THE VOLUNTEER. CARLISLE, THURSDAY, MARCH 3S, 1850. John Bi Bratton, editor and Droptletor. AGENCY.| ' 'C3*V. B. PAOMBtI, R«q.. Ismir apenl for-pro* curing niWcrtinumimts, rcccivUifrsub'M-rlpilons.anrt mafcins collections for the AmeflcanVol«inle«if, at Itla.ofßce. N. W. corner of Third ami Chesnut sired*. Philadelphia. TO THOSE. INDEBTED. During the.week or the April Court we shall ex peel those who. know themselves indebted to this office Tor subscription, advertising, job work, &o. to discharge their respective accounts.' We have ▼y liabilities to meet in the month of April, and must therefore appeal to those.indebted, to come for* ward, during the April court, (if not before,) and assist os to discharge our own obligations. We shall confidently expect a -compliance with this re quest. dj“ A Lectors will bo. delivered in Education Hall, on Thursday evening, the 28th,inst., by the Rev. J. V. E. Thorn*. Subject— 1 * The ; world wc live in**—second part. To conclude with a Shakes* perean Reading. •, . The Hone. James X. M'Lnnahsn and Job Mann, will.aseept oar thanks for Congressional documents. To Messrs. Storrett, Packer, and Martin, of the Senate, and Messrs. Scoulicr and Church of the House of Reps, we are also under obligations for their attentions. Mr* Thornb's . Lecture.-— Circumstances pre vented us attending the lecture of Mr. Thorne, delivered in Education Hall on Thursday eve ning. From those who heard It we loam .that it was a production of rare merit, and 'gave general satisfaction. Mr. T. will lecture again in the Hall {hit. evening 1 , on. the same subjuct.— We hope to see him greeted ‘with a full house. Admission, 12$ cents ftr gentlemen—ladies free. TiicMaqazines.— GodeyV Lady's Book and Ora ham's for April, have been received.— Their embellishments arc beautiful, and the reading matter excellent. • ■ . .. . (Xj* Many thanks to our friend Onpt. Sander* sum, of the Lancaster Inldltgcncer , for his good wishes. We shall endeavor to profit by his ad vice, and bear the blushing honors” of which he speaks, with becoming modesty. In that highly honorable body, the Town Council of Carlisle, we shall advocate such measures as are calculated to benefit the people of the whole world, as well as “ the rest of mankind”—yes, we shall. Newvillb Saving Fund Societv.—By lefer cnce to.our advertising columns, it will bo seen that a Saving Fund Society has been organized in Newville under very favorable auspices. The Directors are men of character and wbrth, and we doubt not will use their best efforts to so manage the Society as to give genera! satisfaction to de positors and others. 1 Enlarging Tint Capitol. —The Committee on Public Buildings, in the Senate of the United Stales, have agreed 16 recommend that the Capitol at Washington be enlarged by tm addition of 150 fed on each end, for now Senate and Rrpicscntativc Chambers. This is an improvement very much needed. Tn* Nasmvill* Convention. —The New Orleans Crescent says, that several of (ho public journals of Texas denounce in no measured terms (he resolu tions <pasied by the Legislature, recommending the people to hold elections for delegates to the Nash ville Convention. Franklin and Marshall College.—' The bill to uoito and consolidate Marshall College,, now at Mereersburg, with'Franklin College, now at Lan caster, nnder the name of •• Franklin and Marshall College," as a corporation, (o be located in the city of Lancaster or its immediate vicinity, paiscd lho Senate of this State on Tuesday last. fTj* Tho Washington Union exposes Robert E. Horner, acting doorkeeper to the House of Repro* •enlalivcs, upon whose certificate his brother drew pay at messenger from May to December, 1849, when in fact his brother was all that lime in She* boygsn, Wisconsin, superintending the light house at a salary of $350 and perquisites! .It is scarcely necessary to mention that the Hornets are "ultra Whigs." (Cj*The Washington Rtpuhlic % the President’s organ, thinks its employer is stillimmensely popular; that the people yet have every confidence in Taylor, and will stand by him to the last. So the Mailiaouian used to flatter up John Tyler, to tho infinite amuse* went of the whole country. Auditor General and Surveyor General.— -The Harrisburg Untan of yesterday, says—The bill pro vlding for the election of tho Auditor General and Surveyor General, which we noticed last week, pass* ed the Senate, yesterday afternoon, with an amend* menl providing.for the electron of D.qmty Surveyors ffTThe Boston Post does not think Scott would 1 Have been President, hid ho have gnno to Mexico,' without any apprehensions for his rsar. Ho had wot, toys tho Post, the facility of promising ovo* rylhing to all parties, and of deceiving all without compunctions, by which his rival has rUcn intn power. . ; • __ 'Prosecuting Attornics, &.C.—A bill providing for tho election of Prosecuting Attornics by thepeo pie, passed the Senate on Thursday last, by a vole of 29. to 2. . a.bill passed the House on tho same day, providing for the election of the Auditor General and Surveyor General, by Ihr people, to lake effect at the next General Eleetlonv . ' .Tme Lw«i.jtdhe.—Tljero hr nol modi doing of a public nalu.c In Vbo State Lcgialuturo. In Ilia Sen ate on Monday Mr. Pucker read a bill pra.aribing the time and manner of anbmilting to the people Tor their ralllionlioh or rejection, the propoacd amend meet ot iho conallluliun, relative to the election of }<udgc»* The \>\\\ to .suspend travel on the Pennsylvania Improvements on the Sabbulh, has passed the House —yea* 43, nnyi 37. Mr. Ualdcman, of York, reported from the com* mUtee on Agriculture, of whlth he Is chairman, the following preamble and resolution, which were adopted: Whereas, The agricultural interest* of Ponnsylva. ; nia, and of the several Slate* of thi* Union, have be come of such Importance as to require tho rostering! ji| r , q a lhoLn is sold to be quite HI again, owing to - « C Uc.„o„t .ttcnuin, t..e d,ba., be t w.e„ ..In.-nd . Beaolvod by, &.0., That oor Sonnier. In Ctmgro.a! Uen ’ 0,88 “ n Wcdneiduy. Mr. C. a pliyaloul inlir ' be instructed and our Representative* requested m, malic* ora greater than over, and’ his excitement use their ofliclol Influence In procuring the emssugo more than hi* bodily health can stand. , of an act creating a notional board of ogrlcuUuie.. \ - The everlUstlngquesllon.of slavery, was attempted ! .COT The President has issued an order to the Sofrl to bb get up In. the House on Friday, but at lost laid war, dlreoling that the full uniform now 1 aside*-vtttsdfi hoys 45, ( worn In the army, a blue dress coal with white buff ■ , linings, band box hat, &0.,dc.0.,5ha1l bo thrown slide, Wm. Hunt Stewart, a young Philadelphian,, ha» and the undress frock now worn shall ba the full reeenti/ inherited an estate in Cuba yielding about uniform, with the addition of spaulctls, sash, Sc o., • WOO,OOO per annum—hie uncle, .Ww Hunt, former- dee., the removalof which makes an undress uniform. Jrf ofVhlladiJpWi, haring reeeaplg. nd and left It' The dress coat worn by the privates Is by .; to him by. will. ' ■.a.iaokv DROWNING MEN CATCH AT ITRAWI. ..The Federal papers of this State are attempting to make a little political capital out of a circum stance that took place at Washington a short lime since. The British minister, now'at -Washingtons took tt upon himself to remonsUate, in a letter to the President, against the increase of duties on im ports into this country.: This letter the “second Washington, n . immediately upon its receipt,'sent to the Senate. . His object, in doing this'is 100 evi dent to be mistaken- As soon as the letter of little Vick’s, minister was read, Senator Coofkr of this Stale, in a prepared speech, denounced the inter ference of the British minister m strong and bitter language. That speech has been published in every Federal pjper of this Stale, with a groat many flourishes about' “ British interference,” &o. Now, we are free to say, that the British minister deserved to be' rebuked for his impertinence, hut yet we suppose, he had little else to, do,'and ho thought he might as well put In an hour by address ing a letter to the man, who “ has no friends to reward, nor enemies to punish.” Ho did not sup pose his letter would find its way to the Senate, or certainly he never would have written it- . But, tho President thought it would give Cooper a good chance to let , off a little gas, and make a little political eapiloi into the bargain, artd so he sent tho letter to the Senate in all haste.. This is a small business for'the President of United Slates to bio engaged lii.' Blit, drowning men catch at straws, and the President, who has lost both the confidence and respect of tho people, is anxious to divert atten tion from his own mis-dolngs. Il such a loiter had been written during the ad ministration of Mr. Polk by her pretty little Majes ty’s minister, old ‘|Buck” would have token him into a private room, politely given him a brandy smash or two, and whispered into ins ear the pro priety of withdrawing that little epistle, and say no more about It. It never would have gone to ihe Sen • ale. THE COMMITTEE OF THIRTEEN* Wo hope that the proposition of Sonator Foote, for the appointment of a Committee of thirteen, la take charge of the whole subject in controversy be tween tho North and the South, on the subject of Shivery, may be adopted. Wo are satisfied that. Id order to have on amicable settlement of the matter, it must go to a committee, and the sooner the belter. Wo believe that thirteen reasonable-men could ar range terms of settlement in a few days, which would be satisfactory to the country J and really we should be glad to be relieved from the flood ofspceeh ches which are poured out on the subject daily.. In temperate or Indiscreet speakers (such os Mr. Sew ard, Mr.'Calhoun, and others,) retard instead of fur thering a settlement, and the people are becoming impatient for action. Differences can be easily re conciled if members will go sincerely to work, and look alone at the interests of the country. If it bo true, as asserted by the Washington correspondent of the New York Globe,that whatever may bo the result hereafter, if a.voto could now. bo hod, a ma jority would be shown in both Houses of Congress for a settlement of the slavery question,” it shows that the time for action has arrived, and that the ne cessity for sending the whole business to a commiUec, as proposed by Senator Foote, is urgent. Wo bo lievc that Congress is prepared to act at once, were a basis lor action presented by a committee. Tho writer just quoted supposes that the following basis would probably bo accepted : I*l. Tho admission of California 2d. The organization of the Territories without tint »• Wilinot," as Mr. Webster calls it. 3d. The settlement of the boundaries of Texas, either us at present claimed, or by. compensation to her for rclingaishment of a portion o! her lerrl lo4llt. Tho abolition oftlie slave trade in the District of Colombia. sih. Tho passage of a bill making more effectual provision for the recapture of fugitive slaves. This basis embraces everything necessary to bo considered, end if adopted, would lead to the most satisfactory- results. The five proposilions.tbove sla ted are reasonable and just, snd, if carried into effect, would accomplish all that is desired in reason. As to tho Idea of establishing an equilibrium, as contend ed for by Mr. Calhoun, we consider it 100 visionary to bo reduced to practice, and unnecessary if it were practicable, because tl would draw a distinction between northern and southern interests, which should not bo recognized. The glory and boast of all sections should be, that they form parts of the great American confederacy, and aio equal partici pants in its glory, prosperity and happiness. CONGRESS—WASTB OB' TIME, *• What ore they doing in Congress?" ii a question Itiat has been very frequently asked us within the last two months. No wonder is it that the people uro becoming impatient; for it is now four months since Congress assembled, and yet nothing—abso lutely, nothing of a public nature has been dona. The subject of slavery has ' occupied tho whole time of Congress thus fur, and each member seems resolved to Inflict a speech upon the country.. Now f we would aay.to (hose servants of the people— evato talking and go to work. In the anguoge of the Baltimore Clip* per, “ it is time that tho exciting question should be rescued to a committee for action, if it be not rnten tod to consume the whole session in useless, wrang* ting. There ie much important busmen to bo Irani* acted, which will bo neglected whilst tho Union 111 considered In danger. If Mr. Foote's proposition for 1 i a committee of tlmtcon bo adopted, and a judicious I selection of committee men be made, the storm will subside, and tho people will look to Congress (or • n , amicable settlement—but, if the war of words is to be continued, U would be more to the public interest that Congress should adjourn at once than to remain in session. Mernxo ki Sr. Loom—Sitrxroiv Bmtor'b Covaaa. The oppoaitioiv to Senator Benton in Mliaoorl ii fait diaappoaring. The democrale of St. Louie hold B largo meeting lait week, agd pined rcaolutioni do. nouncing oe troaeonablo the rcaolutioni of the Sleto Lcgialalure, on llio lubjeol'oT alavory in the lerrllo flea. After referring to the' eftbrli to dioaolre tho Union, Urey further rcaolve— That Senator Denton deaervoa llio homage of eve. ry patriotic heart for the vigilance, ability, and com rage which he haadiaplayedin arraigning Iheaetfea peralo eonapiratora before the American people, whllal other elite men have been deecired reapoclmg the purpoae of llicao men, and many of hia own beat frlenda have doubled or denied hia aagaelly on Ihla aubjool, and attributed hia invincible, hoelilily to the nullificra of 1832, to the rivalry of ambition, or to fixed prejudice in the nature of the man. Tho ap palling troth, at length viaiblo to all men, that the dralgn to acver the Union haa never boon rollni)ulih. ed, oumoß now to vindicate hia judgement and pa triullam, and, filla the nation with jual anxiety and ; alarm. ' CAPITAL—THE MOST PROFITABLE ... MODES OF INVESTMENT* In odf article on different kinds," • Meansof improvemcnti we promised to givo a few suggestions as regards j n or( j or ( 0 develop the greatest efficiency !n any. investment—which) In our opinion, was the most ’ imtrumentality, an acquaintance with four things Is : profitable way) and. in what manner it should be .necessary. First, o& the result to bo accomplished, conducted. It .is not our design to enter, Into an Second, of the material! to.bo acted on.. Third, of enumeration of the. very many modes of profitable (he moans within our power. Fourth, of the best investment, but only to take a' general view of it. methods of improving, combining, and applying the It iff a fact, .which all must know, that there it three profits to be made on all articles, before they | are ready for consumption. The profit on the raw material—the profit on the industry expended on the raw material—and the profit of the transportation of the article When finished, constitute the three. It should then ba the policy of. all who have capital to invest, whether in the shape of money or industry, so id do it as to be able to realize these three profits. The wealthy, those having (he capital in money, find no difficulty in investing It in this manner, owing entirely, to the.roeans and facilitations they can command. They can enter immediately upon tho enterprise, and in, a short time be realizing all tho profits which can be made; whilst those whom they employ are but making one profit, that of the indus try exerted—having but one capital, that of labor, Invested, they cannot reap but one profit. It may, therefore, be asserted that the wealthy capitalist has the advantage over the laborer, who haa no capital except his industry, in this particular, and that therefore the laborer cannot cpmniondtho profits, but has to rest content with the profit which his labor will afford. The plaa which is offered to Sustain such argument, is (hat he ie not able to pur chase machinery and raw material sufficient, and is incompetent to oeeomplibh (he duties which would devolve upon him in'suoh astalion. This can coeily be remedied. In (he word combination the poor man oan find assistance and capital. If one laboring man cannot, carry oh. three branches of business,' a hundred can. If one man has not sufficient capital to invest so as to reap tiro rewards of three profits, the mites of a hundred added together remedies the deficiency. So, a, combination of laborers, whose capital consists, principally, in'their industry, are able, if they will, combine* to accomplish that which the wealthy and monied can. There are many ether advantages to be gained by combination. Tbothieo profits would not only be realized, but by this system you would bo able to complete more work in the same time—your habits would bo regular, and you would be more accustomed to the duties you would have to perform, for ono of the first principles In combination is regulation and order. Every man would have one peculiar kind of work assigned him, and, therefore, there Would bo no waale of time in changing from one business to another. A person who has been in tho habit of working at one. particular business, can not drop it in a moment and turn his attention to another, and worj; with (ho samo alacrity and suc-| eoss. ■ It, will certainly take some time before ho is able to do what ho really should do nt tho business} and iu tho act of gaining (his faculty he loses those which lie possessed-in the business which he. had left, so that by (he time ho turns his attention to his former work, ho is unable to accomplish the same quantity that he otherwise would have accomplished had he continued at his own work and loft tho other for oho whose duly it was to Qllcrid to it. Here isa loss which is remedied by combination and regula tion. The poor man In this ease reaps all tho profits that are made. It should therefore bo tho desire of all laboring men to combine their industrial capital against the fixed capital of the, wealthy. Everyman should be a stockholder where ho is an operator.— All men, whose capital .is their industry, should hove “combination” for their watch-word. It is, the only manner in which they can compote with wealthy capitalists—ll. la the only way they oan, with any rapidity, augment their capital—it is by italone they can receive their just dues, and by it only can (hey expect to attain a comfortable and independent con dition in life. In short, it is tho most profitable manner of investment* TUADDEUS STEVENS. Thaddkus Stevens, of this Stale, undertook in hie I speech, delivered In the House of Representatives a few weeks since—to read a lecture to the people of Virginia. Ho has been cevorcly and-justly handled for some expressions he made use of on that ocoa* sion. The ilon.J.S. Millson,of Virginia,inaspcech delivered in the House of Representative*, a short time since, thus referred to Stevens t Mr. Millson said : 1 endeavored, Mr, Chairman, to gel the floor immediately upon tho close of tho re. marks submitted by one of the Representatives from Pennsylvania, [Mr. Stevens.] 1 wished to give in* slant expression to the irritation occasioned by the ;ross and offensive allusions to tho Sluts from which 1 come.' Thai irritation, however, was but inomen. lory, and lias since subsided into a quiet feeling of loathing and indignation—a feeling more fit the ac* cusation and the accuser/ In speaking of (he slave population of my State, and of .live omp'oymcnl of her citizens, that member hud the boldness to declare, that Virginia was now so degraded, (hat but I will not, cannot repeal tho gross language uttered by him. I.conld not do so without violating (ho da* corum.of this body—without outraging those propri* eties which should, at all times, bo respected andob served—without shocking tho delicacy of that por tion of our auditors, who attend our deliberations, in Iho confidence (bat (hoy will hear nothing (b offend their modesty or wound their sensibility. Sir, I do not mean to defend Virginia against such charges— sueh Imputations ns thcSe~*»sho would disdain’ to an* swer them. It would, indeed, bo a kind of.dogra* Ualion wore she, by even the humblest of her repre* IsentutWce, to acknowledge that such vindication [couldbo necessary* Tho member from Pennsyfva* 1 nia has no power, and can hardly havo tho. expocta* [iron to do her Injury. Does he talk of degradation?\ I Dues ho call degraded, tho nalVvo land 1 of Honry, of I [ Wythe, of Pendleton* Mason, Marshall, Jefferson, the Lees, tho Randolphs, and oi that greater man 1 than all, whoso wisdom and whose valor severed to the member from Pennsylvania the very privilege he has abased, of addressing the representatives uf a free and happy people? Look there! look thoroll (pointing to a full length portrait of Washington.]— Lot that majestic figure awo him into confusion and 1 shame. , 1 leave him to the condemnation of that constituency whoso opinions end feelings I am sure ho. has misrepresented. I leave him to the reproach* cs of his colleagues, whoso sense of.decency and luslico 1 know ho has outraged j and what Wilt bo far greater punishment than alt, 1 leave him to the blighting applause of hie sympathisers and abet* tors* Tin at. of Pitof, VVxbster.— The trial of Professor Webster for the murder of or. Parkman, commenc ed at Boston on Tuesday of last week, and has been progressing every day since. Abont twenty wltnes* sea for the Commonwealth have been examined.— The chain of evidence is strong ogainst the prisoner, end hit most zealous friends are now reluctantly compelled to belisvo him guilty of Iho murder. The Boston papers are filled with the evidence of witnes ses who havo been examined,and (ho public interest manifested in regard to tbe trial, is said to bo groat* sr than over. ' ~ Allegheny County.— The Democrats of this coun 1/ mat in Convention at Pittsburg, on tho IGtli init,, and n|>poin(ed fivo delegate* (oropreaonl that county in tho Domocrolio Stale Convention to nominate t candidate fur Canal Commissioner. After tho up* pointmenl of the Delegatee tho following resolution, was adopted by the Convention * , Raolved , That the delegates elected are instruc ted to support through every ballot,. Mr. Nimrod Strickland's nomination for Canal Commissioner, and that they use all honorable moons to secure hi* nomination. Tho dwelling house of Mr. Abpl Walker, near Uoisiown, York county, was entirely, destroyed by [ fire bn the morning of the V3th Inst. For the Volunteer. ' the conttotr ioHOoii sVsteu.-“NO a. means. , • In tlio present Inslanco, the result to be aceomps lishodis tho ./(armontaus development al the mental, moral, and physical powers of the child, and tho im portation of a certain amount of knowledge, so far as these ends can be-effected by a system of Com mon Schools, in a region not densely populated. It is not tb be supposed that -this point, or the other pointsgiavolved, can be trialed lo an eilent commen surato with their importance, in a few short news paper articles; we.ean only speak iirthe general and if our remarks shall lead, others to supply the detail, from their own thoughts and experience, mod ified, as.it must be, by the ever varying circumstan ces attending particular eases; cm object will bo ac complished. ' Correct views on the subject of education, as pro sonted in the question,." what constitutes an educa tion 7" are by no means common.- Many, perhaps tho majority, would answer that the education prop: or for a child to be made the subject of, at a Common School, consists in the acquisition, no matter hew, bf l a certain amount of knowledge, indispensable for the station in society, which the child is designed to oc cupy. Others wbnld answer, and we think cor rectly, that the education: proper for a child, even in a mental point of view, should havo reference, not so much to (ho Jacl of the acquisition of knowl edge, as to (ho mode or manner of acquisition— that a true mental education consists more In tho Aa&its of mind induced by the process of acquiring, than 'in the amount acquired. In . addition, they would answer that tho mind should be imbued -with the principles of morality ; arid besides, that care should be taken to develop, the physical powers, so as. lo ensure health, a leng life,-and a vigorous old ago. * - ■ The fact that man is endowed wltli mental, moral, and physical powers, should bd sufficient to secure our attention to their education. But we find that not only is little or no attention paid to physical and moral training.at homo, or at school, but moral train ing is sometimes forbidden-al school, from tlio fear, it is said, that tho teacher will lake/occasion to , in cutcale his own peculiar views. ' This no teacher should be permitted to do under pain'of- dismissions but ho should not bo prohibited from performing his proper part in the moral training of the child. Are there not general principles of religion and morality recognized by our.courts,and local and slate govern-; menls; and should not these be instilled into the mind of the child,.when at school, where so many opportunities occur which the moral and eonacicncious 1 teacher can sci3!o upon to benefit (ho moral character of (ho child. .Tube away, or neglect to cultivate those cardinal principles of religion and morality—ac countability to a higer power, attention to the dic tates of conscience, and respect for the laws —and what will soon bo tho fate of our boasted freedom ? The sentiment of. Washington, so frequently hoard, that the general diffusion'of knowledge Is necessary I lo perpetuate our institutions, is too frequently inter* I prelcd to the exclusion of the most Important p'bints, and which his own life so beautifully illustrated—our duties (o God, and lo Society. In a work, published 'under (ho p.ilrortsgc of the Common School authorities in tho State of New York, the following is said ip relation to mental and moral education: “To educate Iho intellect is not merely to pour into it a certain amount, of knowl-. edge, but it ts to so unfold, direct, ant strengthen ilsf powers, (hat it shall be prepared to be an ardent and 1 suceessful tetkerajter truth . It is to give it control over itself, and teach it to what id powers should be directed —lo enable it by practice to collect its ener gies at will and fix them long upon.any subject. It is to train tho sent** to observe accurately—the mem ory lo register carefully and reca : l readily—the reo* | Ison Vo compare, reflect, and judge without partiality lor passion. It is to Infuse into tho soul a principle | of cnduiing activity and euttostfy that will seek to know and investigate whatever is within the grasp of mind*" Of mural education it aiya i '• The child has prtf penalties lo evil, qffeeiiona that will impel him lo gratify olliera, and moral instincts, that incline him to duly. K these bo loft to thoinaclros, the propenti- He s predominate; (ho anbclions are exercised in ca prlclous nets of kindness or ehaiity t and the moral imtinet raises its monitory voice in vain. The mo« ral education should harmonize these powers, by re* storing conscience lo its rightful authority, and by replacing unreflecting impulses with fixed and en lightened principles, so % as lo enable him when pressed by fierce temptation,, to prefer loss,, die* grace, und even death itself, before dishonor. 1 * Ml*, tfeflloh** Opinion o t tUo Wilmot Pi-otlso. In the U. 8. Senate, some days since, during the dsbato on Mr. Clay's compromise resolutions, Co). Dknton rose and said: Mr. President i It lias been affirmed and dented on this floor that slavery was abolished in.MeXieo* I am one of these who affirm its abolition; and 1 pro 1 pose now to road some passages from Mexican law, for tho purpose of supporting my opinion. In doing ibis,.l shall have recourse to authentic law publics* lions In Mexico, and shall produce the laws on which 1 rely, both In (ho'original language and Inr ah Eng* liah translation, s • Col. Bknton then went on to quote, at length, from tho constitution and laws of Mexico, to prove what he affirmed; and he concluded his speech as follows: 1 conclude this exposition of Mexican law Inr rela tion to slavery, by producing the definition of that I word in Spanish law. For this purpose I quote from the ssmo law dictionary. In English * “ Sr.*VRRT: the condition of a man toho it the properly of another against natural right." I quote this definition for tho porpaso of showing that, under the laws of Spain, m force in Mexico, slavery was hold to bo oguinsl natural right—therefore not derived from nature, or divine hiw, but founded in municipal law, and only existing by positive enactment—and, by consequence,' (hat no argument in favor of slavery in New Muzi* co vt .California as an institution of divine origin, or of any origin in any place, independent of positive law, can derive any-countenance from Spanish law. Further theft this Ido not go at present. I limit myself to the three points, which, I believe, 1 have established: firtt, that slavery was abolished in Cal ifornia and New Mexico before we acquired those countries; secondly, (hat even If not abolished, no person would carry a slave to. these countries to bo hold under such lew; thirdly, that no slavery can Hereafter exist in either of thoee countries, except hy virtue of positive law, yet tabs passed, Ihe practical explication tsAieA I make of tAts exposition q/ iaio, is, ’ tAat tho proviso, of which wo have hoard so much, is of no force whatever—unnecessary in any point of view—and of no more oflfcct, if passed, than a piece ’ of blank paper pasted on the statute book. Tlk« Gotti Furor lit lowa* Tho Burlington (Iowa) Gazette thinks ihoCollfor nin emigration from that Sluto for the present year will more thdn double that of last year. It says that at least ono hundred will go from that town alone, and from two to three hundred from the poun. ly, Several of tho most skilful and substantial ms* ohanlcs of Burlington are among tho number prepa* ring to leave. Tho Gastello adds r—One reason, pro* bably, why tho furor prevails among us to suoh an extent is, that with scarcely an exception all who left last spring—about 100~havo written back' en couragingly, 1 HON^JAUBtf’X« U’IiANAHAN, : .We wore about.lo prepare an articlo'in defence of j this fearless and of'DemooraCj, and ju reply to ilia villainous attacks.that haire been upon him by that mercenary sheet,the Chamberaburs Repository, when the following remarks ofthat able Democratic journal, the York Gazette, met our eye. Wo will merely remark that the accomplished,mcnv ber of Congress representing this district cannot bo injured by the puny assaults of Federal scribblers; The people know hini as a high-minded honorable man, who has the ability and the will to pursue a straight forward course in his present position. But to the remarks of’the York Gazette, which we give in lieu of what we had intended to writes , The remarks recently made by Hon. James X. Ml - of Pennsylvania, in the House of Repre- i senlatives at Washington, skeins to have disturbed | the equanimity of the Federal print in his county, the Chambersburg Repository. Wo find, m that pa per of last week, nearly a column of balderdash de voted to Mr. M’Lanahan’s speech, the editor all the i while protesting that the speech is ollogclher unwor- , thy of notice. To,use the elegant language of the Repository, the speech is denounced as “ the puerile production of a locofooo demagogue, 1 ’ “ a miserable abortion,” “ a perfect failure,” “ u miserable, puny effort,” yet the editor seems to have considered it necessary to waste almost a column of llib valuable spaco in his paper, in an attempt to break the effect it might have upoYi the minds of his readers—those readers to whom the Repository has been gtring as surances, over since the nomination of Mr. M’Lana han in 1848, of the utter incapacity of that gentleman. It would not do to permit truthful and- eloquent re marks of a “locofoco, demagogue” to bo presented to the readers of the Repository, without an effort to mar their force—they presented, in their elegance ond finish, and in' the Justice of the sentiments, evi dence of the; injustice with which the Repository and its political associates had treated thejr author du ring the campaign which resulted in his triumphant election. Perhaps, too, it was thought that if the prejudice of parly were not enlisted so,as to present an impartial judgement of the remarks, a contrast might bo suggested between the “ locofoco ” who now represents the district, ond his federal predcccs aor, who was chosen by the party which claims to embody “all the intelligence” of the country. But, to make the best of the thing, was the business. The speech wa« delivered—it was. sound, sensible, creditable to the.representative and Ills constituents. The main body of them Would be likely to road it, unfortunately, whether it. should bppear in the Repository or not. The best thing fur the Repository's purpose, was to pul on a bold face, publish (bo speech, ond in the same poper to' give the key nolo to its Whig readers, that they must think and speak dls paringly of it. ■ If the readers of the Repository, however, do not disappoint this expectation, then intelligence mual .be on a par with tbo sense of decency of their editor- Wo have rarely seen a more senseless, fiUljy.and ; altogether unwarranted assault, than lh.il of the Repository in the instance wo have referred to upon Mr/M’Lnnalion —and wo very much mistake the ' character of the voters in the ro.ijly intelligent district, If it do not contribute to increase his ina ■ jorlly if he should bo a candidate for ro-clcclinn.— i The wings there feel that he is a head and shoulders luller in intellectual stature than any of their party in the three counties—and lichee ilia that they dread 1 his strength—hence, 100, it is, that the smallest souled among them, (the of the Repository • among the number,) aro impelled' by a necessity of their nature to attempt to blackguard him down. ' But all such efforts must, fall. There is not o district in the Stale that might not be proud of such a representative os James X. M’Lonahnn. • His la ' lonlsand .his wortli.aro 100 sterling to be tarnished by.broalhing upon llicih.the foul breath of vilupcra ' lion. Federalism-Jobur district has given Us u rep rcsontativo that we would bo glad to exchange for ■ the elcgant*and accomplished gentleman so bitterly maligned by (ha Repository. Constables and Justice* of Cumberland Coui The following persons were elect Justices at the Peace In the diffci this county, at the late spring elcc 7 VwHthipt, Samuel Uhrlch, John B.Conrar, P. Eborly, .Stephen Keeper*, , A.LSlinnulor/ Jnhn Anld, Gao. W. Criswell. Jacob LongneeHer, David Shively. Ifftnial Lecktfy. (npeweiff . David 8. lUmaha, lampdeir, Henry M.Stonfikr, Thomna' Lindsey, Jnhn Mnrphny, [lsaac Kinsey. m.'D, Dulhouaen, Jama* U. Irvine, James VV. Allan, David Kore/non, Joseph Moaacr, Perea Honftrd. Win. D. Million, Samuel Martin, Southampton, Knhert 8. M’Cntio. Sliippcnaburß Tp. Alex, Highlands, •• l)o., John Fisher, , Silver Spring, Francis Eckels, Wcstponnahorodgh, David Donlinger, n Edward Phillips, Mwtr Allen, Upper Alien,. Cdrlblo, SAsI Ward. •• - Well Ward, Dlckinsnn. GfMlpenntbornuch, Frankfofd* Monroo, , Mechanics vntft Mllllln, Newvills, Newton. New Cumberland, Sorth Middleton, outh Middleton, - For the Volunteer. ' TUB POTATO HOT# Mr, Editor— l have found the best way of ai riving at a fact in any particular case, is to prove it by experience. There has been much specu lation and many theories presented in regard to the cause of what is called *• the Potato Hot,” all of which, taken together, have failed to furnish a specific for this wide spread disease. In medical science I believe it la. a pretty general rule with practitioners to ahj the efforts of nature, which always lend toward her own cure; so also in moral science there.are fixed rules which if prop erly used, will aid the student in his Inquiries after truth ; therefore, In our own Inquiry after thu cause of the Potato Rot/' wo ftafe nought to do but “eye nature's walks,** and follow her through all her devious windings, and she will conduct us to that point from which we may discover the desirable object of bor pursuit, thu cause of the " Potato Rot. I *. It is said of the create# “ great are thy works —ln wisdom hast thou made them all.” In giv ing to every creature its nature and properties, in both the animal rfnd vegetable world, unerring wisdom has imparted the faculty or properly of perpetuating Its own species—this being the fact, our course (a obvious. It is a well known fact, that youth is vigorous and oar# endure much, and that age is feeble and can endure but little, and is much more liable to be affected by the diseases of unpropitous sea sons ; this is the case in the vegetable as well as in the the animal kingdom. Then— Tho only way to avoid the potato rot is to re new the vigour of the plant, which is all that is wanted, by growing fresh seed taken from the potato apple, and the writer will vouch for the result of the experiment. Two years ago 1 grew some small potatoes from the opple % and last year t planted- the new seed in my lot, In a row parallel with and adjoin ing other rows planted with old seed . When the product of tho old seed was* uncovered the rows presented a mass of decomposed matter which emitted'a very offensive smell. On opening the row in which the new seed was planted the pota toes wore found to be matured, healthy and vigor ous. This experiment, I think, clearly demon strates or exhibits tho cause of tho *• Potato Rot." Tho philosophy, therefore, of the Potato disease; is simply tnis—the potato has boon replanted from the old root, In many secii.Qins of the country from ilmo Immemorial without renewing the seed in the, way that Ndturo has designed, till at 1 length exhausted by reproduction it tails a prey to the oasuaiUios Incident to all tho animal and veg etable creation, tho feebleness'and Intimities of old age, Lot tho farmer supply himself with healthy and vigorous beed f and his hopes of an abundant crop will bo fully, realised in alt propi tious seasons. 9\ 8. Ml Newville, March, 1850. ' w. n. ». (E7»Tho Noshvlllo Banner says that Tennessee is against the Southern Convention, and invitoe attention to the resolutions that were recently passed by both, branches of tho Slate Legislature. GoNtrißMßo.—On Mondtay the Senate confirmed the appointment of W. J. White, Postmaster of Philadelphia, /•' The difficulty «o long existing in the Democratic ranks of,New York hate at length been happily healed, and the party -Is now completely united, The mis-doings and venality of, the National, Adminii. (ration have Induced our.friends in that State to come together end moke a united stand against laderal ism. The first result of this Unite is a gloiiou* tri umph for the Democrats jit the late, spring ft\ec lions. We have already announced the triumphant elcc-t lion of Henry K. Smith, as Mayor of the City 0 f Buffalo, The result shows a gain of SEVENHUNw DRED AND SEVENTYNINE since’last spring —a result, says the Courier of that city, •‘ brought about by the untiring exertions of true men, faithful to the .Democratic party through good and evil.-.- Never (it adds,) did tbs Democracy of Buffalo more' truly distingush themselves by cordiality of feeling and harmony and unity of action, than on this oc casion.!’ Syracuse Redeemed.—' The Syracuse Standard an. nouncea a Waterloo-defeat of Taylor Whiggcry in that city. ' The Democratic candidate for Mayor has been elected by 600 hmjbrily. The Syracuse Journal (wing,) brings in thoTollbwing verdict upon the catastrophe. . • The result is a signal and 'total defeat or the Whios, both on the city and the several ward tick ets. . RocHKstka.— Richardson, Democrat, is ' elected Mayor by three hundred and fifty to funr hundred majority; and a Democratic overseer of thb poor and city attorney/ Clinton Countt Erect— A letter. to the Albany Alla*, from Plaltsbnrg, March 6, says j” Our town meeting in this county cumo bfiTyeslcrduy. Eleven' of the. twelve towns elected Democratic Supervisor*. Last year, seven to five.” COM. PERRY AND CAPT. C. G. ZIUNTBR, Thu fact has boon already slated that Capf, Hunter is to be summoned shortly before a Court oflnquiry, lo explain the reason why he captured the town of Alvarado, in Mexico, during the late war, In advance;of orders from Com. Perry. In the New York Herald of Saturday, we find the following letter from Capt. Hunter 16 Com. Per ry. If we may judge from the language used by Capt. Hunter, we. conclude that he lacks the qualities of a gentleman, let his military charac ter be what it may. Com. Perry of course w ill never answer or notice (his insolent epistle—ho would degrade himself by so doing. None but a blackguard could write such a letter, and it should bo treated with, the silent contempt it de serves. Com. Percy is too well known as a bravo and intelligent Naval officer to be injured by ungentlemanly assaults. Hut to the letter: tlte Veaco for led Conalablcaand rent.townships of jliofi 1 Con»tdblet. Juttlrts. John Vimnp,. William Solandert, Boberl M’Usrtney, Wm. 11. Horn. John dandy, H. VV. Darnbaugfc, Peter Mfnfch, John Stevkkr Daniel Erb, Peter Mvinjer, C. U. Ouyrr, Andrew Tailor; Tima, 11. Knisht,. Char U-i Brewster* Jacob Swt'ilzcr, Jr. Qeo. N. Ili.ch, Jtfcub llitucr. Tftomnf fllhbelt. Ellas flocli', 1.. (2. Duluy, Jacob firnss. William Mpore, NEW YORK SPRING ELECTIONS 14 Jn union there is strength," . From the Madison County Reflector. Hamilton Rcdekubd.— After the most strenuous exertion* on tlio pait pf both Democratic and Whig parlies, the majority of the Democratic ticket was elected on Tuesday last Mr. Green, our candidate for Supervisor, i* elected by 94 of a majority; Ma son, Justice, is elected by IC. It i* impossible lo give the exact majorities, but it is enough llmt ilio town ha* gone Demoorotjc. Glorious news from Lebanon 1-r Lebanon Imsgoiie Democratic ! The Democratic Supervisor is elected by one majority. The remainder of the ticket equally close, but the majority is Democratic. ’Madison has gone Democratic. National Hotel, 7 Washington, March 11, 1850.3 Sir—l some time, since addressed you a com* munical ; on, upon which you informed me that it was your intention to lake official action. Why have yon not done itl Uis due to your repute tion as Well ns mine, that some positive action should be immediately taken. 1 hope and pray, It tuny be personal, but from n thorough knowl- . edge of your character, I piesumo U.wili be of ficial. • Kvery one knows that you have never yet been accused of a noble or geiienud act, and no one knows it better than myself. Why did you Come home and undermine the veteran' Connor, and why have you not dune justice to the noble and daring ? l 4 atnnll 1 These are questions which 1 surmise.you will riot answer; but, sir, 1 will i answer them for you. It was founded upuujvai oosy, and wUh«.»iany notrilrty of character, yoa determined to violate every rulo of honor for the elevation of yourself and family/ In my youth, when a yohng ai d innocent hoy before the down was upon my check, or-a malicrons feeling had entered my busom; did yptr attempt to crush mo lb the earth hy the strong arm of pwer. h ap pears however, that w hom yon then fried fo destroy,* has since, grown to manliond, that the fr<sts if forty odd winters now sprinkle his locks, frsd lie stands lidorc you cud, your equal in every except that military rank behind which you l shel ter yourself. I have not employu) have) iony press to defend me; neither have 1 been so* base as to apply to. bn enemy for a certificate agalnsta brother officer, tv hen all the information cmild have been obtained from those yottng and gallant ofTtcers.who served under my command* and who then surrounded you. In MixicolljC' [price of human life is fifty cents; what you pa ,r * this man for his false certificate (dictated. I l ,a T£ no doubt, by. jf o) t ftm tv am, bat would seek information from ygu if I thought Von posswW“ sudicicienl honor to tell the irnlfi. I have cla nothing for the small affair at Alvarado and I Inc nlaipan, although 1 feel confident that if your brother-in-law, McKenzie, (who proposed to hang mo for insubordination) or any other o your rclathns, had done the same, yen would na o come forth to the world with a flaming proclama tion* and recommended him to the Government for promotion. I did not, sir, demand an nncoo ditlonal surrender of “ Alvarado V and 4 * l iaea lalpan” without receiving 1 It; neither did i, after making that .demand, retreat, as you dio under, fire of the enemy',at“Tobasco. retreated, sir, from “Tobasco** under fire of mo enemy, after demanding ah unconditional rurien der; and you know perfectly well that.when one of the most gallant officers of our navy w* killed, (Charles VV, Morris,) It was retreating* with a white flag flying at your fore. 1 na**’ employed no one, sir, to make me a cartoon of “Alvarado.** You have been wow fortunaW than myself, and I sincerely congratulate J oU .* n having one who has enabled you to place on me walls of the Navy Department your ff rca . l l , i ? d glorious* victories. 1 have no doubt you will be handed down to posterity equally; illustrious with you* great and noble brother, upon whose* topute" lion you have lived'Bo long. Respetfolly* etc* ‘ s “ O. G. IIUNTRIt, Com. M. 0. Pannv, U, S. Navy. Tub California Overland Eakdition— 'Tbe 8V Louis Republican stale?, that from* present indieo* tionsthe emigration to California, across tbe Plain**- will bo equally as largo, If not greater, then the cm*' igrallon by Uiq same route last spring. T* lB now being better known, tbe suffering will nolbo »*»' severe. Tub Ska Scm'kht Aimorb.—Tbe marine roonslsrV whose existence, spile of so much evidence, is son* sldercd somewhat opeohrypha), is likely to bo snsK ut Hist,-and'will dbubtloss soon bo a “ curio*!*/ 1 Ra mam's popular resort. When lust board ft 0 ” 1 had bcori piirsuei) and fired at near Ch«rlcit° D ' “ u poileripl in the Courier gives- n report ' was ashore near Beaufort, and the whole pbpulal o had turned out to capture him. Wo hope they ***•/ succeed, if only -to gratify . nMurttiltls',and 00 M»e question, whether there are any kinks n tall. CC? Gough is lecturing on Temperance et Hi! falo. , • (T? Jomes ssys, that the qulskeet w»J W' T®* 1 the ifoi of war is to sst dowu on a hernft f. nesi.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers