congress .will poeathe measure if this dues not. Hence there,is .on ly a question of time as to wheh the propb’se’d ament will go to the States for iheir action, : and;as it.. id to go at all events, may wo not agree .that the sooner the bettor? It, is not,claimed that the election has im posed a.dpty.ori members to change the views or their vottia any further than, as an addi tional elemoKUo bfe considered, their Judg ment may be affected by it. It is the voice of tlio people, now. for tbe first time hoard upon the question, in a great national CHsis like ours unanimity of action among those seek ing a common end is very desirable, almost indispensable, and yet no approach to such unanimity is attainable, unless some defer- Cnco sjlall be paid to the will of the majority, simpljr because it is tho will of tlio majority. In tfiisoase the common end is the main tenance of tbe. Union, and among the means to secure that end, such will, through,.tlio election.is most clearly, declared in favor of such n .Constitutional am'endjrieut. The most reliable indication of public purpose in this country.-is derived,through our popular elec tiona. Judging .by , the robeiit. : eanvi!!qo- and its results, the purpose of tho people within the loyal States to maintain the integrity of the Union, was never more firm or more near ly Unanimous than now; The extraordinary calmness and good or der with which tho millions of voters min gled at the polls, guvo stj-ong assurance of this. Not only all those who supported the Union ticket, so called* but a great majority of the opposing party also may be fairly claim ed to entertain and to bo actuated by tlio same purpose. ■ .. .. It is ah unanswerable argument to tliig ef fect, that no candidates for any office, bower? er high or low, has ventured to seek votes on, the avowal that ho was for giving up the Un ion. -. There have been much impnning of mo tives and much heated controversy as to the proper _ meads and best mode of advancing the Union cause, but on the distinct issue of Union or no Union the politicians have shown their instinctive knowledge that there is no diversity among the people. In affording to the people the, fair opportunity of showing one to another and to the world this firmness end unanimity of purpose, the election has been of vast value to the national cause. THE NATIONAL RESOURCES INEXHAUSTIBLE. The election has exhibited another fact not less valuable to bo known—the fact that we do not approach exhaustion in tho most im portant branch of national reoonroes—that of living men. .While it is melancholy to te fleet that thd war has filled bo many graves, and carried mourning to bo many hearths, it is acme relief to know that compared with the surviving, the fallen have been so few. While corps and divisions, and brigades and' regimens, have formed and fought, and dwin dled and gone out of existence, a great miijprr ty of the men who composed them aro still living. The same is triie of the naval asrtice. The election returns prove this. So many voters ooulo not else be found. , ' The States regularly holdingclebtions both now, and four years ago, to wit California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indianaa, lowa, Kentucky, Maine, 'Maryland, Masoa ohusette, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Now Hampshire,New Jersey, Now York, Ohio Oregon, Pennsylvania,' .Rhode Island, Ver mont, Western Virginia, or Wisconsin, cast 3,982,011 votes now, against 3,880,222 cast then, showing an aggregate now of 3,982,011. To this is to bo added 33,762 cast in the new States of Kansas and -Nevada, which States did not vote in 1860, thus swelling the aggregate to 4,015,773, and the ndt Increase during the three years and a half of war to 145,551, A table is appended showing par ticulars. . ; To this again should be added the number of soldiers in the field from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware,' Indi ana, Illinois, and California who, by the laws of these States, could not vote away from their homes, and which number cannot be less than ninety thousand. Nor yet is this all. The number in the unorganized territo ries is a trifle now to what it was four years ago, while thousands, white and black, join us as the national armies press back the in surgent lines. So much is shoWn, afSrntativoly and nega tively, by the election. It is not material to inquire how the increase has been produced, or to show that it would have been greater,' but for the war, which is probably true. The important fact remains demonstrated that we have more men now than when the war be gan ; that wo are not exhausted nor in pro cess of exhaustion. That