'MERICAN VOLUNTEER. a: PODIiISUED EVERT THURSDAY MORNING BY JoUu B. Bratton., T E ft M S StioHCiurTiON . —Ono Dollar and Fifty Cents, lid in advance i Two Dollars if paid within the 3 arj and Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not lid within the year. Those terms will be rig ;ly adhered to in every instance. No sub iription discontinued until all arrearages are lid unless at the option of the Editor. Advertisements —Accompanied by the OAsif, id not exceeding ono square, will bo inserted ireo times for Cue Dollar, and twenty-five cents ir each additional insertion. Those of a great er length in proportion. Jon-FiiiNTiNq— Such as Hand-bills, Posting illS, Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, &c.,&0., exc ited with accuracy and at the shortest notice. ftoital. SUMMER AND WINTER. :'i Ah ! those were very pleasant days, The days wo spent together, } Gome back through memory’s golden haze, ;:Or cloudless summer weather ! < ®hat X may deem I’ve saved at least j'Soino fragments from life’s scattered feast i|'%h wandered past the shallow Stream, S-s, Arid 'through the now mown hay: - pjEach hour was like some glorious dream From Paradise astray. ; ~Tho scent of roses on the air pjSeomed part'Of life, which was so fair. o roamed amid the thick green wood— , Through the cool, pleasant trees; s And aUJ this world seemed very good, . With all Us memories, i never saw the moon so bright As through the boughs that summer night ■And now I'hear the bitter rain. Sweep from the angry henVen As blindly ’gainst the window pane Tlio withered leaves are driven; ’Then taint and lorn the moon appears _ And dim, like one who ainilet through tears, That ghostly moon’s uncertain Might Flung o’er the gaunt, bare trees— The starless sorrow of the night— The wailing of the breeze : An me! it was another earth Where summer reigned in light and mirth. And love, so pleasant, although.brief, Was made for summer days. Departing ero the falling leaf, And 1 autumn’s mellow rays'; iJHoie does it seem so very strange (That we, like all things else, should change. ®j3ur dream has vanished ns it came; s- Some hours of care it snatched; s, Pei chance wo played a dangerous game, * Dot well the players matched; ’’ Without reproach in either heart, Wo clasp cold hands, and so we pact. TO Mlf LITTLE OADGIITEB. BV O. D. STEWAKI. Sofi be thy pillow my. darling, . That hears thee in slum her to-night; Sweet bo thy dreams, till the morning Waites thee to fairer delight: . My precious, my innocent darling, My,loving, my beautiful one, ■ Gad keep "thee from sickness and sorrow, Till lile’s little journey is done. "ffhiit were the light of the morrow, If thou should’st not. waken again— What but a.cloiiri and a tempest, And sadness and anguish, ond_ pain ? Tho'curls oh thy brow aro our sunshine ; The light of thine eye is our joy j The smile on thy lip brings ua gladness, . And pleasure unmixed with alloy. • : Surely tile angels my darling, ■ Will watch theo in waking and sloop. And God in his infinite goodness, . ; The way of thy footsteps will keep; <-/ Tenderly lovingly, bending, Shield her, good angels, to-night. Sweet bo her slumber, till niorning ■ Wakes her to dearer delight. Him’elliinwujg, THE UNVEILED ATLANTIC. The description given of Japan by some of Lord Elgin’s-suite, rivals that of '-'theenchanted island in the Arabian Nights: can exceed the picturesque beauty iipjr'the Bay of Nagasaki, and the situation of Binme oity at its extremity. Swelling hills, cov- with verdure, rise from the water’s edge. iHprhc thatched roofs of snug cottages peep from, |Kpjit the dense foliage amid which they nestle. walls ol .rock are mirrored in the iflizure blue of the waters at their base. The •'nese are courteous, afjablq, gentlemanlike, ;ood-natured, quite diHerent from thedc iption which our disinterested friends, the i, gave of them. Jeddo, the capital, is lha'n London, and contains three millions iple. The leading street is ten miles long, losely packed with stuccoed houses. Here ie palaces of three hundred and sixty of ireditary princes, each a sovereign in his lominions. but compelled jo reside in the il for six months in the year. Some of the tons are made to hold ten thousand retain- The palace of the seqularking iasurroun ly a triple wall, and givea lodging to forty land people. The streets are spacious, and airy ; nodirt.no smells, no street ufilions. In the country, every cottage, le, and tea-house is surrounded by gar laid ou t in' the most exquisite taste. Tea es are found in every shady nook or by .easant rivers. The tea is served by the min r.\ isjrgtiqna of fair damsels, who glide rapidly L:' ap'd .noiselessly about, suspecting no indecorum ifc; ■andjmeah'iug none. • that wo should have known so little ik'l -'-fif thiqvt l oder ll Atlantic, this’ beautiful isle set It' ,Ttf!j£%Uver kea ! Stranger still that they shou d % c .‘ 1 out so perfect and yet so grotesque - ij- species of civilization. like the devices on il',,t™ira>wn ware,'odd and startling, but minute ly-Iflnfehed off Here we liave two kings ; one ' Spiritual• who can trace up his. lineage lor ! twec’ , J l rBve hundred years ; the other secular, ’4V who commands the forces, both dwelling in the y - game city like brothers. The Japanese seem to be the roost impressible ration on earth ; what- Ilver they see they imitate, telescopes, aneroids, 'atenm-engines. spy-glasses, &c.—and yet they ffihilferto locked themselves up within an impenetrable barrier- . . have, however, one curious institution 'SlSffioh prevails in a slight degree among our- P ti is what they call ‘Tteyboen, ’or helieve.” (it is as if a, Sdfn disbelieves of Ins senses, and acts accordingly, j dies in debt he is supposed to be alive, | family draws bis income regularly to .'•'S&S&W creditors. If a man commit suicide on insulted, he is not considered to he dead time h#s <ila P sed ' when ho is said tO , ■■•iNffieSwsried from disease. So when Lord 'boldly dashed into the prohibited pre r. ' clnotH ofthai harbor of Jeddo, after a little pus- V 'ri Ufa amazcmein. the Japanese authorities deler ’ Nayboen,” and believe ho ■ ■ . was somwhy l-6 e ' se - Amoiigpiher branches of useful education ’.lought pi the schools, the young patricians are Instructed in the forms and ceremonies of hari v’lrJKK'/ of ripping oneself up. If a noble ; %s' out of fayor at court if a superior insult-him fff ; Ke,h^f;C° nlln '' t, :d an y errof in diplomacy, hi.inyUcVall bis friends to a grand banquet, ipd ijyJiSh all are well fed and comfortable, he ' performs the hari kiri gracefully before them. ■■ ■ Ever since the Americans obtained a fooling in J Japan, this curious ceremony has been per ■' . ifuffOed. We hope that Lord Elgin’s treaty 'x--ljiith this imperturable nation will not he celo- by such extraordinary performances. , 1 !> >|j pur exports to Japan, last year, amounted BY JOHN B. BRATTON, VOl. 45. to £2OO. Surely this wonderful people must have something to export and something to im port too. They will not export any manufac tured articles, but they will readily import them. Our warm woollens and stout cottony are just the thing for, the northern districts. We trust our manufacturers are awake . tp-this new market,' and will not allow I 'themselves to be beaten, as they were in China, by the Amer icans and Russians; even in our staple-manu factures.—Liverpool Courier. Power of Music. Squire G. tells the following good Hobsier yarn, demonstrative of the power of music over the human mind: Some years ago, a toll, guant, knock-kneed, red-headed, cross-eyed, lummux of a lloosier, who was a hunter of the classical Wabash, conceived the idea of making a visit to the house of his progenitors in old Kentuck. He did so-ranted round amongst the girls some, and was of course, from his na tive impudence and unearthly ugliness, the < ‘ observed of all observers. ” One morning the whole neighborhood was astonished with the news that the Hoosier had eloped with Mrs. 8., an amiable and good looking woman, wife of Mr. B. For two long years the disconsolate husband mourned over his untoward bereave ment; at the end of that period, however, to Ins utter astonishment, one day, in popped Mrs. 8.. looking as bright and rosy as ever. — After the first joyful greeting was over, the in jured B. thus addressed bis truant spouse:— “ Nancy, how. could you take up with that on airlhly u"ly lloosier, and leave mo and the children all forlorn, as you did?” “Well, Josh;” said Nancy, •• that lhar tarnal ugly critter from Tndianny, was a little the hest whistler X ever hearn tell oh.; you know I was fond of whistlin; I used to think you could whistle some, but I never hcerd whistlin as is whistlin till I met that ar Wabash feller.. He Jest whistled my senses Clean away, and I fol lowed him on that account. A short time ago, however, lie caught the measles, and they spilt his wbistlm forever —the charm was broken, and so I concluded to come back to you ; but, 0 Josh ! that Hoosier was the awfullest whistler that ever puckered ["—Placerville Index. A Smart Woman. . Tho Chattanooga Advertiser relates the fal lowing : • A nice respected lady, not a thousand miles away, had long noticed, to her . dismay ,■ that her .“ worsen half’-.Was growing foolishly sus picious arid jealous of lter. She resolved to teach him a lesson. Some evenings since, as lie was leaving, she told him he need not hurry back : she would not be lonely: she wished her ducky ; to enjoy himself &c. Benedict smelt a veritable “ mice” under that hypocrisy, and re solved to be avenged.: About eight o’clock, an individual about his size-might have been seen cautiously creeping’along to the door- and bbis lessly. Benedict peeped in. Just as he expec ted, there they were—a pair of boots —a coat on the back of a chair and a hat on the, table.—. Benedict ■ shivered’ like an aspen deaf as he, stooped, pulled off his boots, and drew a pistol froth his coat pocket. 'With " rcsolotum flash ing from his eye,” he made tracks for the bed room. There he was, kncclingat the bed side, coat and vest off, and his head on the.pillow,— Miserable villain—his time had come,, “Say your prayers, villain, your time is short?”— and a flash and a report told that the bullet had •sped on its fatal’ missidh. “Help! murder! watch !—oh. is that you ?"’ and Madame popp ed her little head up from the foot of the bed. — Benedict seized the body, and it was—a,miscel lancons collection of old -coats, vests, pillows, handkerchiefs, and the like, made up for the occasion. “I say, dear, what does all this mean ?” exclaimed the husband, with a blank, sheepish look. “ Well, dear,” replied the wife, “I did get lonely, after all, and just, apiused myself by decssin’g up that puppet, and making believe you were.at home. I’m sure I, didn’t think you’d suspect-” “ There, there, said the chagrined husband, “ say no more about it: I thought it was a robber, dear creature, I’m so glad it didn’t-hit you.” Benedict re pealed “ Now 1 lay me,” &o.,ahd went to bed, vcsolved not to watch any more at present. Fight between Eleven Hundred Horses. Southey; in his History of the Peninsular War relates tho following: “Two of the Span, ish regiments which had been quartered in Fu nan wore cavalry, mounted on fine black long tailed Andulusipn horses. It was impossible to bring oflF those horses —about 1100 in number — and Romano was not tho man who could order them, to bo destroyed; ho was fond of horses himself, and know that every man was attached to bis beast, which had carried him so far and so faithfully.. Their bridles wore therefore ta ken off, and they were turned loose upon the beach. A scene ensued such aS was never be fore witnessed. They became sensible thatthey. were no longer under any human power. A general conflict ensued, in which, retaining the discipline they had learned, they charged each other in squadrons of ton or twelve toge ther, then closely engaged, striking with their forefeet, and biting and tearing each other with tho most ferooious rage, and trampling over those who were beaten down, till the shore in the course of an hour was strewn with the dead and disabled. Part of them had been set free on rising ground at a distance.. They no soon er heard tho roar of tho battle, than they came thundering down over the intermediate hedges, and catching the contagious madness, plunged Into the fight with equal iury. Sublime as the scene was it was too horrible to be long contem plated, and Romano, in mercy, gave orders to destroy them. But it was found too dangerous to attempt this, and after the last boat had quit the beach, tho few horses that remained, were still engaged in the work of mutual destruction. Sidney Smith on Enjoyment. —The great Wit and reviewer never penned wiser and truer words than these: “ Mankind are always happier for having been happy ; so that if you make them happy now, you make them happy twenty years hence by the memory of it. A childhood passed with a due mixture of rational indulgence, un der fond and wise parents, diffuses over the whole of life a feeling of calm pleasure, and in extreme old age, it is the very last remembrance which lime can erase from tho mind of man.