• te .- • ' l / 2 t e.. • • - • , • tjak-14"Lisi:, g:, " •. • • o !-`^-, .•;i 1 1, s 4 • . , ;1 11: ?• . 1: 11; • . h ~ .0 6 , 4 b • , • . - •;C!;; ' q• ' •'' _TV' e-41 k • i *:;; r.f • • ) tr. k. , •• - • 51 - ••;," f „i4ot, • :VA • Ir t, 4 stt • • 0 4,N -;',AcaklV.• 1 ;1'1 U.r; :. 11 C('N'i=r-175-17i/F4."" • VOL. 50. AMERICAN VOLUNTEER. ptlttLISnED BVBRY THURSDAY HORNING BY JOHN B. BRATTON. TERMS Subscription. —Two Dollars if paid within the -par; and Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not paid, within the year. Those terms will bo rigidly ad hered to in every instance. No subscription dis continued until all arrearages are paid unless at the option of the Editor. Advertisements —Accompanied by the oasr, and not exceeding one square, will bo inserted three limes for One Dollar, and twonty-fiyo cents for each additional insertion. Those of a greater length in proportion. Job-Printing —Such as Hand-bills, Posting-bills Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, Ao, Ac., executed with , ocuraoy and at the shortest notieo. poetical* ■ A DESERTED FARM. —— o — BY T. BUCHANAN BEAD, Tbo olma woro old, and gnarled, and bent— Tbo fields, untillod, wore ohokod with woods, Where every year thistles sent Widor and wider thoir winged soods. Farther and farther the nettle and dock Wont colonizing o'er the plain, Growing each season a plenteous stock Of burrs to protect their wild domain. Tbo last who over had ploughed tho soil, Now in the furrowed chu cbyard lay— The boy wbo whistled to lighten his toil, Was a sexton sbraowhoro far away. Instead, you saw how tho rabbit and molo Bnrrowcd and furrowed with never a fear; How tho tunneling fox looked out fer his hole, Like one who notes if tho skies are clear. Ko mower was there to startle tho birds With tha noisy whet of bis reeking scylho The quail, like a cow-boy calling hii herds, Whistled to tell that his heart was blithe. Now all was bequeathed with pious core The groves and fields fenced round with briars— To the birds that sing in tbo cloisters of air, Aud tho squirrels, those merry woodland friars. Mmlkmmm. SOURCE OF THE NILE. A groat geographical problem has been solved. Tho “ mystic Nile” is mystic no longer. Its last secret Ims boon wrung from it by the ‘persevering energy of modern ex plorers. ** lly reversing the line of research followed by all former travelers, and by pro ceeding from tho east coast-of Africa, near Zanzibar, to tho central, lofty and flat pla teau land, forming in that meridian tho wa ter shed between North and South Africa, Captains Speke and Grant finally reached tho true reservoir from whence tho Nile flows.” Only brief sketches of the travels, adven tures and discoveries of these enterprising Kcntlcmen have yet found their way into print; but a complete narrative will doubt less be published in duo time ; meanwhile, 've extract from a report of their talk before the Royal Geographical Society a few inter esting particulars of the explorers and their African retinue 1 : LAKE VICTORIA NYANZA, -■-lie labd above the lake is beautiful, com posed of low sandstone bills, scoured down hy small strbams, the effect of constant rains, grown over by gigantic grass, except' where tjio villagers have supplanted it by cultiva tion, or on tho deltas where raightv trees, tall and straight iis the'blue gems of Austra lia, usurp thb right of X’ho bed of the Nyanza has shrunk from its original dimensions, as we saw in tho case of the IWgi Luke ; and tho moorhltids immediately surrounding are covered \Vitli d hht-work of largo rush drains, with boggy bottoms; as man} r as one to every mile, even counting from the Kitanqula, which of itself was ob viously at one period a much fuller stream than at the present clay, when the old lied ttas on the level of tho present surface of the water, and its breadth was double that which now exists. Tho Mountains of, the Moon are wearing down, and so is Africa Crossing tho equator, altogether tho conformation of the land appeared much the same, but increased J? beauty; the drainage system was found the opposite, clearly showing we were on tho north slope of Africa. One stream, tho Wwerango, of moderate dimensions, said to arise m tho lake, flowed north and joined the * n the kingdom of Unigoro, whore its name is changed to Kafu ; or another stream, ho Luagevri, followed its example; and hon, still further on from the centre of the coast of liako Nyanza, issued the parent 6trea m of tho Nile, flowing over rocks of ig neous character, twelve feet high, which, as the natives, and also some Arubs, designate b y the simple name of stones.. UOANDA AND ITS KINO. The country, says Captain Spoke, was in need a land of pleasure. lie had come thro’ aland of persecution, s and now heartily ap preciated the change. The country was raar °UBJy fine, and ho could not have believed nf Ar • 6 was an .Vthing like it in tho heart . tnca. Captain Grant and myself re lved at the hand of the King every possi o consideration, who, when he first heard o ° Uf intention to go northward, was, how- Bund mu °k °PPOBOd, and endeavored to dis- HOBfl Ua ,J ro "'. !t b y every argument in his . J-he King was a most intelligent and tiim ‘"“8 mon - His Majesty asked ques i? ut t * lo . geography of tho world, and iilfps*? ? “bout the north, and was aston ter 9 tt 10a1 '. ' an( i surrounded by wa wi‘, f* e nsk'ed about tho stars and sun, and Ilia . arne Of tho bid suns and muons.— anxioua dosiro was to obtain knowledge tica' e m? r y t( ?P' c which camo under his no jar ’ King had heard of the extrnordi to of tho white people, and wished that '7 roiaus whether it was not so" great Scares! W ° wo. could blow up Africa, with ? a bay passed while in this kingdom atl( j 5 going to pay a visit to the King; could an ? etvango stories were told which ho Kiu,, not now remember. This amiable includin' 0 ~ m mu °h valuable information, and rivo® j tt . t about tho system of lakes rising ;„ r ®, clrain > n 6 into tho Nile, and others Usn r ,d„ T 6 jneantains of the Moon and in Wa s enaKl s rom -this information ho ns aonil 80n< I homo a map very nearly to preno-o r. at wWeh he had since boon able Wj »L. after his journey to tho Nyanza. times k;_ ou * etiooting together, and some nlwuTa accompanied him, and they Would anv te “ lx }, the most courteous and, he a r liinnc g°ntiemanly manner. If ho shot os, they would oome up and con gratulato him on his success, shaking him heartily by the hand. THE NEGROES. Looting back on the many tribes wo had passed through, one apparently identical race of negro overspread the entire land from the coast to Gondokro. and onward down the Nile—that is to say, if you leave ou£ their tribal marks, their dress and their dialect, it would, I believe, bo impossible to distinguish the natives of ono part from thoso of another. As regards the general populousness of the countries wo have passed through, I may state that throughout the whole journey there were but three or four places where wo had to carry our provisions for moro than six days. GAME. The country was too populous to admit of any largo amount of game. Those mixtures of species and herds, as seen by Dr. Living stone and other South African travelers, wore seldom or never seen, and in many for ests we might range from morn till noon and only see two or three antelopes. Tho largest herd of elephants wo came across (say 300 in Unyoro) were all browsing and amusing themselves like cows in a park. Firing did not alarm them in tho least until after somo wore wounded. Guns had never before been used against them, tho natives using pit-falls to secure thoir ivories. Lions were constantly heard, but chiefly in the countries where many cattle were grazing. They and different species of leopard ape trapped by crushing them under logs of wood. Zebra, giraffe and buffalo, and a variety of antelope were shot; also, hare, partridge, floriken, etc. CAPTAIN SPEKE’S AFRICANS. The men wo traveled with were freed men fram Zanzibar. These men are chiefly born in central equatorial Africa, where they are captured, as children or in manhood, during village fights, after which they, by sale or barter, become the property of tho Arabs of Zanzibar, whoso bazaars arc full of them and their brethern who may have been freed from slavery by the death of their masters. Gen erally speaking, their complexion was a cof fee brown, with teeth and skin markings ac cording to tho taste and fancy of the clan or sub-clan they belonged to. No general de scription can be given of their features, the' the receding forehand, prominent muzzle, thick lip, bridgclesy nose, well shaped dark eye, were common to most exceptions showed viciously thrown hack ears, enormous gapes, diminutive eyes, fleshy breasts and buttocks; somo with oven the busts of wo- men, and others with a remarkable mobility of the upper lip, like a monkey When excited. Their average height is 5 feet, 6 inches, or 7 inches. When in full condition they are bulking, thick-set, strong, frank, intelligent looking fellows, with a manly bearing ; but, when sitting, adopt tho laziest and most loll ing of attitudes. Notwithstanding their healthy look, they are liable to fever, opthalmia, and other na tive complaints, die off earlier at a greater ratio, I believe, than from desertion in old age, and want of proper enro and treatment. In dross or cleanliness they are not particu lar. Starting from Zanzibar as Arab “ Fos’s,” their fineries soon become rags, and they wore whatever they could pick up. Not content with the Tower rifle, to satisfy their caprice they would burden themselves with spears, hows and arrows, etc., decked in red rags. Never wore there more joyous, noisy, likeable, laughing creatures for. throe months or so, but after this they gave one all kinds of annoyances, becoming sulky, capracious, and full of childish complaints, taking duty lust or not if they pleased,'refusing to march from fear/, want of ammunition, or laziness ; halting in s the middle of a march because they thought they had done enough ; stealing your property to buy themselves provisions, when master had little or none ; fighting and quarreling in your presence; listening to no remonstrance on your part; disobedience of orders, falsehood, etc. On the other hand, no men in the.world are better suited for such a journey j they carried loads, arms, cut' roads, made huts, gathered firewood, were cur cooks, (such as they were,) ate any thing,literally ; mended your coat, kept the camp in an uproar with drums, bells, guitars, dances and shouts. Such jacks-of-all-tradcs make bad servants and valets—they soon de stroy your property. Kverytbing they jum ble into one ba£, find, truly, Africnn-iiko, if nothing better is at hand, they'll make a lo ver of your best rifle to carry their loads.— Another peculiarity of thOuiicgro; in distinc- tion to tho Indian, is, that drift's shoes are al ways placed reversed before you ; your urn-' brella always rests on its. handle ; lid. eats with your.spoons,’ cooks in your pots, beats tho 'drum on thorn, drinks water Out of your teapot spout; also, in your ver.t presence ho squirts away at tobacco, mimics you, or good humoredly serenades you with complimenta ry songs, perhaps only the very minute after he’s got into mischief. Wnv Children Die. —One reason why children die is because they are not taken care of. From tho day of birth they are stuf fed with food and choked with physic, slosh ed with water, suffocated in hot rooms, steam ed in -bed clothes. So much for in-door.— When permitted to breathe a breath of pure air once a week in summer, and once or twice during tho cold months, only tho nose is per mitted to poop into daylight. A little later they are sent out with no clothing at all on tho parts of the body which moat need pro tection. Bare Jogs, bare arms, bare necks, girted middle, with an inverted umberella to collect tho air and ftbill the other parts of the body. A stout strong man goes out in a cold day with gloves and overcoat, woolen stockings, and thick, double soled boots, with cork between and rubbers over. The same day a child of three years old, an infant flesh, blood, bone and constitution, goes out with shoes as thin as paper, cotton socks, legs un covered to the knees; neck bare; an expos ure which would disable the nurse, kill tho mother outright &nd make the father an inva lid for weeks. And why? To harden them to a mode of dress which they are never ex pected to practice. To accustom them to ex posure which, a dozen years later, would bo considered downright foolery. To rear chil dren thus for the slaughter pen, and then lay it on tho Lord, is too bad. we do not think the Almighty had any hand in it. And to draw comfort from the presumption that he bad an agency in tho death of the child is a profanation. (CT* A good question for a debating socie ty. Which is the moat delightful operation : “ To kiss a fair woman on a dark night, or a dark woman on a fair night V* • gtfgp- A red-nosed gentleman asked a wit whether ho believed in spirits : “ Ay, sir,” replied ho, looking him full in tho face, “I sec too much evidence before me to doubt it.” “OUR COUNTRY—MAY IT ALWAYS BE RIGHT—BUT RIGHT OR WRONG OUR COUNTRY." LTI Dentil of English lings. William the conquror died from enormous fat, from drink, and from the violence of his passions. William Rufus died the death of the poor stags that he hunted. Henry I. died of gluttony. # Henry 11. died of a broken heart, occa sioned by the bad conduct of his children. Richard Occur do Lion, like the animal from which bis heart was named, died by an arrow from an archer. John died, nobody knows bow, but it is said from chagrin, which we suppose, is an other term for a dose of hellebqro* "Henry 111. is said to have “dieda natural death.” Edward I. is likewise said to have died a “natural sickness”—a sickness which would puzzle all the College of Physicians to deno minato. Edward 11. was most barbarously and in decently murdered by ruffians employed by bis own mother and her paramour. Edward HI. died of dotage, and Richard 11. of starvation, the very reverse of George Henry IV. is said to have died of ‘‘fits caused by uneasiness,” and uneasiness in palaces in those times was a very common complaint. Henry V. is said to have died of a “ pain ful affliction* prematurely I” This is a courtly term for getting rid of a king, Henry VI. died in a prison, by moans known now only to Heaven. Edward V. was strangled in the tower by his uncle Richard 111. Richard Ilf. was killed in battle. Henry VII. wasted away as a miser ougli Henry VIII, died of carbuncle, fat, and fury. ' Edward VI. died of a decline. Queen Mary is said to have died of a bro ken heart. ’ * Old Queen Boss is said to have died of melancholy from having sacrificed Essex to his enemies. ■James I. died of drinking, and the effects of nameless vices. "Charles I. died on the scaffold. Charles 11. died suddenly, it is said of ap oplexy. Will iam 111. died from consumptive habits of body, and from the stumbling of his horse. Queen Ann died from dropsy.' George I. died of drunkenness, which his physicians politely called an apoplectic fit. George 11. died of a rupture of the heart, whfch the periodicals of that day termed a visitation of God. George 111. died as he lived—a madrnnn Throughout life ho was at least a consietcni monarch. George IV. died of gluttony and drunken ness. William IV. died amidst the sympathies 01 lis subjects. A Short Connubial Lecture. —Scolding? lam not scoldingl I never do, Rasher I If I express my mind about anything you be , gin to talk about “curtain|lectures” and all that kind of vulgar stuff. Men have-fairly worn out their own tongues talking about women’s tongues, yet I’ve got to live to see the day when a man admired a quiet woman. You always see them running after the silli est chatterboxes. The faster they can talk, and the more foolish things they can say, the better they like ’em—provided always it ain't their own wife I It’s only lust night, at Mrs. Yellow Dock’s, you was perfectly in fatuated with that Mrs. Giggle that we wo men despise. I had to laugh in my sleeve, to see how you stuck by her side the whole evening. Jealous? Not a bit of it. Mp and Grimace were watching you and enjoy ing ourselves very much. Grimace told me itpvns surprising to see a man with such a wife as you had, interested in that silly lit tle widow. i r ou were charmed with her goodnature? I presume so. You'd rather have somebody with an eternal smile on their face, than to hear tho wittiest things said in a cutting way. The fact is, Rasher, you’re not a judge of tho female sex ; they the wool over your eyes without the least difficulty. You presume lam as well aware of that weakness as any one?, Oh, now, don't be getting sharp—it ain't becoming of you I Give me tho money I asked for, that's all I want of yon. Of course it's all I ever want of you. Men wore made to earn mon ey, and women to spend it; that's what’s the Mr. Rasher. A Sweet Wife. —Mrs. X——, who re sides in our senatorial district, had aneighbor, who was represented to bo quarrelsome in his family, making his home anything but a pleasant abode. She, however, having heard that his wife was a great deal of a vixen, thought the wife,might also be to blame for the unpleasant state of affairs in the house hold. So, full of charity and the doctrines of the law of kindness, Mrs. X visited her ncighbor’s.house, with tho benevolent in tent of reconciling tho differences existing there, and addressed the better half some thing-in this stylo,; “ Now, you know," said she, “how much pleasanter it would bo if you and your hus band would live together without quarreling; both you and your children would be happi er; and instead of being a reproach to tho neighborhood, yon might become honored members of society. And it may be," she continued, “you are not altogether blameless in this matter. Suppose you try and see what the law of kindness practiced toward your husband’will do in effecting a reconciliation. It certainly can do no harm, and you may succeed in touching the tender chords of his heart, and he may renew hia old affection.— Try it," she urged, “ and if you do not suc ceed you-will at least heap coals of fire on his head," and so on. All this was listened to, when this reply was made: “I don’t know about your coals of fire; I’ve tried boiling hot water and it didn't do a bit of good /"— Harper's Monthly. Value of an African Wife. —Some En glish settlors in South Africa, in a hunting excursion across the frontier, were entertain ed at tho kraal of tho Amatymba Caffres.— Tho chief required how many wives an Eng lishman usually had and how many were re quired to be paid for one. Ho was told that no man not oven the king himself, was allow ed to have more than one and that property was not given for them, but on tho contrary expected with them. “‘You aro a people of strange customers," said the Caffro; “ among us no- man can procure a tolerable wife for less than ton good oxen and our chiefs some times pay sixty cattle for oue of superior qualities. Yout women, I fear, make but indifferent wives since no one will pay for them and their relatives must oven pay the men to marry them off their hands.” OCT* Slight of band—-Refusing an offiy: of marriage. CARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, MAY 12,1864. Seasonable Hints.—A bank'note repor ter wouldnot naturally be looked to for words of provervial ;wisdom, but, Thompson's Re porter is responsible for the following, which will do well to ponder on during a hot, dull, day j Don't have too much commiseration for the accomplished, amiable, and charming wife of a defaulter, until you know that she has not, by extravagance and pride, induced him to use money not his own, or to speculate with a view to gratify her wishes. Don't thinkyou are making a bargain when you cheat a customer; for in the long run, all such operations will turn out quadruple losses. r Don t rfjnd fnoney at to great a shave; for the borrower must succeed, or he*!! never bo able to pay. , Don't neglect your regular business think mg better at some outside enterprise ; the chances are tea to one you will not suc ceed. Don't go to law in a hurry; first exhaust the legal remedies.- Dop'fc got excited about politics unless you are quite suro that the election of your can didate will bo better for your business, and .for the country, than any other man. Don’t bo too severe on others for not think ing as you think, that they may excuse you 1 for not thinking'as they do. Don't condemn others fot* their inherited or God-endowed peculiarities ; fur could you but see yourself as you see others, your con demnation might come home. Don’t be too am- .‘t; it is the instinct of man t * give the extreme smnrt oues, of both genders, a wide hert. Don’t bo as tile dog in the manger ; for some bull may give you a toss. Don’t judge until you have heard both sides of the case. Don’tgot on stills in prosperity nor on your knees in adversity ; for whnt goes up must come down but what goes down don’t always come up. The Fort or a Woman Scorned.--A ter rible illustration of what a scorned woman’s lury will load her to do, occurred, recently, in Mihvaukie. A lady of that city return ing unexpectedly from a call, imagined she heard voices in the room usually-occupied by herself and hilaband. Tlie door being clos ed, she was reduced to the keyhole, and to this aperture she appliedher’eye. She saw the figure of a woman? Standing by her was the husband of the jealous wife, actually en gaged adjusting a snawl upon the shoulders of the. female intruder. The wife went to another room, took a loaded shot gun, return ed opened the door, and deliberately shot the strange woman in the back. The husband screamed, the wife fainted. When the latter returned to consciousness, eho found the wretch of a husband bonding over her, witii a welbfeigned solicitude in his glance. Mu tual explanation ensued, and the body of the woman who had been shot was brought in.~ U was a dummy! The husband, who pur sued the respectable calling of a retail dry goods dealer, was wont to use this figure to exhibit the mantillas and shawls with which io desired to>charm the eyes of the Mihvau kio ladies. The dummy, from Inn# exposure and hard usage, had become shabby, and the merchant had that morning brought it from the shop for the purpose of renovating its exterior. Not finding hif wife, he was trying in his awkard wav to do die work, and prob” ably swearing at his clumsy attempts, when his wife mistaking the accents of passion, let fly the fatal shot. This '.ragndy in real life will teach her a lesson, perhaps. # Curious Incident at a Launch, — A Cin cinnati thus report* an incident at the launch of the iron-clad Catawba in that city a few days ago : At the foot of Butler street a great crowd was gathered, and those standing near the water’s edge were repeatedly order ed away, they returned wienevcr the police men were called elsewhere. At the moment the vessel,was in the water an immense wave rolled shoreward, instantly submerging one or two hundred people, and carrying many of them off their feet. As it retreated a sight at once ludicrous and terrifying was presen ted. ‘Women and children were climbing up the muddy bank wildly catching at each oth er’s heels ; men Were floundering on their backs, and one individual, hii hat carried off by the undertow, Was frantically hugging a log, alternately floating and burrowing in mud as the surf advanced and receded. For tunately the first wave was the largest and most sudden, and all the fathers against their will scrambled out of danger. One bedrag gled individual said ho ‘didn’t care a pin for the wetting, but he hated to miss the show.’ lie disappeared in n neighboring bar-room, and probably launched a little Catawba on his account into a region where there was no danger of its displacing an overwhelming bulk of water.” Making Soap.—A correspondent of the Germantown Telegraph says: We lately tried a new receipt'for making soap—new to us at f leftst—and aa we‘ had sllch'good success I thought it would be well to send you the mo dus o perandi for the house keeper’s depart ment of your paper: Pour four gallons of boiling water over six pounds of washing so da and three pounds of unslacked lime ; stir the mixture well and let it settle until it is perfectly clear; it is better to set all night, as it takes some time for the sediment to sot- tlo. When clear,'drain the water off, put six pound* of fat with it and boil for two hours stirring it the most of the time ; if it does not seem thin enough, put another bucket of water on tho grounds, stir and drain off, and add as is wanted to tho'boiling mixture ; its thickness can be tried by putting a little on a plate to cool occasionally. Stir in a hand ful of salt just before taking off tho tire.— Have a tub ready soaked to prevent the soap from sticking, pour P in and let it sit till solid, when you will have from tho above quantity of ingredients about forty pounds of nice white soap, at a cost of about two cents per pound. Housekeepers, try. it. Newspapers. —Small is tho sum that is re quired'. to' patronize a newspaper, and most amply remunerated is the patron. I care not how humble and unpretending the gazette which ho takes, it is next to impossible to fill a sheet fifty-two times a.year, without putting into it something that is worth the subscrip tion price.- Every parent whoso son is away from him at school should be supplied with a newspaper. I well remember what o dif ference there was between those of myschool raates who hud and those who had not access to newspapers. Other things being equal, the first wore always decidedly superior to tho last, in debate and composition, n't least. Tho reason is'plain; they haxi command of more facts. Youth will peruse a newspaper with delight when they will road nothing else.' —Judge Longstreet key that fits evoryboy's trunk— Turkey. SUMNER SKINNED ! EXTRACTS FROM A SPEECH DELIVERED IX THE U, S. SENATE BV SENATOR POWELL, of Ky. In Reply to Some Remarks Made by Mr. Sum ner of Massachusetts. Mr. POWELL, I tell yoU, Senators, that your only hope is to strike down free speech, a free press, and free ballot, in order to maintain your power. Hence it is that, al though Sve hope, wc do not much expect that you will do anything in the right direction. Your past action docs not convince us that you will. Give us these throe groat conser vative peaceful agencies; it is all wo want. Lot us freely canvass your administration of public affairs; Ictus freely investigate the conduct of your men in power ; let us through the press and the tongue, on the stump and in every cabin, say what we think; let the newspapers.go forth pointing to the fact,and showing to the people clearly and distinctly that you are overthrowing the Constitution; that you arc plundering them of their treas ure; that you are unworthy of trust, and your political (Uys will bo numbered. I tell the conservative men, the Democracy, the old Whigs, the honest Republicans, every where—and I .wish to God my voice could extend to the remote parts of this, country— to bo of good cheer ; and If those in power at tempt to enslave them, to put chains upon their limbs, to prevent their free tongues front wagging in words of honest and burn ing censure against those who are striking down their liberties, if the minions of power attempt to interfere with the freedom of the press, 1 -would advise the people throughout the length and breadth of the land to insist on freedom, and give their jives in its de fence: lam for law and fur order ; I beg, I implore, I entreat, that we may have these groat constitutional agencies without blood ;• but.before God, I shall advise the-peuplc eve rywhere, rather than submit to the degrada tion of having free speoch/a free-press, and free ballot taken from them, to strike the usurpers to the ground. If a free people will not fight and give their blood for these three inestimable blessings they are unwor thy to live ns freemen, and the best thing for them would bo to die, for they will have to do that or live ns slaves. I hope we will have hereafter the perfect freedom of elections everywhere; that wo shall have free speech, a free press, and free ballot. These are all the weapons we ask. But it they are denied us, I shall advise the Democracy'and the conservative men in eve ry State of the Union to fight for them ; I do not mean to go out of the Union, but I moan to fight for the ballot, and fight under the Constitution and laws of their country, and defend themselves by striking to the eartli those who attempt to prevent them exerci sing these inestimable blessings of a free people. The Senator from ICew Hampshire will have to see that free speech and free press and free ballot arc destroyed before lie can kill the Democracy. They are not destructi ble articles. Strike down one by cruel and bloody tyranny, and a thousand will spring up. .You may cause some of the timid to bo silent; you may cause them to* bo afraid to go to the polls and vote; but the love of truth and of constitutional liberty is in their breasts; the bold will speak it, and-they will strike for it; they will vindicated with their blood, not in seceding, but in fighting at. their own hearthstones, as it were, for the liberties given them by their fathers ; and we should be unworthy descendants of the no blest sires the world ever saw, unless we did stand thus boldly for our rights. Mr. President, I had intended to notice in a very brief manner, the most remarkable effort of the Senator from Massachusetts this morning. I have heard that Senator, over since I havd been in the Senate Chamber, reading his long, illogical rhapsodies upon slavery. They are nil of them much alike; all speak of the barbarism and cruelty of sla very. They are filled with a good’ deal of encyclopedia,learning, with scraps of quota tion here add there. Without moaning any disrespect to the Senator, I must say that they remind me of the rhapsodies of a man who has a nightmare. They remind mo of an expression of Shakspcaro : “ It is a talo Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury Signifying nothing.'' In the first hour of his speech to-day, the Senator gave us a kind of rehash of the re port he made from the committee on freed men (I believe that is its name) touching the repeal of the fugitive slave law, In which ho treated of the question of constitutional pow er. I will do the Senator the justice to say that his language was excellent; ho docs write good English ; but I must also say that bis report Is the most illogical and unlawyer like paper I over vend in my life coming from a gentleman of such, learning and reputation. 'My friend from Bncka lOw} put the subtle knife of truth and logic to it; ho exposed its sophistry, its want of historical and constitutional truth; in a sin gle charge ho scattered it to tire four winds; but wo have had a rehash of it here to-day. I shall enter into no constitutional argument for the purpose of overthrowing such kind of rhapsodies. If I hud any Inclination to do so, the report of my friend from Pennsylva nia has relieved me of the trouble. Ills very, searching, potent, though short analysis is on your tabic, and it disposes of-the question. Tho Senator from Massachusetts to-day has quoted from Patrick Henry, and ho has eulogized him very much. Certainly lie does not feel any more admiration for that distin guished orator than I do. Does nut the Sen ator, know that nn amendment to the-Con stitution has been adopted since Patrick Henry made that speech, which says that private property shall not be taken for pub- ic uses except on just compensation, and that is an answer to his whole quotation from Mr. Henry. I do not believe Mr. Henry was right in the position bo assumed in Hie speech from which 110 Senator quoted. Mr. Henry was engaged at that time in making nn assault on tho Constitution in a slave State ;be wished to reject it; he did not like it; but even if what he then stated were true, the amendment since adopted explodes tho whole of tho Senator's argument on that branch of tho case, aryl Mr. Henry's argu ment along with it. But tho Senator has said that the way to preserve tho Republic is to carry it back to tho principles of its baptismal font, a beau tiful expression, but what appropriateness is there in It in the way in which the honora- ble Senator uses it? What did our ,fathers do when they formed tho Government?— What Was their status? What was their condition? When they stood around tho baptismal font and proclaimed the birth , of tho Constitution that carried joy and glad ness to the hearts of liberty-loving men throughout tho world, every minister at that altar, save those from one State, was a rep resentative of n slave State, and four fifths of them were slaveholders. They were the men who gave us the Constitution so much vaunted to-day hy the honomhle Senator. I would to God wo could go hack to those dn\- 3 when men were honest and had regard for property rights, when men were patriotic find exerted themselves in the cabinet and the field for the promotion of the best inter ests of their country, -when our statesmen were jvvis'o and philanthropic, prudent and capacious, and took in their broad view the whole interests .tof the ~ country. None of them were led off by this miserable one-idea fanaticism in regard to negro slavery or any other “ ism.” They wore men of extended Catholicism in all their, political views. Un fortunately for us, those wise/ those good’, those virtuous, those great.men have depart ed, and we now have succeeding them a set of men who are governed entirely by a single idea, and who would renounce any theory Uiey had ever held in order to carry out that idoa. I have hoard the Senator declare in this Chamber that under the Constitution we had no power to interfere with slavery in the States. To-day he tolls us that it is consti tutional to strike and crush slavery wherever wo can find it. The Senator swears to support the Consti tution, and declares in his plauo that ho ■ would not assist in the execution of the fugi tive slave law, a law made in obedience to the command of the Constitution. The Sen ator disregards the Constitution, his oath of office, and everything that should hind the conscience of tt good and just man, to carry out his abolition schemes. The Senator from Massachusetts talks ns glibly about war as if„he had all his life had the harness on, as if nothing had river de lighted his eyes but hacked and bruised nr- ' mor and broken blades. Helms talked about this war as being righiouns and right ; he | ■ has advocated it throughou,t,;-hd has voted all the men anii'all the money they w. ntod, and to-day he..eulogizes war. ' y.uw, what do you think lias heretoloro been the tenet of that honorable Senator? As I before said, those who have hut one predominant idea aro not wise counselors. The Senator has chang ed the whole current of his thoughts within the last'few on this subject of war.— Let me road trom a most elaborate oration, very handsomely written, and replete with all the encyclopedia learning for which that Senator is so eminent, made some years ago. Lot us sec what the Senator then said of peace ; and if everybody in this Chamber who lias witnessed his conduct hero does not sav that ho lias run counter to the principles laid down by himself I will admit that I have not capacity to see-the truth or to state it. 'Haro is an extract from an oration, made by Hon. Charles Snm.nor, entitled The Grandeur of Nations, a (cw years ago. Mr. SIJMNHR. What is tho date of it? Mr. POWELL. The 4th ot -July, 1545. nnd I would rather have it dated hack at that time than now, because j[t expressed the Sen ator’s ideas when everything was cool and calm and quiet, and there was not the ex citement of civil war. I have a right to use it as a weapon against him. lie is using this’war as nn instrument to destroy slavery. That is his whole object; he has none other ; and I think lie will get up and nvrav that to he tho case. lam sure he will not deny it. Now, sir. let us look to what he said uu war in that address ; “ In our age there can be no 1 ponce that is not honorable ; there can be nu war that is not dishonorable.” And those words arc put in capital letters. According to bis own tenets, the Senator is now urging on a dishonorable war. I.do not say that is what the Senator is doing : but I say that if he uttered the truth when bo made the speech from which I have just read, lie is now advocating a dishonorable war, be cause in that speech he said there can be no war that is not dishonorable. I suppose the Senator in the course of his life has had two ideas, a war idea and a peace idea; and when ho was on the peace idea bo thought nothing under heaven was good but pence.— I do not concur with the Senator in that sen timent, for I think there are times in the af fairs of nations wiien it is right to go to war. I read it merely to show .the Senator's incon sistency. Mr. SUMNER. The Senator will allow me to say that at the time I made that re mark I bud very little idea of the barbarism of slavery. . . Mr. POWELIi. I have no doubt of that, find if the Senator would look into himself ho would find that he is m6ro barbarous than perhaps any- slaveholder that ever lived.— ic Senator is the perfect embodiment of barbarism—the barbarism of fanaticism., 1 am a slaveholder'; aud if 1 believed that 1 had about me half the barbarism the Senator has, I should- be disposed to bide from the civilized world. But, sir,-let me go on with the speech from which I am quoting : “ War ia utterly ineffectual to secure or ad vance the object at which it professes to aim. The misery which it excites contributes to no end, helps to establish no right, and there fore in no respect between the contending nations.” Wh}’ does the Senator carry oh IbU war ? Just for the love of blood, havoc, public plun der, and the destruction of human life? He boldly and clearly and most perspicuously declared in 1815 that it never will effect its aim; Yet wo find the Senator in that most ridiculous attitude, fit war with himself-- That is the barbarism that fanaticism teach es. It brings him into most striking contra diction. But 1 will read a little further from the honorable Senator’s most elaborate speech. lie says : “Christianity forbids the whole custom of war.” Is the gentleman; iri o£dor to carry out his one idea of destroying negro slavery, not only to overthrow the fixed and firm princi ples of his life, hut is ho to overthrow Chris tianity? The whole sj'stem of Christianity is to go by the hoard because the Senator wishes to effect through tho instrumentality of arms ono single object—tho abolition of slavery. lie is willing to forego not only his , former principles about human affairs, hut to overthrow tho religion of the blessed Savior himself, to bring about that, to him, most de sirable of all objects. •- The honorable Senator from Massachusetts further says on this subject of Christianity and war: “ It was not until Christianity became cor rupted that its followers became soldiers, and its priests learno to minister at tho altar of tho God of battles.” I admit with tho Senator that many of the clergy in his region of country have* become very much corrupted, bocaus6 they preach war and nothing else ; but I suppose the hon orable Senator is willing to see not only the church and the clergy, but everything else corrupted to carry out this ono idea. I have sometimes fallen in among that description of preachers who deliver nothing but politi- oal essays. I never heard one of tliatdescrin tmn hut once. IVhon Igo into a Church anH the minister commences preaching in U m . wny, I sit and listen out of the respect f iinvdi for the name of Christianity. Ido not ri.o I ? nd O,LV ® ,JOCnu »e the thing is offensive l.i me, hut I remain tintii the services are noth chided. But, sir, I never go hack to that church again ; for 1. think the Christian mho istor that does not preach Christ and Him ermfied pollutes the pulpit in which ho h “-i a i I s “ n , unworthy servant of that Ulcnaed Master who is the King of peace. Hint, sir, let us go on a little further in this address of the Senator, Here is an ex tract upon civil war. The Senate will re member that these extracts that I read hW the honorable Senator’s speech are rencnl propositions. He says : ” tre ™ ,,los “S'mst as we contem plate fields drenched in fraternal gore, where ho happiness of homes has been shivered hy the unfriendly arms of neighbors, and kins men.ha*c sunk beucntli (he steel nerved' by a kinsman a band. This is civil war, which stands accursed forever in the calender of tune.” Groat Cod! the Senator from Massachus etts says that civil war stands accursed in all the annals of time. -Why sir ho sometimes speaks of tins as a war of Massachusetts.— lo continue: ..“But Uie tnusa of history, in the faithful jDcord of the future transactions of nations, inspired by a now and loftier justice, and touched to liner sensibilities, shall extend to the general sorrows of- universal man tho sympathy stul profusely shed for the selfish sorrow of tho country, and shall pronounce interim war to ho civil war, and tho partakers in it us traitors to God and enemies to man.” Here the Senator declares that those who | partake in these civil tfnrs, or in internu | tiunal wars, .which’ he says aro civ.il wars, I i}™ traitors to God nnd enemies tu man.— Hhy, sir, to take the S-nator’s own position here -as true, he stands to-day a traitor to God and an enemy to man. And yet that uenator is forever prating about the harbar ism nr Bravery. Had it riot been for tho eter nal ringmg of that word in my ear I would not have put tho Schafer to the cruel torture n quilting to-day hia principles which houow stands up and openiv violates. . Senate will bear me witness that this is the first time since I have been a member of the h.nly-tlisit I lir.vs attempted even to re sist or cast hack these accusations upon tho section o I country from which I came. They are distasetffil to me, hut, sir, there is a point beyond which for heargnee ceases to ho a virtue, and I think we have reached that point. Lot me read one other sentence from this ad dress. 1 lie Senator savs : “ A man is higher than tho boasts of tbq hold ; as tho angels aro higher than Mars ■ as he that ruloth his spirit is higher than ho that taketh a city, so are tho victories of poacu higher than the victories of war." That is very handsomely said, and in tho mam it is very true. The Senator then goes on to inveigh ngainst standing armies. Ito speaks ot tho vast expense uf maintaining them, and quotes a table of expenses of other countries ; and yet that Senator is encased hero in war. When I sny ho is engaged in a war I will do tho Senatorthejusticc to say that ho only advocates it on his lips; ho advocates if hero by word, by speech, by letter. ’llo'at tempts to fire tho hearts of the people every where to join in this crusade. The honora ble Senator does not go where he would hear the rattle of small-arms or smell gunpowder. V\ ere I for this war as ferociously as that senator is, I think I would take up a QluskeS and go into tho field. I have not much faith in the sincerity ftf those who always preach war and never fight. It would be better for Jhom to fight a little, and then people will think they are in ear nest. The Senator is willing that other peo plo s blood shall be shed. He is willing that a million of young men of the country shall be sacuficcd. lie is willing that the hard earnings of the laboring man, though bin 'vif« and 'children may bo starving, shall bn wrenched from him, by the ruthless hand of the tax-gatherer in order to defray the ex penses of this war, and to pay the interest on the immense debt that is accruing. All these tilings ho is willing to see for the pur pose of carrying out a fanatical idea. That ho boas!&of; that he gloats over ; but, •nr/h ; never sooketli the battle even afar off. lie dues not go within sound of the drum and fife ; nor is be like the war horse that shfel leth jlie battle afar off. I repeat 1 have not much confidence in the sincerity of that de scription of patriots. Mr> President, I have said all I intend to say on this matter. It was not my purpose to open my mouth on tins nmnidliVfent. 1 had determined to content myself with the very elaboratc speoches made by my colleague, the Senator from Delaware, [Mr. Sanlsbury,] and the Senator from Indiana [Mr. Hen dricks; but, sir, such wore the inconsisten- cies of the Senators from iCew England to whom I have refbrrfed, such were Their as saults upon the Democratic party, such wore their assaults upon my own State, that I felt called upon to say a word in their vindica tion. In doing that I thought it but .right that I should allow the Senator from Massa chusetts to look Into his own mirror, and hence I have held up the speech he made some time ago to his vision. , Laziness.— Laziness is a lin'd disease, and like many other kinds, is often' eelf-itriposotl. In the case of many individuals, it is an in herent malady, and consequently, hard to oust from But it is often the case that this disgusting distemper is brought on persons by thoin own deliberate selfish ness—by a vastly discreditable disposition to shirk the inevitable burdens incident to liv ing a decent life. Laziness of this kind is ono of the cardinal sins, and should subject tho obnoxious offender lo the discipline of a tread mill. More particularly is laziness of-* fenaive in the young and healthy, lo learn to work, and work cheerfully, is - the central lesson of life. Bogin to learn it early es chew laziness as tho most disgusting of all faults, and one that will surely .end in hope less misery—for depend upon it, none can bo so insensible to laziness as to be, in the end, incapable of suffering. Nature is. in the* event of non-payment of her demands, astern and merciless creditor. Therefore, boys and girls, keep square your accounts with her. that a good many moo, who' have always claimed to be young, have sud denly got to’bo over forty five. Prentice says this is easily accounted for. A man in such stirring times as those is said to live ten years in one. 1 fCT* A boozy fellow was observed, the oth er day, driving a “porker,” holding on to 1 , his tail, and when asked what be was doing, replied that ho was studying go-hography. NO.- 43
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