we are gaining strength) and may, if need be, maintain the contest' indefinitely—r this as to men. Materiel resources are now more complete and'abundant than ever,— The natural resources, then, are unexhausted dtld, as we believe, inexhaustible. The pub-, lie purpose to re-establis|j and maintain the national authority is unchanged, and, as we believe, unchangeable. CONDITIONS OP PEACE, The manner of continuing the conflict re maining to choose. On careful consideration of all the evidence accessible, it seems to me that no attempt at negotiation with the in surgent lendfer could result in any.good. . He would accept nothing short of severance of, the Union—precisely what we will not and cannot give. Uis declarations to this effect are explicit and oft-repeated. He does not attempt to' deceive us; he af fords us no. excuse to deceive ourselves,’ He cannot voluntarily reaooept Ho cannot .voluntarily yield it.,,,8et i vf,eep..!}iiii and us the issue is distinct, single,' And infiex . Jft is an .issue which’ c£t' only i'e tried by war and decided by victory. If we .yield we are beaten. If the Southern people fail him he is. beaten. Hither way it .would be the llictpry. ghd. defeat following war. AVhat is true; however,'of him who heads the,insurgent, cause, is not noceanrily true of those who fol low. , . ; Although he cannot re-aooept the Union, they can;., Some of then!',he knows, already! deaire peace and ,re union. The number, of such may .increase. They can at any .mo ment have peace siniply.by laying dqwh'.their! arms and submitting to the national author ity under the Constitution. After so muoh the Government.could not, if itwould, maintain war against them. The loyal oitizejos yrodld not sustain or allow it. If questions should remain, we would ad just-them by the peaceful means of Legisla tion, conferences, courts, and. votes, operating only, iu constitutional nnd lowfijl channels. Some certain, and. other possible quetfions are and would he beyond the Executive pow er to adjust,- as. for instance, the admission of mepibere into Congress; and whatever might require the appropriation of money... . . The executive.power.itsejf would be great ly, diminished by the cessation of actual-war. Pardons apd remissions of forfeiture^,,how ever, would still be within control. ■ln what spirit and temper this, ooptrnl would be exercised ea.nhe'fairly judged of by the past: agd' a geheral pardon l and i a H in _ II P OTI specified terms, wore offered to & alj, except certain designated classes, and it was at the same time made known , that the • excepted classes were still within contedipla i tion of special clemeiicy, : During the year niapy dvaijbd themaolvea of tho general provisions, dnd many more would only that the signs of bad faith, in some led, to such precautionary measures aa rendered the practical process loss easy ana certain. .. dm .. time, also; apdcidl.pardqnd have been granted to individuals of 1 the ex* copied classes, and no vdluntary application has been denied. Thus, practically, the door has been*. for a full year, open to all except such, as were not in condition to make freb choice; that is, such as were in custody or under constraint. It is still so open to all. But the time may come when the public du ty shall demand, that it be closed, and that in lieu more vigorous measures than hereto* fore shall bo adopted. In presenting the abandonment of armed resistance to the national authority on tho part of the insurgents, as the only mdiapen sable condition, to ending the war on tho part of the Government, I retrdot nothing heretofore said as to elayery. - I repeat the declaration niade d year ago* that while I remain in my. present position I shall not. attempt to .retract or modify thb Emancipation* Proclamation ; nor shall I re turn to slavery ariv person who is. free by tho orms of that proclamation, or by any of the ’ acts of Congress, If the people should, by whatever word or Iheans, mahe.it an Executive duty to. reren slave such persons, another, and not I, must be their instrument to perforid it. In stating MiPgte oonditicti of beace, I mean simply to say that tho \yar will cease bn the part 4< of the, Government it shall have ceased on the part those who began it, i(Signed) . ABrtAIIAM LINGOLN. December 0, 1804, , Want ot Calcnlailon in Stock Feeiiin|. A cotemporary, states that a large farmer at the West sold last fall twenty tons of hay at six dollars per ton; and again/iu January, twenty tuns more at ton dollars per ton, and thought that he was making his fortune. In the spring, however, ] he;was compelled to go long distances to buy hdy at twenty, dollars a ton, giving bis note, to save his stock from starvation: , Such occurrences as thiashow the common : want of calculation among farmers in, provi ding winter food for their stock; Every man , who haa.kopt cattle apd koraos,as long as - three,'years, ought to know the average ' amount they will consume per head each winter. The amount will,- of course, vary With the seasons—a long and cold winter re quiring more than a mild one. If the ani mals are exposed to the wepther and wintry winds, the difference will be very considera ble, say twenty-five or thirty percent; if they are well sheltered, it will be quite small, eay not more than ten per cent. The farmer must make his calculations accordingly, and bo sure to have enough for any coptmgonoy, for it will not be profitable for him to keep them well, through three-fourths qf the win ter, and then starve them to death at last. The amount required per head will also yary with the latitude, as well as withrfho size of the animals, end the general economy in management.,, Perhaps it may be taken as an average In the Northern States that a horse, will consume three tons of good hay, and a cow two tons,iwhsre good care is given and a moderate amount of roots, meal and Other .food. ..It ;is. important that farmers should inform themselves well on this point, in doing vyhiph, approximate results may.be easily Obtained,, by occasionally weighing the food given ; them during a.week. Every farmer should know, the amount of hay lie has secured during the summer. A weighing scale for this purpose (which may be also used for weighing fattening animals) would soon pay for'itself, by. enabling the owner to determine his whereabouts, accurate ly ; but in .fhe .absence of such a scale, the occasional weighing of .p load will seep ena ble him to ,guess the account hot very far from tho mark. .Way, cut early, when the stalks are soft apt) flexible,, will softie closer than such as is cut when nearly ripe, or when the stalks ate stiff and dry. But as pn aver age, good tiiiiothy hay in a mow or, stack,' will yield a ton fob every five hundred cubic feet—the top, of course, .will be lighter, and the bottom heavier, but this will be the average, Clover hay will be noarly.one-hait lighter-~.that iß.it will require soniq seven hundred feet to the ton. A little practice in this way, with hay which has been weighed, will enable the termer.to judge nearly the • amount of hay he, has stored. And this knowledge stated, will not only enable him to meet his calculation, with accuracy, anil economy, but will save hint front much Unea siness and anxiety occasioned by the fear of starving his animals. — Country Oenilemati. Don’t Squeeze. —VTliilo we .are growing very sensible, indeed, in the matter of dress us far as boots, Balmoral skirts, warm stock-, ings, and high nooks, wo are. degenerating in some other matters quite ds important, "The corset is now a necessary part of h wonlan's wardrobe,, and,. ,alas 1 wlion a woi:’On do((o begiq tg ; waa£ cprsetsl the will wear thctti.tad Brp.(ilJ v (x(i<r will tug at the laces uhtll Hdr breath becomes short, and she feels it neces sary tjp- refrain Jrpm anything like a teprafqrt ahlo meal. Vnemay nothing, against a well shaped corset worn loose, but.there lies the, difiicully. A loose corset injures the ance of- the figure instead of improving it, and people wear corsets that they may have small waists. All we can say is,, dun’t f squeeze, whatever, you do; you .may havfl small waists, but you are exposing yohrself to a dozen misfortunes which,are as bad as a .large waist. First, you’ll purely have dys pepsia; ap'd grow yellow nnd cross, ondlun happy; secondly, your hands Will grow red; thirdly; your nose ; fourthly; ydu will be urn able to walk a mile at once; fifthly, dinner will be, a misery- sixthly, your shoulder ! blades will increasa in size andattitudC:; se'f enthly, your eyes will growuweak ; oightly, you will break down at thirty or thereabouts, and be a Sioklv old woman from tljat' tlni* forth. If-these- truths do not trighten : wom en from tight' corsets, perhaps. the informs-, tion that gentlemen gcnernll ydo nof admire, what dressmakers call a'*-‘ .pretty figure?' so muoh as a hattiral ‘ono,‘ may HaveVomelnflo eneo. i . : .4; wun in Detroit bad * wqma.n of Ul< fame put in pfison Tor robbing him, and then married her to get heriodt. ” '1 ■'> 03" The “ loyal” ; l’ro^o«tiMarilhkl ,; of- th(j Dayton District has; ceroo.tO grief,;and',bad been arrested; pharged-with doing, a big husi • neas in the bounty.'qpera^ippa,, ' man chokedhis'^fi'-tp l 'd*«tK J tha other day Mill.'*''-77 • ‘ JO 27.
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