— No enjoyment, however inconsiderable, is con fined to the present moment. A man is tho happier for life from having once made an agreeable tour, or lived for any length of time with pleasant people, or enjoyed any considera ble interval of innocent pleasure; which con tributes to render old men so inattentive to the scenes before them, and carries them back to a world that is past and- to scenes never to be re newed again. 03-To bo proud of one’s learning is the groat* est ignorance- 03- Discretion in speech is more than elo quence. , ’ B 3 Some writer says marriage is like eating an onion—you shed tears and eat again. 03" W o know a man so habitually sleepy that his curiosity cannot be wakened. 03” “The only victory that costs no tears,” said Napoleon, “is that over ignorance. Cashmere Shawls and their Value, The Cashmere goat has boon introduced into France, Ragland, South Carolina and Tonnes, see. Tho value of a flock may be estimated from the tact that no real Thibet goat has ever been sold for loss than a thousand dollars. This enormous price, moreover, is not a speculative one, for no fleeced animal has wool of such One ness, softness, and durability. Tho wool of all the Thibet goats in Tennessee, for example, has been engaged at Now York this year, at eight dollars and a half per pound, the purchasers de signing to send it to Paisley, in Scotland, in or der to be manufactured into shawls. The prices paid for real Cashmere sbawls, of those woven in India, have sometimes been al most fabulous. A full sized shawl, such as is called in America a long shawl, ordinarily com. mands in Paris or London,from five hundred.to five thousand dollars, according to quality.—■ Scarfs and square shawls, being smaller, sell for less. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that all these shawls are manufactured in India, in tho shape in which they are sold hero. Gene rally, indeed, the centres and borders come out separately, and are put together afterwards in sizes, and often paterns, to suit customers, — Moreover, a large portion of the! shawls sold as real India Ones, are actually made in France j for the Thibet goat was introduced into that country more than thirty years ago, and the Cashmere sbawls imitated with considerable skill. Judges of the article pretend to say, however, that tho real India shawl can bo de tected, by its having a leas evenly woven web, as also (rom its brighter colors. It is likewise said that the border of the genuine Cashmere shawl is invariably woven In small pieces, which are afterwards sewed together, as the whole border is substantially sewed on to the centre. But other authorities deny that the skill of In. dia is sufficient to broche a shawl; in other words, to weave tho border and centre in one piece, or run tho pattern of the former over tho latter. The persons who, in Our own country at tho present day, purchase worsted or woolen goods under the denomination of Cashmeres, are or ought to bo aware .that such goods are Cashmo tian only in name. A real Cashmere shawl, made by tho inhabitants of that Indian valley from tho wool of a peculiar variety of goat rear ed on the plains of Thibet, is a most>costiy.ar ticlo, eagerly sought after by the rejahs and sul tans ot the East, but finding its way to Europe very rarely indeed. To make a pair ol largo and handsome Cashmere shawls requires the la bor of twelve of fourteen men for a half a year. Tho late Runjet Singh, the chief of Lahore, gave five thousand rupees for a pair of those woollen shawls, the patterns of which represen. ted his victories. The animals from which the material is obtained are covered by nature with two kinds of poat for clothing, the one fine, curly, generally gi-oy, and imparting to the skin a down more or less thick, .as if to guard it against cold and damp, the other coarse, lank, and giving a general color to the animal ; and finer coating wiiibli is used for the fine shawls, the quantity produced is limited, and therefore ihigh priced. : - The Camels—Their Strength. Wo visited Pearson’s .wharf on Tuesday, to witness d-feat of strength performed by oue of Mrs- Watson's camels,- of which there.were near s dozen on thbiwfaarf,bf all'azcs and ages. The camel loaded was one of the largest. Open’' the word of command being given,, the camel, lay down, ready to .receive his load, which con sisted of five bales of hay. weighing in the ag gregate of over 1400 pounds, which was firmly bound to the pannier placed upon the animal’s lump. Upon-lhe utterance of. command by the native keeper, the huge animal rose, without an apparent extra effort, to bis feet, and walked off in a stately manner along the wharf , and through the city. We were informed that the same camel had had sixteen, hundred pounds placed on him, with which enormous weight he easily rose. The animals are all exceedingly tractable, and seem to possess much affection for any one who treats them kindly; ns an example of which Mrs. W. informed us that one of them —a pretty white one, which she had pelted— would always kiss her, when, she went within Jkissing distance, which tact wc really thought proved the animal to possess an cxcfllent taste, as well as an affectionate disposition; In their native country the average load for a full grown camel is some 800 lbs., with which they per. form long journeys over deserts, with but little food or water. We doubt not that, with the abundant forage found in all parts *of Texas, and a full supply of water generally, the camel will improve in strength and general appear ance, and be able to transport larger loads, at a more rapid pace, than in his native rountry. Galveston News , 30 th idt. Lynch Law in Minnesota. On tho 27th ult, a mob in Le Suer co.,Minn., proceeded to the jail and took therefrom a pri soner named Reinhart, charged with iho murder of another named Bodell. A letter says : “The poor wretch, inspired with the strength of a desperate man, tore his right hand free through a heavy gyve of iron, and seizing the leg of a cast iron stove, stood at bay, with his face towards the door. Being a tall, muscular man, the lynchers, for a time, dared not enter. After n short consultation, they, tore down the gable end of the log jail, and seized him in the rear, Finding that all hopes of escape were then in vain, Reinhart lost all heart, and fell upon the floor in a fit. Taking the senseless body in a sleifeb, the party proceeded out of the village a mile and a half, and attaching a rope to his neck, threw it over a tree, and haul ed him up. The noose was not tight, and while the lynchers were lowering the body to adjust it more securely. Reinhart came to {lis senses, sprang to his feet, and earnestly assert ed his innocence of the murder of Bodell. Seeing that their ears were closed against his entreaties, he changed his tone, and declared his readiness to die. At his request a bystan der was called to pray, and after a short prayer the murderer was again hauled up, and sus pended until life was extinct.” Virtues of Crinoline.— The Philadelphia Bulletin points oat the following advantages re suiting from the use of crinoline; —“ It frees women from a needless weight of skirts, strengthens the system by exposure to cold, and aids manufactures; stimulates the whale fishery, improves figures, displays ankles to a delirious extent, and gives editors subjects for articles. All things considered, wo see no great reason to grieve over the institution. It is not every fashion which develops so much or such varied industry as crinoline.” 027* There is no sight more repulsive than an habitual loafer, forever hanging around drink ing saloons, and wearing away the golden hours of life in meaningless phantasy, without a thought for anything except the gratification of a beastly appetite. It is strange that men will thus sacrifice home, reputation, friends and all, for that which stupifles them and makes life only a dark and hideous dream. (£7= Wisdom allows nothing to be good that will not bo so forever; no man to bo happy but he that needs no other happiness than what he has within himself: no man to ho great or pow erful, that is not master of himself. ’jy Eat not too fast nor too slow.' “OUB OOUNtAT—MAT IT ALWAYS DB EIGHT —BUT BIGHT OB WRONG, DOB OOUNTHT.” CARLISLE, PA., TfiMSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1859. Tho editor of the Uticfc; Herald, now in Hci dleberg, in a letter to his ; -sfP ei y says of two of the most eminent profcsSerS in Germany : “Professor Plitt. Who'lS lecturing on the Gospel, commences by takiftg his snuff-box out of his pocket, opening if.pljicing it on the desk directly before him, cramming both nostrils full with the nanseating stutt, taking a second pinch between his thumb and fore-Unger, and then brawling out “ Meirie Hefren." As he warms with his subjeot, thf-thumb and finger make a scries of dives into: the snuff-box, and up to his nose, until the deoturer becomes en veloped in a cloud of dust;*', Bunsen, the distin guished chemist comes into, the lecture room with a stump of cigar in-‘his mouth, which he jerks out as lio couitncnccs to ‘ sp&ak, and puls if back again the moment, Ae has finished. — While he is speaking, he walks rapidly up and down the platform, like a Polar bear in a men agerie.’’ '■ An Immense land Case In Court. There is now before' the United States Su premo Court at Washington, » case in which the United States Government is prosecuting Captain John A. Butter,; of World wide distinc tion, to obtain posOessiofljjf an immense tract of country ..including bpthAne cities of Sacra mento,and Marysville,- rind being worth not less than thirty millions of. dollars! Sutterclaims thirty-lhrcfe,leagues of land lying upon the SacrameritoJ Feather and American Rivera, un der two grants—oho of eleven leagues, made by Governor B. Alvardo in-4841, and the other of twenty-two leagues, made by Governor Mich ellorcna in 1845. The United States deny the genuineness and validity of each of these grants upon many grounds, and further contend that if the grants are genuine arid valid, they em-' brace within their limits theland lying south of the Three Peaks and between the Sacramento and. Feather Rivets and'no.land to the south or east of the Fealher rjvcr. Two sets of counsel appear for Sutter,■bdih aoiUig under powers of attorney, and'these counsel'endeavor to locate that land in different manners—John J. Crit tenden and E, J, Walter endeavor to locate it so that it shall extend to tho South of American river, and include the whole city of Saorairien to. Benj. F. Butler arid N. S. J. Green, of Massachusetts, who also appear for Sutter, en deavor to.locate ,tho land - , north and west of Feather river, and claim that that was tho ori ginaf intent of Sutter masking for, and of the. Governor in making the grant, and that such a location would also be for the best interests of Sutter. . . . , “ Mother, wother, pleaded a little cherub boy, w«ti bU ; c eyes, anxiously search ing his niPther> unusually serious, lace, as she tenderly laid him upon his soft, (yarm bed, arid lovingly folded the sripWS, drapery about him. Bo kiss me, molhpr if-v. And the rosy lips began to tremble,* the tear : drdps to gather in the pleading, ‘upluyriedi«ycs,ind the Utile bo som heaves witK'atrpg^ : s%ji!iat,ion. , 4v.- t ,l v‘‘ My little son has <jfeen ; foi'rigbty to day, 'replies 1 " the mother, sadly i -t- how can I kiss those 1 lips.", that- nave ,spoken such, angry words?” • ■ . Too much,.: too,-orac!il;;-Buti(fuI mother, re lent! The little heart'is-'sweliing, breaking witlr grief: tumultous sobs break from the ag itated bosom ; the snow white pillow is drench ed with penitent tears, and the little dimpled hand is extended so imploringly. Relent ! ’Tis enough ! Once more the little head is pillowed upon the maternal bosom—once more the little cherub form is pressed to that moth er’s aching heart, and the good night kiss of forgiveness and love is given two fold tenderer. A few moments and the sobbings cease, tho golden head droops, tho weary eyelids close, and the little erring ono is laid back upon his couch, penitent arid humbled by one kiss from mamma. . . What’s in a kiss—a simple kiss? Much, very much!- More potent than the sceptre— dearer to affection than countless wealth— Who has not felt its magic influence? ’Tis the lover’s tenderqiledge of undying constancy ; ’tis a bond of friendship and fidelity, and not "only is it dear to the youthful and ardent, but also to old age, to the withered heart and bldomless cheek. . lumas Verdict. —In .the good old colony times the red men seerri to be In tho habit ol administering “ crowner’s quest law” among themselves, and occasionally cajno to the most edifying results. On a certain occasion ono'ol their number was found frozen to death near a tavern, where ho had been exceedingly intoxi cated during the night. His tribe having taken, possession of the body, summoned a conclave of medicine to ascertain the cause of his disease. The white spectators, impressed with tho solem nity of tho proceedings, and expected some warning, against the vice of drunkenness, were considerably astonished by, the rendition of tho following verdict: <*That tho deceased came to hisdoatbin con sequence of the freezing in his body of-water which ho had been induced to mingle with the rum he drank. C?” A minister in Cincinnati, in commenting upon tho glory of heaven, recently assured his congregation that one of the “chief pleasures of the blessed” would consist in tho knowledge that the damned were suffering tho most horrible tortures in the fiery lake; that the “pure spirits would look down from the white porticos of God’s palace, and receive now. joy. from the contemplation-of burning souls agonizing in tho sea of flame, to which an angry and outraged deity had mercifully consigned them.” Not more than half a dozen ministers enter taining such amiable ideas of Heaven’s mercy, would be required to drive a city of believers into the ranks. . Sinoino Shells.— Mr. Taylor, a tourist, when at Bathculoa, in Ceylon, on going at night on a iako'near tho fort, was struck by a lend musical noise proceeding from tho bottom of the water. It was caused by multitudes of some animals in habiting ahclls-at least the natives call them ••singing shells.” The sounds are like those of an nccordeon, oraiolian harp, &c., vibrating notes, and pitched in different keys. A snail, abundant in Corfti, if iritated by a touch with a piece of' straw, ■ will omit a distinctly audible sound in a querulous tone, and which it, fre queutiy repeats if touched.— Sharp’s Magazine. [ty* Marriage, says an enthusiastic votary of Hymen, is a state of which it is unnecessary to describe the happiness, for two reasons first, because it would be superfluous to those who are in the enjoyment of its blessings; and secondly, ■ because it would bo impossible to those who are not. (£7" Pleasure is a rose,/near which there grows othorn of evil. It is wisdom’s work so carefully to cull the rose, as to avoid the thorn, and let its rich perfume exhale the heaven, in grateful adoration'of Him who gave the rose to blow. An exchange tells us of an editor who wont soldiering and was chosen captain. One day at parade, instead, of giving the orders, « Front face, three paces forward,” he exclaim ed, “Cash'two dollars a year, in advance.” German Professors. What's in n Kiss J I a . g >A .4 Postmaster General’s Report. Post Office Department, Jan. 13, 1839, Sia:—l have the honor to acknowledge tho receipt of tho following resolution, adopted by the Senate on tho 22d December last; "Resolved, That tho Postmaster General bo diroeted to report to the Senate such changes in the laws regulating postages and the Post Office Department as, in his opinion, could make that a self-sustaining department.” In responding to this resolution I hope it will not be deemed amiss to submit to tho Senate a few preliminary observations. When I took charge of the department in March, 1857, ho expectation appeared to bo en tertained'in any quarter that, under tho then existing legislation of Congress, tho Post Office Department was to bo made a self-sustaining one. From March to tho 30th Juno, 1857, the de partment was almost entirely engaged in wind ing up, and finishing tho business of the then current year, under contracts and engagements over which the now head of tho department had no control, and was subject to uorespqnsihili-- fy- On closing up tho business of that fiscal year —1856 ’7—it was ascertained that tho expendi ture, exceeded the revenue by tho sum ot s■!,- 153,718 40, lu the preceding year—lBso—it had exceed-, ed it by $3,487,046 52 j and tho annual reports of my predecessors exhibit the fact that there was a largo deficit for many preceding.years. My predecessor in all his annual reports never failed to notify Congress of such, excess of ex penditure over revenue, and to point oht tho causes—chiefly tho low rates of postage-and tho banking privilege—which were lorcing this re sult on tho department. .. In his report ot December 1, 1850, ho says “ tho reduced rates of postage having largely reduced the revenue, it Ims not boon possible to confine the expenditures of tho department within its income, and tho I’oslmaster General has been compelled to apply to Oougrcss annu ally to appropriate the deficiency from tho gene ral treasury.” Ho further adds that “the laws should ho so framed as to produce a sufficient amount of ro. venue to defray all proper expenditures.” “If my views regarding tho abolition oi the (rank ing privilege—a measure which would greatly reduce tho expenses of the department—bo not adopted by Congress, I would recommend tho passage of a law enabling the department to charge the ordinary rates of postage on letters and printed matter which now puss free through the mails,” “If, in addition to thjsr-the clause in the net ot the 80th of Augii3t,'Ws2, allowing a deduction of titty per cent, on newspapers and periodicals, when paid quarterly or yearly in advance, be abolished, as recommended in my last two:annual reports, arid the department be relieved from tho expense of ocean mail steam ships arid Isthmus service; it would, with a pro per, economy, soon sustain itself.” Notwithstanding these repeated appeals, Con gress made v iio successful efforts to rais.o tho poatagoSj-.ridßo to repeal the clause In relation to tho postage on newspapers aiafl periodicals, or in any manner to repeal dr restrict the franlr ing privilege. In this apparent willingness ; on tho part of Congress that the treasury should continue to supply the iiisuffloicncy of tho revenues, I en ' tered. on Hie administration of the department i : with an actual dofidiericyriri; llus revenue of ; the. year ending Juuo 80,i807, of $4,1.58,718 40, tin. annual -.deficit having' h.dori gradually and uni-‘ /onn/y accumulating under the pressure upon the department for increased mail facilities, with the knowledge and apparent-acquiescence of Congress, over since tho various reductions of the postages. In the first year—lBs7-’B—of my administra tion ot the department this excess of expendi ture over the revenue lias increased to $5,234, 843,70, being an increase of $1,081,125 80. From this sum is to bo deducted tho amount of $109,072 95, allowed to GeorgeChorpenning 1 under an act of Congress, and the further sum 1 of $74,598 46, remitted to tile contractors be tweeh Cairo and Now Orleans by act ol .March 3d, 1857—see pages 24 and 25 of annual report of 1857—leavingtOnly an increase iu the detlci enoy of $897,453 89 lor that year.' ■ The cause of this excess is fully explained in my last annual report, and in a communication to the chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, House of Representatives, dated March 24,1858, Mis. Doc, No. 108. Tho increase of the revenue during the year was remarkably small, amounting to only $132,. 841 10, and being $800,280 less than tho in crease of tho previous fiscal year, occasioned, doubtless, by tho general financial embarrass ment of the commercial community. The estimates of receipts and expenditures for the present fiscal year ending Jnuo 80,1859, were submitted to Congress in my letter of March 24, 1858, Ex. Doc. No. 90, in which the additional cost of transportation under the new contracts to ho let in the ensuing month, and go into operation on the Ist of J uly, 1858, was es timated at $h000,000; and of now post routes established by the act ol Marcli 3, 1857, to he put in operation on tho Ist of July and Ist ol October, 1868, at $527,820; making an increase in the probable expenditures oi the year 1859 of $1,527,820 from those two sources alone, and rendering it probable that, unless the corres pondence of the country is stimulated by the partial recovery from tho financial embarrass ment of tho past year, the deficiency in postal receipts will amount to $6,290,440, after de ducting the sum of $700,000 annually paid to tho department under tho provisions of the acts approved March 8, 1847, and March 3,1851, for the mail service performed' for the two houses of Congress and tho other departments and officers of the government in the transportation of free matter.” , ' o Upon opening tho bids referred to for mail service in the twenty-one great States and Ter ritories lying in tho valley of the Mississippi, and extending over the entije Northwest, West, and Southwest portions of our continent, it was found that contracts could not bo made for a sum less than the estimated cost; and whendno regard is given to the fact that four years had elapsed since the previous mail-lettings, and during that period tho great wave of emigration had rolled westward, and towns and cities had sprung into being, with magic-like rapidity, out of scattered hamlets and sparsely populated neighborhoods, demanding largely increased mail facilities, such a result is not surprising. The cause of tho excess of expenditure over receipts, for tho current year, is fully ex plained in my annual report at the present ses sion, particularly in a document (marked 11) prepared with great care and fullness. This document states all tho important im provomonts made in each State, and will enable each member of Congress to see tho increased service in his own congressional district. In no remembered instance Jiav service been put on until Congress had established tho line as a postoroad, and tho same had boon regularly advertised according to law. Tho contracts have boon made on tho best terms with the lowest bidder. In no case’ has the existing service been rais ed to a higher grade, or more frequent mails been granted, than the increased growth and business of the cities and settlements through which they passed seemed fairly entitled to. If, however, the solicitude of petitioners, or the earnest recommendations of members of Congress, who have generally manifested a praiseworthy zeal to extend increased postal fa cilities to their constituents, shall, in any in stance, have induced the department to put in operation service which was not needed, or to have given it a frequency or grade not required AT 82,00 PER ANNUM. by the reasonable wants of the country, it will be quite easy for the department to correct tho error by the discontinuance of the service. This document, exhibiting, as it does, al most a perfect map of'the recent changes and improvements of the service, is hoped and be licvcd, will be of great utility in enabling Con gress to determine whether the postal facilities thus far extended Can be profitably diminished m the several States. It is evident enough that by diminution of the service the self-sustonlation of the depart ment can be unquestionably secured; but it is worthy ot much consideration whether that would not leave the mere skeleton of a postal service, commensurate with neither the busi ness nor the social wants of the country. In my report of the present session T have stated •• that it would be obviously erroneous to suppose that this charge on the treasury is to progress in the ratio propolionate to what it has been for the last-few’years. Our postal system is now extended over the whole coun try, from one ocean to the other. There can be but little further expense resulting from over land connection with Californio and the other Pacific States and Territories. Except one oth er route, commonly called tho northern route, from St. Paul, hi" Minnesota, to Seattle, in Washington Territory, no other is now thought of ns being likely to become necessary. Until now it could never have been Said that our inland, postal system was full-orbed and complete. For years our people have been go ing out from the Atlantic Slates, following the setting sun. AVc have sent our postal system, with all its lights and blessings, after them in to the distant; wilderness, With tho rates ol postage for a long time established, we wereen abled to sustain the expense; but, when the wave of population was still rolling on further and further, we suddenly reduced the postages, whilst the necessity for them every day became more urgent and even imperious. Still, we sought them out even with the railroad, the stage, and the horse mail, until expenditure or cost of transportation began to exceed the in come derived. Look lo California for an illustration. A , scattered population planted on the shores of ( the Pacific demanded, and justly claimed, pos- ( tal connection with their fatherland, and receiv ed it by the'Panama route, at a cost of 5750,- 000 per annum, which scarcely gave back to the department any portion of that amount in the shape of postages, Congress having, by an act of July 27, 1854, provided for the payment of the extraordinary expenses of California post offices out of the postage collected. Since then the Tehuantepec passage has been established, with scarcely an equal chance for some years to make any material returns to the depart ment; The great overland routes do not stand solely, of even mainly, on their opening addi tional communications with California, Oregon, and Washington. They are intended to spread out our.ponultttion, to find for the hardy pio ,neers new homes for their offspring, lo develop the agricultural and mineral resources of our country ; in fact, to discover new Californios .be tween the valley of the Mississippi and that one which now reposes on the shores of the Pacific. Out wonecd hot go to.Califof majordllustra ; tidhs to prove that it will not do to strike down . all postal service that will not pay. I again refer you to Miscellaneous Document, No.loB, of last session,'and also to a statement appen ded to this report as containing much useful information on this subject, ft shows the gross revenues from postages, and the sale of stamps in each State; the compensation of post masters and the incidental expenses of their of- ; iiccs; the net revenue ; the cost of transporta tion, and the-surplus or deficit in each State, afer paying the cost of transportation., It ex- j fatbits the remarkable fact that.if the various ] sums paid directly by the department for blanks, wrapping paper, postage stamps, and stamped envelopes, advertising, mail bags, £c.. l.werc divided pro rota to each Stale, and the amount of foreign postage collected at Boston and New York; and returned to the several; governments for whom it E was collected under t postal treaties, be taken out, not one State pays 1 the expense of its mail supplies. 1 . Willi these facts before mo in making out 1 my last annual report, I deemed the occasion a proper one,.now that we had readied nearly the maximum cost of furnishing mail facilities to our whole country, to suggest certain Pleas ures to the consideration of Congress, by which the. revenues and expenditures, if they could not be brought to an entire and perfect equali ty, might nevertheless approximate it so nearly as to reconcile the public mind Ip the discrep ancy. The first of these was that Congress should more emphatically declare that, hereafter, the Postmaster Genera 1 , in advertising and accep ting bids for mail service, shall have no refer ence to the conveyance of passengers or freight of any kind other than regular mail matter.—' This is probably the meaning of the present law, but no Postmaster General; since its en actment,' has been able to resist the opposite construction. Nothing but express words of prohibition would be likely to succeed. The opinion was advanced that this change in the law would probably effect a saving of $1,000,- 000. It may be less or more, as lire book and heavy document business may increase or di riiinish in Congress and the various depart ments. It could not be,effected at once, be cause it could not, in justice and fairness to the present contractors, be carried out until .their'contracts for a higher grade of service had expired. If it were' effected at once, by allow ing one month's extra pay, if is more than probable.thc parties would fce-iege Congress for relief from losses bn stock, stages, Ac., render ed unnecessary by the change. The next suggestion was, ‘ that if Congress desired to relieve the treasury from the requisi tions upon it by his department.” they might take the bill (S. 337) introduced at the bust session by a distinguished member of the Sen ate, and make it the basis of a ‘great and deci ded improvement in the revenues of the depart ment. That bill proposes no mutilation or diminution of the present service, but is based on the distinct idea that, whilst the people de sire and are entitled to large and liberal postal accommodations, they are both willing and able to pay a fair price for them—just what it ■costs to furnish them—no more, no less. To arrive at this true and just standard' required many experiments. Accordingly, many dtfler ent rates of postage have been tried and their actual results carefully noted in all the reports of the department. These reports show that under the rales of postage on.lettcrsand printed matter fixed by the law of 1845, (Stalulcs-at- Large; vol. 5, p. 732.) the revenues and expen ditures were about equal—a small surplus as often as a small deficit. Since the passage of the law of 1851, (Statutes, vol. 9, p. 587.) fix ing the present rate of three cents, the ex cess of expenditure tiver the revenue has been regularly and largely increasing. These facts obviously suggest that if Congress is determin ' ed to mako the department a self-sustaining f one, the surest means of doing so would be to i go back to the rates of 1845. In doing this they would have the knowledge and actual ex . perienceofthepast; any other rates could on i (y furnish conjectures of the future- The bill i under consideration (St 3»>/) fixes iliQ rate of I five cents for any distance under 3,000 miles, ami ten ccntsibr over that ciislnncc. This can differ very, little from a Uniform ratoof flVa' cents for all distances. ag. there are very fefr- Ictters sent inland brpr three, thousand miles. The estimates made by the. piost experienced officers of the department, are (hat the provia, ions of the bill would raise the. revenue from postages about S3,£oo,odo.tet/Aout taking'iii to vide the 4th section in relation to the trans mission of public documents. What the-pro* visions of that section Would effect it is dff*'. hcultto anttcipato. The government now ah-.- propriates 5700.000 annually as compensation ■ for free matter transported and delivered for Congress and the ■ -Executive departments, un* • der ibe'supposilim that the postage on tho mat ter conveyed would'come to that amount. It is believed in aho department, however, that the, postage Would cqme to . more than twice that amount —say §l,4oo,ooo—for CongreSaionbl. books and documents alone, without taking in*, to view tile immense correspondence of the ek ccutivc departments, and the vast mass of re turns, accounts, packages, and parcels reccived and sent from the General , Land Office, the Pension Office, tho Patent Office, ;&c. It is clearly right, if the Post Office is considered os having been established simply for tho conve nience of individual citizens In transmitting correspondence from place, for Which they a'fp to pay the full amount of the dbst,.that the. government, whenever it wants its correspon dence, books, documents, ‘£c.. transmitted, should. like all others, come forward and pay not half, but the full amount for tho services rendered. But if, on the other hand, the Pofet Office is to be regarded as a great, government institution, established not by law .merely, but, by the constitution itself, in order that it might have a regular and perpetual channel through which to transmit its ciders add .instruction!).' to all its agents.'civil and military; and receives prompt and reliable information from ail parts, of the republic in return, then the interest ,<ff individuals becomes not only subordinate, but almost lost in the dignity and importance m the institution. Nor is its high nationality di minished when it is regarded as the great agenp of commerce, and the pioneer and patron of Christian civilization. 1 . Recurring, however, to the Senate’s bill; So, 337, of last session, we suppose it ip he reliable to say that under its provisions the revenue would bo increased some four or four and a-ha!t millions. If Congress were to incorporate in it the substitution ol postage stamps in lieu of tho franking privilege, as recommended in my annual report, it would-most probably add a . million more, if used by the members to lit* same extent its they now use their franks, I have no idea, however, that this would be the fact in relation to the use of the stamps. Mem bers would not have such largo accounts made against them, but would content iltcmselveS witii.sucli a reasonable number as would fairly protect them from loss by correspondence witli their constituents. Besides, the two houses’ would, at every session, look to their conlin-. gent fund, ami, in protecting it, would thereby protect the Post Office Department from.having to carry millions upon millions of letters and documents to all parts of the country for nA. compensation at all.' For these considerations, wo put down the benefit to he derived to tho revenue from the use of smmpsat only half a million instead of a million. NO. 33. The bill thus amended, the proviso- in tho Ist section in tho act of August 30,1852, (Slit vol. 9, p. 39,) allowing a discount for repaying printed matter, repealed, and the saving of a. million by a return from coach to star bids, would present a | r ibablo aggregate of 36,400,• 000 of increased revenve. I have thus presented, in tho language of tfai resolution',;. ,a such changes in the laws regula ting postages and the Post; Office Department as, in my opinion, could make the Post Office a self-sustaining Department.” My opinions arc that such legislation as I, faave above set forth will moke the in a short time a self-sustaining one in nil that relates to th'e regular and proper operations of it. ' ■ .There arc, however, two. descriptions of ser vice which it is very probable the above altera tion would hardly provide for. These are tho, ocean steam service, and :iho great-overland; rou tea lo California. Tbeie were.all established by law, and the duty of putting them in opera tion was thrown upon the department without making any special provision for their pay ment, It is hotoripus. that they were not csta-. Wished by Congress, nor put in operation un der the law by tho department under necessity that existed for them as mere postal lines. They were called into, existence by rea-. sons of State and from overruling motives of national policy. I need not enlarge on this point. Congress established . them as post routes; the department advertised them and put-lhem into operation according to law. and the whole nation has responded with joy at their success. The ocean stpam lines as at present arranged' cost; annually, after deducting the postages received on them, $370,580. The overland routes, when the Salt Lake route is placed on its proper schedule of time, will cost about $1.500,000, making together the sura of $l,- 870,589 ; for which, on the basis above point ed out, there would probably not bo sufficient post office revenues proper to pay. If Congress is hot willing that these two items of ocean steam service and the overland routes to Cali fornia should he chargeable on the treasury, I know of no certain means by which they can be sustained, but logo back to the rates fixed in the act of.Murch 3, 1845, (Statute, vol. 5. p. 732,) and adopting the other suggestions in re gard to star bids, the substitution of postage stamps for the franking privilege. &c., which I ■ have herein before respectfully submitted. As the resolution called for no expression qf opinion from the department whether it ought to be made self-sustaining or not, I have not thought it proper to say anything on the sub ject. but to confine myself as much as possible to the precise call of -the rcsoUilion. • All of which is most respectfully submitted,. AARON V. BROWN, • Postmaster General. : To the Hon. J. O. BnECKESiiiDGB. President of the Senate of the U. S- Tnu Tahipp. —Tire Democratic delegation iti Congress from this State met a few cveniugd since, to consider the tariff question. Their ob ject in meeting was to secure unity ol action upon litis subject, and. if possible, carry out the policy'of the President's ?lessage.. in regard to specific duties. Senator Bigler presided. Af ter an interchange of views they .appointed a' committee, composed .of Messrs. Jones,'Roily, Dewart and Montgomery—to attend to the bu siness and call the delegation together when nec essary. The delegation will be. a unit on the question of the larill', and will exercise great in fluence over oilier sections of the country. .Signs op a Mild Wifirun.—The Western papers say that the muskrats have built, their winter houses “high up and, thin,” as if con templating a mild time coming. Qy The late railroad accident in Georgia caused the death of ten persons. The oars fell a distance of thirty feet, and were entirely de molished, emptying the passengers id to the stream. New York ,is certainly a [Treat city.— They have now “Dog Boarding Houses, "and one is advertised at the corner of Broadway and Forty-fifth streets. The keeper will fur SI per week .Jboard dogs, and tram for SI 50i [y7" Those pooplo who turn up their noses at the world might do well to, reflect that U fa as Rood a world as they over were in, and without an immediate reform, it is a much bo tor ono than they are likely over to got into again. gp- a rascally bachelor says, “The tVlond ship of two woman is always a plot against a third.” ,' " qy « Life is Short,’’. and that' portion of it which ono human being devoted tb injure ano ther, will pay but a poor dividend. O'/” Tho current coin of life is plain sound sense. Wo derive a more substantial and thriv ing trade with that than with aught else.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers