S - AMERICAN VOLUNTEER. PUBLISHED EVEttY THURSDAY 'llOlllllllO AS John B. Biattou. tSbms. • SoDsoniPTioH.— Ono,Dollar and Fifty Cents, baid in advance i Two Dollars it paid within the years and Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not paid within the year. Those terms will bo rig idly adhered to in every instance. No sub scription discontinued until all arrearages atO' paid unless at the option of the .Editor., , ■ AdvertisementsI—Accompanied 1 —Accompanied by the cash, ttnd not exceeding one square, will,bo inserted khree timos for Onc Dollar, and twenty-five cents kor each additional insertion. Those of a great er length in proportion. Joh-PiiiNTiNrf— Such as Hand-bills, Posting bills, Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, &0., &0., exe cuted with accuracy and at the shortest notice. , WRITTEN AT MY MOTHER’S GRAVE. DY QEOROE D. PRENTICE. ' The trembling dew-drops fall tjpon the shutting flowers,' like souls at rest, < The stars shine gloriously: and all. V Save me are blest. Mother, I love thy.gravo I . 1 / _ 'The violet, with its blossoms blueatfa iriild. Wave o’er thy head : when will it wave Above thy child ? , ’Tis a sweet flower, yet nnist Its bright leaves to the morning tempest bow; Deal toother,’tis thine emblem; dust Is on thy brow. , And I could lovo to die; To leave untested life’s dark bitter streams,. By thee, as erst in childhood lie, And share thy dreams. ' And I must linger here, „ To stain the plumage of riiy sinless yaars, And mourn the hopes to childhood dear, . With bitter tears. Avo, I must linger here, A lonely branch upon a withered tree, Whose lust frail loaf, untimely sore, Went down with thee 1 Oft from life’s withered bower, lii still communion with.the past, I turn, And muse'on thee, the only flower In memory’s urn. And when the evening pale, Bows, like a mourner, on the dim, blue wave/ ' I stray to bear the night winds wail Around thy grave. ■ Where is thy spirit flown ? I gaze above—tby look is imaged there! I listen,'and thy gentle tone Is oh the air. ' . . , . Oh; cotrio, while here I press My brow upon thy.grave: and, in those mild. And thrilling tones of tenderness, . Bless, bless thy child.^. Yes, bless your weeping child: Arid oe’tthine urn,,religion’s holiest shrine, ■Oh, give’his spirit, utdefiled, v .' To, blend with thine. ‘j SWEET SIXTEEN.” ■Let others toll’of garlands bright, Wove beneath Italia’s sun; Of peerless beauties—eyes of light— . Fairy forms—Love’s victory Won ; Tet dearer far to me the brow, . When first wo met upon the green, And owned the spell, the magic powot: . Thai thrills the soul at “ sweet sixteen I” fLet others seek the great—the good, i’ And homage ihconse-like arise; But as lor me, prefer T should, i , v ; One glance from out those love-lit eyes, ffli. And tlio’.tby cm-13 may turn to gray, & ’ And-those bright orbs may dftn and ween, -M- Jiydove Will bo as warm lor “ aye,” K As whebwe met at << sweet'sixteen!” ■ 3sMelianmTo. The Evil of a Bad Tempee.— -A bad temper 1> is a curse to the possessor; and its influence is •■ , most deadly .wherever it is found. It is allied to martyrdom to be obliged to live with one of fs a complaining temper. To hear one eternal b' round of complaint and murmuring, to have overy pleasant thought scared away by,the evil % spirit, is a f»re trial. It is like the sting of a. ¥ scorpion,—a perpetual nettle, destroying your b peace, and rendering life a burden. Its innu- S once is deadly! Bnd the purest and sweetest at ' mosphere is contaminated into a deadly miasma, ! wherever f hiff evil'genius prevails. It has been said truly, that while wo had thought not to lot the bad temper of others influence us, it would bo ns unreasonable to spread a.blister upon the_ . • skin, and not expect it to draw, as to think of » a family not suffering, because of the bad tem § per of any of its inmates. One string out of tune well destroy the music of an instrument otherwise perfect! so if-all the members of a II church, neighborhood; and family, do net oultl, H viito a kindand affectionate temper, there will P; bo discord and very evil work. H Aw Old-Fashioned Motiieh. —Ah, how much ft meaning is contained in that simple’expression, m' the Old-fashioned mother,? Itcarrios ourthoughts S back to those women whose homo influence w.is •bib pure and elevating! who taught their daughters gp-to render themselves blessings, to society by 1/ their goodness, their diligence and their- useful ; knowledge., We think of the, lofty heroism, the brave endurance, the thousand virtues they in ? culcato, and. sigh -at the contrast between the s past and the present. How few modern moth. C- brs understand or perform their duty in training fl their children. ' A-spattering of-this, that and the other, is Considered quite ah education, and show off lo advantage is made the groat aim YYbl'lifo. No wonder there are so many desolate ’ ’iflbesides; so many unhappy wives, so many. YY-'j.jflHnking, gambling husbands, eivl-Ji.,, ; : — 1 —i —~~ &Wjj,YThe Atlanta (Ga.,) Intelligencer chroni- the atiiyal in.that cjty. of a gentleman from lill-Carrpl county, lb the interior, named Mr. Hodg- Kabum, a gentleman who is 40 years pf and had never, until that time, scen e town, rairropct i>i a, steam engine., Ho was never 20 il&Smilea frpn\ liotuo, before in his lifej and hnd i|Brsievor sponCbattauobcliee tivefj Ipifii hecfoased bVTiis way to that place. Was 87 years old viVribofore ho was married/Avlietv he was united to . , '/fc'charrriing ydunglady. of 'l5. summers. Has u- it»oeu a Baptist .prfeabfier, ii school-teacher, arid va country merchant. 'He Is'still■ n resldbrit of t’ - Can’ll,” tho land of chivalry and song. fry Tho latest novelty ftom ; Germany is a bed; which: receives-the weary body, immediately'“laps it.into Elysimh.’f -It la of a mechanic' in Bohemia, and is constructed that by means of hidden mechan feif '&r.v a pressure upon the bed causes a soft and iSv 'Knila air of Aubor to he played,, which: cpn- KW- flnues to lull the most wakeful to sloop. At the P'rbhad lea clock, tho hand of which being placed r if the hour the. sleeper wishes to rise, when the arrives, the bed plays amarch of Sponto '// ■'] *« with drums and cymbals, and, in short with : -;“-4oi5o enough to rouse the seven, sleepers. . (i-r.pgntKS if impatient Wclch ' called to hi; wife; ‘Come, ooine, isn’t ' &*feakfast ready ? ■ Tve,had nothing since yes '; -' and to-morrow will be the third day I’ t,Ms is equal to the call of. the stirring house -1 N %ifef who aroused hoi’ maid at four o’clock. d&thv‘Come, Bridget, got lip'J Here ’tiS'Mop.-', 5' - j*lflay ;morhing’; to morrow’s Tuesdayi and hexjf' “A .Wednesday—half the week gone—an /jLthing done yet! 1 . ■ Cinclnnatl:(Ohio).TiraoSi ;saya‘ tbat. iho coke ovens attached to the (dundries bf.fbirt ' City are choice spots, where river loafers, who y. j't '"spend all their money for whiskey, and beg or steal thoir food, resort to sleep,in the cold win. fry nights. These ovens stand' out from the lap foundry, are always hot, and, every cold night* hundreds ol these men sloop on thC ground, Sra* Close to the ovens.- JUumrau BY JOHN B. BRATTON. VOL. 45. A Patriotic Effort, “Fol-low Citizens—The blest of the Amcrl. can Eagle, as she floats in the hemispherical azure of symolical glory, will he sunburnt by the—by the factions of party corruption, unless men, not principles, is triumphant. Already her wings are scorched—already are her feet blistered by the blasting influence of the Saha rlan Simoon of bard shell bribery.. Fellow-ci tizens—Awake, arouse, or bo forever shined out. Vote early, vote often; go in your work ing clothes; no soratchin’; go the whole, entire, undivided swine, and victory and the spiles will perch upon your banners. * The buUworks of constitutional freedom depend on your Votes.— The wolves-are upon us; their.escutcheon is emblazoned with blood. Tet us imitate the ex ample of Leonidas, the Archimedean 'Screw, when he mounted, the battering rams of ancient Home’s proudest Lycargue,and swung aloft the battle-axojof the apostle—imitate his gel-orious example and make ’em howl. Yes, fol-low ci tizens, as when Demostheans shuk hands with Bomulus, on the ramparts of Parnassus, and made old Denmark shout aloud with joy, so lot us shake hands and make the great old State tiemble in her immortal boots,.with the gigantic tread of'bur Invincible hosts, marching on to victory. Lot.us loose the dogs of war, put ’em on the track, and make ’em smell thunder. In concludin’, fol-low-citizons, lot mo adhere yon to vote - right. Don’t split your ticket, but let the cry of Liberty be heard, as she perches, with starry.pinions, on the Boraxian cap which surmounts the hiighty staff of the. star spangled banner; let the ambassadors/rom the site ol ty. rannicnl England boar the voice of everlasting freedom as it rides, triumphant over the impe rial rallies and cloud-crowned mountains of our land. Let the name of Washington and Peter Squirt; our noble candidate, bo handed down from generation to generation, until austerity Shall bo no more ; and let the.miserable skunks who voto ogain him know that the Vox Tnnluli are on hand. In the language of Seostris.wlien ho stabbed, Julius. Brutus at the base of the stntty of Gsesar, lot us say to them opposition' candidates, “ you two Brutus.” Fol-low-citi zens—l’m dried up; I’ll swim off arid make room for other fish.”, - GOVERNOR'S. MESSAGE. To the Honorable the Senators and Member? of the House of Representatives of the Common wealth of Pennsylvania:'' , Gentlemen,:—Although the year jnst closed has been one of great depression jn the busi ness and monetary affairs of the country, I am happy to be able to announce to the Kepresen. tafives oft ho People, that the finances of'Penn sylvania (ire in.a must satisfactory condition. The receipts at the freasury, from all sources, for the fiscal'year, ending on the 30th day of November, 1858, Were $4,139,778 35; and fhe expenditures, for, ail purposes; during the same time, Were $3,776,857 00. - Leaving an excess of reooipts-’oyer expenditures of $363,941 29. This exhibit shows that there was actually in the Treasury op ; the, first day of December, 1858, the sum of $363,921 29, more than there was bn (ho thst day of December, 1857. In addition to this, among the expenditures for the year, wore -. - Loans redeemed, . Relief Notes, redeemed, Interest certificates “ .linking af-lhe.public debt fund ,ed and unfunded paid during , !—l ; ; - i ; the yeaK;tHo sum"on r 'f : " 421,494-55 If,wo add to this the excess ,of •'■ money on liaiui, at the ondof the fiscal year, over what ro. ■pained in the Treasury, at the . ‘ . ■ same time last year, viz: 863,921 29 We have the'sum of ■ ' $785,4)5 84 But this is not all. The: amount paid on the public improvements, including damages and old claims, during the fiscahyoar, ■ "■ "■ was : $841,086 58 While the amount of revenue, ' ■ ‘ from the same source, for the _ same period, was only 95,070 06 Making an excess of expend!- . turesovervecoipts, which hap pily we will be relieved Iron! r In the future, of ,Y $245,968 52 This Slim should, also; bo credited to tho operations of the Treasury, during the year, for it was an extraordinary expenditure,-which cannot- again occur; and was, in tact, a reduc tion of the liabilities of the Commonwealth, to that extent. " „ , ~ If wo add this sum to .the amount of debt paid, and the excess of cash on hand; wo have (or the year, a balance in favor of tho receipts, over tho ordinary expenditures, amounting in tho aggregate to $1,081,382 36. . , Blit item this, however,, should be deducted tho extraordinary receipts, which were, Ist. The amount paid by the Pennsylvania Railroad Compa ny, on the principal of the debt duo by the said company, to the _ 'Commonwealth,(or tho purchase .i. of,the Main tine, , $lOO,OOO ■ 2d. Tho amount received from flic Girard Bank, for loans of the Commonwealth sold by that _ bank, ' - 28 t OOO In nil Which, deducted, from tho aggre gate of $1,031,382 86, leaves the true balance of the , ordinary receipts over the ordinary ex penditures for the fiscal year at,5903,882 36,- The funded and unfunded’debt of tho Com monwealth, on the Ist day of December, 1867, Was as follows : ; • . • FUNDED DEBT, J ; e; per coni loan, :; ’ ; $ ■ 00 5 per cent, loan, 88,773,212 W 44 per cent .loiin, vnn’nnn nn 4 per cent. loan, „ . luO,OOU To this should bo. added 6 por, cont.,,Cbnpon Boride sold by (Braid Bank’, riot before re- i porfed, , b ' ’ i":. , 28,000 6(f Total funded debt, - ' ' ‘UNFUNDED DEBT. Relief Notes oritstanaillg, 05, .Interest certificates doll,, 23,478 82 Do. ’ do. unclaimed, 4,448 88 Domestic creditors, . 'BO2 60 Totalunlunded debt, . " , $175,T45 70 ' Making the entire debt of the Commonwealth at the period named $89,909,788 22i ■ ' ’ The) funded and unfunded debt 1 of the. State at the close of the last fiscal year; December 1, 1858, stood as-loUowe : • . i : FUNDED DEBT. . : i 6 percent, loans* - ■ ■.';s 445,180/1)0 5 per cent, loans) . ; »W051j7 4* per .pent. loans,,. ? nnSnn 4; per cent.,loans, > • 100,000,00 ■ , Total funded debt, . $39,854,286“ Gt , ■ : ; ' UNFUN BED .DEBX... ; ißclief Notes i *1W»0 00 Interest .hr:- 88,057 13 80. db.: Waimed, 4,448 88 Bomostic Creditors, *. ' ou Total unfuh(3o(t debt, ■ . , ■ 5J53,059 00 Making tho public debt on the first of Decem ber last,®SB9,4BB,243 C 7. Since tbo cloao of the fiscal year, tho Commissioners ot the Sink ing Fupd have redeemed of tho Urn per ot. loan, the sum of $220,182 61, leaving, the real debt of tiro Commonwealth, at this time, funded and unfunded, $89,268,111 10. ■. To meet this, besides the ordinary sources of public revenue, the State owns bonds received from the sale of the public works, and which! have every reason to believe, are well secured, amounting to eleven millions one hundred and cighty-ono dollars. Deducting this from the outstanding debt, it loaves to bo otherwise pro. vided for, the sum of twenty-eight million's eighty-seven thousand one hundred and eleven dollars and sixteen cents. It is believed that, wjth the existing sources 1 of revenue, and the observance of strict econo- 1 my, this sum may bo reduced, during; the cur- J rent year, at least one million of dollars. < The present would seem to be the appropriate 1 tlinp,—when onf nation is at peace,—and when i health and reasonable prosperity prevail within I our own borders,—to greatly reduce the public ] debt. Wo have but to carefully husband our i legitimate resources, avoiding extravagant and ■ unnecessary appropriations, and practicing a . proper economy in all the departments of Go- , vornmenf, to render the entire' extinguishment of our debt a fixed fact within a very brief pe- ' riod. To carefully guard the public treasury ( at thitf'interostlug epoch in onrflnnnoialhistory, is so manifestly the duty of the public author!. , ties, that 1 cannot for one moment believe that any other policy will.be proposed. If there bo 1 any, who, relying on the imprbved condition of ; the finances of the State, would encourage the adoption of new schemes for depleting the Trea sury, or would cut off the sources of . our present revenue, and thus reduce it, let all such efforts, coming, from whatever quarter they may,.be : sternly resisted. Let Pennsylvania be just be .fore she is generous.' Let our good example ; be a light in the pathway of our sister Slates,as well as an admonition to our own local govern ments. This is due alike to the favors which Providence has so bountifully bestowed upon us, and to that high character for honesty and integrity which has ever distinguished the peo. pie’of this good old Commonwealth. In pursuance of the act entitled “An Act lor the Sale of the State Canals,” approved 'on the 21st day of April last, 1 did, as the Governor of the Commonwealth, oh the 19th day of May, 1858. convey to the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company, all the public work's belonging to the Commonwealth, then remaining unsold, consisting of the. Delaware Division—the Upper and Lower North Branch Divisions—the West Branch Division —and the Susquehanna Divi sion of the. Pennsylvania Cangl, with, all the property thereunto belonging, or in any wise appertaining, and till the estate, right, title and interest of this Commonwealth therein, for the sum.of three, millions -five hundred thousand' .dollars. To secure the payment of this sum, the Sunbury anH Erie Railroad Company paid to the State Treasurer its bends, secured by a mortgage, as. .directed by the net. for the amount of the purchase money. : .The company , also, complied wjth the provisions of the Act Which required it, ns additional security, to execute find deliver to ’ the Stale ■ Treasurer a mortgage on theDelawiire.Division.foronemil- SionT-a mortgage on, the Susquehanna and West Branch Divisions for half , a million—and a mortgage oh the Upper arid Lower North Branch Divisions for half a million of dollars. The deeds. and. : mortgages were-, all, executed, under the immediate supervision of the l Attor ney General, and were in strict conformity with the” requirements of the law. - After the, conveyances were- duly executed’ and delivered, possess!™ of the, canals was giy e'ntatbdraflfbSd'^dmMny.'-^ U’|ic aocAtftßcr"provldM’'TKat the Sunbury'. dud Erie Railroad Company should riot: -re-'scll. the Canals, or ntiy pnrt of them, without the consent of the Governor; and that if a re-sale were made for a greater sum, |n the .'aggregate,, than , three arid a half millions of dollars, seven ty-five per centum Of the excess should be paid to the Commonwealth; in the bonds of the pur- : chasers, It was also, provided that upon are sale, the mortgages given by the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company to the Commonwealth, upon the Canals; “should be cancelled by the State Treasurer and surrendered to the compa ny-by the Governor, on deposit, made,-by the said conqrany in ihe office of. .ibc-Stdte Treasu-: rer, of an equal amount of, the bonds of- their grantees, secured by mortgage’ of the canal 'or canals sold as aforesaid” —with a provision that no transfer.of securities shonld- be madc. uritil the Governor should be satisfied that the new securities to be given, were sufficient to protect the interests of the-State; and that his writlcn approval of the change should boded; i in the office of the Secretary of the Common wealth. ‘ • , ' ■ $380,306.85 , 41,071 00 116 70 ’ Sales were made by the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company andreported Jo me under the oath of the President, of the different lines, as follows: . '-,. ■ - - 5 The Upper, and tower North Branch Canal, - to the North Branch Canal Company, for , The West Branch and Susque hanna Divisions, to Wesl Branch and Susquehanna Canal Company fgj, SUU,vUU ■ The Delaware 'Division, to the Delaware,Division Canal Compa ny, of Pcnnsylvania I; fpr ■ In all the sudl of . , $3,875,000 Upon investigation and inquiry, having be come satisfied that these sales were made for fair prices, and upon such terms,' and to such persons oomposing tho various purchasing as sociations, as to insure the payment of the pur chase money, they Were severally, approved. After the contract tor the sale of:the Dela ware Division had been eptered into, and my consent had been verbally given, and seventy five thousand dolM'rs of the purchase money had been actually paid by- the purchasers; upon the faith of the contract, and my assent there to, I was informed.that a higher priceftad been offered, by responsible persons, for the canal. But under the circumstances, my opinion was that, the offer came too late t and. as the Rail road 6otitpitfiy Considered itself bound to, con summate the.agreement by a delivery of the deed.apd.'pdsAessipn ofthe property to the first purchases, f.dould notjh good faith, withhold my assent; The North Branch Canal Company, subsequent to !the. purchase of . that division,, sold-that portion- of the canal lying between Wilkcsbane and Northumberland to the Wyo ming Canal Company for the sutn of nine hun dred and eighty-five thousand dollars. - :: i.Uo' the' September. 1858, bonds of the various, pom panics owning the different canals, secured, by. mortgages, were, in pursuance of the act. and by my' approval, deposited with .the State TlcastJrdr'W'the amount-of : ttvd tPlU •ioPßbf; dollars:; and the mortgages on t,lie' caj nals givcn by.th^Sunbury, and Erie Railroad Company J wcre 'caneeffed by thd State Treasjtr rcr, and surrendered by the to the company np accordance with-tho directions of the law. At the Same,time a settlement was .made, between theComraonweaUh and theßailroad Company, by whidhSbeJajlter paid tb thtf.State seventy five per centum Of thq proceeds of tho re-sale, ■over and above the contract price of three and a half-millions. ’•: This amounted Id two hundred andeighly obe thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, and .was ,paid : in the following manner, viz: Bonds of tho Wyoming Canal J , Company, secured by mortgage ; on the canal from Wilkefibhrre to Northumberland, payable in’ twenty years With interest at six - $128,000 $3!), 784,592 52 “008 OOONTRT —MAT IT ALWATS ® l ®^—B>JT iltGnT ORWRONO, 008 CODNTBT.” CARLISLE, n., TiItfSSBAT, JASUARY 13, 1« ; • per cent, payable semi-annually, ■ $281,000 Cash, , 7 250 Total. '■ " . 8281,250 These bonds are and theacoru ing interest and prinoipfl, whfh due, will doubt'; less be promptly paid./-;, ‘ . : ; From information ;<*f}ai retjabtp character to* cently w thwEresident of the Sunbury and Biw-Baifpad Company, if appears that the prospe its cfean cArly comply .tion of that great public higiqr»y.iarp very en couraging. ; ii*large am iunt of work has, been done bn the ttw-oC the past scason.nnd^Hhistiip^.TerTiMnsiderablo.por tions of. the wcKSjfahd ..rapidly ap proaching at iS'thc opinion of the President of tßPTOinp&ny;Hhat,; Withiii' two years, the work/?’ will bif entirely finished, so that cars jvill be riirinin#dirbetly from ths^ltjb of thc.hSbpr of Erie; , i? 'j . When this great enterprise Shall be conanm mated, and the dcsire of jltsSHehds flnally ao compliahed, the paymenfbf. the three millions and a half of mortgage hpndsl'which the State has received in the; canals, Will unquestionably be well' Secitted—whilst the railroad,-itself, will provh of incalculable ad vantage to our great cbinmercfal emporium,as well as Ip ,the important,but long neglected,: region through which it{|iassc(p.... Its construc tion will undoubtedly-add (6 ijie, value of the real estate of the Commonwealth many times its cost, and develope’ ani- bring into "Use the rich resources of a country which have hitherto remained as they were laVtfhly . Strewn by the hand of nature. ,1 havcwiOibiding confidence that the-result will the wis dom, of the. measure,.whiclhWhiie it'gnarantied the completion of one 6f '.the greatest improve ments ever projeotediin tmfCominonweallh, it; at .the same time; divbrccqttho„State from the unprofitable and' (lemofalipag ,management of her railroads and canals,; ,/.; Whatever differences oflopinipn may, at any time, have been entertaihed in, regard fo the propriety ofJbe-detailp.Or! ihe legislation au thorizing the sale 'Of; tfie'lmidn - line,, or. the; branches, it enti scarcely,te .doiibted that the; public ,welfare will, itf cyety rispeot, be vastly promoted by the transfer of the management of the public worksfroth; theStpte'to individual; owners. ~ , ' ' The short experience thptwohavahad al ready/ proves oonclusiyelypthat ; the Common-; wealth is greatly a'finahcialpolnt of view; and it has; dembnsthated. that the people at largo as weUjafnot better, hy'the fchange., ~\ j ;./ -It would; in lamity. if, by the happening of'any, contingent oy, the Gonmionweallh ahauldt be. constrained to again become this i Owi|ier,,hpd resume .‘ the management, of any-portiop of the public im provements. ■■' '.^r.-V . The power of the General-Assembly topass the Act of the relative to, the sale of the State .be,:; fore the Supremo transfer, of>hc canals.p’andihftelfullaigumcnt,' the by the unanimousjodgmewt^Sbe^puft</ir ; Since the sale of and .the settlement; of the piincipaWutstanding claims against the Slate, it is.hby.iMsJftat'there jß'fnjf further ■si6Tsera,~or Canal PappfSn^nfirf; I, t herefore,* Tbcbrr.mend the abolition bf tlje Roard.nntl (hat; provision be made for-lfie trartsfar of the records: to thobfißce of tho Audilor.Gencral.- In view of the foregoing exhibit of our re sources and financial .condition, it. is apparent that a. most interesting era hasbeen reached in the history of the Commonwealth. Relieved from the entangling embarrassments of an ex tensive systcm .of internaMroprovements; the means of the Sta,te are now ample for all legiti mate purposes, and her public debt is,gradual- ! ly but certainly disappearing.' _ Prom these and other causes,'govefmental action lias' become greatly simplified; and-the nature of the, sub jects of its operationhaschangedin adegreo'no less remarkable. iJ . The almost entire disposal of the lands which 1 belonged to the State, has .already.dispensed' with one of the Department? 'created, for their care, and will; ultimately, render the.other uh ; : necessary, except for preserving the evidences of their, transfer. The sale of the public worksh.as relieved the Executive brandh of the Government of many of its most responsible and'perplexing duties, and in effect, dispensed with ode of its inost for midable and difficult departitiehfcSi l In the same proportion, the action of the Leg islature will, if the representatives of the peo ple be true to the interests reposed, and sternly refuse to entangle the public : . with those nunicr-. ous projects and enterprises which arc coutimi ally seelting its alliance, .be simplified and econ omized, purified and strengthened.! "! _ And it is ns remarkable as it is ‘propituous, that an era which has thus relisted ' the State authorities of burthens Ihat.eonwsted; either of mere material interests*.or the .care,Of local-ad ministration, —committingth® ope to the local sovereignty of the people, and 1 the' other to-pri vate or associated enterprise,-—-should also pre sent for consideration and prombliou' intellectu al and moral claims of peculiar importance; : It is at -this period in' our-history that the system of-public education challenges the at tention of the most unobservant,-i. And-I shall be mpeh mistaken in the cautious but steadfast character Of tbo people of Pennsylvania, if their Representatives do not make-it tho -first object of their solicitude. ' . . , ■ , The,annual report of tho Superintendent of Common Schools, will lay .beforei you the pres ent condition of the Common School System, - and of its operations during the past year.— Your close and scrutinizing attention is invited to the details of that document.. . Including the city of Philadelphia.-it wiUbe observed, that there were ip the. public schools of the State, during the year w|wh terminated on the first Monday of last June, 628,201 pu pils ; these were instructed during an average term of a little over five monthsfm 11,281 schools, by 13,856' ttoohers, af a total cost, of 52,427-,G32 41. .. Hero is a public interest, which,—whether wo regard its ramifications into Uycry portion of our social fabric; its large oosW the important •powers over the present wbichTt yields, or its incalculable influence upon tho future —un doubtedly transcends all othra ,-committed tp the care of,the secular authorities. This being the case;'!-have no hesitation ip asserting that the time lias arrived when its full, importance 'should-bij recognized, and that admmis tfatfOU’Sbtfuld Be made tho duty of a fully or - ;ganlu<id,-and effective.' as well aan separate de . .flartroant:ip-the government-, ~ ■ .i ■ • But- thp mefo care and pfbmotioif of opt pe tern of Common 1 Schools— .important and exten- Siyff as ft WioOaly is*-slw u,i ¥ object of such’a Department If it ft tftre thttl the power to punish crime Includes also the right to prevent it, by provtdingfor the proper intellectual and moral training tit the people, it : would seem to follow that tbodepartmCnt char ged; With the latter momentous duty,:should al io bo in possession of nil the; sources and -aub . jects of information, calculated to abed light ppon tho object of its action,' Hence tbii. col lection. arrangement, and practical deductions .from population and 1 industrial statistics; from $1,600,000 1,775,000 •,K\X“ natural defects. suchaadcafnessand dumb- j n ' v ; cw 0 f n, e f ao tß reported' by tiro commit ness.blindness and lunacy; from crime in its tee, in reference to the organization and zubso various forma and devclopcincnts! together with qnent management of tho Tioga Countyßank, soch dohtrol over all the literary arid scientific. the Crawford County Bank, and Tiro Bank o( institutions ini'the-State,^as shall bring their Shamokln, I would recommend a caroftil in full condition into view—should also belong to quiry into the present oondltion.ot these insti thc same Department. tutiona, and if It shall be asSsrtamcd (pat. the Therefore, I .most respectfully, but earnest- public is likely to suflbr injury from the farther IV, urge upon yoirr favorable consideration, at existence of either, “ , h £ thepresen? PtbP't'mM moment, «ud%riX“e« by the acts if incorpora tion of sucha Department, in the_roora pf those tioI) P power to alter, revoke, ornnnul, tho for the bare of mere matter whose agency has o]inrtor of n bank w h C nevor its continuance may, been or soon will be discontinued, by.the.on- , n tho opInI(m oi , he legislature, bo injurious to ward and. up ward progress, of the Common- n lc o iti Z ena of tho CommonweaUh.isexpresslj’ wealth, v - ■ glfen .by the Constitution to the General Assem- A Sm'table Dopartmenl Of Public Instruc- bly,~to bo exorcised.-liowevor, in such manner tion, will not," however, of itself, effect all that (l 8 mat no injustice shall bo done to tho corpo is heeded in this direction. The general results rotors: ; of the Common School system, already cited. Obedience to this constitutional injunction show tho importance,of its nature, and the wag- would require that in tho event of a repeal of. nitude of its operations- If we look, also, into (he'charter of a bank, care should be taken its special statistics,. tho conclusion will bo that thc rights of. the stockholders to the sur cqiially clear that -certain improvements in' its plus assets of thebank, after payment of its working machinery , are equally indispensable, debts. werc protected ; and that suitable pro ■ -It is needless to attempt- to prove the truism visions should be made for settling its affairs, that .the .properly.qualified teacher is the life The injunction contained in the Conslitu and suocess of the school; But tho facts, arc tion. that tho repeal Or revocation of a bank startling; that; of the 12,828 teachers of our charter shall bo jn suefi manner as tojyorkno public schools, exclusive of those in Pliiladel- injustice to the corporators, is not, a qualiflea pbia, only 5,087 tiro reported as •‘ 'qualified" tion'of the power to revoke; or annul the char-', for their important trust; While 5,387 are re- ter; but it is simply a requirement that, in ta turned as “ medium," or such as are bn]y tol- king away the charter,-the rights of the stock crated. till better: can 'be.obtained ; and that holders shall.be protected, so far os is consist -2,313 are stated to be •‘unfit.” In other, pnt with the not of repeal itself.' Idonotdoubt words: of the 569,880 children, attending'tbb that the legislature may alter, revoke, or annul, schools out of-Philadelphio, only about 230,000 any- existing bank.charter, whenever in its.qpinr (less than one half) are under proper instruc- ion the,continuance of.the charter may bo.iqju tionand training; whilenbout 240,000 are rc- rioustp the citizens Of the Commonwealth,— ceiving Insufficient instruction from, inferior. Any bthet- construction Of the Constitutional teachers; 100,000 are'actually in cliargeof per- reservation would make the interests and safe sons wholly-unfit;for the task,. ' : . Vi-; ty of the public subservient to the gain of-the j This presents the subject in a light which can -private stockholder. Believing; therefore, that nut be shut out;, and; though the groat and mere is no- want of power, !- cannot refrain commendable efforts recently made by tUo'teaoh-. from expressing my decided opinion that when era of Ponnsylvanla; forthoir own improvement, c y er ; s c [ eor that a ; bank is-insolvent, or in are Ihliy ,recognized, it can not^ n «<medUM. of becoming so, or whenever its that (hero Is a .workwot to be done,, m Mu.re- privilegesare so used or- abused as to seriously lation.whlch would seora to , he, hnyonf their * j ad|cetho interests of the public; it-is the unaided power towccpraplish.- 1;,"';.,. dutv of the law making power to protect tUi! of our common schools,lo,BB9 areuridei thirty Areas. I then stated,tis .my- decidedopmion. years of ago; and-10,946 are natives of Pennsyl- that there should be no further increase of banks vania; aild a larger proportion than inmost of orbankiiig-capitalunder tho present system— the pthor;States, are permanently; devoted-to expressed n- decided- hostility to the issue.of thoprofession of teaching.. To render these# notes of a recomtpond tho position to which they such a changeipour. laws- relative, (o-banks, edly pn6;6flhe I .nipsi useful and Honorable Jn tHelr organization and tnahngeinent* a& would I'the worldr^and-to-raise up a-constant supply. a t least secure beyond all question the prompt of well qualified- successors; isitbo; work to -bb rgdemp-jon of:bills or notes jiqt in circulation; done. ' .by,'theseveral banking.institutions of thoobm- of effecting - this object havo monwcalib. ’ ■- been suggested or tried; hut, after nmtnro rc- ;. Wc „ gat i3flcd,of the imperfection of existing flection, Ipm led to prefer that-dor ised by tho relative to banks and banking, I deem it a Act-of May.2o, 1857, entitle,d: <t An Act to pr - iriform the. Gofieral Assembly, that T iSA&rbr bharlcring.additional-bahks without tt radical, fbUnilufith the S memhers of. suohlof-the other change in the; entire system.. .It is but-just to, IParaed prblbßsibns os have been recpgnissed.by. state that ,iq -my .opinion; a- large .majority,of nubltb authority j and it is to bo the banks of the Oomtaonwealih are well pud; Ah’B : nro'sftatl6ri of business and soareity. pf'ind;. safely managed, pnd-in- tt ,perfectly sound^n-, the p'assago Or the fiition:; ;but this,is due,to the,honesty and»m< : •att,vho£\tbeioffecfe.o4‘. pheieking. many lapdablo (elligcnpe of those having chprgpof thein. efjbrts ep; tfadn’id\eiß6iency:of ilje Xnraer [ J- or .y .experjenceJms ehown, tliat;ihcre:fa rfiflll.y. tnt ; - b 4 #“e ; if in. the.rpgu- l h lationsbnd^t*jjidona;imw.t6Z®Tob.ft d -in‘;'oar banking bode. ' True, wisdom dictates a refpr number to establish the efficiency and pract.ica. the people during the. financial pressure of, tho bllity of tho plan, to'ho compieled in-a few, past.eighteen months, suggest the necessity of years: tho money not to bo paid till the schools preventing their recurrence. Although many wore in full and approved operation. ■lt Is nut causes may have combined to produce thesedis probaDlo that this grantw'ould.cause anycorisid- asters, it is too plainlo admit bf doubt that our arable draft on the treasury; but, oven if tho banking system.has been one 1 pf the most prom whole twelve schools Bhould.uUimatoly bo csta- j Qe nt. The value of ihe precious metals—the blished, tho boon would neither bo out of pro- pj-; ceB 0 ( property —-and ihe wages ot labors-; portion to that which has been conceded to ar e always alleclctf by the abundance or scai*'„ other, literary institutions, nor: tho number oi - c \ty of the paper medium.received as a su,bsti graduates beyond tho wants of tho community. tulo f or an g silver coin; The power bf Dp to the present limo. 'ba?. .apr. t (,‘ e states to authbrize a patief.currcnoy, through ■ preprinted abouts6oo,ooo-tq-a|d o® i the agency of banka, has been so long oxcrois and acqflcmies, and this cd. and acknowledged, throughout the Union. s°ohS g ' that it, is no longeron open fl-tlon. .But it cenoe haVo been, In other respects; quite cqial must bo ncknoiffcdged tl.at the power has keep to tho amount given, it will be asserted, by no greatly abused. I he, delegation of this attn ono that the avowed object has' been to anyoon. : bilto oi sovereignty to h number of irrrcsponsi,- slderable extent effected. It woui.d therefore blc corporations without proper checks to limil appear'to be.time that the aid bif tho Stale iis exercise, and witbout providing any scouri shouid be brought directly to boar iu’favor of ty whatever for the_ redemption of tho issues tho great object so long contemplated. ~ tbus,aulhqi;ized', has,,been attended', with evils I,have thus briefly laid before - you the condi- 0 f j most alarming character. These corpo tion of our noble .'’educational system. It will, ra 'tjbns are practicaiiy made the exclusive judg afford me sincere pleasure to concur in , the q g - 0 j the amount of papcr'currcncy.to-bo fur adoption bf these; or any other measures, for n j ß (, C( j („ (.tia people, and have "the-exclusive its perfection, that the wisdom of tho legislature p oWer , 0 contract, of expand liieir circulation may devise. - "• hI . at pleasure. , Depositors'and other ordinary In this ® OUD *'‘® n w n aat - l Ud a i creditors of banks, need no legislation for their riouUurai labor, and thus adapt itselt to the cd- protection. . Every one who has direct dealings ucation of, the farmer, has,been most seriously with these institutions,,either, as depbsitoror felt • for, whilst' our many colleges well fill tho otherwise, enters into, such engagement-.vo.un measure oCrtttßefulncss in their appropriate tarily, for his own advantage, and may be safe sphere of influence, it must be conceded that ly left to his own vigilance, mid'the ordinary the training they impart is.badly adapted to the remedies of. the law, for his protection. But art of practical agriculture, in Pennsylvania the millions of people engaged in industrious that interests so important as to demand at nil pursuits, the farmer—Hie raechanic~lhc raer times our anxious attention, and active support, chant—and the laboring under an « Tho Farmers* High School,of Pennsylvania/* imperious necessity to receive for their merchant lately projected and planned by a few public ;< jj zo a ud their labor, the ordinary paper curren spirited and which Ims received, to Col , ntr y. jt | s impossible for persons some; the. patronage of tho btate, : and to investigate the concerns the- contributions of a number pf our patriotic q{ . j nBt | tut | on whose notes are in circula* Citizens, is destined to afford, a l' lac ii on . But‘ no-investigation could save them young mon may bo la ™ expense f thi nrisipg from the defaults and “ra "i?onbe C bu. fraufis of bank officers and the insolvency.of airioss of tho farm. Hero, whilst daily occnpa- bank borrowers. tion will train tho body to tho ability to labor. The note holders of bpnks have peculiar and give to tho student the enviable feeling that claims; to the protection of the government. — ho.contributes to his own‘support and ednea- qq ie y are involuntary creditors, who aro forced tion,it will Instruct and enlarge his mind, that to receive the notes authorized by the govern it may give force and effect to-all his future e(- lnon t. They liave no direct dealings with the forts. Tho design of the institution is to.nfford t, ankg- They do not trust the banks from finy a school where hoys may be thoroughly ednoa- ho of - n Th hive n 0 profit' in- passing rotnrd°to thoir pari in every department- of life. An oh- whole people aro therefore deeply interested in iect so fraught with usefulness is entitled to tho the scrutiny of tho circulation allowed by law. highest commendation. . although many of them may nnvcr hayc had d Tho application of sclentlflo principles to tho share bf bank stock, or beeu withiri a lmndrcd practical p'urposbs bf life, is but realizing Ihe miles of its place ofb'dstnesif. Thb Government lull bonoflt of those laws of nature, to discover t ], a t adlhonzcs the issue of a paper currency is and to (profit by which, is undoubtedly pno of nn( j er tt high moral obligation to require ample tho .groat,'end! of .human reason. The more an j nTO jj a bie security for ils redemption. this important object Is held in view and effect. Tho cerliflcatcs’&f loan issued by the General to yduf favorable obV.std'eration; which could be provided... , - -. Under a resolution of tho last Housfe of Re- A law requiring d*n presontattvea a committoo was appointed by the organized, to be secured by the' pledgb'ol these .Speaker of the Hoilso, tb.ojfamttre tb’p StatO and i o ' al]g ' vJootff enhance.the value- of the -present condition of peveral Banks chattered at tho sos- ) onng ’ a „d thus give the holders a premium not Sion of 1'857. Tlio resolutlba directed the cbm- con t e mplotcd when they became purchasers, mitte'o to feport to tho Governor the result of, d for which‘'Uiev'never gave qny valuable Its okam.inafion' within ninety days after tho off- .-tfhis'bnhaniod' valne.wbuld -be. I journment of- the legislature. On the 20th of derived^from^» privilege granted by the State., July last; tho report of tho committoo, together 'tho State ouglit. iberefaro.; to have the hen with .the accompanying oyldonfte, was filed in; a ”“ Jj, n 3 f ar na tliJ9 may be sccured by the Office of the Secretary ,ol the CommonWenlth, j-y-.- - ’ ti lo recent amendment to the Constl acopy bf-whlch will bo laid'bototo tho ITouso lut : Qn circumscribes the power of the Lcgisla of Roprosontatives. ■<-' * .A^j!lL±Z2L jiS 'Atf2,ijo PEiIAKKUM. NO. 3i; I tun ikwwMm present outsißndibgiflaabtMnESSdr.tbbßUtet” A latvauthorixihgnew State fw posapf rcdMming th° prcseht ovw 'dgp'dttij), Wouldba,within, taBr<»say#f#V ; ttndWoul’dbc fiih r «|g)wn|f> tionid grounds.': ■•'", ;. *iu The new Joans: thus an •VAh° cipiralipn. of twraty^w^ifJffft: tM banking privilege attached to them* would<,W«t doubtedly sell at a high premiujp. -Thyrptp.* heeds of their elite Should be nppliedlotho p4y* hieOt of the'pVtsciit State ibfebt, now Ovtrone, ambunlit* to more tham-Kventeen millions, mf dollars. Under IhiS'systcm the SUto lbans would no longer be held by schii-adnual .qf Specie, tb; phyiiite- Hat, ivduldtherefore cO&e.-. i ; ., : ,-si ;•* As. the currency l would ,he, limiletptoTho amount aptually scourcd. ihe danger fitom ex* f)ansions,WhicbhavohcrolorQrsstimolaledthB nijautiquslbbmlhtrk'.imruioodaeritelbHses, its dVorlraaing. «nB.lrf/ ; e»tiiqmwwr.-B»-;tartf.'Wtr penditureS. wolild- bo gtthlTy. fewmed, if hot entirely.-overcome.;; :Afl the securities would be id the. hands of a high and responSibleOmcer of the State, with authority .tO fioU theln for the purpbsb'of reiisetninft <the tpidulatibu, the, power of the tmhks tb. arrest;speojopay menf $ at: their own pleasure,would be at an ond. system proposed is as nearan apptjjaoli sis as the condition and .httbitsuf- lheiteoplo are at.preSent pfeparedfor. The iliity.-pf-saqn- HSg Ui« boinmunjty from losses : ronumually arising from an unsate oufrenoy cannot .delayed without a manifest djsregardof roe :puiilio interests. Jh'e aulrjtbt is therefore tjojn* —: mended to your early attention, : .. v :,;i : The report of the ComliiiSSMpera appointed to contract Tor and superintend the; erection q| a monument to the niemory. of. the citizens ot Pennsyivaliid, ivlio Were slain or losttheiHivfeS ih thfe late war, with Mcxico. inroHii the Lcgislaiurcjof the proceedingsJlad.on that BU^ ject. After receiving pippbsals.-fo'r the,erection of the moUumciit, and the adoptiondf a plan,, it was determined, in view of thelimUed and-id adequate appropriation made fpr.the infecotn- : plishhicnt of tJiB purpose, by the last Lcgisla litre, to postpone the commencement of the work until further legislation could, be hitd. It is the opinion of the &mhii«iohers ( U|at suetd monument ns would do credit tq the State/ and honor to, the, hylqg and the dead, cannot bo ‘bUilt foi-a less suit) thin thirty thousand: dol lars. If the Legislature,should concur iqthpt opinion, theappropriation should: be : increased t, Thcreport pftlie §tate Ltiirnrian wiiVinhjnii you of llib progressraade in the catalogue au thorised by tho last. Legislature, and tho ral condition-of the Library,which.has grop'd to be an institution lhat deserves yqur fostering care.-,! would commend to your attention the SUggestjohS bf the Librarian- " ■. , Tho report of IhpAttornoy General.wrijtcli willbij laid before you, will exhibit' the.opera tions of the Law Uejittrtthcnt of the Qoyerni ment for the pSst, year. The act df the 2lBt of : April, 1857, which retjulies the Attoroey Gen eral to-ketip. an office at Harrisburg, and which . I shall be tpllcotcd by that officer, haaprßveil to . be a highly beneficial cnaolrocnL Under its provisions large, shins arc , saved which word formerly ;paid for commissions and co.tinselfeesi And, the improved slate of our finances is in no inconsiderable degree owing to the prompt man ner in. which outstanding claims ape pollcqted and paid into the State Treasury. ■ .yi .The Adjutant; Gcneral’a/report, wh!jjh,jvin belaid beforeyou.wdlsbpw in detail the pres ent condition of the; Military Department. I would respectfully call the. attention. .Legislature to the recommendations of that out- taw of ifiS'S, has poVhecn tested; but it is believed to be,-in the main, an. improvement on the lows in forcc at the timo of its passage; ■ One of its best features, .and bne :ihßt,,sbou.ld;bo;.atr'ctly..>enforced l system is self-supporting. • In no contingency, should that 4epartroe||b be a charge."upon tho ; public Treasury in time of peace.,.... ■ „ In referring, the attention of; the liegislaloro : Bud'Siate Treasurer. remtiii.to lhefinances of the Sietei''whi'ch.;will-be Jaitf before jrod, I cany not rcfrain frooii giviDgcxprcssion w inyySwa oh theißiportanoe'oT'a change in tb? mode of keeping and diabursing thepublio moneySi I.The State Treasurer, receives and disbursed between four and five millionsof dollars omiu ally; and it not unfrequently happens,lha(; there is a balance in the Treasury exceeding one million of dollars. The bond ol ,tho. Tre asurer is but for eighty thousand ■ dollars. ■ He deposits the money of the; State wherever, pleases, and it is paid exclusively qn his own check. The monthly settlemcots with the Au ditor General afiord somcsccurlty that the fuddd i of.tho Commonwealth will not be tm&pplied;, but it is entirely inadequate to ,the complete protection of ihe.public interests. ,; ”, Until the Slate shall adopt a difierent, ay slept for the collection, safe-keeping and disMtpe-. ment'of.hcr IWenucs, the money Oh Eahu must be kep't tlllici: in the Treasury vault or deposi ted with the hanking idsiithtioris id For many years the latter modc Kaa bcen t(.dqp-, ted. I respectfully rreommend that provision be made'by law that no money shall be deposi ted in ahy banfc by tho State Treasurer without requiring security to be.first given.to the Oqptf* monweatth for the rcpayment.of the sums depo sited—that all checks issued by the State Trea-, surer shall be countersigned - by the Auditor General before they are used —and that daily accounts of the moneys and jnfid shall [ be kept in the office of the A’uditor Uencrfil ea i'.well as' in the Treasury Depaftihchtl ' . . '"'.The Commissioners, appoirited toi renseVtlie Cnffiinal iodeof this Commonwealth, ore pro- , 'grossing with the duties of their appointment, and will report the revised code before the ad journment of the Legislature. . t ... ’ The and reformatory iri stitdtibns. which, have horptofore fccciv'eapicu niary assistance from the State, such as thp State Lunatic IlospitaU at Uarrisburg, thp WcStcrn Pennsylvania Hospital, at Pittsburg, the.Pcnnsylvanip for ididUd itttd, TeebTe-rAlntlea children, the Asylupis for (ho Blind and Deaf and Dumb, at Philadelphia,.the Northern llomp for. Friendless : CJtiltfrcri, fi{ Philadelphia—l reOottmend tp youir, fostering i aid and care. The annualreporta exhibiting p detail of the'opcrations of, these noble and ex cellent charities, during the past year, will bp laid before you. I cannot feodnimerid ,appro.- priations to charilabic associations of.a purely local character, however praiseworthy the ob jects and motives of their founders and suppor ters, op However useful they may be to their particular localities. Tlio pV'es’cni Conui(iod pi IHo roverfueS Of tho General Governpaeut, ddrdonstrates tho.urgent necussity of iniVpas'cd ditties upon foreign itn portations. The peopip of Pennsylvania have l ovet taken a Ijvoly interest in tho, proper adjust rdent of a tartffj and they singular unanimity, at all times, favored sitdh art aSSeslt ment of duties; as would not only produce revo-_ nuo, but furnish (UolargostipdidohmljiTAtsctWn to tho great riiineral,' mannfafclurjng, and indus trial interests oi tho com;try. Ilad their voice hitherto boon m’ore pblcoHat in t|ta Councils of tho nation, it is no longer, problematical that much' of the' pecuniary distress lately experi enced by all Classes and CdhdiUons of .business men might have been to a groat extent averted. Thq necessities of the government and thq peo ple, ri’ow alike demand a change—aq increase,pf rfutips—and I take great pleasure fn Inadrslig tHo vro#a of tho President of the United Slates as expfoSsed in' his last annual message, relative to the.alrango jn-oppsod.„;Hls odvpckcy of SJP“' eifle duties oh all «comiUodiilo3 wmch are gcn oraliy sold by weight, or.by “ ca,, !. r '» from theif naturd aro dfequalorofncarijr equal value—such-as- iron, ;ol different classes, raw suenrr and foreign w/ocuff, and Si'lnts/t has mot with a liearly rosnonsp from the, great bodyof hppoodo of this State.' If is Jo bo hopedlhat hlavfoivs oti thia qnesliCh will be luvorablyre garded by Congress, and that the action rot tho federal government -may: correspond with'the suggestions, of tho President. , When I. was caUert upon to assume the’Guh* Ornito'riaVcliair, nearly ‘oho year ago, in' defer ence to public opinion, aud rriy owu‘ fcnUngs,
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