.amlmcaa^tolunteeb. rut&ipaKß eveut thursdat ito&ttuta st Jpiui B. Bratton. TERMS : Stfoflo»ipTi6H*~ODO Dollar and Fifty Cents, prid in advance; Two Dollars if paid within the ydArt'ahd<Two-Dollars and Fifty Cents, If not paid'within the year.' These terms will bo rig idly Adhered to in every instance* No aubscrip (lon discontinued until .all arrearages are paid notes* At the option of the Editor. Advertisements— Accompanied by the oasq, and hot ozcecding;One square, .will be inserted three times fbr one Dollar, and twenty-five cents for each additional insertion;' Those of a great, er length in proportion.' ‘ Jon-PaiKTiNQ—Such os Hand-bills, Posting, hills. Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, &c., &c., exe cuted with accurary'and at the 1 shortest notice. ffoefltnl. Heart Historic*. UT HOBEIIT JOSSELYN. Once upon a time a roaldqn, ' Sat beneath a liawthorn tree. And her lover close beside her, Murmured.vows of constancy, fairer, sweeter than the blossoms, , ..Hanging over hor, was she, And her'heart within her bosom, Throbbed and glowed tumultuously. fiotb were ydung, and fond, and foolish, . Neither rich, the story, goes, Ala was proud, And Fa was mulish. Great their lores.and great their woes; 6q they kissed, and wept, and parted, Swearing to bo oyer true— Oiod the maiden broken hearted 1 .Was the lover faithful toot Pshaw t sho wed a wealthy banker, (Blander whispered she was sold ;) And no city damos out-rank her, With her pockets full of gold : QaeCn at every ball and party, Docked with laco and jewels rare, Looking-very fresh and hearty, Reigns the victim of despair. Ho—confound the lucky fellow— Took a widow twice hie years, Fat and forty, ripe and mellow, With a braco of‘Millie dears’* Big plantation, servants plenty, Splendid mansion, pomp and ease; Cared tho boyish love of twenty, That incurable disease. Learn from this you doting lover, . In your anguish, not to break Anything of greater value Than tho promises you make; Hearts were made to put in motion Blood that otherwise would cool; Pleasure, proflt, and promotion, Graduate at Cupid’s school. IN HOUR OP PEACE. How Calm, how beautiful comes on Tho stilly hour, when storms are gone I When warrior winds have died away, And clouds beneath (ho glancing ray Melt off, and leave tho land and soa Sleeping in brigiit tranquility— Fresh as if day again were born, Again upon the lap of niornl When the light blossoms, rudely torn, And scattered at tho whirlwind’s will. Hang floating in tho pure air still, Filling It all with precious balm,* In gratitude for this sweet calm; And every drop tho thunder showers. Have left upon the grass and flowers, Sparkles, as *t wore that lightning gem Whoso liquid flame is born of them I HiMllunmifl. A STRANGE STORY, THE ADVANTAGE OF LEGAL FORMS! In a small town in Saxony, lived three young men, whom wo will call Gcorgo, Ernest, ana Lewis, and who from theinnfancy were strong ly attached to each other. Gcorgo and Ernest were mere Hants; Lewis studied law, and prac ticed in his native place. One summer’s day Ernest and Gcorgo set {. out on horseback for a town about thirty miles off, where they had business to transact.— i Ernest was weak enough to be fond of discus aion with his friend on religious subjects, of h.' which they were of different opinions, and had \ warm disputes,' though George was as irritable ivf and passionate as ho himself was obstinate in y-- maintaining his notions. During the journey ft- Kmeat led the conversation to his unlucky to- tpio. They fell as usual, into a dispute which i vat kept up till they reached tbo inn where they agreed to dine. The dispute was contin !’V' uedorera bottle of wine, but with temper on ' . both sides : and tho travellers pursued their journey. Ernest renewed tho subject of their former conversation, and both rather elevated • VUh (he wine they had taken, tho dispute be ’.v; eome more and more violent as they proceeded. that by the time they had entered a wood which their road led, it had degcncra r-X'Sti into personality and abuse. > i George’s passion knew no bounds; uncon- Qoncinusof what ho did. ho pulled out a pistol .presented it to his companion. The pistol went off and Ernest full from hishorso, which, freigh* . v (eyied by tho report and relieved of bis rider, ■tampered away into tho wood. •• n-Gcorgo pal# as death, immediately alighted ;(0 assist his friend, who was weltering in his ’ .. blood; the paroxysm of passion was over, and bed given plaoo to bitter repentance. Ho to Ernest, who just then breathed his "•! Overwhelmed with despair and anguish, he ; J.MM his hair, and afterwards galloped back to . HkT village, to surrender himself into tho of justice as tho murderer of his friend, tfoU-hc might put a speedy end to his life ; vbicb.was now the most oppressive bunion to Tho officer to whom he delivered himself UpJlcOt-him undena guard to tho town whore /i..-jsw)fricnda resided. Tho body of Ernest, pockets wore found rifled, was also con - jMfm thither and intended. ’ 1 legal proceedings against George com lie repeated his confession before tho And implored a speedy death, Jlia ex- was closed, and ho was inform edthat at liberty to chooso an advocate to do as tho law requires; hut ho declined l*m] himself of the privilege, and with tears tßfrcmt the Court to hasten his execution. however, again urged to appoint an BQVOefcla to conduct his defence, ho named his tho same time,” said he ncc ds no defence: X wish only for fiubl ? t l t ° tho required formality, undertnko the bootless t«k..nd t w mo. for tho lost '7 t! T'.^ wU “‘•wd upon f ty h ' d ovor Men to Wl# ,«■*»- who, ° proicssional career Tho’ kh }° t 0 BtVO h ** unhappy of to make cvcrv to accomplish this end. ho objected that* EJrncat’u , hfd liMn committed to tho earth without any:|atrtOpa judicial examination and disscc tion. i.ThV'jiidgos replied that this ceremony »c«ncd[ , uitecccaHary and superfluous, ns the fourdcrhw.'voluntarily confessed tho deed; if fi* (thelocate) insisted on tho examination of tbo body, it should bo (aken up. By the . desire ofunris, this was accordingly done. ®“ r econ attended, nnd declared 'SSL^S^^® lllmd T nßScd riglit through tho must naturally ensue. Lewie tf* know if the ball wag still in tho ’ . Bur eeon sought for and found it; P‘°, ftdvocft lo Rent for tho pistol JJs , 1 10 dcedll »d been perpetrated, ami WW:w' drop tho ball into the barrel* It pKlfif BY JOHN B. BRATTON. VOL 41. seemed too large,' ho accordingly tried it in all possible ways, still.it would not go in;; • That this boll could not bo fired by that pis tol, was evident to every observer; the judges looked At one another and shook their heads.— There was not a person but had'completely made up his mind respecting tho'_ guilt of the prisoner; but this circumstance quite confound ed them all. The confession of the prisoner, made without the employment of the slightest fear or force, was corobcratcd by every circum stance that had previously come to light; the ball alone seemed to proclaim his innocence. Lewis began to conceive the strongest hopes, and was dearly overpowered with the excess of his extreme toy. Uc proposed the proceedings, togetherwith the ball and pistol, should bo sent to tho supremo tribunal, and that it might decide in this extraordinary affair. This proposal was the more readily accepted, os tho local court was puzzled how to act, and abso lutely unable to pronounce any judgment whatever. While.the papers were in the hands'of the supreme tribunal in the metropolis, a highway man, who bad shot and robbed a traveller on tho road not far from tho birth-place of his friends, was brought to that town. Convict ed by sufficient evidence, lie acknowledged hia crime; but this was not all, he confessed, on farther examination, that two months before he had murdered another man on tho same road. This circumstance had excited suspi cion, and being still further questioned, he re lated tho following particulars: “About that time f happened to be in a vil lage public bouse. Two men on horse-baclc came in after mo; I remarked that one of them had a heavy girblo filled with money fastened around his body underneath his waistcoat. I began to consider whether it was not possible to posses myself of this rich booty; but then how was this to be done, ns he bad a compan ion? However, thought Ito myself, I have a brace of good pistols. If I shoot one, the oth er will probably run away in a fright, and be fore he can give tho alarm and fetch witnesses to the spot, my fleet horse will have carried me far enough out of their reach; if. contrary to my expectation, the survivor should stand by his companion, what hinders mo from giv ing him the other ball? Such was my deter mination. which I resolved immediately to ex ecute. I had heart! them talking of the way they should take. 1 rode of! before, and having tied my horse to a tree, concealed myself in a thicket by the road side. No sooner had I ta ken my station than the travellers approached. They were disputing violently. I had already taken aim at the man with the girdle, when the other took out a pistol and discharged it at his companion. I fired at the same instant. My man fell just as tho other's ball whizzed past my car: ho then sprung from his horse, was engaged for a short time with bis dying fellow-traveller, and at the instant when I was going to fire he mounted again and galloped away. I had now time to rifle tho pockets of the deceased, and having done this, 1 rode ofl as fast as I could.” Ho described tho time, the place, and tho two travellers so minutely, that there remained* not the slightest .doubt of him having actually committed the murder of which George accus ed himself. The latter trembling with rago, fired at random, and was innocent of the death of his friend. The local tribunal transmitted all these par ticulars to the Supreme Court; tho proceed ings, with accompaniment, were retuned, and the hall exactly lilted tho pistols which were found upon the murderer at the time of his ap prehension. Let tho sympathizing reader now endeavor to form some conception of tho transport of Lewis on having saved his friend. Let him figure to himsclt the joy of George, when the painful consciousness of an atrocious crime was thus removed from his bosom. Ho was unan imously declared innocent of the murder; his passion cost him two months imprisonment; and it was long before his tears ceased to flow for his departed friend. Lewis begged the ball, the instrument of George’s deliverance, as a. memorial of the extraordinary event. The forms of legal proceedings may often seem troublesome and useless, but let them not be arraigned on that account. Now and then, indeed a criminal may through their means escape the punishment due to his guilt: but if In the course of a century, they save tho life of one Innocent person tho wisdom of the legislator ought to command our gratitude. Topping the Question. Jedediah Hodge was dead in love with tho beauteous Sally Hammond, but owing to an unconquerable feeling Of deflercnGC, ho had nev er been able to screw up his courage to tho sticking point absolutely requisite to enable him to inform her of his predilections. Three several times he had dressed up in his ‘Sunday go-to-mccting fixings,’ and made his way to her father's house, determined this time to do or die. But, unluckily, his courage oozed a way, and became 'small by degrees and beau tifully less.? as tho politicians say. till, when ho was fa'riy in her presence, ho was barely a blc to remark that it was-a warm evening.— Sally got tired at length of this old reiterated observation, and resolved to help him out of his predicament for, like a true woman she had not failed to perceive what Jedediah was try ing to come at ,but couldn’t. For the fourth time Jedediah came, but did not succeed any better. Salty commenced her attack by in forming him that Mary Somers, an intimate friend, was going to be married. ‘You don’t say so,’ said Jedediah, that being the only idea that occurred to him, except one. and that ho didn’t daro give utterance to. •Yes,* said Sally, ‘she’s going to be married next week. It seems rather queer that she should bo married before mo, considering eho’s a year younger.* Jedediah*s heart leaped up in his throat but ho didn’t venture to say anything. There was a pause, ‘Jedediah,’ resumed Sally, after a little hesi tation, ‘l’ll tell you something, if you’ll prom , ino certain true that you won't never tell any body.’ ‘No, I won’t,’ said Jedediah, stoutly, proud of the confidence reposed in him. ‘lt Isn’t much, after all,’ said Sally, casting down her eyes; ‘only a dream, and I don*t know whether I ought to tell you. after all,tho’ to bo sure, there wassomethingaboutyoulnit.’ *Do tell mo,’ pleaded Jedediah, his curiosity overcoming bis bashfulncss in a degree. ‘Butl’m afraid you’ll tell after all.' *No, I won’t, certain true. I hope I may bo horsewhipped if I do.’ ’Then—don’t look at mo, Jedediah, orl cant ™ dreamed that—you and I—l never shall bo able to toll you—that you and I were going to ho married tho day before Mary Somers! Jedediah started as if struck ,by a shook tica/ly a ?nn ' Q battery, and shouted enthusi mml!™ mll ' bj E °“ h ' if you U onlyBny th ° Of course Sally was astonished ,t this end ucn application of her dream, and could not bo lovo ho was in earnest. An length sho yielded her consent nnd her dream was verified at tho alter in less than a week. ’ Ladies that have bashful lovers, take heed!' “OUR COUNTRY—MAT IT ALWAYS BE RIGHT —BUT RIGHT OB WRONG, OUR COUNTRY.’ From Puinam’s Magazine. America for the Americans. An individual, marked under tho vulgar name of Sam, furnishes just now a good deal more than half tho pabulum wherewith certain legislators and journalists are fed. 'Whether ho is a mythical or real personage,—a Magus or a monkey,—nobody seems to know, but wo are inclined to regard him as real, because of his general acceptance among Dalgctty politicians, and because of tho irresistible meriment his oc casional ‘coming down* on something or other affords tho newspapers. We saw a paunchy old gentleman the other day, with a face, like tho sun, only more red and blue and spotty, and a dismally wheezy voice, who came - near being carried off with a ponderous- apoplectic chuckle, which seized him when somebody casually observed that ‘Sam wos pitching into the police,* ond he was only relieved from the fatal consequences by a series of desperate movements, which resembled those of a seven ty-four getting-under-way after th(f sudden stroke of a typhoon. Now, if Sam' was not unqucstionoably a real personage, and this old gentleman unquestionably areal disciple of bis, wc arc at a loss to account for the reality of tho phenomena thus exhibited. But whether real or mythical, it has been impossible for us to raise our admiration of Sam to the popular pitch. After duo and dili gent inquiry, wc have arrived at only a moder ate estimate of bis qualities. In fact consider ing the mystery in which he shrouds his ways, we are disposed to believe that ho is more of a Jerry Sneak than a hero. The assumption of secrecy on tho part of any one, naturally starts our suspicions. We cannot see why he should resort to it. if ho harbors only just or generous designs. We associate darkness and night with things that aro fuul, and wo admire the say ing, that twilight even, though a favorite with lovers, is also favorable to thieves. Schemes which shrink from tho day, which skulk be hind corners, and wriggle themselves into ob scure and crooked places, are not tho schemes wc love at a venture. And all tho veiled pro phets, wo apprehend, are very much like that one wo read of in the palace of Merou, who hid his face, as he pretended to his admirers, be cause its'brightness would strike them dead, but in reality because it was of an ugliness so monstrous that no one could look upon it and live. There is an utterance, however, imputed to this impervious and oracular Sam, which wo cordially occcpt. He is said to have said that •America belongs to Americans’—just as his immortal namesake, Sam Patch, said that •some things could be done as well as others' —and wo thank him for the concession. It is ( good, very good, very excellent good,—as the , logical Touchstone would have exclaimed, — [ provided you put a proper meaning to it. I What is America, and who are Americans ? ! It all depends upon that, and, accordingly as you answer, will the phrase appear very wise or very foolish. If you arc determined to con slder Amcrica as nothing moro than tho two or three million square miles of dirt, included be tween tho Granite Hills and the Pacific, and Americans as those men exclusively'whose bod ies happened to bo fashioned from it, —wo fear that you have not penetrated to the real beau ty and significance of tho terms. Tho soul of a muck-worm may very naturally be contented with identifying itself with the mould* from which it is bred, and into which it will soon be resolved, but tho soul of a man, unless we arc hugely misinformed, claims a loftier origin and looks forward to a nobler destiny. America, in our sense of the word, embraces a complex idea. It means, not simply tho soil with its coal, cottofi and corn, but the nation allty by which that soil is occupied, and the political system in which such occupants arc organized. The soil existed long before Ves pucci gave it a name, —as long back, it may bo, ns when tho morning stars sang together,—but tho truo.Amcrica, a mere chicken still, dates from tho last few years of the eighteenth centu ry. It picked its shell for the first time amid the camvqn-volleys of Bunker HilJ. and gave its first peep when tho old State House bell at Philadelphia rang out ‘liberty to nil the land.’ Before that period, the strangling and depend ent colonics which were hero were tho mere spawn of the older nations,—the eggs and em bryos of America, but not the full fledged bird. It was not until tho political constitution of ’B9 had been accepted by the people that America attained a complete nnd distinctive existence, or that she was able—continuing the figure with which wo began—to spread her 'sheeny vans,’ and shout a cock-a-doodlo to the sun. It would be needless, at this day, to state what are the distinguishing principles of that political existence. They have bscn pronoun ced ten thousand times, and resumed ns often In tho simple formula which every shcool-boy knows—the government of tho whole people by themselves and for themselves. In other words, America is tho democratic republic—not tho government of tho people by o dcspot,nor by an oligarchy, nor by any class such ns tho red haired part of tho inhabitants, or the hluo-oycd part; nor yet a government for any other end than the good of tho entire nation—but tho democratic republic, pure and simple. This is tho political organism which individualizes us, or.separatcs us ns a living unity from all the rest of tho world. All this, of course, would bo elementary to bo recounted in any mature discussion, if re cent events had not made it necessary to an adequate answer of our second question—who, then,are Americans ? Who constitute tho peo ple in whoso hands the destinies of America arc to bojioposited ? The fashionable answer In these/imes is ‘the natives of this Continent, to be euro 1’ But let us ask again, in that case, whether our old friends Uncos and Chlngachgook, and Kag-nc ga-bow-wow—whether Walk-in-tho-Watcr.and Talking-Snake, and Big-yollow-thundor. are to bo considered Americans par excellence ? Alas, no! for they, poor follows! are all trudging towards tho setting sun, and s6on their red and dusky figures will have faded in the darker shadows of the night! Is It, then, tho second generation of natives —they who aro driving them away—who compose exclusively tho A mcrican family I You say, yes; but wo say, no! Because, if America bo as wo have shown, more than the soil of America, we do not Beo how a mere cloddy derivation from it entities one to tho name of American, Clearly, that title cannot enure to us from tho more argilla ceous or silioious compounds of our bodies— clearly, it descends from no vegetable ancestry —and it must disdain to trace itself to that simple - relationship to physical nature which wo chance to enjoy,in common with tho skunk, the rattlesnake, and tho catamount. All thewo arc only tho natural productions of America excellent, no doubt, in their several ways—but tho American man is something more than a natural product, boasting a moral or spiritual genesis; and referring Ills birth-right to tho immortal thoughts, which aro tho soul of his institutions, and to tho divine nftcctions, which lift his politics out of tho sllino of stalo-craft, into tho nir of great humanitary purposes. T)io real American, then, is ho —no matter whether his corporal chemistry was first igni ted in Kamsohatka or tho moon—-who, aban doning every other country and forswearing CARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, JUNE 7,1855. ev6ry - other allegiance,_ sycs his mind and heart to the grand constituent ideas of the Ite* public—to the impulses arid ends In which rind by which alone it subsists',' ! If ho have arrived at years of discretion—if- he produces evidence of a capacity to understand ’ the relations ho undertakes—-if he has resided, in the atmosphere of freedom long enough ; to catch its genuine spirit—then he is an American, in the true and best sense of the. term. Or, if not an American, pray what is he?— An Englishman, a German, an Irishman,he can no longer bo ; ho has cast tho slough ot his old political relations forever :’hc*haß asserted his sacred right of expatriation (which the. United : States was the first of nations to sanction) or j been expatriated by hid too ardent love of the I cause which tho United States represents * r and Ihe can never , return to the ancient fold. It would spurn him moreinooritincritly than pow der spurns the fire, He,must become, then,' either a wanderer or a nondescript on the face of the earth, or bo received into our generous republican arms. , It is brir habit to say that 1 * we know of no race of creed, but the race of man and the creedof democracy, and if he ap peals to us, as a man nnd a democratic, there is no alternative We must either deny bis claims altogether—deny that lie is a son of God and oup brother—br else wo must incorporate him, In ; dbo season, into the household. It is not'enough that vn? offer him shelter from thcrain—notfcriough that we mend ' his looped and windowed : rnggddricss—not enough that we replenish'.his wasted midriff with bacon and hommony, and open to his pal* sied hands an opportunity to tojl. These ore commendable charities, but they arc such cha rities‘as any one, not himself a brute, would willingly extend to a hdrso found astray on tho common. Shall wo do no more for our fellows? Hare we discharged our rirbole duly, as men to men, when wo have avoiichcd the sympathies wo would freely render to a cat ? Do wo, in truth, recognize their claims at all, when we refuse to confess that higher nature in them, whereby alone they Arc men, and not stocks or animals 1 More than thai: do wo not, by re fusing to confess a man’s manhood, in reality heap him with the heaviest injury it is in our power to inflict, and wound liim with tho bit terest insult his spirit ca’u receive ? We can easily conceit© the Justness with which an alien, escaping to oursuores from the oppression of hii own .country, or voluntarily abandoning it for tho feakeof a better life,might reply to those who receive him hospitably, but deny him political association: ‘For your good will, I thank you —for'thp privilege of toiling against the grim inclemencies of my outcast and natural condition, which you offer, I thank you—for tho safeguardt>f your noble public laws, I thank yon t j but the blessed God hav ing made me a man, as well as you—when you refuse me, like tho semi-barbarians of Sparta, all civil life —when, with. Jewish exclusiveness, you thrust mo out of the holy temnlc, os a mere I proselyte to the gate—your intended kindness ! cs scum over with malignity, and tho genial wine-cup you offer with worm-wood 6°}^' We are all aware oftheSUmd of outcry with which such troaaopiugvhf usually met. We | know in what a variety oHionoo—from the vul gar growl of tho pot housfrpugilist totbemina torr shriek of thcpolcmioiUrenzicd with fear of tho Scarlet Lady—it is proclaimed that all foreign infusions into our life ore venomous,and I ought to bo vehemently resisted. Nor do we mean to deny tho right of every community to protect itself from hurt, even to the forcible ex trusion, if necessary, of tho ingredients which threaten its damage. But that necessity must be most distinctly proved. The case roust be ono so clear to leave no doubt of it, as an abso lute case of self-defence. Now, there is no such overruling necessity with us os to compel either tho exclusion or the extrusion of our alien resi dents. They arc not such a violent interpola tion, as when grains of sand, to use Coleridge’s llguro, have got between the shell and tho flesh of tho snail—that they will kill us if wo do not put them out and keep them out. A prodigious hue and cry against them wakes the echoes of the vicinage just now, such as is raised when a pack of hungry foxes strap into tho honest | hen roost, but the clamor is quite dispropor tionate to the occasion. The foxes arc by no I moans so numerous or predacious as they arc imagined to be, and there is no danger of them for the future that wo need to bo transfixed with fright, or scamper awayjn a stampede of panic terror. The evils which our post expe rience of Noturalization has made known to us —for there are some—aro not unmanageable ; evils, requiring a sudden and spasmodic reme dy, and menacing a disastrous overthrow un less they arc instantly tackled. Tho most of them aro like theothcr evils of our social con dition—mere incidcots of an infanlilo or tran sitional state—of a life not yet arrived at full maturity —and will bo worked off in tho regu lar course of things. At any rate they solicit no headstrong, desperate assault; -only a con sciousness of what and where our real strength is, and patient self-control. Oq tho other band. U is a fixed conviction of ours, in respect to this whole subject of aliens, —that there is much less danger in accepting them, under almost any circumstances, than there would bo in attempting to keep them out. In tho latter case, by separating them from tbo common life of tho community,-!—making them amenable to laws for which they ore pot not re sponsible, —taxing them for the of a government in which they are not represented, calling upon them for purposes of defence when they have no real country to defend, —we should In effect croct them into.a distinct and sub ordinate class, on which wo had fastened a very positive stigma, or degradation. How lamen table and inevitable the consequences of such a social contrast. The render,doubtless, Iws often seen & wretch ed oak by tho way-side, whoso trunk is all gnarled and twisted into knots : or he mar have passed through tho wards of a hospital, where beautiful,human bodies arc eaten with ulcers and sores; or he may bavo read of the Pariahs of India, those vile and verminous out casts, who live in hovels away from tho cities, and prey on property like rats and weasels; or, again, chance may have led him through tho Jews* quarters, tho horrid ghettos of tho old continental town, where squalor accompanies ineffable crime; or, finally, hi' inquiries may have made him familiar with tho free blocks of his own country, with their hopeless. degrada tions and miseries! Well, if these experiences havo been his, ho has discerned In them tho ex ponents*—ln some, tho symbols, and in others, the actual cflcots—of tho terrible spirit of ex clusion, when it is worked out in society. For, it is a universal truth, that whatever tiling en joys bqt a partial participation of tho hfo to which it generally belongs, gets, to the extent of the deprivation, diseased. It is also a uni versal truth, that tho spread of that disease will, sopner or later, affect the more living members. Make any class of racn,for instance, an execution in society; set them a part in a way which shall exclude them from tho moro vital circulations ot (lint society; place them in relations which shall breed in them a sense of alienation and degradation at tho satno time— and they must become either blotches or pa rasites, which corrupt it; or else a band of con spirators, more or leas active, making war upon its integrity. illiiiii Let us suppose that some ruler, a Louis Na- ' polcon or Dr. Francid, should decree that all i tbo inhabitants of a certain countnr, of oblique ' or dcfecliro vision, should be rigidly confined < to ono of the lower mechanical occupations; > would hot alb the squint-eyed and short-sighted i people be immediate!}'degraded in the estima- I tiun of the rest of the community ? Would not i the feeling of that debasement act as a perpetual 1 irritant to tholr malice—dead them to hate the j rest, and to prey upon them—and so feed'an < incessant or sinister, as the injured < partv might he strong or weak—between the i strabismic families and those of a more legitt- I mate ocularity 1 . In tlio .same way, but with i even more certainty and virulence of effect, any i legal distinctiohs among a people, founded up- i op differences of birth, or race must generate : unpleasant and pernicious .relations, which, in • thVcnd, conld only be maintained by force.— ; Say to’the quarter million of foreigners who an nually arrive our shores, that, like the mcfoiAi 1 and persoika of the Greeks, they may subsist ; here, but nbthing more; that the privileges of the inside of'the city, suffrage, office, equality, ambition, are closed to them; that they may sport for our amuscracnfin the arenas, rook on at our courtS, do our severer labors for iig,.and reverently admire o,ur greatness ; but.that they shall have no part nor lot in that political life which is the central and distinguishing life of the nation; and so forth, you convert them,in- : TalHbly, into enemies—ipto the worst kind of enemies* too—because internal enemies, who have alrcadd effected a lodgment in the midst of i y6ur citadel. Coming as an invading array— i these thousands with avowed unfriendly pur- , poses—they might easily bo driven back by our , swords; but coming hero to settle and bo trans- ; muted'into a caste—into political lepers and vagabonds—they would degenerate into a moral plague which no human weapon could turn away; Proscribed from - the most important functions of the society in which they lived, they would cherish an interest* separate from thd gbncraT interest, and, as they grew strong er, form thetnselvcs into an organized and irri table clanship. Their just resentments, or their increasing arrogance, would sooner or la ter provoke some rival faction into conflict: and then the dcop-scatcd, fatal animosities of race and religion, ftfasperated by the remem brance of injuries given and taken, would rage over society like tho winds of the sea. History is full of warning to us On this head. No causes were more potent in sundering the social tics of tho ancient nations than the fierce civil wars which grew out of ihe narrow policy of restricting citizenship td’thVihdigcnoas races. No blight has fallen witb-tt'ore fearful severity on Europe than tho blight' of'dass ‘denomina tion, which for centuries has'wasted the ener gies and tho virtues, tho happiness and tbo hopes, of the masses. Nor is there any danger that threatens our own country now—scarcely excepting slavery—more subtile or formidable 1 than the danger which lurks in those ill-sup pressed hatreds of race and religion, which some persons seem eager to foment into open quarrel. Already the future is walking in to , day.' The recent disgraceful exhibitions in this , city—-tho armed and hostile bands which arc . known to-be organized—the bitter taunts anfl . encounters of their leaders —tho low crindua r tions of the Senate house—tho pugilistic melee, ending death—tho Instant anu universal ex citement—tho elevation of a bully of tho bar room into tho hero of a cause-tho imposing fu neral honors, rivaling in pageantry and depth of emotion tho most solemn obsequies that a nation could decree its noblest benefactors—all these are marks of a soreness which needs only to bo irritated to suppurate in social war. Our statesmen at Washington arcjustly sen siblojof the dangers of sectional divisions,but no scctiounl divisions which it is possible to arouse are half so much to be dreaded as an inflamed and protracted contest between natives and ali ; ens, or Catholics and Protestants. Thcdms i ions which spring from territorial interests ap , peal to few of tho deeper passions of tbo soul, , out tho divisions of race and religion touch a r chord in the human heart which vibrates to tho i intensost malignity of hell. Accordingly, the , pen of tho historian registers many brutal an ■ tagonisms—many lasting and terrible wars; i bat iho most brutal of all those antagonisms— ; the most lasting and terrible of ail those wars, i arc the antagonisms of race, and the wars of > 1 religion. * It will bo replied to what wc have hitherto • urged, that our argument proceeds upon on as i sumption that aliens arc to bo totally excluded * from political life: whereas nobody proposes • such a thing, but only a longer preparatory ■ residence. Wo rejoin, that the persona and parties who arc now agitating the general question, because they propose the exclusion of adopted citizens from office, do, in clTect, propose a total politi cal disqualification of foreigners. All their in vectives, oil their speeches, all their secret as semblages, have this end ond no other. They agree to ostracise politically every man who is not born on our soil; they conspire not to nom inate to any preferment, not to vote fori any candidate who is born abroad; and these agree ments ond conspiracies are a present disfran chisement. so far as they are effective, of every adopted citizen, and a future anathema of every alien. Whether the aim bo accomplished by public opinion, by secret conclave, or by law, the consequences are the same; and the gener al objections wo have alleged, to the division of society into castes, apply with equal force. Wo rejoin again—m respect to the distinction made between a total exclusion of foreigners and ft change in the naturalization laws—that it is a distinction which really amounts to noth ing. For, firstly, if tho probation bo extended to ft long period,.say twenty-ono years, os some recommend, it will be equivalent to ft to tal exclusion; and, secondly,*lf a shorter peri od, say ten years, be adopted, tho change would bo unimportant, because ho valid objec tion against tno present term of Ova years would thereby be obviated. Let us see, for a moment. . Firstly, as lo tho terra of twenty-one years; wo say that, inasmuch os tho majority of for eigners who arrive on our shores nro twenty live years of age and over when they arrive, if wo impose a quarantine of twenty-ono years more, they will not bo admitted as cltUeus un til they shall have reached an ago when the tardy boon will be of Uttlo value to them, and when their Acuities end their' Interests In hu man affairs will havo begun to dcolino. Wheth er they will caro to solicit their right ot that period is doubtful, and if they do, they can re gard it ns scarcely more than a mockery. How many of thorn will live to bo over forty-flyo or fifty years of age, if wo leave them in tho inter val to loitor in the grog-shops, and amid scenes of vico, as they are more likely to do if not ab sorbed into tho mass of citizens'? How many, having passed twenty-ono years of political bon. aim even of ignomy—for it would como to that—would bo thereby bettor prepared for adoption? l Tho younger ranks of tho emigrants might possibly benefit by tho hopo of one day becoming citizens, and look forward to it with some degree of interest, but to all tho rest it would bo a fata morgana, and tho protracted test virtually an Interdiction. Secondly, as to any shorter novitiate, say ten or twelve pears, it would not bo more eff oe five, in the way of qualifying the pupil, than AT 52.00 PEU ANNUM’ NOi 52. the existing term. As the law now stands, an alien, giving three years* notico of intention, must have been five.years consecutively a rest* dent of the United States, and one year a resi dent of the State and County in which heap plies —must be ofgood moral character—must be attached to our constitution and laws—must abjure all foreign powers, particularly that he was subject to—andinfust swear faithful alle giance to tho government of his adopted coun try-before ho can be admitted a member of the State. What more could we exact of him. at the end of ten years, or twenty? If unfit for acceptance, too—‘according to these require ments—at the end of five years, would he be more likely to be fit at the end of > ten?. Ih short, is there a single disqualification which zealous Nativists are apt to allege against for* eigners—such os their ignorance, their clan nishness, their attachment to foreign govern ments. and their subjection to the Roman Catholic Church—which would bo probably alleviated by means of a more protracted em bargo? None; on the contrary, as we have intimated in another place all their worse qual ities would be aggravated by the exclusive as sociation among themselves for so many years longer, In which they would be kcpt»-\vhilo they would lose, as wo shall show more fully hereafter, the best means o! fitting themselves for good cjtczcnship, in losclng the educational Influences of our actual political IRe. It is true, in respect to the present laws of naturalization, that our courts have shown a baneful laxity in enforcing their conditions.and that our leading parties, corrupt everywhere, aro nowhere more corrupt than in their modes of naturalizing foreigners; but there is no rea son to expect that cither courts or parties will grow more severe under more stringent laws. They will hove the same motives, and be just as eager, to . license fraudulent voters then as they ore now; and the few days before a great presidential election will exhibit the same dis graceful scenes of vcnalty and falsehood. No simple change in the time of the low, at any rate, can work any improvement. Nor will sush-iiohangc render it any more difficult for tUc disKbnest alien to procure the franchise.— He can just as easily swear to a long risidcnco os a short one; while it will happen that the rarer we make the privilege, the more wo in crease the difficulties of access to it, the longer we postpone the minority, the greater will be his inducements to evade the law. In propor tion as a prize becomes more valuable, the temptations to a surreptitious seizure of it in crease : but where an end is easily achieved,the trouble of waiting till it be obtained in the reg ular way is preferred to the hazards of a clan destine or criminal attempt to carry it off. ■ Besides, it is a puerile piece of injustice to tynrds the alien to indict him with a disability because of our own laches. We have failed to administer oar laws as they should be. and,ex periencing some injury inconsequence, weturn round to abuse the foreigner, like a foolish and pctulcnt boy who kicks the stone over which ho stumbled. The more magnanimous as well as sensible courts would be to amend our own faults. Let \is make the five years of probation what the courts may cosily make them, by rigidir exacting the critcrions of the law—an interval of real preparation for citizenship— and the present term will bo found long enough. But whether long enough or not. the question of time, that is, whether it shall bo five years or ten, is a simple question of internal police, not oflasting principles, to bo determined by the facts of experience, and by no means justi fying the virulent ond wholesale denunciations of foreigners,it Is .the fashion with some to ful minate. In fact, the entire lojjlc of the Nativista is vi- 1 Gated by its indiscrimmat'ng character. Be* cause a largo huraber of the Irish,and a consid- ! enable number of Qermana, hare been reduced , by tho long years of abuse which they hayo ] suffered at home, to an inferior manhood, it is , argued that all tho rest of the Germans and the ] Irish, and all tho Swiss, English, French, Scotch. Swedes and Italians, must bo made to i suffer for it; but what a grevious error! Tho < poor exiles and refugees, many of them aro no c doubt sufficiently debased—some, even, execs- ' sivcly insolent, too—but among them are oth- i ers who are not so—among them arc thousands ' j upon thousands of men of hardy virtues and I clear intelligence, whoso industry contributes 1 vastly to tho wealth, as their integrity docs to 1 tho good order of our society. Laboring like ' slaves for us, they have built our cities and , railroads ; piercing tho western wilds, they : have caused them to blossom into gardens; , taking part in our commerce and manufactures, , they hove helped to carry tho triumphs of our , arts to tho remotest corners of tho globe. It was from their ranks that our Statesmanship ; recruited Gallatin, Morns, and Hamilton—that tho Law acquired Rutledge, Wilson, and Em* mett—that tho Army won its Gates, its Mer cer, and its Montgomery—tho Navy its Jones, Blakeley, and Barry—tho Arts their Sully and Cole—Science, its Agassiz and Guyot— Philanthropy, its Elliott and Cenezot —and Re ligion, its Witherspoon, its White, its Whit field. and its Cbcverus. Tho adopted citizen, no doubt, proservos a keen romfcmbranco of his native land i but “lives Iboro on earth a soul so dead*’ as not to sym pathise in that fooling 7 Let us ask you, oh patriotic Welsonlcht, all fresh as you aro from tho vociferations ot tho lodge, whether you do at heart think the loss of a man because he can not wholly forget tho plaj'-placo of his infancy —tho frlouds nnd companions of his boyhood— tho old cabin in which ho was reared—nnd the grave in which the bones of his honored mother repose 7 Ilavo you never soon two long sepa rated friends from tho old world moot again in tho now, and clasp each other in a warm em brace, while their conversation blossomed up, (Void a vein of common memory, in “Sweet household talk, & phrases of tho hearth,” nnd did you not lovo them tho moto, in that their eyes grow liquid with (ho dear old thcmos7 Or Is there, (n the whole circle of your large and respectable private acquaintance, a single Scotch man to whom you rotuso your hand bocauso his affections melt under tho “Auld Lang Sync” of Bums, or bocauso his sides shako liko a falling house when “Hollowoen” or “Tom O’Shanlor” la road 7 Can you blamo oven tho poor French • man, If his eyes light up into a kind of deathless glow when tho “Marseillaise.” twisted (tom some wandering hurdy-gurdy, has yot power to recall the glorious days In Which his fathers nnd brothers danced for liberty’s sake, and with gay audacity towards tho gullotlno 7 Wo venture to say for you, “Not” and wo believe, II tho truth wore told, that oiton, on tho lonely western plains, you have dreamed ore? again with the German his sweet dream of tho resurrection and unity of tho Fatherland! Wo have ourselves soon you, at the St. Guorgo dinners, oh Weiss, nlcht, swell with a very evident pride, when some flagrant Englishman, recounting, not tho battles which hU ancestors for ton centuries had won on every field of Europe, but the better trophies gained by Shakupcaro, Milton, Bacon or Cromwell—told you that a llltlo of that some blood coursed in your veins! Tho blood Itself, as It tingled through your body nnd'suffused your cheeks, confessed tho ftot. If your words did not I How then, can you, who garo at Bun ker HUI with tears in your eyes, ond fling up your hat of a Fourth of July with a jerk that al. most dislocates tho shoulder, retire to your se. • ore! conclave and chalk It up behind the door i against tbs foreigner (hat be hasa lingering love ftr hi. native cpnnliy'j Why, hoonghtfota dcarfaod ff ha hid hot; lf ho c<, a id fthgjrt. hta heritages of old renown—for 1 it isjhis dragon, si tenderncsa, those gomaimemoriestfttoim. mtrtol ttortis and deed* ahd pfapisi that cpnstt. Into hla patronymic glotfoe, which show that be hoc ajinmtm heart 'still under hfs Jacket. nnd is all the more likely, on account of it, to bccome * wortby;Amorican. ’' ' ' • . .. CDo‘not* delude yonrs«lf,.howqver» lutotbo •hallow belief that the aUens,.because- of.thew sfcntlracnUil, attachments, will bp led Into the love of their native governments', which, having plundered them and their class; for yoart,*at fast expelled thoni to our shores. Ah I no-* poor devils—they, have hot been so chucked under tho chin, and fondled and -caressed— talked pretty to, and fed with sweet-cakes, and humored In oll.sorts of solMndulgonclos, by the old despotisms, os to have fallen in love wlm them,forever and ever. Onthe contrary* Iftho reports are true, qnlto other- endearments Veto showered upon them—such os cuflb and kicks-* with a distinct intimation, besides, as Mr. Rich ard SWivillor said to Mr. Qullp, after pounding him thoroughly, that “there wore plenty more In tho snme largo and extensive assort ment always bn hand—and every order execu ted with promtltudo and dl B P^ c^l * ,> these are experiences that oro apt to make re publicans of men, and to, fill them with other feelings than those of overweening attachment Ito oppressors! . ' . ‘ But.this is a slight digression, and we return to the main current of our argument, to Bay*”; what wo esteem qulto fatal to all schemes for oxcommunicating foreigners, or oven greatly, extending their minority—that the best way, on tho whole, for making them gOod citizens, !• to make them’dtizena. The evils of making them 1 a clads by themselves we have , already alluded,’ to, and wo now speak, on tho other.hand, of tho, benefits which must accrue.to them and to us from their absorption into tho general llfe.of tho community. It Is universally conceded by tho liberal writers on government and society, that tho signal and beneficent advantage of republU. can institutions (by which wo mean an organs ized scries of local self-governments) is, that their practical influences are so strongly cduca tional. They train their subjects constantly into ■ an Increasing capacity for their enjoyment.; j • , In tho old despotic nations—os wo aro all aware—where tho State is one thing and tho people another—tho State Is In reality a mere machine of police, oven in Its educational and. religious provisions—maintaining a rigid order, but acting only externally on the whom it' (rents either ns slaves or children. -It docs hot directly develops tho sense of responsibility In; (hem, nor accustom them to self-control and tho exorcise of their faculties. Butlnfroocommbn- 1 wealths—which abhor this excessive centraliz ing tendency, and which distribute power thro*. subordlnato municipalities, leaving tho individ ual as much discretion as possible—the people are tho State and grow into each other asakind’ of living unify. Thrown upon their own re sources, they acquire quickness, skill, energy, s and solf-polso', yet, raado responsible for the general interests, they learn to deliberate, to exercise Judgment, to weigh tho bearings of. public questions, and to act in rclcrchce to (bo public welfare. At the same time, tho lists of preferment being open to them, they cultivate tho virtues and talents which will secure the confidence of their neighbors. Every motive of ambition and honor Is addressed to them, to im prove their condition, and to perfect their en dowments i while a consciousness of their con nection with the State Imparts a sense of per-, sonal worth and dignity. In practice, of course, some show themselves insensible to those considerations, but a majori ty do not. The consequence is, that the.com monality of tho republic arc vastly superior to tho same classes abroad. Compare the farmer* ol onr prairies to tho boors of the Russian step pes, or to tho peasants of tho French valleys 1— Or compare tho great body of tho working men 1 In England with those of tho United States!— I Now, tho American is not of a bettor nature 1 than tbo European—for ho is often ot the same stock—nor la there any charm in our soil and climate unknown to tho soli and climate of the other hemisphere; hut.there Is a difference In Institutions. Institutions, with ns, aro made ■ for men, and not men for tho institutions. It Is Iho jury, tho ballot box, the free public assem blage, tbo local committee, the legislative assem bly, the place ol trust, and, as a resalt of heso, the school and tbo newspaper, which give such a spur to our activities, and endow us with iuch political competence Tho actual responsibili ties of civil lito aro our support and nutriment and tho wings wherewith wa dy. If, consequently, you desire tho foreigner to grow into a good citizen, you must subject him I to tho influences by which good citizens ore 1 made. Train him as yon aro yourselves train ed, under tho efiectivo tutolago ortho regular routine and responsibility of politics* Ho will ! never learn to swim Tty being kept out of tho I water, any more than a slave can become a free-' I man in slavery, lie golauscd to independence ' by tho practice of it, as Tho child gets used to walking by walking. It is exercise alone which brings out and improves ah sorts of fitness—so cial as well as physical—and the living of any life qlooo teaches us how It is to bo best lived. Nor will any one work for an end in which ho and his have no part. They only act for the community who aro of tho community. Outsi ders aro always riders. They stand or sit aloof. They have no special call to promote tbo inter nal thrift and order, which may got on as it con, for all them. But incorporate them Into It, and It is aa dear as the apple of their eyo. Choose a person selectman of tho village, and be con. coives a paternal regard foi It instantly, and makes himself wondrously familiar with its af fairs, and their practical management. Show a rude fellow tbo possibility of a place in tho po lice, and ho begins to think how Important tho execution of tho law la. Hang tho awful digni ty of a seat in (ho Justice’s bench before tho ambition ol tho r-ountry Squire, and straight way ho looks as wise ns Lord Eldon, and will strive to become so, rather than otherwise* { llow tho prospect, too, of a winter at Albany or Washington stimulates all tho local notables in to a capacity for it, as well as deslro. Thns, our whole political experience Is an Incessant instruction, and should no more ho withdrawn from any class In society than the atmosphere. It is prettily told, in that book of Eastern fa bles which delights our youth and enriches onr manhood, that the father ot Aladdin Ahushamst, lest ho should bo butt by tho world, kept him under a trap-door, where ho wasvtsitod only by' two faithful slaves. But, pining and weary, tho young man ono day stole Horn his retreat, and' running to bis father, who was snydfo of tbo merchants, snid, 11 Oh, my father, how shall I ho nblu to manage tho great wealth thou hast gained for mo, if thou keepcst mohero In prison, and takost mo not to the markets, where I may open a shop, and sit among tho merchandize, buying and selling, mid taking and giving ?” The father thought for awhile, and said, “True, my son j tho will of Qod bo dono; 1 will tako; theo to (ho market street and tho shops,” and we are told that Aladdin Abushamat became, though not without somo slips, a very richmsn,. os well ns tho right haqd of tho great Caliph, Ilaroim Alraschld, Prince of tbo Faithful, whoso name bo over exalted I 07 A troubled mind la often relieved by maintaining a cheerful demeanor. The effort withdraws Us attention from tho cause of pain i and the cheerfulness which U promotes la oth ers extends by sympathy to itself; Q 7” Men often escape lightly from tho first Imprudence, and suQbr terribly from its ropetl. tioni for Colly repeated bcQopics sin, and sin is always punished. There is no variableness la the government of God. 07" Tho only way for a man to escape being found out Is to pass for what ho Is. The only way to maintain a good character Is to deserve |t. It is easier to correct our limits than to con coal them. Men’s happiness springs mainly from modcr* ate troubles, which afford tho mind a healthful stimulus, and are followed by a reaction which, produces u cheerful flow of spirits. 07 Jlastly ebullitions are often best) mot by silence, for tho shame that, follows tho sober second thought pierces deeper than robuko. 07 Never permit your energies to slumber but bo always aotivu in whatever Quid youchooso to labor. K 7" A fool in high station is liko & man o*. tho top of a monument—everything appears small to him, and hd appears smaUio every body.
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