mi ■J: 1 • ' ; . "'._ ■ : -■ -.- ■ ''.■ - r u .-w=-r~ r. . ..- ■— M|= ■ . - i. ■'.... ' ' ' ' „ ' ■ . AT S2OO PE JOHN B BRATTON ‘our country—may italwAVs d* right—but rioiitor wrong,our country ; _ SI If Siy’OL. 37. ttHEr/AMERICAN VOLUNTEER °l« ao . imotott., !f; o ryTln,ra,iay, at Oarli.Tc, Pa. h S JOllb B fcMoh have JmATrONTi bpon ilio following comtitlom which wll,bo care. County and lownahlp inalilnliona wouin p Vigldlf adhered lo: Hy follow tho creation of a. Stale Department, and by .•j 1 tebmb ofscflccßimoN 1 mutual .action and counsels, results would ensue, (highly gratifying lo tho patriot, and beneficial to the l,lNo«libVSpVlis't«kctifor o lc , J"" 0 “ l c x , r J°c tho return, of Iho oevonth cenoua of Iho prico »r..b«Vl« tli.ilod Slotes be IranontiUod in lira., the apportion-1 those who do not psytnadvaucc. ment of the State into Congressional Districts may | i. -• >t (become part of your duly. In such event, it is hoped ,iv RVr * fl or * DVSB * / gSO the custom heretofore pursued of postponing action 1 . on important billtof this description to the last hours, insertions, . • • 4 *. . of the session, will bo changed. It is a practice ut *ij%^!f2s£l,uenV^uih?l"nilda to'lhose who advcriist by tcrly inconsistent with careful and correct legislation, MMwirxZoooo.UaiX. and dcßlruclivo nflhn right. ofa co-ordinate-brand. . v _. , , of the Government. ,:-vf6i|i^^rJlio ofßceof tho American ff.T^nJ *l iThe committee charged with the introduction of , light, into Ibo public building., have complied .. lnvlicdtocali. Iso far as.in their power, with the directions ol the - o —■w I Legislature. An appropriation to moot those expoq. • trk ATrnmTAn!aTUiTOQ A HI? ms, and.to enclose and Improve tho public grounds, GOYEKiNOIt b MEbbAuilf* should be made at on early day. , : ■ i '. ‘ A complete sot of balances, furnished to the Stale ■ (bo IfdnoralU He Senator, and Member. »/ Iho .by Ibo General Government, bar. been dopo.iled in ! ''Houoo of Representatives of the Gonad Atotm tho building, of Iho L.ndOHico. The Comnu.smncr. . • J'i...- * J oflho several counties ought to be required to hove , 1 a . • f the weights and meiqurcs, under their care, again renewal of expressionL®*} adjusted and regulated. *k° Almighty Father, for his .manifold, An arrangement of Ibo Geological specimens be* ’ v’lftercfes and protecting influences during the past j on -j n - lo the State, in some convenient place for /.year* tfndflbejUUcraneo of a prayer “ in spirit ana in -. enßra j inspection, and the publication of the Geolo lioy»;,,'lpt:thft continuance of those blessings, well feporlSt arc demanded alike by the true inter -1 who habitually acknowledge the lefU of lhe Stalo Qnd a j usl appreciation of her ouperfnlendlng care ofa just and mcrcifulGod. Jno for enlightened enterprise. ■ 'a*telanl;ha ! lvc!tB of lb. lot. oeo.on, lit. general ox-. M alUnlion | la , bccn died t 0 iho largo body of r-,««Ual?Wlto community from dneoao, the■ rapidly l ori | nal rs in [| lo Slate Depatlotenl, connected 'ittfpOTblg-onndil lon of the country, in all brag. u|) thD OolonUl and n.volulienary,history of the ■ :wblrfl‘'dbnrer- liapplnc.i ami rational conloolmcnt, Sut d Ul( ,, r cllremcly Clpo , E d and pert.hing , inctMfiiti raiilUlea of cducattun, and the enjoyment I condilion . The.o rocorda ara worth projection, ao ■«frt«glOS»'BHvilege in tla purest forme, admonldi ua i containin _ authentic information of the action of our anew; that tho destiny of this people and government | falhcr< in 1110 ,i ro „| B f or national oxialcnco. In power of a Supreme Ruler, whoso iheCapilolof Pennsylvania, and with the sympathies . ’ kfndJx'pcovidehcles arc continually exerted lor their orhrr palrio( i c pC op!o,woB Independence matured t welfare, ahfflts well being. * an( j declared. Her soldiers were numerous u duty devolves on me, o| formally nround (ho standard of lho nation, and there were to the General Assembly, oflho more (, at Uo field* on her soil then in the same crea Ch W£ Magistrate of tho Nation, tho eUew!lcre , Ev-ry memorial of those dbys of devo /':• WftertMrZACHARY I aylor, who died at the Cly of 000 nnd lr | a i ahoald be faithfully preserved. Tliefo on Iho evening of He 9th ofJuly last. esil|t a sln lo c ln manuicr | p tof the minutes of whose brilliant aclueveraenla in arms lho R ovo i ut f onar y Eseculivc Council, a document by -’/“flustre to tho mihlary fame oflho country, j. tfr 100 valuable lo remain longer within the. reach ’i.. ; “4^ Bt,llCß,nan w^oao P^‘ ic y« as shadowed forth 0 f accident or mutilation. It would bo gratifying to llmloflho & , arge bod of our con B t Uuenl., if lho Assembly ••' most generous painoUsm, died in the full wou jd authorixo lho employment of a . competent ' v;ttMyettlW> of his great menial faculties, sorrounded « en i! oman ( 0 select and arrange for publication these -y- -I.by eodfeared relatives, cherished friends,and patriotic tnomorlwla of an interesting epoch in the history of of government, with lho calm resignation u.eCommonwcalth. touches that death has no terrors for those Asylum will be ready for the reception of patients. - faithfully to do their duly, lho Amo. Tbif worh G f charily, worthy of tho best care oflho : r ‘ paid the highest tribute lo his memory philanthropist, from its admirable construction and and universal sorrow. healthful location, cannot fall lo answer lho ends of vvvfjMljtfispurUyond disinterestedness ofhn motives, a# benevolent founders. It deserves the lostcring V*. : i-IMmnOain of every iropuhc as effecting h»s public CU ro of lho Legislature. perfect einccrily of his desire to act In. the performance of your duties, attention is • Wall men, his winning gentleness of tcmpei mo at earnestly directed to the icvlaion of Iho laws in v. ftV rtafcWWled in his personaj deportment, were to be rc jmj on ( 0 invcrna, restaurants, beer houses, and ten of character which bound closely to him p j n a |i cyB , It Is alleged that in many instances they Bibi£piifidcnrial friends, and gave to their sorrow for ttre the common resort of tho young v the jdlo, a billcnicss which no lapse of tune or an d lho worthless, lo lho groat detriment of lho mo* • circumslanco can alleviate. p ral and well being of the rising generation, that a eultabld expression ol , The suggestions ahd'rceoinmenddtibns.or. former lho memory of lho deceased, and of ro. mo g M g C * in reference lo the equalization of Inx lows, our bcrcavomeiil, bo mono by lho present payments of portions of the public debt overdue, lho JuMwrfitiire. . t r currency, and public improvements, ore again pressed of Gen: Taylor, by the provisions of on your attention.. Tho loan authorized ol tho last v , the CootUlution. tho powers and duties of the t/lnol 6CBg | on f 0 redeem the over duo public ’ debt, lias not " Magistracy were vested,.without 010 kaslmtorriin* been negotiated. Ilorfof the public business, m Vice President «Tho financial condition of the Commonwealth is Miard Fillmore, whoso virtue and patnoliam, as man. exhibited in the following slulomcnts: ■ 'ifeited ln the discharge of f°rmer trusts, as well as Amount of funded debt, including amount in the in thp ad/ninislruliou thus far of his new functions, bunds of Commissioners of Sinking Fund, and also nullify, the confident expectation that the policy ol Bp cciul loan to avoid Inclined Plano ut (he Schuyl -1 *lne Cftllohal Adminislialion will eminently promote on the 30th of November,lBso, was ■ of tho country. lulls avowal ol $39,863,9 M 78 Hliogrilit principle of protociiou to Amcrleon Indus* ~ especial claim on lho confidence of I , . 'M’Rwplftlons expressive oflho feelings of the last . on the death of lho lato John C.Calhoun, \ L to his family. I herewith traps ,'flfflW#%®°rrosPon^encc* to the Stato Constitution, provid* ■ tho election by the citizens, of tho judicial nf Hie Com.nonwcblili, having received Iho SSSpScllohofa majority of lho people, is now part of Ufrfipic law. Your attentioh is invited lo such • os may bo necessary to curry into com * piste effect this expression of the popular will. By . tho terms.bCUic coiislitutiun, lho cummisslotis of tho judges wHI «»P irc on 1,10 firat M° nd °y of December, in thoysir one thousand eight hundred and fifly-ono. ’ It Is sUgfistcd that this will afford a favorable op. portunity to remodel and grouily lesson lho number of iudierul-disfriels. At present there arc no less than'lW#hiy*four judicial districts, with District ’ ’ cWlrlwPhiladelphia and Allrghony counties. A reftron?® W M lO u «‘ oUnl business transuded ’ Jii lpW-lMi named courts, affords conclusive cvl. lnterests oflho community demand lbeir Wp(inuancc. Should a reduction be madu in r *lho number of the common pleas districts, lho sutu. ‘ -'Vies’now paid to the judges ought to be increased to * «uil*’eit«nt 01 would bo a fair mmincpution for (lid ÜburpfcriprnKd and (ho respoNsibility incurred in Ihscxeculion oflho duties of their high ofliccs. It isncpatPof lho character of our citizens to require tho labors of others, without adequate compensation. Fair salaflsa will best secure tho services of honest, IdleUigeofAml competent men, in that department of . ;'gO*elnmd»t«in the faithful administration of which < Svery.clliztn isso deeply interested. An inoredso of tbs salaries of (lie judges of (ho courts of common d i alrlct courts, would demand the extension . ' T ''V'zffthV’Mme liberality lo such gentlemen os may be to discharge tho higher nnd mure rcsponsl. ' of judges of the courts of last resort. - V. elections appear lo impose uimccce- upon lho citizens.* Expense lo the ’ treasury, am) loss of time lo tho voter, could ' well saved by authorizing lho elections now held l .Ssln Ihs Spring to bo holdeu ul tho gunorul election in “ %XXw<nwri' To such connlics as desire lo try the ex* the right might bo granted. I have been • with u statement oflho expenses ineurred W l pWmng Spring elections in Dauphin county, and ' ;(i is a fair average of the expense lo ths lho change indicated will save to tho Moptei flf,iho Commonwealth annually upwards of wWI dollars. of creating.an Agricultural Depart front conb&olcd with tho Stale Govornmonl, demands iho ftvnfobloconsideration of tho Legislature.: In I lent might bo collected mooli valuable or tho use of the practical farmer. Tho yoments In the construction of Imple bandry, the analysis of earths, Improved go, end adaptation ofmanuros and seeds ids ofsoil, aru subjects of absorbing in gricultural clossos. Diffusion ofknow- Ing lho best broads of horses, cattle, and vith suggestions In an authorized and , and experimental expositions of the of roaring and training, live stock of . all amuStCmud not fail lo aut beneficially on this - in vnreai ( OrCno Commonwealth. Should tho National Govoritmoat brccl an Agricultural Bureau, In.con. , forroiiy wlth llio suggestions of tho Prosidonl, the Stato Institution would be an efficient auxiliary in lho collection of local Information, and for tho distri bution hero at homo, of knowledge omassed in that % xlspartmout from other souross. In this establish, i moot, Ibo claims uf tho mining, mechanical, and ’ roanufttCluring interests on tho fostering oare of tho ;-V ‘Government, might bo equally regarded. A private ’•44iriiely in our metropolitan city, bv- Its liberality, '•fiSKlwy «nd learning, hae done much lo develop end ’V’shßw»W£o the arts and sciences, useful in ovory-dey • 31mi»nd has largely aided our mechanics and manu- to gain a reputation throughout tlio world. VrWIM incasuro proposed, I desire to accomplish for uf iho agricultural, iuQoku«eal t ttud Amount of unfunded dcb(,samo dale, Tutu) sum of debt, In (his cross sum.is included llio loan (o avoid (ho Plano ai.tuS' Schuylkill, ds übovo staled—(lib uvoi. donee of Iho piano authorized tho sole ofllial pprliun of (Ito Columbia railroad and .Viaduct over (ho Schuylkill, rendered useless by the construction of the new railroad. A part oftho road and bridge was sold for 9343,300,' which amount is to bo apptlcd as directed by tho 18th section of (ho Act of lOlh April, 1849, towards the permanent improvement of the Columbia railway. The actual cost of this great improvement, whereby (lib plane has been uvoided, tho uso oftho public- works much facilitated, and an annual saving of thirly.ono thousand dollars, scoured to tho Treasury* in the disuse of tho machinery and labor necessarily connected with the plane, is shown ns follows i ' * Amount of cost of n nv road, say 6400,000 00 Deduct price of old road sold, . 243,000 00 The Sinking Fund operation is exhibited thus: Amount of funds received during tho year, 6197,193 7- Amount of stocks purchased during year, 340,022 96 Amount in hands of Commissioners on 30lh Nov. 1850, , 5,907 CO Whole amount received since com- . mcncomonl of system, . 424,032 75 Whole amount of stocks purchased, 459,122 98 Amount of money in hands oh 30lh November, 1850, 5,907 GO FURTHER EXPOSITIONS OF TUB PUBLIC DEDT. Amount of debt on 30th Nov. 1650, 840,775,485 42 Amount of. slacks and cash in hands. of Commissioners of Sinking Fund, 9105,090 58 Deduct amount of special loan-tho interest there* . of saved .in tho discon* tlnuanoo oftho plane, 400,000 00 Amount offdebt on SOtb Nov. 1848, Funded, . 639,393,350 24 Unfunded, 1,081,386 69 Canal, railroad and ' . motive power debts returned in 1849 . ' and 1850, being , debts contracted prior tolst Docom* her, 1848, . 373,861 46 Total indebtedness,- 40,948,598 41 Actual, indebtedness, including in* dined plane loan, on 30th Novb’r, 1850, and excluding amount in hands of Sinking Fund'Comnils* . •loners, 40,310,394 64 Actual decrease of public *dobl since 30th Nov. 1848, . 538.903 57 Within the aaroo period, there has boon paid from the Treasury, appropriations that may bo called ex* traordinary, os follows t Towards’completion of North Branch Canal* $148,500.00 To avoid inclined piano, 3U9.440 08 If those sums, from ths payment whereof ijio Treasury will bo relieved by the completion of tho Improvements abovo stated, bo added to the actual reduction of public debt abovo exhibited, the conclu sion Is dear, that pi a very early data, an annual appropriation of nearly one million dollars may bo mndotowsrds (ho.reduction oftho public debt. Annexed is au-osljmato oftho receipts am) cxpoti* CARLISLE, PA, THURSDAY,, JANUARY 16, 1851. diturcs of iho present, with the estimate oflusl year, and the actual receipts al Ibe Treasury: : . I Estimate Receipts Estimates for 1850. for 1850. Tor 1851. 1 $20,000 $16,378 58 $16,000 22.000 18,673 75 20,000 50.000 44,898 22 45,000 Lands Auction com Auction duties . Tax on bank divi dend?, 130,000 153,877 14 160,000 Tax on corporation slocks, . 160,000 136,510 U 160,000 Tax on real and . _ ' person l *! estate, 1,330,000 1,317,821 55 1,330,000, Tavern licenses 80,000 . 107,437 49 100,000 Rentiers* “ 160,000 171,062 26 175.000 Pedlers* “ .3,000 2.525 05 3.000 Brokers* ••• 13,000 10,228 73 11,000 l*hoBlrot, &c.- ■ 3,000. 2,384 59 9,500 i Billiard rooms, See,' . licenses Distillery, dee. li- _ censes 1,500 • '4,203 91 5,000 Baling houses: dec.. ■ . licenses, 15,000 6,530 97 10,000 Patent medicine 11-. __ ' t. cehsCs, 3.000 3.633 08 3,000 Pamphlet law* 1 600 -■ -346 58 500 Militia Ones .2,000.; 12,053 73 10,000 Tax oo writs,' 40.000 45,409 47 45.000 Tax on offlets 20,000. 14,047 21 15,000 On col. inheritance 200,000 102,395 07 150,000 Canal sCroad lolls 1,825,000 1,713,84816 1,800,000 Sale of old mate rials 5.000 6,953 64 5,000 Enrolment oflawx 11,000 10,270 00 12,000 Premium on char- • „„„ (era 40.000 80,262 2 1 40,000 Tax on leant 195,000 119,356 30 120,000 Jncl’d piano loan 270,000 970.000 00 Dividends of torn-, •’ . pike alecks , 2,000 Sj-lttrtO'i' 2,000 Nicholson lands 300 ’’ ■ Accrued interest 5,000 3 674 32 5.000 Refunded cash 5,000 13,978 61 5,000 Escheats 2,000 1.600 Fees of public offi*' ccs 0,000 3,687 20 4,000 Miscellsncoas ,'3,000 , 1,740 33 5,000 Interest on slock* purchased. Foreign insurance agencies, EBtimste Payments Estimate for 1850. - for 1850. for 1851. PuOlio improve. i'S menU: . (tjlp.OOO 01.488,700,74 8800,000 Exp's of Govcril. , ment - 535,000 2G2,83n 71 250,000 Militia 4,01)0 ;•• 10,085 25 15,000 Ponaions.. 20,000 ",17,277 01 15,000 Charitable insti* fallens 80,000 02,207 85 00,000 Common schools 200,000 213,728 49 200,000 Interest on leans 2,005,000 2,004,714 51 2,005,000 Guaranties 32,500 32,500 00 32,000 Domestic crcdi- ... tors 10,000 0,387 41 10,000 Damsgcaon pub lic work* - 20,000 29,006 34 35.000 Special comml*- ” . ... sionors 2.000 . 3,554 03 3,000 State Library, 2.000 1,000 00 2,000 Public building* . 3,000 . 2,003 78 10.000 Pcnilcntiarica, 15,000 19,283 79 15,000 llouao of refuge, - 5,000 G.OOO 00 5,000 Nichulson lands 060 193 75 .300 Escheats 2,000. 1,710 53 2,000 Abalo’l of Stale ; . . * tax 40,000 . 43,525 04 40,000 Counsel fees and : .. ; ' catnoiidsioncrPi 2,000 5,984.15 5,000 Miaccllonopns 5,0Q0 8,180 44 5,000 Sinking fund com* iniasionors 293.000 . 318.864 03 250,001 Inclined plane, 270.000 90,000 N. B. canal 150,000 250,000 40,775.485 42 Renewal of xo- 012,570 04 lief notes Expenses of Ro- venue commis- sioners '• 4,034,800 4,553.103 75 4,101,300 In the item of expenditures for public improve incuts'is included 9148,500 paid to North Branch canal, and $280,446 02 to avoid inclined .plane* In tho amounts received, from canal and railroad loll*,'and collateral inhoritancotnxcs, the actual re* coipls of the lasi year full short of ihocsliinaics. In making these estimates, it was supposed tho suggea lion of.a former message in relation to tho convey ance of passcngois on (he Columbia railway, would have been favorably regarded. It is slit) believed llml a largely Increased revenue would attend the adoption of the changes heretofore recommended.— That the collateral inheritance lax is Inefficiently and carelessly collected in some of tho counties, and even when collected; frequently retained in the hands of (ho olficors longer than necessary, is demonstrable by the fact of the groat disproportion received at the Treasury from counties of equal population, business and wealth. A statement of the amounts received from tho several counties, during tho (ust four years, will exhibit much valuable information on tho inter esting question of inequality of taxation in tho pay ment uf the public debt. All items of luxation, op* plioablo to the sinking fund should bo required to roach tho Treasury quarterly under (ho severest penalties. A reference to tho reports of tho Adjutant General, Auditor General, Surveyor General, and Superintend* out of Common Schools, will afford detailed informa tion of tho business of their several departments, and furnish views and suggestions of interest to tho genera) weal. Tho school system, although still imperfect, is rapidly improving in its general condition, and pro mises the beneficial results it was designed to ac complish. The education uf the people, is tho groat question of (ho ago, and as such it cannot' fail .to command your earnest and enlightened efforts for its speedy ana ultimate success. In the competition fur trade and travel, no effort for tho full repair of tho canals and railroads of tho State should bo.neglected. The deteriorating con dition uf many of those works, admonish us (hat the system of supervision is Ineffectual to secure (ho re (urn of which their construction gave confidant as •uranco. In a system of divided responsibility in their management, the difficulty evidently exists. On a former occoslon It was suggested to divide llto Stale Into Canal and Railway districts, and to allot (oeooha Canal Commissioner* to whom its entire control should ho given. Tho project is again re commended, but should It fail to moot your approba tion, (ho proposition ofsclccllng a Superintendent,to w)iotn for his whole lime and attention, a compensa ting salary should bo paid, end under whoso solo control the public works might bo placed, is worthy of consideration. All tho evils arising from divided counsels and shifting responsibilities would bo avoid*; od, and that energy and skill in their management , secured which capnot be expected under the present system. It Is alleged that this method of supervision of public works has succeeded. Well and beneficially in other Slates. A commercial connection between, Philadelphia and Europe by iteamfebins.—an enterprise truly worthy tho favoring regard 6f tho.whole Common wealth, and the countenance and a|d of the National ( Government, by the extension of mail facilities—the completion of tho great railway communication now , m rapid progress of construction to the navigable | waters oftho West, tbo thorough repair of tho Cum* , borland Valley Railroad, and the erection of various lines of railway in the v tllny of llm. Susquohonno, | must throw nu amount of I ride on the Columbia rail. 1 rond wliji'li will demand for it* transit tho 1 entire 1 capacity uf that ihurunj>h<Vu in * oundlllonof 865,000 58 30,010,304 84 5,000 3,045 81 4,000 15,000 13,72127 .30,000 2,700 83 3,000 4,506,300 4,438,131 51 4,290,000 PAYMENTS. 10,000 2,500 period repair. Every avenuo by wlrioh the trade of ihodifflfiultieb in delation to the Subject now ext the West,ns well os of Central and Northern Tenn-|lng In tho public mind.' ' •' . aylvnnio, reaches Phitudelpliia, ought to be opened j The clause of the F bderal-Cohslllulion relative and kept Jn such perfect condition os to afford all to fugitives from labor involves these propositions: possible facility to business, for in the growth and j. That involuntary service or slavery-may exist I welfare of Philadelphia, the entire people should feel ( n lbe states of the Union by constitutional recog ! a lively iqjtercst.aa identical with the prosperity of; n^|on# 2. That the escape of the person so I lhowliolo(Slalc. Whilst Hie Internal trade is poured-) ield B h a Unol operate as a discharge from such -'Pry?* Metropolis, and her local authorities are r aervico 0f ) abor> ' 3> Thai on ( h e clalm.of the ■king'thojr pan 10 promole her commerce, Hi. our | , h su , , cfl i 3 doe t | te re must be duty to demand from the General Government some J , 5 ’ „ r .,„ r. ....... 1 portion of its resources for the scout ily and Improve* a r^, n . , O Vv »!® , m . n , . nl w pr . ment of (he harbor ortho Delaware. Improvement; To nterfele by Legislative cnoclmen, « e of the navigable tivefa and prdtcclion of Iho harbors w'““. to destroy or in any way affect the right ot of the Odean and Lakca ought to bo.no longer .do- properly tecogntied in the first proposition, tvoltld layed. 1 '. be a daring v|clatlen ! of the clear obligations ol In this connection, I deem limy duly, to call your the Constitution; ■ No human being can pretend attention to the pending litigation in relation to the that by.thls/'Pommonweallh euCh an interference bridge o?ir the Ohio river at Wheeling, erected un- has ever,beei\ ; exempted. Whatever may be the 1 der the authority of Virginia, which, ills confidently feelings of.lhe’people In opposition to the further asserted, puts in jeopardy laigo commercial interests, extension of slavery, and the consequent Increase It has been my caro to watch the progress oi the 0 f anil-republican and sectional representation in controversy, and to direct the proper law officer of t |, e National Legislature, no effort has ever been the Commonwealth, associated with the other distm- made to disturb or destroy the vested rights of guiihcd gentlemen who professionally represent the cil j 2enB o f. o ther Slates?, and when those rights Stale, to protect these interests may be endangered by the escape of aslave. be rlnTinu 'n Co|! J ” M ° r "" ! ca ‘° onder yond ihe lintltS of the Slate, where iho relalion is In llic varioua rallwey projects now eeverelly tor- oor °! ,l , i ' en 9 Tm,lmfriv° rolrielfng'-.el Fl.iludclpl.ia, Harrisburg and Pitt.burg, Principle, that no sympathy with individual suffer the people of (ho Commonwealth ought never to lose iog ougbl .o^oi’to weaken their sense of duty Jo sight of that other great enterprise, which, known I* lo plainrequlreroents of the organic law., as iho Sbnbury and Erie Railroad, was meant to In the adjustment of rights and official duties connect .the Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the under the last proposition, more difficulty has been Lakes. Besides the command of iho trade of (lie found (0 exist. Uy whose agency is the fugitive Northern*Seas secured by its construction, It.would to bo given up 1 What force is to be given to tho . bring Into market for sale ami settlement vast bodies word “ claim ’* as used In the Constitution 1 Is of unlcna'nlcd and unimproved lands, and develop not tho.delivery of. the fugitive to be made, only treasuresofincxhauslible mineral wealth now wholly through tho agency of the National Government! inaccessible. , ■ t , * Those have been vexed and mooted questions. Ihu largo indebtedness of Ihe Slate, and the no. T1)0 (inurdcolsion of Ihe Supremo Court of Iho MMily for ii, tcduclion, forbid Iho pohey on-her perl. UnUod Sla ,„ B c „ so t 0 ,; hiah Pennsylvania °f cmburhmg.nihc.o vanoue improvement., was made a parly, nnd tho recent fugiiivS sieve Iho debt of (ho Commonwealth was incurred in . the.erection of works which were largely conducive aw, gave a judicial and legislative interpretation lo ll.o’icUlemcnUnd sole ol the domain -if the United 0 clause of .Ihe Constitution, which cannot Slate., ahd while ehe ha. .enured nb pin of this 1,0 misapprehended. Ihe power nnd duly of common Inheritance, other States have been liberally laWs to carry into effect tho constitution-1 aided In the construction of their internal improve- °l direction, being ruled to be in Congress and in ments by'donolions of public lands., It is a right on Congress only, any interference on the pan of the her part to demand a portion of these lands lo aid in State authorities is unauthorized and without bind* the completion of the important wotks partially com- Ing force. ■ ! plclcd and in contemplation. ' II the Constitution implies a duty to be per* A system of bonking, based* upon Slalo stocks, formed by both National and Slate Governments, Under proper restrictions, is recommended to the at* Qpd vests each wlili power over the subject, the (ontiun qt tho Legislature. .It ts thought that the framers of that instrument failed to express in present baking facilities ore uncquallo the wants dear terms, as In other cases, tho obligations of of Ihe hufincas community. Iho large amount of p ar , icB . The | a ,i t uda of construction required nole.ofb.nli. of other Stale, found in circulation t 0 givo such-powers lo the Slule legislature., among oe people the mahihly of Ihe bank, with H . ol f, d nnlhot i z ' e lho pasBago of | aw3 b nnJ ,he safely lo their crcJn, lo accommodate ot all limes . e ... 1 * „ .. ~ „ . the active bona fide business demand.' ofthc country, ‘™ctmenl of reqi lnttons, upon every delegated end the Urge op.ialion. In the nature uf ptivslc P° w ° r . ° r . National Government, without re banking daily transacted on eevero lermalo the bur. ,S,“ ril •» Iho action or non-action of Congress.- rower, dcmonairato thal lncreasod facilities are dc« •he General Government is admitted lo be.ono of manded lo secure a healthy development of our re* ascertained powers, but H ceases to be so lho tno sourecs. Ary considerable extension of the present ment concurrent jurisdiction vests in Stole aover -1 system!* hardly lo be anticipated, nor is It desirable, eignlles. In the practical workings of the system .if a more permanent basts fur such operations can bo of concurrent jurisdiction much evil would nrlsc, devised, wco bunking upon a deposit and plcdgt Thlrly*ono sovereignties might prescribe different of public Mocks early recommended itself to favor, rules of action—each meant to make effective ■ It is not Uijhlc to sudden expansions and contractions national legislation, and the dangers, resulting i —more apcuc6 jßrqcrU]^qre--We J obndxloua lo cqun* from ctJnfticUng enactments, and ihe consequent lerfcUing and tVautf, andTWrS undouVod sccdrlty; destruction of harmony and order, could not fall Ito the note.llolder. Should tko .took required be the l 0 n | nrra „ 10 palrioli \ V h o „ eV cf power over o lo.es of the Commonwealth, U would epprecieto their subJcc , ie vcB , od b . tho Conatllution' In value, end else h.ye n tendency to withdraw them Congress, nnd the power hue been eterci.ed, Ihe a ulli or ily nf (ho Stnleu has been judicially de- I cllefthcL andthe^li.oh.r E eoflhe h.mre.; “ s “hove elated, merged and nbol&ted. t lo tho resident citizen., would load to lho expenditure * “Is Is the rule of law as well as that of common of on equal amount at humc, thereby affording cm- Bc h se * , . . ploymcnl-lo.tho people in the Improvements of tho -“ n opinion has been expressed by men of '’lT' I * Slate, in lho erection of industrial Institutions, end ““hi legal learning nnd pulriptlsm, that legislative I in various works of beauty and taste. If this eys. action on lho part of the States is expedient to I tom is favorably regarded, a relinquishment of a aid in'the execution of (be powers of the genera) portion of lho interest on tho stocks pledged would government. In Ibis opinion- 1 cannot concur, he directly ndrontsgooue lo Iho Treasury. To admit lho posiiion would imply nn inability on Tho confidence fell In Ihcir security, and. Ihe the part of lho national government la execute its i desire to uso Iho relief notes, when kept in good powers, nnd would prove dosiructivo of lho theory condition, justify the belief that nn issue f nmnll so zealously maintained by our republican fathers, I mlcsrromSlaioinstiiiilions.foundpdonndepoeilof that Ihe Notional nnd Stale governments ere in stocks, would be highly acceptable to ibo poo- dependent sovereignties, each acting within its j'ie. propet constitutional sphere. A reference to subjects, under the control of the It was doubtless a conviction of tho soundness National Oovcrnmdnl, has long formed part of of the foregoing views, which induced ray predo tho annual messages of Ihe Slalo Rxeoulivos, and cesser, Governor Sliunk, to sanction the not of lho the custom has found favor not only by its oohso- 3d March, 1817. ‘ nance witli tho peculiar relations of tho States lo Thu power to itol on the subject of Ihe extrndi iho General Government, But in the deep solid- lion of fugilivo slaves being thus vested Solely in tilde full by individual citizens in the nclion of tho National Government, Tl is the plain duty of tho Inter nn questions of-pervading and diroot In- tho citizen to submit toils enactments under t'.* teresl lo all. From the resolves of their ilopro- Constitution. 'To act differently would ho clearly senlalives in the councils of the Stales, the opln- rebellion to Government, ims ami wishes of the people ore often, well eel- If the word ‘•claim " was intended lo express looted ami honeo your action is frequently of great an ascertained right of properly lotho person of moment. In obedience, therefore, to custom, end iho fugitive-vested in tho claimant, then much,of in order that iho sentiments of our common con- the difficulty surrounding lho question is selllcd, stltuenoy may have expression either through ihe and Iho mcro demand for the person of the lugi- Kxeoutlvo Message or the action of their Ilopro- live fixes his destiny by Iho terms of Iho Consli- 1 sonlatives, it Is proper lo refer to some of those tution. Ills extradition would ho determined 1 questions of general interest, tho disposal of which without proof of ownership on the part of tho 1 more especially belongs lo the National Govern olaimani, and without evidence of lho identity or ' ment. flight of the person claimed. If, however, Iho A revision nml alteration of tho Kuvemte laws, so as to give adequate and permanent protection t> iho Industry of the country, are 'demanded by llio prostrate condition of thomlnining and manu facturing interests.* Tho propriety cf affording full protection to domestic industry, in lho enact ment of tariff laws, lias been so fully discussed that a more reference to former views, is 'till that is doomed necessary at this time. In a.lalo effort to amend the present tariff, Us failure may be fair* ly attributed to tho omission of the last Legisla ture to give expression to tho perfectly well un* derstoed Wishes and expectations of .the people. It is confidently hoped no such omission will mark (he conduct of tho present assembly. A reduction in tho rales of postage, and the construction of railway communication to tho Pa* oilic, wore urged heretofore as worthy of friendly regard. Jiepetition of the views then presented is unnecessary, os lime has only strengthened' the] conviction, pf the propriety arid usefulness oftb«| proposed measures., ‘ " In relation to the extension of slavery end the duly of faithful observance of her Federal obliga tions by tho Commonwealth, tltovleivscxpressod in former messages remain unchanged. TJioro is nothing, in my judgment, in tho history of tho past, nor in llio warnings of tho future, to justify the abandonment of the principles, sacredly ro* f;ardcd from the foundation of tho Stole, of non* ntervontion In Ihe domestic policy of other com* munliies, and of resolute determination of permit* ting no interference with our pwm Fidelity in the discharge of constitutional duty has distin guished our government and people, and if nn opinion exists within, or has'boon mischievously nropogoted beyond our borders, that such Is not the fool, it is conceived in orrorofour true history. Pennsylvania, her people, and her authorities, al ways havb been loyal to the Constitution. They wish It neither mho evaded nor amended. They will not permit if to bo resisted. It has been intimated that on cjuoaiions connec ted with tho institution of slavery, and the rendi tion of fugitives from labor, (bore have beep indi cations of a disregard of her constitutional oblige* tlons. To the clause of the Constitution relative to fugitives from labor, and the legislation under It, (hero ever has been ip Pennsylvania, with ail her avowed aversion to domestic slavery. Implicit obedience. Witlion earnest desire (hai,by.'n free interchange .of moderate end rational opinions, obedience to the law may bo made, not only Im plicit, but cheerful, It'la proper to rolcr to’ souto of iarm used in the Constitution, signifies n chal lenge of tho properly, belonging to tlto claimant, ami withheld from him—and the enactments on the subject requiring proof of right tosubstan* tiato the claim, and tho concurring decisions of the Supremo Court, affix this meaning tofthe term, then tho question arises,how, and through whom, shall the claim bo made, and by what evidence sustained 1 In tho adoption of tho proper remedy to assert this cloar right, patriotic citizens may differ, and tho privilege to maintain and express that bonnet diversity ,of opinion must not bo impaired. To surrender it, under violent threats and donunefolo ry clamor, would bo on nuandoment of the deeply t cherished privilege of liberty of thought and • speech. When tho enactments of tho National j Congress, fait to convince tho people of (heir jus* I licennd propriety, it is their duty to seek ilio'rl modifioniionond araonJmenf. Tho recently enact* ed fugitive slave law, while il remains a statute, demands (ho support of all the citizens, and un* loss our written constitutions aro worthless parch* ments, until tho Judiciary declare it. otherwise, must bo esteemed a constitutional enactment.— Arc lie defects of such nature us to warrant the public in urging its amendment! That part of the law which authorizes the ore* allon of a now on«d irresponsible tribunal under the name of Commissioners, is liable to exception. Waiving the inquiry whether Judicial power of the United States can be vested anywhere but In I regularly organized courts, with tho records of I courts, thoro aro objections of Serious import ,to tho Istitotion of this tribunal. Alt history shows, that special tribunals, clothed with discretionary powers over person and property, are liable to abuse, and Imvo been instruments of .oppression. If in those, the early (jays of the Republic, when no reason of urgent Stale necessity can bo invoked powers of a high Judicial nature over the liberty and property ol an individual, aro to be vcstod'by appointment of an inferior tribunal, in on Irrespon sible person, the security of tho life, reputation, and liberty of tho citizen In ufleMtmes, when new political or social emergencies may arise, will depend on a most precarious tenure. The courts of tho United States, whoso Judgoa hayo a pride of character, and over \vhom a controlling influence IS exerted by the impeachment clause of i tho Constitution, shbuld alone bo invested with those extraordinary powers. Rather than liaanrd Iv?. 0 ®kan’ccB of illegal decisions, and tho qop.so* |quoril liropatablo injury of an individual, results MO. it so full of danger to the peace and good ;brUsr.of society, (ho judicial power of the nation might wisely.bo extended* If it bo deemed expedient to deny a trial by jury, and lodge the adjudication of this, right of property in the breast of a 4th||fc judge; tho kind of proof required should TislndK caled, and a full -record of the entire proceeding! be made and preserved. Processes issued, should be returned, and the extradition of any colored person, for whose , arrest a warrant had Usued ■ without hearing had before-the judge, should be visited with the penalties of kidnapping. .These modifications of tho law, while they could not In terfere with tho rights oflbe owner of. the fugi- I live, would greatly (end to .satisfy the minds of citizens anxiously desirous to perform their con* stltutioosl duties. One matter connected with our Federal Rela tions claims your attention. It is the Union'of the States, and the dangers which ere supposed to threaten it In connection with the question of slavery. Whelher.slavery be the cause or pretext ' of infidelity to tho Union, and to what pVe'clie e£> tent disaffection exists, it is not my purpose .to en quire. There was local disloyalty long:befoih slavery became the immediate source ,of excite ment, and there will bo local.disloyally long after slavery and the questions connected with It am finally adjusted. JDut he the cause what it MfV. It is in vain to deny that the Union of the Statu is lightly and irreverently talked of ineertain . quarters, and made the subject of heated discuss ion by rash and unreflecting men. I cannot be lieve,however, (hat any serious design to dlaHipt and overthrow the Government exists, to any con siderable extent in any portion of cohniry, The American heart revolts at the idfca. .. What is (ho National Unlonl , It is Uie.fiasll of constitutional right, the guarantee of peace, the sccuriiy of religion, the bulwark of iall law and order, it gives the surest pledge of protection to ihq oppressed children of other from scenes of misery and.'discord, expect .here harmony and peaceful refuge. h Is Uietaliy beacon on the top of a mountain arid an ensign on n hill ”,to the lovers of rational liberty throtfgh out tho world. It was an emanation of the same pure spirit of conversativo freedom,of justice,and of (ruth, which conceived, controlled and.conao.m mated our Revolutionary struggle, it is the per fect work of disciplined Intelligence, and rational patriotism. It Is hallowed by the rich memoirs of the past, and by tho consciousness that Itk ■ founders were the fathers of the Xtepublio. It is sacred, as the solo remaining memorial of:the.en lightened .Inhere of tho best minds of an age, dis tinguished for Us devotion to the cause of fiufneh rights, the elevation of man’s social condltlon, the investigation of political truths, 1 and.of revolution ary action ngainst the dogmas and fanalidlath of tyrannies and tyrants. The Union of the States ia tho.outer and. inner wall, which encircles and guards tho temple of our independent. Tho Union alone secures to our commerce protection on every sea, defence our citizens on every shore, gives us a proud name , among the nations of the enrilt, and ensures to the . Republic an enlarged end glorious destiny. Its [ preservation ratifies the assurance that man is ca- I pablo of self-government, ond. that equal rights, i equal privileges, arc alone the results of Demo , oratio institution#. The dissolution of (he 'ros , (lonal Union would be the boginlng of tjvll ttrlh, , tho strife of sections, of scenes of fraternal 814- cord. It would raise the orm of the bondman amidst tho horrors of seivilo war; and the.dtr slruclion'pf a race of men alone would terminals tho fearful struggle. It would involve contermin ous Slates, oclfng as jealous strangers, in vexa lious disputes about rights of navigation; of trib ute, of transit. It would sacrifice tho faith of tho nation. It would destroy the army and. the navy, and with thorn tho proud recollections df'Uielr carliotexploits. The trophies of the nallon would bo dispersed,yind ihcgrcatcojnmunion of thought; of sentiment, and of interest, in which,' for more | than seventy years we have gloried, would to , gono forever. • * Deeply impressed by these considerations, and rs* , lying most confidently bn tho entire sympathies ,oJ tlio‘ General Assembly of a State, which has nevv known an instant’s disloyalty to (lie Uriton; I 1 solemnly protest against (lie utlerdnbe of. rash and ill-advised thoughts on a subject so dear to our con', slitucncy, and more earnestly egalust ell dellberalloa by moans of conventions, or other modes of action. Unknown to the Constitution, and having for their object, either the dissolution ofthe Union, or the dls. cussion of soctionkl and hazardous questions, for the decision of winch, (ho Constitution has made ample provisions. Pennsylvania venerates-and cherishes the unimpaired institutions of onr fathers. * With (ho fervent prayer iliat Almighty God wilt so direct the deliberations of tho General Assembly;'' that ,“peace end happiness, (ruth ond joellce* refi- Igion and pioly,(aay bo established among uo forajj generations," tho suggestions ond recommendations contained in ibis annual message are respectfully submitted for your consideration ond action. . ?■ ■ \VM. F. JOHNSTON. . Executive Chamber,. ) i Harrisburg, J-n, 7j 1851. \ Ohha nun Euhd. - Early Frugality. —ln early childhood you lay ih* foundation of poverty or rlcho* in l|io haMli'ymi give, your children. Teach thpm to lave not for Ihclr own uvc, for that would ■olfiah,—but for fame uao. Tench them to share everything with thfcir playmate*; but hover allow’ them todestroy anything. (Cy'Tbo celebrated vase, in thbffaliory.orthb Vrflf* can, at Homo, fUppotcd to bo that containing avlici of the eon* of Ocrmanloui—*omo aajr or Au. guitui— w«a recently thrown from he pedeila),by ! (bo filling ofa window, driven by a fierce gale, . £7our wretched.species (a bo consUlated; bay) Voltaire, (hat those who walk in the beaten-path*, are always throwing stone* at those who ore rccoinl mending new ones. . J '• • r- ■ What is good man struggling with misfortune, and preserving untainted his rppotai tion. A dutiful'Child obeying ll|d mandates of|'ps« rents, ant) walking in (hd way of righteousness; It.Liotnir^—Tlio King of Naples has pVojiiliitdi (he salo or perusal oflho works ofSchillor, Mdllaro*. Lamartine, the Cosmos of Humboldt, Thiers, Stiw momii, Sliakspoaro, Lucian, Lucretius and Sophotfca. Op*Tho Lay Ministers of the Episcopal fchut'etf England, are, forming a Union, Club, for the purpose ofjmUing a stop to tho “UomanUVngV practice* Wool.—lt la said ,oml iotao Wdof, re* cently sent from New York to England;' riroVcd’tobJ to exquisitely fmo ai to make lUra‘poaiiblo“lo'Uar* it with the present machinery, It was fine ouootli to have Imitated the Cuahmbre. * r nb ho((cr typo of a great talker, than* a very long and cold winter night: BTWo acpu; for riches and do noi find liicroj wo dV not acok for death, but, olos I ho comci^ * Drevitt.— lfyou Would be pb'Ugeht, bd it la with wprda »a with addbeame.lho more (hey are l cundenssd tho deeper they burn, •• : ojr , BACniLons.—Old bachelor* donol'Hvo'b* other men. 'J'lioy have nobody to mend thole oloitaC dnd darn (heir stockings. TJmy catch oold, nnd t there la nobody (omsko llibm peppermint tosJddnaeqdeUty they drop pfl*. . •, . W>tvA* )iaa a man a right (o sfcold hia wlik abdiif his cotiVu 7 When its u'.ww &c» ' the! AHStBi
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers