Ainniian H nlniitm-. "I"'■.- 1 • * p ■ ' • . 'lllpl ,45. mtt 1 w G DaHi j P*r«dtQi ' ‘Plnwi uj ' • *#sl ’fkpH ' •:4^4 Cg 0: 4 Bltfcfj Ilf ipvSr .E& !,■*>. V. *9*s - ■ '■ifP-i in <ii«a, d cxetnlicji Sft VOLUNTEER proprittcj'- .. • - , hwobta- • TitunspAV Monsisa.nv JOHN 11. BRATTON. . pi 1 —-':;i ■#rß«'CirTlo.v.— One Dollar and Fifty Cents, paid to ‘Dollars if paid within tho year; '[ ioWirg fln'd Fifty Cents, if not paid within o !r,or:':;i tbe year. ' These ;termH will be rigidly adhered to in CTcry ip^taUGo. ; sMc) subscription discontinued until pll arrearages are paid unless at tho option of the JlditOr.; ' 'I; ■’. l , by thocXsit, ana pot ciceoding pnoltsquaro, will be times for .OafttidUifeland twenty-five cents for oaeb of a greater length in P "on^tlil^| i uch as Hand-bills, Posting-bills, Pamnhlettfß#l% labels, Ao. Ac., o*ceutcd with ftnoiirftgy' shortest jiot^oo. CniAiV. il Firefc. «ty, inrQL illy orju. icul offe SlnjDtt - 11 "" ‘ - ~~ h A :.lSl^KoetimL ■ - f ™“; OLD FRIEND. ■ rioM'.,..: V rAnK I,KNJAMIN -. • ’ many a year hath flown, i W ' Ber Ik CumJ" alld , l ' irst “ et — in pur bosomsgrow MtOm.-' and now, i ■ J i |w ss?biotflttUJg brightly yet. philosophic mind, :Time w«inore than he loaves behind— ' ; ' thicf of joys; > •. whioh all must pay— ion } Val- „ * f ' old men of boys. Zenrinp :' '• : ' . . on i Hen- jTimc^i^ligrfioythe and hour-glass,, stands li, Soul! • s tTo reiip of'our lands — o* Sami V dnysj icphrrdi. Time chty:thto,kcoues t steel to rust, Saxion, Time cfumblpa itionuuionts to dust—. Spring, • our praiso, . found with Father Tlmo, prose and rhyme, .^;^^ai^o. D wiU not upbraid; bur hearts as young k> ** ““Shod and sung v' and m shade. Cui&ta' •rdstono, ; Jam ; bingUm; }, ngdpifc t tgo makes' friendship cold ? “T- grows old, ebkw.t.l.' .vAMi moiuLtam pines, v, jhdadjr unfading vorduro Jl, ■ * ?ClxoajslfMmtor; darkens thorn with frovriis, y j. smiles and shinca. P • ' V x j,. our mutual souls, P A isAtirlli'li|poii its axis roll?,’ rt ' E^:^®te-.TmeB; : bf?ovo that ph»i j lim k!Y sl and cmb?acQ ■ - ouesof our raco^ * !V : ,‘ "SQitkot'firom airo to, sor - pur largo.affection might survive, SIZE* ; iv °; ‘fj: :': 1 110 more, [Vpy to guard our fames, our honest names, -—of joth ■ ~ qQ^^j^^B^^ u sonioHilng jn those hours the flowers icrBlwpU!S^|^^^^ffi : flcurccly bloom, V there grows : Mr.lhT- f ; sands'and snows, ihcEaV.. j our tomb 1 ■rs, anduX; 1 ■ --' - ■ anil nilh .'; 1 - .. ’" ; • *^iattllariwna. .T’“ orior■■ . : 1 - j# > ft; TILE OP-JOHN TAYLOR.. was licensed, when a youth gf practice at the bar of I’hilagel -Prc,,?'jfi^i>’^®i r «P'a3 poor, but well-educated, and , ll “ nd Sl'gii|af|flxtraordinary genius. The graces ! n ’ r 'tfihi»Mi'fiOD, combined with the superiority StoJ'tSMfiaieot, enabled him to win the hand its pi -f a fashionable beauty, iwclvo months uf b wW'Trt^&V'the husband Was employed by a o.xn m '“-cdlthy' firm of the city to go on a mission aft Ullh - lldhddigeOt to the West. As a heavy salary Taylor bid farewell to his wife nd»infant son. He wrote back every week, HtSot'dliuo in answer. Six months elapsed, . mtodle received a letter from his employers ~ r ,,,te f gxpldi?ibd'an. Shortly after his depfir ttni Rr the >Vc»t, the wife and father removed ,) ishe im’m'odigtoly. ob jiined ‘aldiwVeo .hy an act of Legislature, 1 famed again forthwith, and to complete the Umax of cruelty land wrong, bird t% name of ’aylot’fl sod, changed to gf her 1 J * ccond matrimonial partner. This perfidy too m’joarly;drove Taylor insane. His career from on to that poriodbecaihccccgntric in the first do ! I mlife peo.- At.ia’ftt.a fever oarrfed him'oif atai . jMpparativgly. early age. 1 !> U!i At an early hour of the day, oh the 6th of XU'pnl; 1840, thp'Court House in Clarksville, i w»®"crowded’ to" bvdeflowing j save in ‘ ere had never boon wit ig in Red River county, igs apparent on every (iontly explain the mat- isortmei DP; AC s of felt by the communi te far deeper when it and Pike, of Arkan- S. S. Prentiso, of Now fees, had boon retaiu ;fonco.; .• , ididtmont of murder •il, with the acquittal .iOpkiuw. ™lt might well have jett forseon 1 hy oqpiparing the talents of the luiisfil ongqged om '.either side. The Texas Utterly overwhelmed by the ar- JmeUtsahdoloquonco of their opponents. It iw'*afflght bf a'dvvarf against a giant. was sot for the 9th, and ie thtbhg of spectators grow in numbers as IWlf : '»s'''6xoit6inent; and, what may seem l cl ’range/ tjf# Current of public sentiment now ln r 'deoidWlJ?,fdr Hopkins. Ilis money had ®j»Whnsod wituqssos, who had served efficientlyi'diis powerful advocates. In-, jod, 4Q tfiujUphttnt had been the success of -Wo f ptovi6us dayy that when the slander case c l<tecq{lodi'Marv-lEllison'waa loft without on had all withdrawn. , The pig t,fy- potiifoggprs/dai'od not bravo again the larp.wit ofpiko, or the scathing thupdcr of rentls's./ ’ 1 George liopkins, one ;ers and most influen- Toxas, oflercd a gross the young and beau ir. The husband threa for the outrage, where his gun, went to Ellis him in his own door, ■jsfcpd and bailed'to an- occurrence produced 'd Hopkins, in order to ir opinion, or at least to ttath, which at first was arculafed reports in the oharafctor of thb 1 such cruel wrong at it her suit for slander; ) criminal and the bth >f the same tragedy, iril Circuit Court, for , Qh, then, but jt was a (vision, both glorious and dreadful, to behold the orator. Ills ac tions, before graceful as the wave of a golden willow in the: breeze, grew ns impetuous as the motion of an oalf in the hurricane. His voice bodaipo a trumpet filled with wild whirl pools, deafening the oars with crashing pow er, and yet iatornunglod nil the while with n sweet undersong of the softest cadence. His face was crimsoned—his forehead glowed like a heated furnace—his countenance looked “Have you no counsel 7” inquired Judge Mills, looking kindly at the plaintiff, ‘‘No 'sir 1 , they have nil deserted mo, nnd I nin too poor to employ any more," replied the beautiful Mary, bursting into tears. ‘‘ln such a ease will not some chivalrous member of the profession volunteer 1” asked the Judge, glancing around the bar. The thirty lawyers were ns silent os death. Judge Mills repented the question. “I will, your honor,” said a voice from the thickest part of the crowd, situated behind the bar. At the tone of that voice many started half from their scats; and, perhaps, there was not a heart in that immense throng, which did not beat something quicker-~-.it was so unearthly, sweet, clear, ringing and mournful. The first sensation, howOyor, was changed into a general 1 laughter, when a tall, gaunt, spectral figure, that nobody present remem bered ever to have seen before, elbowed his way through the crowd, and placed himself within the bar. His appearance was a prob lem to puzzle the sphinx himself. IJis nigh, pale brow, and small, nervously twitching face, seemed alive with the concentrated es sence and cream of genins; but then his in fantile blue eyes, hardly visible beneath thoir massive archesj looked dim, dreamy, almost unconscious; his clothing was so shabby that the court hesitated to lot the causp pr’ppppd uhder his management. “Has your name been entered on the rolls of the State ?” demanded tbp Judge suapic: iously. . . “It is immaterial about my name being on your rolls,” answered, thp strangox-j his thin, bloodless lips cprllng into a fiendish snppr. “I may bp allowed to appear ohep by the courtesy of the court and bar, Here isjny li cense, from the’highest tribunal in Ampi'ica,” and he handed Judge bjills p broad mont. The trial, immediately iypnt on, Jn the examination of sir-ea ger evinced but Jittlp ingenuity, as' was com monly thought. Ho suftorpcl Bpch one to tell }(is owiV story without interruption, though he contrived to’ make epph tell it over two or three times. lie put a foxy cross questions, which, with keen witnesses, only servod to pqrrept pjistjlkps, jrnd }ip made no notes, which in mighty memories always tend to embarrass. Tho examination being ended, as the counsel for the plaintiff, he bad a right to the opening gppocli, os well as tho close; but to tho aston ishment of every one, ho declined tho former, and allowed the defence to lead off. if ben a shadow of light plight have been observed to nit across tho features of Pike, and then to darken even tho bright eyes of Prentiss. — They saw that they had ‘-‘caught, a Tartar," but who it was, or how it happened, it was impossible to guess. . Col. Aahly spoke first. Ho dealt the jury a dish of that; close, dry logic, which, years afterwards, rendered him famous in thp Sen ate of tho Union. The poet, Albert Pike, followed with a rich vein of wit, and a whole torrent of ridicule, in which you may bo sure neither the plaintiff nor the pfaintlfTs raggedattorney wore either, forgolldn or snared. The.great Prentiss concluded fertile defen dant, with a glow of gorgeous words, brilliant as a shower of falling stars, and with a final burst of oratory that brought the house down in cheers, in which the sworn jury themselves joined, notwithstanding the stern “order” of the bench. Thus wonderfully susceptible are the south-western people to the charms of im passioned eloquence. It was then the stranger’s turn. Ho had re mained apparently abstracted during all the previous speeches. • Still and straight, arid motionless in his seat, his pale, smooth fore head shooting up high like a mountain cone of snow; but for the eternal twiching that came and wont in his shallow cheeks, you would have taken him for "a mere man of marble, or human man carved in ice. . Even his "dim, dreary eyes were invisible beneath those gray, shaggy eyebrows. But, now, at last, ho rises before the bar tailing, not behind, and so near the wonder ing jury that ho might touch the foreman with his long bony finger. With eyes still half shut, gnd standing rigid as a pillar of iron, his thin'lips ogi’lcd as if in measureless scorn, slightly part, and tlicyoicp comes forth. At fjrijt it is slow and sweet, insinuating itself through tlip biffin as an artless tune winding its way into thp aftb'p&t fiptvrjy like the melody of a magic incantation; while the speaker proceeds without a gesture, or tho least sign of excitement,'to tear in pieces the argument of Ashley, that njelts away at his touch as frost before the sunbeam/ ' jSvsry one looked surprised. His logic was at oncp so brief, and so luminously clear, that the'rudest peas ant could comprehend it without an effort. Anon, ho came to the dazzling wit of tho poet-lawyer, Pike. Thou the curl of his lip grew sharper—his sallow face kindled up— and his eyes began to open, Him and dreamy no longer, but vivid as lightning, red as fire globes, and glaring like twin nretcops. The whole soul was in tho eye—the full heart streamed out on tho face, In five minutes Pike’s wit seemed tho loan) of folly, and his finest satire horrible profanity, tvhbn con trasted with tho inimitablo sallies and exter minating sarcasms of the stranger, interspers ed with jest and anecdote that tillpd tho forum with roars of laughter. . Then, without so mqch fts bestowing an al lusion to Prentiss, he turned short on the per jured witnesses of Hopkins, tore their testi mony into atoms, and hurled in their faces such terrible invectives that all trembled as with an ague, and two of then) gctpally flfld, dismayed, from the court house, , The excitement of the crowd wgs bcconjiifg tremendous. Tho united life gnd soul sociucu to hang on the burning tongue of tho stran ger. Ho-inspired them with the powers of his own passiqns. He saturated then) with the poison of his own malicious feelings. lie seemed to have stolon Ifaturo’s long liiddon secret of attraction, Ife was the sun to the sea of all thought and emotion which rose and fell, and boiled in billows as he chose. Ijqt his greatest triumph was to come. Ills eyes began to glare furtively at tho as sassin, Hopkins,and his lean, toper finger slowly assumed tho same direction. Ho hemmed tho wretch with a oircumvallation of strong evidence and impregnable argument, cutting off all hope of escape. Ho ; piled up huge'bastions of unsurmountablo facts. Ho dug beneath tho murderer’s and slam derer’s feet, ditches of dilemmas, such as no sophistry could overleap, and no stretch of in genuity, evade s and having thus, one might say, impouhdbd his victim, and girt him about like a scorpion in a circle of fire—ho stripped himself to the work of massacre « OUK COUNTRY—MAY IT ALWAYS BE RIGHT-.BUT) RIGHT OR WRONG, OUR COUNTRY." haggard Jike that of a maniac; and over and anon ho flung his long, bpny arms on high, as if grasping nftor thunderbolts. Ho drew a picture of murder in such appalling colors, that, in comparison, hell itself might ho con sidered beautiful. Ho painted the slanderer so black that the sun seemed dark at noon day, when shining on such an accursed mon ster ; and then he so fixed both portraits on tho brow of tho shrinking Hopkins, that he nailed them there forever. The agitation of tho audience nearly amounted to madness. All at, once the speaker descended from his perilous heigjft. His voice wailed out for the murdered dead end living--Aho beautiful }Ja ry, wore beautiful every moment, as her tears flowed faster—till men wept, and loyoly ,wo-. men sobbed like children, He closed with a strong exhortation to the jury, and through them to the bystanders. He entreated the panel, after they -should bring- in their verdict for tho plaintiff, not to offor violence to tho defendant, hqwoyev- riqhly he might deserve it j in other- words, ‘-‘-not to lynch thp villain Hopkins, but leave his ppn ; ishmont to God," This was the most artfql trick of all, and bos.t calculated to insure veil; geanco, . ' The jury rendered q yerdict of fifty thou sand debars, and the night afterwards, Hop kins was taken olf his hod by lynchers, and beaten almost to death. I have listened to Clay, Webster and Cal houn—to Ucwoy, Tyng and Basboiii—but have never heard anything in the forrii of sublime •iyoi’da, even rpitiotely approximating the elo quence of. Taylor— jmasaivc as a mountain, and wildly rushing ns a cataract of fire, And this is tbe opinion of all wbo harp pycr bell'd IfljE uAnyEI-T-OOS MAN. •_ LOVE’S CALENDAR, TO AN ABSENT WIFE. pY JOHN 0. SAXK Q, since 'fcis decreed by the envious Fates, All deaf to the clamoring heart,. That the truest and fondest of «onjugfil m,atc3 4 Shall often bo sighing apart j Since the Days of our absence arc many and sad, And tho Hours of our mooting u;-o fo\vj j\h! what, jn a case so exceedingly had,, Can the deepest philosophy do ? Pray what can wo do—unfortunate elves,' . .Unconscious of folly or crime— But make a now Calendar up’for ourselves, • For the better ajppriaal of time I And the-Sours, alono’shall tho Calendar fill, (While Blanks show their distance, apart,) Just sufficiently ..near to keep off tho chill r> That else might bo freezing tho heart j And each Hour shall bo such a glorious hour,. . Its moments so procious and dear, That in breadth, and in depth, and in bliss-giving Power, It may fairly bo reckoned a year! A TOUCH OF HUMAN NATURE. BY C. M. KENDALL. 'Raymond Wollford was considered, though a young man, one.of tho most flourishing mer chants. 110 was a wecoihe guest in our so called highest circle of fashion; while many a calculating mamma considered him a very de sirable son-in-law in perspective. Suddenly ho was overwhelmed with pecuniary losses and ombarrasments, while thq nows spread as far as gossip topguds could . report it.— Strange to say, although his elegant mansion had to bo sacrificed, there was not a debt that remained unpaid, while some money was yet left him. ■ “ What think you of nature, my friend ?” said he to mo. “Itis a philosophical enigma, ll I replied. • “So it wgs with mo till I solved it," said he. ‘II found it a strange companion; the largerportion of whiph was selfishness. For instance, when the gilding of wealth covered my name, I was sought after by the very men who how turn their backs on ine. I was flat tered by women, who, if my name was now mentioned in their presence,. would affect a forgetfulness of ever haying hoard it. After dinner wo' will miths soipe calls during which you will perceive some ample illustrations of what I have said.” Accordingly after dinner wo sot out. Wo first entered thp epunting-room of a merchant, to whom ho. introduced mo as a friend. I.soon learned that my friend was not hold in the highest estimation, from, the cold formality with which ho was received. — We did not oven have the courtesy of chairs offered us. With a meaning smile, Raymond bid the merchant good afternoon, and wo found ourselves again in the street. “ This is illustration No; 1,” said he with a smile. ' “ Is if possible thpt'you could have boon in timalply acquainted with tips ip-an," I asked. “ That man has boon reduced to the extrem ity of begging his dinners. Time after time have I thus accommodated him. I even loan ed him money to commence business, and now you see how graciously ho has received mo and my friend." We next passed to the door of ah elegant mansion, wherein Raymond had been a fre quent gnd honored cmest. It has the resi dence of a profftssional'gontloman of largo for tune, who still did Raymond the justice to re gard him as such. His lady had even pro fessed a friendship for him gppatcr than her husband’s—if not for her'own at least for her daughter’s sake, to whom rumor once report ed he was engaged. Since Raymond’s mis fortune was whispered to her, she rto longer spoke of him ns a near friend, but endeavored .to persuade her husband to rid the hoiise ol him which provoked the calm reply; “Ho is a gentleman, and as such it. ■§ my will that you should’ entertain him whenever he in si y honor your house with his presence. Qn this account, I‘sjippos.o, w.e wore tolera ted in the prosont'instahee, fop the gentleman was not at homo, ■f’he lady treated us rather oooly, which I was prepared to see. After wo wore seated Raymond inquired for Miss Itiph ards, her daughter, io wliieh the lady replied witlj ap apparent shrug of the shoulders, that she was well, but at present engaged. “No, mamma, I am not," said the beautiful girl, ns she lightly entered the room, lam happy to meet an old friend, who, I am sure, is nono tho loss welcome for having boon un fortunate.” The lovers—for' tlioy wore —bad not jpet since Raymond’s misfortune, and their meet ing was now so heartfelt, that I could not for a moment doubt tho affection of either. I saw also the cloud that rested upon the brow of Mrs. Richards, nor was I surprised tq hear her, say:— _ “My daughter is so pleasantly engaged, gentlemen, that f trust my presence is no longer required-;" and without ceremony she loft tho room, “ Clara,” said Raymond, taking her white hand, “ are all my fondest hopes to bo realiz ed I Can tho daughter of a wealthy man oon T dosobnd to acknowledge her affection for a poor bankrupt merchant 7” , 'flio fair girl blushed and looked doubtfully at me. A CARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 86,1860. “Do not fear to speak in'his presence,” said ho, “for next to you ho is' probably my best friend.” k " Then listen,” she said, smiling sweetly.— “ A few weeks since, with the consent of my parents, I solemnly plighted my love to one. who has long possessed my heart’s host affec tion, I did not ask the weight of his money bogs, nor tho weight of dkis coffers, for such matters did not form, one Item of consideration, with mo.' I found him a gentleman, and as such I gave him my hand. Until lam con,, yinced to tho contrary, why should 1 desiro to retract my words : : . “ Clara, you tiro (in angol,” said Raymond, as hp cdyored her hands with kisses; “and this treasure 1 more shsn my existence, for in adversity as well as in prosperity, it is still true to me.” Miss Richards,”' said I, “ you have per plcxpd me, When entered this house I thought I had solved thp .problem of humau nature, and was about to write, the sum total —selfishness; hut I must recent, Iluiqan up time is not so had after all,’* After a happy consultation op the part of the lovers, who In.their earnestness qiuto for got ray presence, we left the house, “Now,” said Raymond, “one more visit, one njoro illpstration and then for home.” .“ No, my friend, wo will teakc no morovis ita this qftemoon, 'fhe last terminated too pleasantly to hp marred by a frpsh picture of selfishness.” Raymond did not urge the patter, and wp rpturned to his house,' * When Mr. Richards cpipe home that even ing, his wife and daughter found him ip px opUeht hunior. Something had occurred which pleased him. Occasionally he indulged in a silent fit of laughter;, wlpeh' for him was pnusual; and once an pnconscioiis exclama tion of “ Capital 1” pscapod his lips, “ | am glad, Mr, Richards, to find you so happy,” spid Mrs. Richards, “ for I was nev er m a worse hunior. Wcllford has called here Again and ClprA has honored him with a long private conference.” “I have received a note from him, in which, ho desires me to sanction'his marriage with pur daughter,” “ Row presuming J I declare I quite detest him.” . , , ‘ 1 .t\nd I adniire him," coolV replied her hus band. “ Several days since I offered him the means with which to commence business, which he declined. To-day I learned the rea son, as I also learned his fortune was not im paired. His mahsion house has not been sold but ho allowed a friend to retain the same as the apparent owner. The V fact was that ho was envious of his wealth, and played the bankrupt simply" to test'the friendship of his acquaintances/ who have .generally acted ac cording to the world. ,TH&e who slighted him must suffer, a just mortipdatipn, of which, my lady, you must bear youriiart.” “T have hoVef disliked him as a man,” said Mrs. Richards, coloring with'shame, “My daughter’s welfare has only governed my con duct. She has only oxpteriopjpf>a.affluence, and would make an yi cQuipani^i ppyerly^-1 acted as a; pmdent ■ . Header, all comedies end in marriage; so does the majority of tales.- /And in this .in stance I shall pot be out of fashion.. I have lived .to. see many cloudless years of happiness pass over the union. , Raymond is very cau tious in the selection of his friends although their, number is legion, while he and myself still retain the same opipion that humjin na ture is noj; so bad after all. The common earth qr angle-worn} infqsjs most old gardens ' and rich' soils generally, much to the detriment of the appearance of the former^whore neat walks and alleys are' always desirable. They usually ooine to the surface in rains and’after heavy dews, (hence taking the name of dete-wprm,) bringing with them a portion of the soil, pnd leaving their casts and trails whorpyer they move. These facts ore generally' noticed, but few have stu died their uses or sought to know the part they perform in the , economy of nature. In stead of being, as is generally supposed det rimental to the farmer, they are laborers with ] him in the improvement of thp soil. ‘ A scien tific writer oil zoology says i ” ’ i “The burrowing of earth-worms is a process | exceedingly useful to] the, gardener and agri culturist ; and these animals are far more use ful to man in this way, than they are injuri ous by destroying vegetables.: They give a kind of under tillage to the land, performing the same below the ground , that the, spade does above for the garden arid the plough for arable land, loosening the edirth so as to ren der it permeable to air and water. It has lately, been shown that .they, will oven add to the depth of soil ; covoripg barren tracts with a layer of productive mould. Thus in fields that have been overspread with lime, burnt marl, or oindflrs, thqso substances are in time covered with finoly-idivided soil, well adapted to the,support of vegetation,: ' “ That this njqst common ly attributed by f(j,rn}"ers to the wbrkingdown of the material in question—is really duo to the action of the earth;w6rm, appears from the fact that in j}dil tlijjs "formed largo j numbers 6t wqrm cnsts* may bo distinguish ed. These ipo' produced by the digestive pro cess of thq worms, which take into their in testinal canal a large quantity of the soil through which they burrow, extraot-from it a great part of the decaying vegetable matter it may contain, and eject the rest in a finely di vided state. In this manner a field manured with'marl has become covered, in the course of eighty years, with a bed of earth averag ing thirteen inches ip thickness.” Another author speaks of the angle-worm (lumbrieus terresU-is} ns the natural manure of the soil, and the reqdy indicator of its im proved state. Jt consumes on the surface of the ground, where they would soon be injuri ous, the softer parts of decayed vegetable mat ters, and convoys into tho soil the more woody fibres, Where they " moulder and become re duced to a simple nutrimqnt, fitting for living vegetation, T.nq parts consumed by them are soon returned to tho surface, whence dissolv ed by frosts and scattered by rains, they cir culate again in thq plants of the soil —a cease less rotation, “ death still producing life.” These worms are tender creatures and wa : tor remaining a few days over their haunts drowns them; they easily become frozen, un less they enter deeper into the efirth to escape tho cold. No sooner is the frost out pf the ground, than they como to tho surface and go to,work again. Wo have observed that a cer tain degree of moisture sooiqs necessary to their activity; they go dovyn to the depth of eighteen inches or two foot in extreme dry weather. Wei have found them Imottod in a compact ball in a dry, hard subsoil-jso hard as to require a pick to penetrate, it. Various other characteristics in their natural'history might bo mentioned, but ns they do not rotor particularly to tlipir agricultural uses, wo leave them to the 'researches of the ouriqus reader.’ —[ Country OeiUlemaii. U3* Hope is tho imclior of tlio soiil. Efjrth or An^le-Wonns' [From the Congressional Globe.} tHB TARIFF QUESTION. SPEECH OF HENRY D. FOSTER, IN DEFENCE OF ' PENNSYLVANIA INTERESTS; IN CONGRESS, DECEMBER 18, 1811. Mr. Foster, after adverting to the unexpec ted and hasty manner in whfch the bill (to re mit the duties bn railroad iron) had beep brought forward, and remarking that Penn sylvania had been accustomed to consider the tariff question as one to b.e, treated on general ' Erinciples, proceeded to express his rpgfet that is colleitguo [Mr. 13. .Joy Morris] had alluded to the recent canvass in; Pennsylvania as ho had done. As a inoipb.er of tin's I[ouse ffoip Pennsylvania] ps a native of Pennsylvania, he felt prbud of that great State; and he would not allow him,self, here or'.elsewhere, as his colleague had done, to charge, the people of Pennsylvania with acting under false or fraud ulent motives on the subject of the tariff. ,If the Whig party had carried the State, Mr. F. esteemed that party so’highly, that,' before the national legislature, he would not have been found making such a charge. - lie know the manner in which’ the canvass had boon con- • ducted; and when the gentleman came to speak of it, as : it had been carried on in his [Mr. Fos ter's] county, and to"dyblafc tfnjt’ the people" had acted .vender such influences, ho had mis ; taken them.’ Thcy hdd acted under no delu sion, The tariff question was the one which, in the Iptb canvass in Pennsylvania, had deep ly agitated in' the public mind. They had boon told by their Whig friends there, and generally throughout the country, that, by the election’ : 'of l\]r. Polk, the iron and coal inte rests of Pennsylvania woro to be trodden down; but he had declared to them that the profession that the Whig party were the only friends, to thq protqo'tiqn p] the irqq interest of Pennsylvania, was hollow and unsound; that at the last session of Congress, in the. Senate of the United States, the first blow at the iron interest, had sprung, fron] n membpr of the Whig party from Maine ;"arid although a dis-. tinguished Senator from Georgia had made a. pilgrimage to Pennsylvania to tell the people of that State thqt protection tq thgt great in terest could only.be looked for from the Whig party, yet when they turned to the Journal of the Senate, they found the vote of that Sena tor recorded against the tariff of 1842, and in favor of the bill of the gentleman from Maine, to reduce the duty on railroad iron. Had ho been mistaken wherthehad told the people of his. State that for a. fair, equitable, honorable adjustment of the tariff system, they must not rely on the Whig party alone ? What did wo see noSv? The first movement at-the present session; of- attacking the great interests of Pennsylvania, did it come from the Democra cy of the North, the South, the East or the West? No; but from a prominent Whig member of this House. Now, when his col league undertook to say that 170,000 of the’ people of Pennsylvania had been deluded, ho ‘tola him that he did not’know that people.— Had the gentleman confined his remarks to the people of his own district, it was very proba ble that ho might have some personal reasons therefor. But the poople of Pennsylvania had had all the lights of the pqojjlq qf thq wholf Union; a four-horsp w.Jgon would not hold all the documents thrown into that one district by Whig wrltqra and orators’. But ho was sor ry, as hq had observed, that his colleauge had dragged before this assembly, any question of this kiri(]'j hq or any Other man who might hayp'’att(pnptjjd it qt'thg last election, had been successful in misleading thq people upon the question of the tariff, or any other. The question of protection of the iron interest,- was ono deeply fojt by I’pnnsylvaniq. It might not, pei-li'iips, be kijoivq to this House, that in Pennsylvania tliqrq was one es tablishment, in the ]Pcstqrh p4 rt °f tlio State, where thqy could 'railroad jron to the amount of'between 80 to 100 tons per week- Mr. F] also referred to ono or two oth- er os'taldislimc'nte manufacturing to,a likfj pxt'ent. ‘ ‘ ‘‘ " They haa boon told by tbo gontloman from. South Carolina [Mr. Holmes] that Pennsyl-. vania at ono time introduced largo quantities •pf imported railroad iron,' l?6r tqn years pri or to 1841, railroad iron had been admitted free of duty. Then no railroad iron had been manufactured in the Union—then no capital had been invested in 'this country in its man ufacture. But,, lot him tell the gentleman from Pennsylvania, that Pennsylvania, when she did import that railro/id iron frefi of duty, paid twelve dollars more per ton than she could now manufacture it for. It had been free of duty for ten years; foreigners then had con trol of the whole market; domestic competi tion thore was none, Then she had paid six ty dollars per ton for railroad iron; and he pledged himself hero that her manufacturers were ready to contract now, where contracts could bo made, at fortymight dollars per ton. Mr. Holmes interposed, and asked if ho un derstood tbp gentleman to say that the X rail could now be obtained hero in any quantity ? Mr. Poster replied in the affirmative. Mr. Holmes. Well, I will take a contract of the gentleman. Xam authorized to do so by the railroads. [Sovoralvpioes: “ Draw writings.” Laugh ter.] Mr. Holmes. The gentleman will furnish it at §4B per ton, free of duty ? Mr. Buffington replied that contracts could be made, and would bo willingly made, at §5O per ton. . Mr. Holmes. The T iron?- Mr. Buffington. Any iron. The conclusion of the bargain was not bear,d by the reporter; but * Mr. Phoenix came forward and was under stood to say that he would be glad to take a quantity of thp gpntlpnjan’s ipjjj at the price he had stated. [Laughter.l Mr. Poster continued. The establishments in Pennsylvania .and Maryland were already prepared to make large contracts for the fur nishing df rpilroad iron. ]]ut'bp-d not the gen tleman from South Carolina, ’Sybo yesterday had'defended this bill with so much warmth, told tbonj that ho was willing the tariff should bb so arranged as to yield sufficient revenue for the government and' that all he asked, and ma ny other gentlemen who agreed with him, was, to bring tbo tariff to a revenue standard ? Was ho to understand the gentleman from South Carolina now that ho wished railroad iron to come in free of duty? Was . revenue standard wliieh the gentleman i South Carolina, and those who " * ' wore disposed to make? Ho was glad that tho gentleman from South Carolina had thus ear ly given them information as to the course he intended to pursue as to the question of tho tor iff The gentleman wont for a revenue standard of duties: would tho gontloman toll him how much railroad iron it would bo nec essary to import under tho provisions of this bill, to raise revenue sufficient for govern ment ? To-morrow tho gentleman might toll liis friend from Now England that ‘tbo rove- 1 enuo standard’ .upon cotton goods amounted to the same as it did in the gentleman’s action on iron; and he might make a similar decla ration to the gentlemen from Now York, and from other States; engaged in the manufacture of salt, iron, wool, cotton, and sugar. Al though tho gentleman professed to be in favor of a ‘revenue duty,’ ho ]Mr. F.l should tell tho people of his State, at least) that tho gen tleman, by his action, was iti flavor' of having foreign iron come in duty free. All that Pennsylvania asked was a fair, honest settlement of this great question ; she wanted it adjusted in some manner to give se curity to her citizens. She always maintain ed the doctrine that the majority were to rule, and that their laws were rngdo 1 to be submit lod to. Prom 1833 to 1842—a period during which all her industrial pursuits had been stricken down by tho opera.ti6n.bf tho compro niiso act—no arm had been raised there in de fiance of the authority of this government; hut daily and hourly they shw the whole of these, ihteresls going to decay and destruction; and they waited until tho appeal madd'lo ]ho patriotism and good sense of the American' people prevailed in tho passage of tho tariff of 1842, under which all her interests were be ginning to revive and look up. She now oc cupied the, same position sheliad occupied be fore the passage, of the compromise, apt of 1833, The principle Of the tariff of 1843, as fur_aa it related to tho manufacture of iron, of any de scription, or of every description, was not too high, ' Il<j wouM state it as a reproach tor the Ame rican character, that, in his own State, foreign railroad iron had been laid down within six inches of the finest beds of iron in the world. Such iron in Pennsylvania, Miss ouri, Tennessee, and New Jersey; and yet foreign 1 railroad iron had hitherto been'impor ted, and laid down on'ad our railroads. Ho ■panted tdj pee th<j -tunS fyrrivp when, )jy the perfection' of' machinery, by' thp, increased skill and by the ihprpased capital of Pennsyl vania, they'would be abfq 'to sucoessftilly coin pqtq'With ‘foreigners without any prof potion at all. Ifo knew that the time would conic; but ho would toll gentlemen ffopV the South that it never WOi|ld grriye unless adequate protec tion was given to our groat interests in the be ginning. To. show the beneficial effects of • protection, he would mention that, in 1838, '39, and '4O, when railroad iron was brought in free of duty, and when it Was imported largely in all tfie (States, it rose up 50 and (JO per cent.; but now, since the tariff of 1842, it can be bought 12 per cent, cheaper than it was in 1838, ’39 and '4O. lie was really sorry to seo his friend from South Carolina [Mr. Holmes] fall into the arms of a coalition, which he .believed had already begun between some of the gentlemen of the South and of Now England; hut lot him toll tho New Eng land gentlemen, that if they deserted Penn sylvania, and threw themselves into the arms of the gentleman from South Carolina, they musthot expect tho aid of the former when their own interests are in danger. Pennsyl- I vanla voted for and with them in tho protec j tion of their cotton and woollen manufactures; I I and he would ask them who it was that pass, > ed the tariff of 1842, by which such ampin ■ protection was afforded to the important intc s rests of New England ? When—lpt him ask ■ tho gentlemen of Nqw England—-did I’ehti -1 sylvania over falter'on the question of protcc-1 1 tlDg'ilomestic industry ? . Why, then, when an i qt'tfgnfjt was made to strike down at one blow her most'important gnj yital interests, should it bo countenanced by thoso’lo whom Pennsyl vania had always given her support ? Why was it, when Pennsylvania was alone singled .out from all the other States, and her interests to he set up- as a mark to hq shot at, that ho found some of his friends from Now England joining in thp attack ? If they were disposed to dpsprt Pennsylvania now, let them not horo after say, whatever the action of Pennsylvania niay he'in regard to a tariff, that she has de serted them. If the majority of that House, ; thouglit the’duty on railroadmen, oratiykind of iron, waited nigh, why,Tot it be reduced in a general bill.; but when they were asked to strike down this important interest, not for the sake of the farmer,' or the mechanic, but for tho sake of large corporations, thou ho hoped they would pause and consider whether they I would bo consulting tho interests of the coun try in adopting thp mepsure. ]fo was glad |hat tlius early in tli'e passion a proponent member of tho AYhig party had brought for ward a measure that would show tho people how far they were willing to protect their in terests, while they would exempt from taxa tion wealthy incorporated companies, and im pose its burdens on tho industry of the coun try. Ho wanted to know, and Pennsylvania wanted to .know, if there was a disposition in that House to strike down her most important interests, while the interests of other portions of the Union were left untouched; undue wan ted tho vote on this bill to decide that .ques tion. As ho observed before, ho trusted there was’no disposition in any part of the House to sanction a measure such as this. Had the in troducers of this measure given, or could they give, any reason why railrqnd. iron should come in free of duty, in preference to cotton or woollen goods ? Had they given any rea son why it should come in free in preference to cotton bagging ? Ho knew that he might listen in vain for. any good reason that could bo given for tho passage of this bill. It might he that this question would come up in a gen eral hill while bo was p,member of tho House, and then ho would bojroady to meet it bij. his merits; but if tho tariff was to be stta'ejjijd iu this manner in detail, according to what the gentleman from Soutli Carolina [Mr. Holmes] avows as his cb'ijrished policy, whore would it end ? To day the attack was on tailroad'iron, and next week tho assault might boon woollen or cotton goods. Then salt, and next the su gar of Louisiana and lead of Missouri would bo attacked id dpta.il. ff it cduld not be sus tained'ps a system, why, lot it go down, and if that policy which the country had cherish ed above all others could not be sustained in oil its parts, lie was for lotting it all fall to gether. 1 '' " 1 : Wondebs qf Light.— Prick a hole in a canl ■ with a pin, and then look through it. i hrongli that small hole a complete landscnl’° " : viewed. -4t ono' of the iamheapo ■ there may bo a forest of trees; in the distance • there may bo hills bathed in golden light, and overhung with glittering clouds; m the mid distance there may bo a river winding its J course along, as though it loved the earth | through which it ran, and wished, by wander ing to and fro, to refresh the thirsty soil; in the foreground may bo a church, covered by a million ivy leaves; and groping towards the sacred edifice may bo hundreds of intended worshipers, old and young, rich and poor; flowers may adorn the pathways, rind butter flies spangle the air with their beauties; yet every one of those objects—the forests, the hills, the clouds, the river, the church, the ivy, the people, the flowers, the butterflies— must have sent rays of light which found their way through the little hole in the card, and entered to.paint tho picture upon the curtain of tho eyo. This is one of tho wonderful properties of light. OC7” Knowledge is Power. nnb dni)£ Bgjf Justice is certainly an odd fish-—she has bnly iv single, pair of scales. BQP 1 It is exceedingly bjid husbandry to harrotf jp the feelings'of year. Tyifoi. A splendid ear put a very poor voice/- as the organ-grindor said to the donkey. ' O? An Odd Fellow—Morpheus,- for ho is ; undeniably a Nod felloyr. " - ' 1 O? Cricketing for thp nprspry—Give a child a bat and jt'll ball. ' [FT? When are a sweet? apple and a sour ap pic alike ?—When they are pared. ID? Let us always be cheerful; if life is a burden, let it be ty burden of song. Or’ Why is Berlin the njoet dissipated city . in Europe?—-I!cca\;so it is always bn the. /Spree, ’ ‘ 1 ' O? Littlp drops of rain brighten thp mea dows, and littlp pots bf kindness (ifigh'fciri thp world. - ’ ' ‘' • - ■ ’ ■ , DC7* Twenty-five thousand converts have been added to Calvanistic churches in Wales during the. past year. O’ When the Queen of England is angry what order of merit docs she represent 1.. A Victoria Cross. O’ The bread of life is love; the, salt of life is work; the swcethcss'of life, poetry; the water of life, faith. O” Happiness must arise from our tempo'!' and actions, iinfi ifqp immediately from an if external conditions'/ OF It. has been lately remarked, that “the only way to bp angry without sin, is,to bo; angry pt 1 pothihg but sin." O’ It may fairly be contended that, invofc; orate laziness is the most effective labor-sav ing machine ever invented. O’ A Frenchman, wishing to speak of thp. cream of the English poets, forgot the words, and said, “do butter of poets.” . O’ California yeast; the product of a veg etable, has boon very fatal in Tennosspp, pro-' (hieing death from swolltn stomach/ . O’ Take not too much pride in more man ners. The finest dandy is not bettor at a than a puppy is at a bfpv-wow,' O’ “Give mo a kiss, dear girl!” hi cpn’t,” she replied; “I don'tjnind lending you one 1 , but I must have it to-morrow.” O’ There are ipqny doublings in the hu man heart; do not think that you can find out the whole of a man's real character at oncoJ [O’ The odor of flowers is never so sweet and strong as before a. storm. Beautiful soul 1 when the.storm draws nigh, thee bo a flower. Kj* A poet says:—-“Oh, she was fair,: MV sorrow cambj and }pft his traces there.” What became of ihq'balanes of the harness hb don'!? state.' ' 1 ■"■ 037“ A npifquia said to a financier,‘‘l would, have you. i;nosir that I am n man of qnrflity.A “And I/’ replied the’financier, am a man of quantity.’! [O’ Scene at Patton’s —Waiter, (bawling to. the cook:) “One roast lamb and one potato.” Old gentleman; “No, No l not so much lan)b' and move potatoes!” •' ‘‘ ;O’ The - lifp insnranccftofnpaniQSareabouf’, inserting o’ elauso’i'n their pollpiijs, prohibiting their risks from risking their’pocks by bal looning ej; fight' - repp performances.'. 1A man is, in general, better pld'a'scd,” ; says Dr. Johnston, f'whon fio has al good din- ; nor upon his table',' than when his \Vifp' folks . Greek” , " O'" There arc men frying to prove before the Patent Qffipp, that IVlorsp is not (lip inven tor of tlie' MagnotiF’.Tole'gf&pl(.'' ‘Can impu dence be more brazen ? O’ The besf eyidpncp in flip world that Christianity is ft’dVflnOing, is found in the fact that the walls between the sects are growing weaker, or falling to ruins. [O’ Pleasure, like quicksilver, is bright and shy/ If we strive’ to grasp. it, if yfijf eludes us, and still glitters. We perhaps' seize it at last, and find it rynk poison. [O’ “Who's afraid V said a young man, to himself, in order to screw his courage to the sticking point. “Why, you arc,” said the dll-' ject of lux affections, ‘.‘or you would have ta-' ken,courage six months ago. O’ A Louisiana Court has mulcted the' New Orleans and Jackson llatlroad Company out of §22OQy for folding a passengef 50 miles' below his point of (destination—in a marsh; O* Thorp are 1200 male and 142 female prisoners looked up iu the §jug Sjng, New. York ■ State Prirorr, on Saturday, being, the’ highest number tliat has ever boon within thy prison wnjls. O’ With regard to flirtation, it is : difficult . io draw a limit where the predilection' df the ! moment becomes the more tender and serious' feeling, and flirtation sobers into a more hon orable form of devoted yftehtion. ■ , [Cf The New York Commercial Advertiser' quiets tho nerves 1 of "certain .old Jadjos, who ■ are fearful of the supply of coal girmg out,- , by assuring that there is enough m this com puny alono'to a.thousand uwllioij of p,QO* , pfo for 10,0 JO years to como 1 ’ry gold is found hut bore and there luribif earth?so it is'with lot*o in human lifc. ,: I Wo moot it a little in the hearts of children; land in our households; but it is herb and", there a scale of gold and a whole continent of dirh Leap Year.— ln olden tinfes, uurtiiiVricd' women used to >ycUr a scarlet petticoat during-.' leap year,- If they showed it to any man,'ho'- was hound to marry them,- but bo could biiv himself ofi’ by presenting' thb'lqdy tyilli a nbw gown—a cheap alternate. " ' 4 CT*' A womjm ija Philadelphia is ndvbrtia-" ing in one of the daily papers, “Infant lie-’ treat,” established for the reception and ao-' coinmodation of those babies whoso affection ate parents desire to get through their sum-' mor travelling without incumbrance. Anecdote op Methuselah’s Disregard' of- Life. —lt is written in a cpiaint old Jowiali mamispript now in tho British Museum, thaf tho 'oldest of mankind, Methuselah, did .not live as long as ho might have done. Tho wri-' tqr says that God promised him in a dream' that if lib w'bUld rise up atid build him' a' house, his life should hq ‘prolonged fitd llflli-' dred yours. But ho replied that it was seated-' ly worth while to build g-house for ( so short a' period, and he died' before he was l.OOOycttts' 'old. NO. 46.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers