,sss• .TlitinßiiytimUiso i>» 1 " ; , Bratton. Dollar 'andFiftyGcnts, i. ’Adfrancti’; TWo- Dollars if paid wiHdotho TlvoDollarsnnd Fifty Cunts, if hot irfJffHMn th 6 year. These terras will bo rig fdtff'BdWr(ja to Distance, Nosubscrip -ISIJ ttrtcohtlniiod'until' oil arrearages ore paid nnloM fcfttio option oltho Editor. ' AiWBIiM BMBN *^’^ coom P an * e( * tho cash, .ndft'itMabyurtlilg'oiUJ hciuare, will bo Inserted. ?hrc£tlmo* fdf bttd Dollar, dnd twenty-five cunts for each Those of a great. ,r M nond-billa, I>llhg hln,o pamphlets; Blitoks, Labels/icc., &c.,oxe tulck trUh*ltcbUfa> , y i dtld at the shortest notice. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. ftllom'Cllizerii of ' tht‘ Senate and Home of Ripf**erilat\vih tfho donatllutlon of tho United States nrotidps Congress shall assemble an mia\l/9 D hfStMomloy of December, and it has usual fur the President to make no communications of n public char actcr. to,tho Senate and House of Rcpreseti taiivo* noill advised of tbu|r readiness to pepeive it.' I hare delurred to thin usage until llu) close of the first month of the sca llop but,my convictions of duty will not tipnnH mo longer,postpone the discharge bribe obligation Enjoined by Hw Constltu lleit upon, Hie; President “ to give to the 6 ingress, Information of tho state of the Union,, and, recommend to their considera tion such measures ns he shall judgu neces sary ant) expedient,” U Is.matter: of. congratulation that the Republic is tranquilly advancing in a ca reer of prosperity nnd pence. JrO.tEtas" RELATIONS —CENTRAL AMERICA, 'whilst relations of amity continue to ex- Ist'betweon' the United Status in all foreign ppwbrsj with some of them grave questions are depending, wh|oh may require the con sidondlun oFOongreas. , Ofatich questions, tho most important is that which has arisen out of the negotia tions with Gfcut-Britain in reference (o Central America;: - - By tho conVehtiona concluded between the two governments.on the HUh of April, 1650,.both,parties covenanted that “neither alil| ever” “dcdnpy, or fortify, or colonize, or or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, tiie Mosquito coast, orany.part ofCenlral America.” ':;iVwai (hb ; undoubted understanding of the United States, in making this.treaty, that all Hip present Stales of the former re jiabllc.bfGontral America. and the entire territory of each, would iicnccloi th enjoy complete ' Independence ; and Hint both contracting parties, engaged equally, and to tHb ianjj extent, for the present nnd lor Ihe future, that it either ot them had any claim to - right in Central America, such claim, and all occupation or authority under it, were unreservedly relinquished by the slip ujitlonsof the convention ; nnd that no do minion was thereafter to be exercised or assumed in any part of Central America, by Great pfitain or the United St iles. ’ This Government consented to reslric tlbhs In .regard to a region of country, wherein wo had specific and peculiar inter cits, only upon the conviction that the like restrictions wore in tho same blmisu obligu- Son Grmt Britain. But lor thlw under ling jof the force and effect of the Con vention, It would never have been conclud ed by (id. So clear was (hit understanding on (ho part of Hip United States, that in correspon rfihcd ’contemporaneous with the ratification oftlie convention, it was distinctly express ed, that the mutual covenants of non occu- « rt were not intended to apply to the ill establishment at tho Belize. Tills tpial'iQcation is to bo ascribed to tbe fact that, in virtue of successive treaties with riihiVlotis sovereigns of the country, Great Britain bad obtained a concession of tbe right to cut mahogany or dye-woods at (ho l)Ut with positive exclusion of all domain'or sovcreigiity } and thus it con flrms thu natural construction and under i stood import ot the treaty us to all tho rest I oTthc region to which tho stipulations ap i‘ plied. ft, however, becamo appirent, nt an cur- I ly d i>“ afior entering upon the discharge of my present functions, Mut Great Britain •till continued In the exercise or assertion orfiirge authority In nil that purl ol Cen tral America cbniinotily called the Mosqui tn Coast, and Covering tile entire length of Nicaragua, and a pint of Costa Rica; thnl Sht regarded tbe Bullze m» her absolute domain, and was grade illy exten ding Ms limits »t tbe expense of tbe Slate of Honduras; and that she lud loitnully culoniied a considerable insnlm group. . imowu as Ihcßiy Islands, and belonging of right to that Stuta. All these fuels or pretensions o( Great Britain, being contnuy to the tights <>l the fifties of Central America, and In tbe man fptt tenor of her stipulations with the Uni ted States, os understood by ibis gm em inent, have been made the subject of nego .tUlfon through the American Minister in London. I transmit herewith tbe instruc tions tu him on Ihe subject and tbe corres pondence lielweeii him and llic Bril iah Sec r (ary on Foreign Affairs, by which you will perceive that the (wo governments dif fer widely and IrroconcUoahly as to the , c instruction of the convention, and Its ef fect ot) tliolr respective relations lu Central America, Great Britain so construes (bo conven tion, as to maintain oil her previous pre tensions unchanged over the Mosunito coast and In different parts of Central A *nterlca. These pretensions, ns to tho Mos quito coast, are founded on (lie assumption of political relations between Great Britain and the remnant of a tribe of Indians on that coast, entered Into nt a time when tho country was a colonial possession of Spain. ItCaiifiot be successfully controverted that by the nubile law ol Europe and America, no possible act of such Indians or thuir pre decessors could confer on Great Britain any political rights, . , Orest Britain dotis not allege the assent of Spain hi tho origin ol her claims on the Mosquito coast. She has, on the contrary, 1»y repeated and expressive treaties renoun ced and relinquished utl pretensions of her own, and recognized the full and sovereign rlghts of Spain in. (bo most unequivocal terms. Yet these pretensions, so without solid foundation In the beginning, nnd thus fojieaiedly allured, were, at a recent period revived by Great Britain against tho Cen tral American States, (he legitimate succes sors (o all tho ancient jurisdiction of Spain id that region. They were first applied on ly to a defined part of the coast of Nicara gua, they are now reasserted to this extent notwithstanding engagements to the United Ftatpl.' I ! ; . On. (ho eastern coast of Nicaragua and Uosta Rica, tho interference of Greslt Brit ain, though offered ot one-time In tho form of military occupation of tho. . Port of .San ■Juan del Norte, then in the peaceful pos session of. (bo appropriate authorities of the Central American States, It now presontpd by her as Ihe rlghtftil ox*rclso of a 'protec torship over thu Mosquito tribe of Indians. Buttbeostablishmunt ol the Bailee, now reaching far beyond Its treaty limits Into the State of Honduras, and that of (he Bay Islands, appertaining of right to the same •late, sro os distinctly colonial governments as that of Jamaica or Canftdq, and therefore contrary to tho very letter, as well as to the •plrlt of tho convention with tho United tiU(oa,as U .wgsat the time of ratification, and now is understood by this government. The Interpretation which tho British gov crnmqnt', thus - In assertion and act, persists m ascribing to the convention, entirely changes its diameter. While It holds usto our obligations. It In a great nanpura ‘re leases' Great Britain.from those which con •tllutod (ha,consideration of this govern ment fbr ehtoflng.into the convention. It 1* i n il ,o * B iblo, in my Judgment, for the Uni •*d Slutes to acquiesce ,In such a construc tion of the respective relations of the two •°vormnen(B to Central America. i Ilmmratt W9O lirnim. BY JOHN B. BRATTON. VOL 42. To a renewed call by tills government up on Great Britain, to abide by, and carry in to effect (ho stipulations of tho convention, according lo its obvious import, by with drawing from the possession or coloniza tion of portions of tiio Central American States of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, the British government Ims ut length replied, affirming that the operation of the treaty is prospective only, and did not re quire Great Britain to abandon or contract any possessions held by her In Central A tnerica, at the date of its conclusion. Tills reply substitutes a partial issue, in the place of the general one presented by the United States. Tho British govern ment passes over the question of thu r gilts of Great Britain, real or snpposed, in Cen tral America, and assumes that she bud such rights at (be dale of the treaty, nnd that those rights comprehended tbe protec torship of the Mosquito Indians, tho exten ded Jurisdiction and limits of thu Balize, and the colony of tho Bay Islands, and thereupon proceeds by implication to Infer, that, if the stipulations of the treaty be merely future In effbet, Great Britain may still continue to hold the contested portions ol Central America. Tbe United Stales cannot admit cither the inference or tbe premises. We steadily deny, that, at tbe dale of the treaty, Great Britain had any possessions (here, other than tiie limited and peculiar establishment at the Dniizc, and maintain that, it she bad any, they were surrendered by the Convention. Tiie government recognizing (tie obliga tions of the treaty, has desired to see it ex ecuted in both parties, nnd in the discus sion, therefore, has not looked to rights, which we might assert, independently of tiie treaty, in consideration ot our geo graphical position nnd of other circumstan ces, which create (or ns relations to the Central American Slates, ddE-runt from those of any government of Europe. Tiie British government, in its Inst coni mnnißiitfoii, iilthongh well knowing tho views of the United States, still declares that it sues no reason why a conciliatory spirit may not enable the two governments to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory adjustment oftlie subject. Assured of the correctness of the enn striioiloii of the treaty constantly adhered to by this government, nnd resolved to in sist on tin* lights ot the United Slates, yet actnnt d also by tiie same desire which is avowed by the British government, to re move all causes ol loisuudurslaiiditig be tween two nations associated by so many ties of Interest and kindred, it lias appeared to me proper not to consider an amicable Solution hopeless. There Is, however, reason to apprehend tint, with Great Britain in (lie actual occu pation ol the disputed territories and tiie treaty therefore, practically null, so fur as regards our rights, tills International diffi culty cannot long remain undetermined, wiihnnt involving in serious danger tho friendly relations, which it Is the interest as well ns tiie doty of both countries to cherish and preserve. It will nflotd mo sincere gratification, if future efihrls shall result in the success, anticipated heretofore w ith more confidence than tiie aspect of tho cose permits mu now to entertain. RECRUITMENT. ' Ono other subject of discussion between (bo United States and Great Britain has grown out of tho attempt, which tho exigen cies of tho war hi which she Isongogerl with Russia induced Iter to moke, to draw re cruits tiom the Uniu-d States. It is (lie traditional and settled policy of tiie United States to maintain impartial neu trality during tiie wars which hom time to time, occur among (hn great powers of the world. Performing ullilie duties of neu trality towards tho respective beligerent States, ne may reasonably expect them not to interfere with our lawful enjoyment ol its bunedtH. Notwithstanding (lie existence of such hostilities, our citizens retain the in (ihidnal right to continue all their accus tomed pm-Aiiiis. by laud or by sen. at liutno or abroad subject indy to such restrictions in tins relation us the li.ws of war. Ihe usage <>( nations or special treaties may Impose; and it in our am *• reign rigid that onr terri tory ami jurisdiction mIihII not be invaded by either ol (lie beligerent parlies, for tiie Irm.mi of their arniieH. Ihe o|KT.>tions ol their fleets, the levy ot troops tor I heir ser vice, the tilling out of ernisei* by oragainst either, or any other act <>r incident ot war. And these undeniable rights ol neutrality, individual and national, (ho United Slates will, under no circumstances, surrender. l ii pursuance <>f this policy, tlie laws of tlic Untied SlntcH do nut lorhid tlieircili tuiiB to sell to either of ihe ludligeifiit pow ers articles, contraband of war. or to lake munitions of war or soldier* on hoard their private ships for transportation, and al though, In so doing, (he individual citir.cn exposes his property or portion to aonie of the Imznids of wur. his nets do not involve any breach id national neutrality, nor of thenmd ve» implicate tile government. Tims, during the progress of the present war in Europif, our citizens have, without national responsibility therefore, sold gunpowder and arms to all buyers, regardless of the desti nation of (hose articles. Onr merchant men have been, and still continue to he largely employed by Grunt Britain and France, in liansporting hoops, provisions, mid munitions of war to (lie principal sent of military operations, and in bringing home (heir sick and wounded soldiers, hut such usu of our mercantile murine is not Inter dicted either by the international, or by our municipal law, and therefore does not com proinil our ticiilral relations with Hussia. But our municipal law, in accordance w ilh the law ol nnllons. peremptorily forbids, md only foreigners, but our own citizens, to (it out, within the limits of the United Stales, a vessel to commit hostilities against any State with which thu United Slates are ut pcucu, or lo increase (lie force of any for eign armed vessel intended fur such hostili ties against a friendly Statu. Whatever concern may have been felt by cither ofllio belligerent powers lest private armed cruisers, or other vessels, in the ser vice of one, might be fitted out In the ports of this country to depredate on thu properly of thu other, all such fears have proved to bo utterly groundless. Out citizens have been withheld from any such act or purpose by good faith, and,by re«P?«l f° r *l»o While the laws pi Urn Union jiro thus per emptory in their prohibition of the cqulp munl or armament of belligerent cruisers in our ports, tboj* provide not less absolutely that t.o person shall, within the territory or Jurisdiction of the United Stales, enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the limits nr Jurisdiction of the United Status with Intent to !>o enlisted or entered, In the service of sny foreign state, either as a soldier, or ssa marine or seaman on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer. And these enactments are also in strict conform ity with the law of nations, which deolar* s, that no state has the right to raise troops tor land or soa service In anothurstatu with out its consent, and that, whether forbidden by the municipal Iqw or not, thu very at tempt to do it, without, such consent, Is an attack on the national sovereignty, Such being (ho public rights and the mu nicipal law of the United States, no solici tude on the subject was entertained by this government, when, a year since, the British Parliament passed an act to provide for tho enlistment of foreigners in the military sor “OUR COUNTRY—MAT IT ALWAYS BE RtOHT —BUT Riant OR WRONG, OUR COUNTRY.” vice of Great Britain. Nothing on the face [ oftlionct, or in its public Idstoiy, indica ted that the British government proposed to attempt recruitment in the United Stales; nor did it ever give Intimation of such In tention to tills government. It was matter of surprise, therefore, to find, subsequently, llmt the engagement of persons within (lie United States to prececal to Halifax, in the British province ol Nova Scotia, nnd there enlist In Hie service of Great Britain, was going on extensively, with little or no dis guise. Ordinary legal steps were imme diately taken to arrest and punish parties concerned, and so put an end to acts Infring ing tiie municipal law nnd derogatory to our sovereignty. Meanwhile suitable rep resentations on tiie subject were addressed to the British Government. Thereupon It became known, by the ad mission of the British government itself, that the attempt to draw recruits from this country originated with it, or at least had its approval nnd sanction; but it also ap peared that the public agents engaged in it bod “ stringent Instructions” not to violate Lite municipal law of Ihe United States. It is difficult to understand bow it should have been supposed that troops could bo raised here by Great Britain, without viola tion of tiie municipal law. The unmistaka ble object of tbe law whs to pro unt every such act, which, if performed, must be eith er in violation ot the law, or in studied eva sion ot it; and in either alternative, the net done would bo alike injurious to tiio sov ereignty of the United Staten. In (lie meantime, the matter acquired ad ditional importance, by their recruitments in the United Statcsnotbeingdlscontinucd, and tiio disclosure of tiie fact Unit (bey were prosecuted upon n systematic plan devised by official authority ; that recruiting rendez vous had been opened in onr principal ci ties, and depots tor tiie reception of recruits established on our frontier; and the "hole business conducted under the supervision and by tbe regular co-operation of British officers, civil and military, some in the North American provinces, and some in tiie United Stales. Tiie complicity of those of ficers in an undertaking, which could only be accomplished by defying our laws, throw ing suspicion over onr attitude of neutrali ty, and disregarding onr territorial rights, is conclusively proved by Iho evidence o lici(ed on the trial of such of their agents as have been apprehended and convicted.— Some oftlie officers thus implicated are of high officiil position and many of them be yond onr jurisdiction, so that legal proceed ings could not reach tiie source of (lie mis chief. These considerations, and the fact that the cause of comp! tint was not a mere cas ual occurrence, but ft deliberate design, en tered upon with full knowledge of our laws and national policy, and conducted hy re sponsible public ftmrliotuirioM. impelled mu to present tiio case to the Biitlnh govern ment, in order to secure not only u cessa tion ol the wrong but its reparation. Tbe subject is still tinder discussion, tbe result of which will bo communicated to you in due timo. DRITISn AMERICAN RFIXATIONS. I repeat tho recommendation submitted to tho lust Congress, that provision bo made for thu appointment ofa commissioner, ip connection with Great Britain, to fctirvuy and establish the boundary line which di vides Washington Territory from tho con tiguous British possessions. By reason of tiie extent and importance of the country in dispute, there has been imminent d mgei of collision between tho subjects of Great Bri tain and tho citizens of (lit* United Slates, including (heir respective authorities in that quarter. Tile prospect of a speedy arrange ment has contributed hitherto to induce on both sides forbearance to assert by force wind each claims as a rigid. Continuance of delay on (lie part of tiie two governments to act in the matter will increase tin* dan gers and difficulties ol the controversy. Misuudeistanding exist as to the extent, character and v.dne ol I he p. .saesson rights of the Hudson'» Hat Company and tie- prop erty ol ihe Puget's S' Agnct.hur.il Company, reserved in our in-sl) with Or. ut Britain relative to the Terrilot\ ol I have reason to believe that a session ol the rights of both companies lo the United Slates, which would lie (lie readiest me ms ot teimmatlng all questions can lie obtain ed on reasonable terms, nnd with a view to tin* end. 1 present the subject to the atten tion ol Congress. Tiie colony of Newfoundland, having en acted the laws required by tbe treaty ot the 6lh of Juno, 18>4. is now placed on thu same fooling. In respect In commercial in tercourse with tiie United Slates, as the oth er British North American provinces. Tho commission, which that treaty con templated, (or determining the rights of fishery in rivers and mouths of rivers on thu coast of the United States and (he British North American provinces, lias been organ ized and has commenced its labors ; to com plete which there is needed further appro priations for tiie service of another season. In pursuance of the authority, conferred by a resolution of the Senate ot tiie United Slates.’passed on the fid ol March lust, no tice was given to Denmark, on ihe 141 h day of April, of thu intention ol this govern ment to avail itself of the stipulation of the subsisting convention of friendship, com merce, and navigation between that King dom and the United Stales, whereby either parly might, a Her tun years, terminate tiio same til tiio expiration o( one year (rum tiie dale of notice tor Hist purpose. Tiie considerations w lilch led mo to call tiio attention ol Congress tu that conven tion, and induced the Senate tu adopt thu resolution referred to, still continue in fnl) force. The convention contains an article, which, although it does not directly engiae thu United Stales to submit to the Imposi tion ot tolls on the veasuls and cargoes of AmerlcHim passing into or from (he Baltic sea, during the continuance of the treaty, yet may, by pusBib{Uty,'bu construed as Im plying such submission. Tbe exaction of (hose tolls not being Justified l>y any prin ciple of international law. It becamo the right and thu duty of thu United States to relievo themselves froth (ho implication of engagement on the subject, eo as lo bo per fectly free to act in the premises in such way as their public interests and honor shall demand. I remain of tiio opinion that (lie United States ought not to submit to the payment el the Sound dues, not so much because of their amount, which Is a secondary matter, but because it is In effect the recognition of the right of Denmark lo treat one of the great maritime high ways of nations ns a close sea, and (lie navigation of it as a priv ilege fur which tribute may bo Imposed upon (hose who have occasion to use It. This government, 4 ,0 n • former occasion not unlike the present, signalized its deter mination to maintain the freedom oftho scan, and ol tho grout natural channels of navigation. The Birbary Suites had, for a long time, coerced tho payment of tribute from all nations whoso ships frequented tho Mediterranean. To Iho last demand of such payment made by them, Dm United States, although suffering less by their dep redations than many other nations, return ed the explicit answer, that we preferred war to tribute, and thus opened tho way to the relief of tho commerce of tiio world from so ignomincus tsr, to long submitted CARLISLE, PA,, THURSDAY, JANUARY 10,1856, to by tho more powerful nations of Europe. If tiio manner of payment df, the Sound dues differ from that of the tribute former ly concedrd-to tho Barbary States, still their exaction hy Denmark has no belter foundation in right. Each wss in its origin nothing but a tax on a common.nfttnr.il right, extorted by those, who were at that time able to obstruct tiio free and secure enjoy ment of it, but who no longer possess that power. . Denmark, while resisting our assertion of tiio freedom of the Bailie Sound and Beits, has indicated a readiness to make some new arrangement on (ho, subject, and has invited tiio governments interested, includ ing the United States, to bo represented In a convention to assemble iof itho purpose of receiving and considering ff proposition, which she intends to submlt r 4ier the cap italization oftlie Sonnd dues, and this dis tribution of the sum to bo paid os commuta tion among tiie governments.,according to tiie respective proportions of (heir maritime commerce tu and from I have declined in behalf of Ihe-flHlff States to accept tills invitation, cogent reasons. One is, (bat Denmark does not offer to submit to the conventipn tiie ques tion of hut* right to levy tho Sqand dues.— A sejond Is. that, if tho convention were allowed to take cognizance of (hat particu lar question, still it would not lie compe tent to deal with tiio 'great international principle involved, which Rflects the right in oilier erases of navigitlon and commercial freedom, as well as that ’of access to tho Baltic. Above all by the express terms of tiie proposition. It is contemplated that tiio consideration of tho Sound dues shall ho commingled with, and made subordinate to. a mutter wholly extraneous! the balance of power qnmng tho governments of Europe. While, however, rejecting this proposi tion, and insisting on tiio free trans it into and from tho Baltic, I have express ed In Denmark a willingness, on the part of the United Slates, to share liberally with other powers in compensating her tor any advantages which commerce shall hereafter derive from expenditures made by her for tho improvement and safety ol the naviga tion of the Sound or Belts. I lay before you, herewith, sundry docu ments on the subject, in which my views are more fully disclosed. Should no sat isfactory arrangement he soon concluded, 1 shall again call your attenfioh to tiie sub ject, with recommendation of such meas ures as may- appear to bo requind in order to assert and secure the rightsdftlie United States, so far ns they are affected by the pretensions of Denmark- veanoe. .lannounco with much gratifitatwo, (bit, ■ since the adjournment of the last Congress, tiie question, then existing between tills go vernment and that of France, respecting tho French consul nt San Francisco, baa been satisfactorily determined, nnd that tho rela ‘tioiiH of (lie two governments coniinuuto be of the most friendly nature. orekob. : A question, also, which Ims been ponding for several years between tiie United Staten and the Kingdom ol Greece, graving outof the sequestration, by thu puidis authorities bf that country, of propcrlyfrpelonglng lo the present American Consul atAthutis, and UliTcffhad been the subject flfyi'Hf earnest discussion heretofore, has recently been Mb (ted to (he sitlsfiction oftho party Interest ed and of both governments. With Spain, peaceful relations are still mai'itiiioeil. and s<>nit* pr-igr -as lias been made in s. curing (lie reilia sv of wrongs com plained I'Ctiv this government. Spain lias not (inl\ disavowed and di.Hippmved Out conduct of the officers who 111 eg illy seized and detained (lie stunner Blick Warrior at Hav-ani. Ittit lus also paid (lie sum claimed as inil niinity lor the loss thereby inflicted on cin/ens ol llie United Slates. In consequence ol » destructive hurricane which visited Ouli.l in 18(4. the supreme nnthorilv of ihat island issued a decree, p-rmitting (lie importation, for (be peiiod olnlv months, of certain building mated.ils ami provisions, liee ol doty, lull revoked it when halt tin- period only bad elapsed, to the injure of citizens ol the U. Slates, "bo bid proceeded to >el on (tie I’tilh ot Ihat decree. Tiie Sp tni-h government refused irnletnniticalKMi to the parties aggrieved un til recently, "lien it w.is assented to. pay ment being premised lu be made so soon us (he amount due can lie ascertained. Satisfaction claimed tor tho arrest nnd search of the steamer El Dorado has notTet linen accorded, hut there is reason to be lieve Hint it will be, and that case,-with ol ti ers. continues to lie urged on thu attention of (he Spanish government. Ido not aban don the bop* of concluding with Spain sonic general arrangement, which, if it do not wholly prevent the recurrence of difficulties in Cn ba u ill render I tie in less frequent, nnd whenever they shall occur facilitate their more B|>ocdy settlement. The interposition of this government has been invoked hy ninny ot ils citizens, on ac count of injuries dune to their persons and properly, for which tho Mexican Republic is responsible. The unhappy situation of that country, for some time past, has not allowed its go renunent to give duo consid eration to claims of private reparation, and has appeared to call for and Justify some forbearance in such matters on tho psrt of Oils government. But, if the revolutionory movements which Imvo lately occurred in that Republic, end in thu organization of a stable government, urgent appeals to its justice will then lie made, and, it may be hoped, wilii success, toi tho redress of all complaints ol onr citizens. CENTRAL AMERICA. In regard to tiio American republics, which, from*thuir proximity, ami other con siderations. Imvo peculiar relations to tills government, while It lus boon my constant aim strictly to observe all tiio obllgotlons of iMilitlotl friendship and of good neighbor hood, obstacles to this huvo uriaon In some ot them from tliolr own Insufficient power to chock lawless irruptions, which In effect throws much oftlie tusk on tho U. Stales. Thus it is Hint tho distracted internal con dition of tho State of Nicaragua lias roado it Incumbent on mo to npponl to thu good faith,of our citizens to abstain from unlaw ful intervention la its ofiairs, and to adopt preventive measures to tiio samoond,which, on a similar occasion, had the beat results in reassuring thu peace of tiio Mexican States of Sonora and Lower California, TREATIES. Since tiie last session ol Congress, a trea ty of amity, commerce and navigation, and for the surrender of fugitive criminals, with the kingdom of tho Two Sicilies i a treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation with Ntoiragua; and a convention of commer cial reciprocity with the Hawaiian kingdom have boon negotiated. Tho latter kingdom and tho State of Nicaragua have also ao cooded to, a declaration, recognizing ns in ternational rights (lie principles contained In the convention between the United States and,Russia, of (lie 2isd of July* Those truiuios’nnd conventions will bo laid before th.o tyr ratification. . TniAit’aT. Tiio statement made In my last annual message, respecting tho anticipated receipts and oxpondunroa of tiio Treasury, have boon substantially verified. It appears from the report of the Soorsla- ry of the Treasury, that tho receipts during tho lust fiscal year, ending June BU, 1865, from all sources, were sixty-five millions three IhoiiHaud nine hundred and thirty dol lars ; and that the public expenditures for the same period, exclusive of payments on account of tho public debt, amounted to fifty-six million three hundred and sixty five thousand three hundred and ninety three dollars. During (he same period, (lie payments made In redemption of Hie public dobt, Including interest and premium, amounted lo nine million eight hundred ami forty-four thousand five hundred and twen ty-eight dollars. Tho balance in the Treasury at the be ginning ol the present fiscal year, July 1, 1056, was eighteen million nine hundred and thirty-one thousand nine hundred and soventy-six dollars; the receipts tor the first quarter and the estimated receipts tor tiie remaining three quarters, amount to gether, to sixty-seven million nine hundred and eighteen thousand seven hundred and thirty four dollars; thus affording in all, as thu available resources of the current fiscal year, tho sum of eiglity-six million eight hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hun dred and ten dollars. If, to tiio actual expenditures of the cur rent fiscal year, bo added Ihe probable ex penditures fur tiie remaining three quar ters, as estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury, the sum total will be seventy-one million two hundred and twenty six thou sand eight hundred and forty-six dollars, thereby leaving an estimated balance in tho Treasury on July 1, 1850. of fifteen million six hundred and twenty-tiiree thousand eight hundred nnd bixty-lbreo dollars and forty-one cents. In Hie above estimated expenditures of (he present lineal year are included three million dollai* to meet the last instalments of the ten millions provided fur in (lie late treaty with Mexico, and seven millions sov en hundred and fifty thousand dollars ap propriated on account of the debt due to Texas, which two suras make an aggregate amount of ten million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and reduce the ex penditures, actual or estimated for ordina ry objects oftlie year, to tiie sum of sixty million four hundred and seventy-six thou sand dollure. The amount of the public debt, at Hie commencement of tbe present fiscal year was forty million five hundred and eighiy threu thousand six hundred and thirty.one dollars, and, deduction being made o! sub sequent payments. Hie whole public debt of tiie federal government remaining at this lime is less thin forty million dollars. Tho remnant of certain oilier government stocks, amounting to two hundred and forty three thousand dolliirs referred to in my Inst message as outstanding, lias since been paid. I am fully persuaded Hint it would bo dif ficult to devise a system superior to that, by which thu fiscal business of Hie govern ment is now conducted. Notwithstanding Hie great numborof agents of collection and disbursement, it is belelved that tiie checks and guards provided, including thu require ment of monthly returns, render it scarcely possible for any considerable fraud on thu ,D,irt of those agents, or neglect involving Tiosßard'or soriomt public loss,' to escape detection. I renew, however! (ho rocoro- - ihondiiflon, heretofore, made hy mo, of (ho enactment of a law declaring It felony on t lie pirt of public officers to insert fiisc on- Iriui in (heir books of record or account, or to make false returns, and also requiring them on the termination of their service lo deliver to their successors nil books, rec ords. and other oljecls ol ft public nature in their custody. Derived as our public re'cnuo is. in chief p.Mt, from duties on imports, its magnitude atbuds gratif) mg evidence ol the prosperi ty, not ouly of our commerce, but qj Hie other gieat interests upon which that de |..n.lj. Thif principle that all moneys not requir ed lor the current expenses of the govern ment should rein,un for active employment In the hamls«ot Hie people, and Hie cm acious tact Hi it the annual revenue from all sources exceeds, by mmy millions of dol lars, the amount needed for a prudent and economical adiuioislr.ilion ol public atiuirs, cannot fail to suggest the propriety of un early revision and reduction of the tanfl of duties on imports ll is now so generally conceded Hi it Ihe purpose of revenue atone cm justify the imposition ol duties on mi ports, I but, in readjusting tiie impost table and schedules, which unquestionably re quire esHcnli U modifications, a departure from the present tariff Is not anticipated. Tho army, during the past year, has born actively engaged in defending Hi* Indian frontier. Hie state oftlie service permitting but few and smalt garrisons in onr perma nent fortlfloati'.iis. The additional regi ments authorized at (bo last session ol Congress have been recruited anti organiz ed, and a large portion ot Hie troops have already been sent lo the field. All the du ties which devolve on Hie military estab lishment have been satisfactorily performed aud tbe dangers and prh ations incident to tbo character ol the service requited of our troops, have fnniished additional evidence ol their courage, zeal and capacity to meet any requisition which Hiolr country may make upon them. For Ihe details ol Hie military operations, the distribution of (bo troops, ami additional provisions required torlhe military service, I retor to tiie re port of the Secretary of War and Hie accom panying documents. Experience, gathered from events which have transpired since nfy last annual mes sage, has tint served to confirm Hie opinion tlion expressed of the propriety of making provision, hy a retired list, fbr disabled offi cers, and for Increased compensation fbr tho officers retained on the list for active ser vice. All the reasons which existed, whefr these measures were recommended on for mer occasions, continue nithoilt modifica tion, except so fur as circumstances have given to some of (hem additional force. Tiio recommendations, heretofore mode for ft partial reorganization of the army, are also renewed. The thorough elemen tary education given to those officers who commence their service with the grade of cadet, qualifies them, too considerable ex tent, to perform Hie duties ot every arm of tho service but to give the highest effica cy to artillery, requires Hie practice and special study of many years; and it Is not, Ihurcforo, believed lo be advisable to main tain, in time of peace, a larger force of Hint arm Hum can bo usually employed ‘" Hie duties appertaining to the service of field and siege artillery. Tiio duties of Hie stall - In all Its various branches belong to the movements of troops and tho efficiency of an army in the field would materially depend upon the ftbllKy with which those duties are discharged, ll is not, ns In Che case oftlie artillery, a spe ciality, but requires, also, on intimate knowledge of tho duties of an officer of tho lino, and It is not doubted that, to complete the education of on officer lor olflicr tho line or tho General stall, it Is desirable (h it lie shall have served In both. With this view, it was recommended on ft former oc casion that tho duties of tho staff should bo mainly performed by details from tho lino ; and. with convlcllrtn ol tho advantages which would result from such s change, It AT 52,00 PER ANNUM, NO. 31 is again presented for the consideration of Congress. The report of the Secretary of the Navy, herewith submitted exhibits in lull the na val operations of the past year, together with the present condition of Hie service, and it makes suggestions of further legisla tion, to which your attention is invited. The construction of the nix steam frig ates, for which appropriations wore made by the last Congress, has proceeded in the most satisfactory manner, and with such ex pedition, as to warrant the belief that they will bo ready for service early in the com ing spring. Important as (his Addition to our naval force is, it still remains inade quate to the contingent exigencies of (ho protection of (he extensive sea coast anil vast commercial interests of the United Stales. In view of this fact, and of the ac knowledged wisdom of the policy ol a grad ual and systematic increase of the navy, an appropriation is recommended for the con struction of six steam sloops of-war. In regard to (he sti-ps taken in execution ol the act of Congress to promote the efll ciency of (he navy, it is unto cessary lor roe to say more than to express entire con currence in the observations on tb it subject presented by the Secretary in his report. Il will be perceived I*3* the report of the Post-nuster Gener.il, (li.it (lie gruas expend iture of the department f>>r the list fisc 1 1 year ivm nine million nine hundred and sixty-eight thou sand lluee hundred and forty-two dollars, and the gross receipts seven million three hundred and forty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-sis dol liirs. making an excess of expenditure over receipts ol tun million six hundred and twenty six thousand two hundred and six dollars; and that the cost of mail transporta tion dnring that year was six hundred and seventy-four thousand nine hundred and fifty-two dollars grenlei than the previous year. Much of the hem y expenditures to which (he Treasury is thus subjected, is to be ascribed to the large quantity of print ed matter conveyed by the mills, either franked, or liable to no postage by law, or to very low rates of postage compired with that charged on letters ; ami to the great cast of mail service on railroads and by ocean steamers. The suggestions of the Postmaster General on the subject deserve the consideration of Congress. iim.nion. Tlic* report of the Secretary of tlie Tnlo rior will engage your attention, us well for the useful suggestions it cnt.ims, ns furtho interest and importance of the su'-jecU to which they refer. The aggregate amount of pnb’ic Isnj^W during the List fiscal year, loomed itary scrip or land warrants, t ikcu-up under grants for roads, and selected rot swamp lands by States, is twenty four million five hundred and fifty-seven (lions uul four hun dred and nine acres; of which the portion sold was fifteen million seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand five hundred and twenty-four acres, yielding >" receipts the sum of eleven million lour hundred and eighty-five thousand three hundred and eighty dollars. In the name period of lime, eight million seven hundred and twenty three thousand eight hundred and fifty-four acres have burn surveyed i hut, In consider ation oniio quantity nlrontty •object to en try. no additional tracts have been brought info market. The peculiar relation o I the general gov ernment to tin* Dmrici o 1 Columbia renders It proper Io commend to jour cure not only its material, but blho its moiul interests, including educttion. more especially in those pirtsol th.< district outside of tit® Cities ot Washington and Greorgolovvti. The commissioners appointed to revise and codify the laws of the District have made sue It progress in the performance of their task, as to insure its completion in the lime prescribed by the act ot congress. Information has recently been received, that the jicace of the settlements in the Ter ritories of Oregon an 1 Washington is dis turbed by hostilities on the part of the In dians, with indications of extensive combi nations ol n hostile character among the tribes In that quarter, the more serious in their possible effect by reason of the unde termined foreign interests existing in those Territories, to which your attention his al ready been especially invited. Kllicienl measures ha\e been taken, winch, it is be lieved. will restore quiet, and alloid piutec tion lo our citizens. In tiie Territory of Kansas, llioro hive been hets prejudicial to good order, but as jet none hove occurred under circumstan ces to justify the interposition of the feder al Executive. Tint could only be in case of obstruction fo federal taw, or ul oigan ired resistance to territorial law, assuming tin l rhinrlcr of insurrection, which, H it should occur, it would be my dull prompt ly to ovtncome and suppress Irbemli the hope, however, that the occurrence of any such untoward event will b« prevented by the sound sense ol the people ol tbo Terri tory. w ho. by its organic law. possessing lbe rigid lo dt'lvi mine their own domestic insti tutions, aiu entitbd. while dopmting them selves peaeelnll), to the lice uxejclse ol that right, and must be protected in (he en joyment of it, without Interference on the part ol the citizens ol any ol the Slates. Tire southern boundary lino of the Tetri tnrv lias never been surveyed and estab lished The rapidly extending settlements in that region, and the tact that the main route between Independence, in the State of Missouri, and New Mexico, is contigu ous to this line, suggest the prohihililv that am ha missing questions ot Jurisdiction may consequently arise. For these and other considerations, t commend the subject to j our early attention. CONSTITt'TION At. Til EOli T Of TIIF OOVEfI SH E!»T. I have thus passed In review the general stale of the Union, Including Mich particu lar concerns of llio federal gov eminent, whether of domestic or foreign relation, us it appeared to mo desirable arid useful lo bring In (he special notice of Congress Unlike the great Slates of Europe and Asia, and many of those of America, these Uni ted States arc vvasling theirslrength neither in foreign war nor domestic strifb. What ever of discontent or public dissatisfaction exists, ia attributable to (ho imperfections of human nature, or ia incident to all gov ernments, howover perfeetj which human wisdom can devise. Such subjects of po litical agitation, as occupy (ho public mind, consist to a great extent of exaggeration of Inevitable evils, or over Real l» social Im provement, or mere imagination of griev ances, having lint remote connection with any oftlic constitutional ructions or duties of the lederal government. To whatever extent these questions exhibit a tendency menacing to the stability of the Constitu tion or the Integrity of the Union, and no farther, thoy demand the consideration of the Executive, and require to ho presented bj him to Congress. Before the Thirteen Colonics became ft confederation of Independent Slates, they wore associated only by community of trans* atlnulio origin, by geographical position, and by the mutual tie of common dcj»en donco on Great Britain. When that no was sundered, they severally assumed the powers and rights of. absolute self I?°'°™' ment. The municipal and social Institu tin'* of each. Its laws of and of personal relation, oven Its political organl* cation, wore such only as each one chose ta establish, wholly without interference from any other. In tho language of the Deeli* ration of Independence, each State, bad “ full power to lory war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and 1 to do all other acts, and things which lode* * pendent States may of right do.” Tho serf oral colonics differed In climate, in soil, ld. ' natural productions, in religion, in syste&Lfu of education, In legislation, and iotheibrmfe, of political administration; and they con>: tinned to dlßor In these respects when they, voluntarily allied themselves as States tt) carry on the war of tho revolution* Tho object of that war was to disenthral the United Colonies from foreign rule r Whlebi had proved to bo oppressive, and to SBpO* rate them permanently from the inothefr country; tho political result was the fonh* dotion of afedorat republic of tho tree white men of the colonies, constituted, as they were, in distinct, and reciprocally indepen* ■? dent State'Governments. As fbr the inte jeet races, whether Indian or African, (be wise and hrnvo statesmen of that dsy, be* ing engaged in no oxtravogont' echcino of social change, left them os they wore,-and thus preserved themselves and their poster* Itv from the nnnrchy, and tho ever-fcctir** ring civil wars, which hate prevailed in oth er revolutionized European colonies of A- m erica. When (be confederated States fonnd Ifc convenient to modify tbecondilions of their association, by giving to the general gov* eminent direct access. In some respects,’ to the people of tho States, instead of-confin ing It to action on the States as such, they proceeded to frame tho existing constitu- tion. adhering steadily to one guiding thought, which wna, to delegate only snefi power ns was necessary and proper to tha execution ot specific purpose?, or, in other words, to retain ns much as possible, con sistently with those 1 purposes, of the inde pendent powers of the Individual States.— For objects of common defence and seenri ly. (hey intrusted to the general govern ment certain carefully defined functions, leoMiig nil oth-TB as the undclegated right* of the separate independent Sovereignties. Such is the constitutional thfeoty of our government, the practical observance of wliirh has carried us, and us alone, among modem republics, through nearly three gen- orations of time, without the cost of one drop of Mood shed in civil war. dnni and concert of action. It has enabled us to contend .successfully on the battle-field against foreign foes, has elevated thefeebl* colonies Into powerful States, and has nised onr industrial productions, and our commerce which transports them, to (h* level of the richest and the greatest nations of Europe. And the admirable adaptation of onr political institutions to their objects, combining local self-government with ag gregate strength, has established the prac ticahiliiy of n government like onrs tocover a continent with confederate States. The Congress of the United States is. in e 1 fed. that congress of sovereignties, which good -• nun m the Old World have fought could never nttaiu. and wl|jch imparls to A im-rica an exemption from leagues fur cmmnnn tforJrlrs, the mutual invaN’ons, nnd-^htgue'’ inspirations after the balance of power, which convulse from time to Mine the governments of Europe. Our co-op erative in the conditions of nepi confederation prescril>cd by the constlth tion Onr balance ol power is in the separate reserved rights of the States, and their equal representation in the Senate. That independ ent .sovereignty in every one of the States, with ns reserved rights of local self-government as sured to each by their co-equal power in the Senate, was the fundamental condition of the constitution. Without ’li the Union would never have existed. However desirous the lar ger Stales might be to re-organize the govern ment so as to give to their popnlalion ita pro portionate weight in the common counßols.tbey Knew it was impossible, unless they conceded io the smaller ones authority “to exercise at least a negative influence on all the measures of the government, whether legislative or execu tive. through their roual representation in tbd Senate. Indeed, the larger. States themselves could not have failed to perceive, that the same power was equally necessary to them, for the security of their own domestic interests against the aggregate force of the general government In a word, the original States went into this permanent league on the agreed promises, of 1 exerting their common strength for the defence of the whole, and of all its parts ; but of ut terly excluding all capability of reciprocal ag gression Each solemnly bound itself to all the others, neither to undertake, nor permit, am encroachment upon, or intermeddling with, another's reserved rights. When* it was deemed expedient, particular rights of the States were expressly guaranteed by the constiuiiion : but. in all things beside, these rights were guarded by the limitation of the powers granted, and by express reservation of all powers not granted, in the compact of union. Thus, the great power of taxation was limited to pm poses of common defence and general welfare, excluding objects appertain ing to the local legislation of the several States: ond those purposes of general welfare Sod com mon difence weie afterwards deQncd by speci fic enumeration, as being matters only of core* lation Ivtivcvn the Stales themselves, or be- 1 tween them and foreign governments, which, U-cnusc of then common and general nature, could not be left to the separate control of each Slate Of the nrrmnstaneca of local condition, in lere-t. ami right* in which a portion of the Slates cniMiinting one great section of the Union diflered from the rest, and from another section the most important was the peculiarity of a laiger relative colored population in the southern than in the northern States. A population of ihis cl*- - * held In subjection; existed in nearly all tlie Stales, but was more nnnieimiH ami of more serious concernment in tiie South than in the North, on account of na tural ilillirencv* of cliniaicand prodhctiOh; And it wn* foreseen I)mt. for (he same reasons, while tin* population would dimmish, and; -ooncr or later, coa.se to exist in some States, it might met caw m others. The (icculiar char n.-ier and magnitude of this question of loefti right' not in material relations omy. but still more in social ones caused it to enter into the ,|ms-uil Hiipiilatmns of the constitution. Hence, while the general government, as well liv the enumerated powers granted to it. as by those not enumerated and therefore refused to it. was forbidden lo touch this matter, in the sense of attack or oflence it was placed under the general safeguard uf the Union, in the sens* of defence against either invasion or domestic violence like nil other local interests of Ihe several States. Each State expressly Stipula ted ns well for itself as for each and all of its citizens and every citizen of etch SthtO, be came solemnly bound by Ids allegiance to thd constitution, that any person, held to Bcryicooir labor in one State, escaping into another .should not, in consequence of any law or regulation thereof, be discharged from such service or la bor, but should be delivered Up pn cUhn of lh« party lo whom such service or labor tnighv bo due l>y the laws of his State. thus, and thus only, oy the reciprocal guar anty of all the rights of every State against id tcrurenco on the part of another, teas the pre sent form of government established by'our fathers, and transmitted lo us; and by nootb cr means is it possible for it to exist. If 006 Stale ceases to respect the rights of another, and obtrusively intermeddles with its loci! ih* tcrest r—if a portion of tiro States assume 10 Ito* pose their insiitotiv/ns On the others, or refuse to fulfill their obligations to tbvro—** • r ® *J® longer united friendly States, but detracted, hostile ones with little capacity left of Com mon advantage, bill abundant means Of recip rocal injury and mischief. Practically, it is Immaterial whether slvo interference between the otates. or deliber ate refusal on the part of any one of them to comply with constitutional obligations, ariso from erroneous conviction or blipd prejudice, whether it be perpe rated by direction or rridfof rcctiou. In either case, it is fufl of tbfcatjM (Concluded oa Fourth Pug**) With free*
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