THE VOLUNTEER Ilnlm n. Ilrattou, Editor rni.l Proprietor. OAU.I.ISI.E, TBBKSniT, JAN. li, I*4o. FROM BAttIUSDURCJ. Election of United State* Senators—On Tuesday, on the third, vote, the Hon. Jamba Cooper, of Adams county, was elected United Stales Senator, for six years from the 4th of flldreh next. The volo stood as follows: _ . . Istbai. 3d bal. 3d bal. Richard Drodhcnd, Dcip, ”62 - 6*2 62 JAmorCooper, Fed. 57 60 66. Thaddeus Stevens, Fed, .7. 6 3 Wm/ftlrMoredith, Fed, 3 I . n Qeorjß^ordr'Nntiv^: - 3. <> 0 s"^’ r: Ctfbpcrla the first adminis tegislatutev Ho rtas warm ly opposed by Governor Johnston and his particu . J btouahl oul Stevens and Meredith *'*-% opposing candidates. .The aristocrats arid big the parly were to a man opposed to Coo -hut they have been most completely floored. --..'The Democrats, it will bo seen, adhered to their 'noroiriee, Hon. Richard Brodhead, who although Vdefoated, would have been elected if the Demo /©ratio votes could have secured this result, and who is in every way worthy of the high honor ’ his Democratic frien'ds desired to confer upon him. The Legislature.—-But little business hnayel ;|iecn transacted by our State Legislature, In the ; Senate Georgo Darsie,' (Federalist,) has been ‘elected Speaker., All the other officers of the Senate are of the same stripe in politics. In the House the Demccrals succeeded in electing their Speaker, Gen. Packer, and tho Clerk, William Jack, Esq. The other officers of the House not ,y,ot elected. Several articles intended for Ibis day's paper have been crowded our, for the purpose of making room for the Message. Two or three advertise ments shared a similar fate... We are indebted to Auditor General Purvlapce for.a copy of his annual Rep%t. * Also to James Burns, Esq., of the Canal Board,'for a copy of the annual Report of the Canal Commissioners. Mojot I»bwib Cabs has .been confirmed by the •U. S. Sonato as Charge to Rome. * Canal Commissioners Convention.— The De mocratic State Central OoromiUeo have appointed Pittsburg as the place, and . the 4th of July next as the time, for holding, the Canal Commissiners Convention. ‘ New Attorney General. —Governor Johnston has appointed Cornelius Darragh, Eaq., of Pitts burg, Attorney General, in the. place of James Cooper, Esq., resigned. This appointment has taken the Federal camp by surprise, Mr. Darragh never having been thought of in connection with the Attorney General's office. HAnßi&Duno RuMPRS.—It is stated that Govern or Johnston, James M. Power, (Federal Canal Commissioner.) and JVm. M. Watts, of this county, are about to buy out the. “Telegraph” and “Intelligencer.” the two Federal papers-at Hamsbn(g, and issue in their place a new Go vernment organ, under the control of Mr. James Johnston, the Governor's brother! A bcatifu) party, truly, ' ' “Tflj Pennsylvanian.”— This.able and fearless Democratic journal—published in Philadelphia/by Hamilton & Forney— comes to us dressed in a new Brevier type, and. presents a fine lively appea rance. Beyond doubt it Is one of (ho best conducted political papers in tho Union. Its editor, Co). For ney, is gentleman well known to tho public as a pungent and powerful writer/whose zeal in behalf of . Democratic principles has made his. name fa miliar to every true Democrat. Most sincerely do we with success to the Peuntylcanian and its enter prising proprietors. The Saturday Morning Post. —We have received the first number of & large and beautiful paper, bear* fng the above title, printed at Pittsburg, by L. Har* . rKR, Esq., editor of the Pittsburg Daily Post. The Saturday Post is devoted to politics, literature, news, agriculture, commercial intelligence, dec., &c., and bids fair to be a most useful ami entertaining jour* nal. Mr. Hat pur, its editor, is a bold and vigorous writer, and understands how (a please that surly old gentleman, The Public. Should uny of our friends desire a gbod and cheap family paper from (ho snioky city of (he west, wo would recommend the Saturday Morning Post. , Terms 92 per annum in advance. (C/* Thanks to Han. Daniel Sturgeon, of the U. 6. Senate—to Hon. Daniel. S. Kauffman, of the H. of Reps., for their attention in sending us documents. We are also under obligation to Messrs. Slerrell and LambefUm, of the Stale Legislature, for favors rc* eeived.' Don't Dkuxvk It.— An exchange-paper assures Its readers that “ a person who pays regularly for hi* I newspaper Is not susceptible of hydrophobia.' 1 Wo don't behove it—but still we would recommend all oar subscribers to try the txptriment . “Nothing like trying.” * Kentucky U.S.Senator.— The Hon. Thomas Metcalf, has been elected to tho United States Senate by the Legislature of Kentucky. Ho now occupies ihtJ geat vacated by Mr. Ciiltendon. "Merchant's MdKibbcn, Ksq., Postmaster of Pittsburg, wo understand, has leased the Merchant's Hotel, In Philadelphia, from the I'st of April next. q 3» We"are pleased to see that tbo Pennsylvanian coincides >llh ui in opinion in regard to the Report of the Posl-Maeler-Genorol. Wo hope to sco the press, of all. parties, speak out on this question* The recommendation of Mr. Johnston regarding (he pro* payment by publishers of postage on all papers sent by them through mail, and the drying of (heir papers be fore Wing mailed, are so Impracticable and absurd, that wo think dnij requires every editor to denounce the recoprmiendatlon, and expose Its unfairness,— Ajjalb vvo say,,let the press speak out. Truly Ditxiießsißo Fmi in po, it c AnBON 0 1 Tuesday evening cflaai wor-k, ag wo loarn f(0 ' the Potisvllle Emporium, the house of Philin Sttinbaeh, al Port Carbon,wss entirely destroyed >y Rre,and, horrible lo relate,throe of Ms children fcll victims IFour ohlldten, It seems, wore lofi at homd while the parents wont to church, and w(teq.tho Ore was first discovered, it hud udvon ccd so far that U was impossible to enter the house and reaoita the little sufferers, Tire eldest child escaped yvKKout injury, Tits Fops of ous. Borquoji.— 'At a lalo meeting of t iho cltllcna of our borough, the following named feDllcmen ware oppolnled to roooivo contribution! from onr oltlzona for the relief ol the poor of Car* Nile—JohnM.Grogg.Polor Mbnyor, Thot.H.Skllea, BanuelA.Coy 10, Henry A. Dotoy. Sarauol Enamin. ftr, H. fi. Ritter, Qcofgo Wiio.Jaflob-C. Duty.— JtfOO W, £b j trie appointed Treasurer. GOVERNOR JOHNSTON'S MESSAGE. _ - “ A poor jtlayiir •That almla and fVbts his hour upon Ihu stage. And then is-heard no mure:?’ - v Wo have read'tho-Message of tho .present acting Governor and .the .Governor elect of - this great Com monwealth, with some pleasure and some feelings of -that . the force of public opinion ' should moke even a Federal, GovoVnor pro. mise in-sonic things to approximate to a Democratic policy—humiliation at tho mixture of the evil with (he-gqod, and the little faith it gives us that the Go* verhor is not paltering u with us in a double sohso; 1 * that he will not ' “Keep tho word of promise to tbo ear .... Ant) break it to tho hope I" . Ills Excellency pays a handsome tribute to the sterling worth of his immediate predecessor in office, the groat, good, and lamented' Shunk, whilo he ac knowledges (hat M a difference of political views sep. arated them many years before his death’*—a clinch ing confession on the part of his Excellency, that ho has left his old political associations, and sadly fallen from the faith of his fathers. May ho prove the old adage untrue, that one’renegade is worse than ton Turks.’* ' In a business point of view, the Message, hi stylo and arrangement, is commendable. Ho estates the amount of indebtedness of Ihe Commonweakh, the accruing revenue, anil. makes suitable suggestions as to a sinking fund being raised for Us gradual liquidation—though we-confess wo do not like the idea of Belling bunk charters in order to raise that fund. Far better lux the people directly, than exact as & condition of bank charters “the paymentofa certain per centago on the capital of these inslUu. (ions, in addition to the taxes already assessed on banks by existing laws.” This exaction from’ the . banks has a tendency to make the people look to thorn for relief in every contingency, whilu they in turn will tulco by hook or crook tho amount thus levied, from the people themselves. Better, far bet ter, (ax tho people directly, and teach them (o roly, upon their own resources, than tax them indirectly, making the bunks the almoners of their own bounty, and cause them to place undue reliance upon bank ing institutions, which never yet produced a dollar of wealth, or increased tho wealth of the community one penny. All their resources are derived from tho labor and sweat of the people, and all 'the exactions placed upon the banks are eventually levied, on the people, and have a tendency to make the Legislature and their constituents subservient to these .institu tions. . The Governor recommends cancelling the old Relief issue and substituting a now issue in their stead, until such lime ,os they can be entirely withdrawn from circulation. He aisareoommends the banishment by suitable penalties, of the circulation of notes of a less denomination than live dollars, of tho banks of other States, and thinks ,we had far bettor permit our own banks to issue notes of k less denomination than five dollars, than suffer these foreign'notes to circu late among us, when tbo banks issuing them may be of a very doubtful character. On tho subject of banking, the Governor is a little enigmatical He stales in one part of his Message that “tho increased prosperity, population.and busi ness of the country, may require additional banking facilities”—and in another, lie stales that* 1 in periods of groat commercial and manufacturing prosperity, an inflation of the currency beyond tho wants of sound, wholesome trade, loads to unwise, and often ruinous speculation.”.'Tho plain. English of which Is, tnat “additional banking facilities” will no doubt, from his former voles in tho Legislature, and the well known views of his supporters, form a leading feature of his, administration—and after the conse quent ruin, he may with a smile turn round and say, you cannot blame mo, for. I warned you against “an inflation of the currency.” * There ate some sentiments of the Governor on this subject which wo hero notice, us a matter of future references, hould it become necessary, and which we now place upon the record. They are these i “That the Increase of banking facilities is instru mental in reusing the country iq limes of commer cial distress, iKbclicf ui.prevalent ns It is unsound. It may postpone the crisis, but It cannot afford re lief.” “In short, tho amount of the circulating medium, should depend on tho actual, and not tho imaginary wants of tho country.” “ From these observations, the Legislature will readily perceive' that uny extraordinary increase of banking capital, in the present depressed condition of trade, is not consistent with, my views of tho gen eral welfare.” • « r . . What the Governor himself means by "any ex* (ruordinory increase of banking capital," remains to bo seen. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. On the doctrine of the individual liability of the stockholder* of banking institutions, by which these ( corporations con bo held to the liquidation of their debts ais well as private person*,, his Excellency is "us silent as tho grave." With him the belief is manifest that " corporations have no souls," and ought to have none. ■ It is quite certain they have no conscience, .whether their unwieldy bodies bo onl mntedby souls or not. This tenet of the Democratic party is firmly established. This cherished doctrine , is deeply sealed in the hearts of the people, is watch* 1 led oVor by the spirit of tho departed 9hunk r und on 1 I the fust fitting occasion will be moved to " resurroc. thin and to life." Tho contemptuous silence of tho present Executive will never permanently consign It to " the tomb of tho Capulcls." ' On tho subject of the tariff, the Governor seems wedded la tho old exploded doctrines of protection. Ho talks as though ho thought the Commonwealth 1 of Pennsylvania was but a community of iron mas. tors. , It is true he throws In a little gammon about the rewards of labor ( and the danger of the liibtr of this country being brought , dowtr to the level of tho pnupor.labor of Europe, but it Is all' gammon, and ho knows U. Hu tiles.to render tho agricultural por* (ion of tho community satisfied witli tho protective doctrines, by giving utterance to palpable absurdities, and which he know are absurdities. For instance, in speaking pf Uto agriculturalist, ho soys—“ The home market |s his only reliance, M This great .nb* surdity Is refuted by looking at the table of the ex ports of breadstuff* .for tho last throe years, and wo venture to say that tho future history of tho country will render ll still more palpable. On tho whole, this part of the Governor's Alossaga •macks very much of his speech delivered on the portico of (ho Mansion (louse Hotel of this place, while he was canvassing (ho Static for (ho suffrages of hit “ fellow citizens."-, ll Is the same humbug* gory revamped, and is an effort to prove that the ed ucation of the poor, the wag v c» of tho laboring man r the Interests of the farmer, in fact every thing, do* pends on a protective tariff! Hb would no doubt intimate, if il became necessary, that unless the pre, sent "unjusUttritflaw" be repealed, the cows will give bloody milk— un soma' future fourth day of Jbly, wWoh Daniel Wdi.tcr onoo pointed out «■ (lio period ortho third w.r with Great Britain. Tho Governor wind, op with a little doee of •'Fred Soil,” nnd tho curtain fall.- for ll„ ICT TliollarrUburg Telegraph— u rank Federal print—fur tho purpose of showing n, D »po» a i, r i,;„ of General Taylor. copl*. aovorul onlolea from Eng. Uih Tory papers, which rejoice over Ihe.oleellon of Taylor and,(bo, dolbotor Oon. Case. No doubt Johnny Dull Is well pleased at tbo result of tho elec tion, In IboUnilod Stoics. Hp always tojuiees (o hear oflbo tuccesi ofbla/rfrmla. I GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE. To the Senati' 6 t nd House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania :. 'FkmJow .Citizens —In performing the responsible duties unjoined by the Constitution, on-, tho Executive of the Slulc, a-sinccro plonsu.ro U foil in addeMsing ul-llic commencement of odeb session of the Lrolslu lalure.'tho immediate rcprescnlatlves.of the - people. To present to them in faithful candor ihotruo' posi tion ot public affairs, to suggest remedies for known wants, to oid : in the enactment of such measures os the interests, happiness and welfare of the citizens seems to demand, is not llio less gratifying that if is iryido the duty of the'Executive dcpailment. The events of the past year, will not fail to leftch us the lesson‘of an overruling'’Providence and the gratitude' we owe ns a people for the'blessings which, through the wisdom of Almighty Goodness, have been vouch*, suleti to tjip nation. , When the representatives of the people hist met, there . existed between our country and ft' neighboring ropuolio, a fierce and bitter war. The result, indeed! was-not doubtful, for with a peo* pie justly celebrated among.nations, for their uncon* querablo bravery, unsurpassed skill in military affairs, arid."their great.superiority over thoir enemies .In physical and mental qualities, victory wB3\tho tiooes* sury consequence; yet lhe undecided contest wji a source of profound regret, for the sacrifice of huirian life,,and the expenditure of public and private troa* sure necessary to of peaceful relations. ' , A . It is therefore gratifying lo know that the war has fully terminated, and that Peace, the rational desire of all, sheds again its blessings on every portion of our country. To the Almighty Father, who in'mpfcy turned the hearts of. (he rulers of both countries,'“to lay aside the sword, to cultivate the spirit orly kindness, and to establish peaceful relations be tween the citizens oftheir respective governments, wb owe the deepcsl'ond most fervent gratitude. abundance of our harvests, the blessings of continued and general* health, and the preservation of otir civil and religious rights; os guaranteed to us by thwfreo instilulians of oaf country; while destitution, misery, and convulsed goVefmiibnls, and precorions civil and religious institutions harass the people of other lands, should produce in our hearts a fervent acknowledge, mem of Hia superintending kindness and mercy. ; In thojalo contest with Mexico,lhisCommonwcalth was called upon by the National Government, lo fur. nisli a portion of the troops deemed necessary by tho constituted authorities to carry.lho war to n success* ful issue; Willi this requisition it is scarcely neces sary (p alate, our-Commonwealth complied .willi the alacrity which has heretofore distinguished .her among her sister republics. AJargo volunteer force was instantly placed at the disposal of tho National Government, and it is a matter of just pride to their fellow citizens, that in the discharge of evory duty, these volunteers maintained the honor of. the State, and the renown oftheir country. . The'citizen soldier who fortunately escaped death, has returned lo his family and friends, after, having earned for himseJF and the Stale, a . reputation for undaunted bravery, for enduring and patient suffering, and manly and heroic virtue that the future annalist will delight to record. It is dub to these patriotic citizens, that this coni* inonwoulllr do some act os an acknowledgement of their . past illustrious services. To the memory of the dead who felt in the service of their country, it is tho duly of Hie Slate to erect a suitable monument, that their bravery and virtue may ho enduringly re membered,and their heroic sacrifice emulated in oilier limes, should tho- safety pflhe coun try require it from future generations. Since the adjournment of the last Legislature, the Chief Executive Officer of the Commonwealth, the late Gov. Shunk, has sunk beneath the malady which then afflicted him. Ho died, on the 30th day of July, 1848.’ . It will not be deemed improper in mo to sny a few words in reference to tho character of the illustrious deceased* The laic Gov. Shunlc having spent a large portion dflns life in the public service, and having mingled much with his fellow citizens, was well and exten sively known throughout the Stale, and it is with pleasure the circumstance is recalled to my mind, that at one period of his life, I had the honor to enjoy his intimate personal friendship. During our intimacy, it always gave him great pleasure to aid and assist the young and unexperien ced, to relievo the distressed, and In impart, to his fellow men by wards of kindness, and deeds of charily as largo a share of happiness .as his condition would allow.’ - ■ •>- ** His intercourse with others was courteous, his friendships were lasting, his attachments strong and enduring,. while his resentments for injury, were transitory ami made no permanent impression in his bosom. It may with truth bo said of Gov. Shunk, that ho wos a sincere friend, a good neighbor, a pure Christian and nn honest man. Sucii was the repu tation ho sustained among his fellow citizens when my intimacy with him, gave mo a knowledge of ills character, and although n difference of political views separated Us for many years before his death, his friends, at a later period of his life, have Arne testi mony that the saintepurily of intention ahl desire of well doing remained with him until the hour of his dissolution. , % : . # * - The LcgißUtur&lfrcspcctfully invited to take such action in relation, to the decease of the first Chief Magistrate of the. Commonwealth, whoso death oc. currcd during the period for vvhicli ho was elected, as may be deemed most appropriate to express Us sympathy for the sorrow and bereavement of the sur viving relatives, and to testify respect for the memo, ry of thu-virtucs of the distinguished dead. . Prior to the dcccso of Gov. Shunk; on the 9th day of July, 1818, as appears by tho records in the State Department, ho resigned (ho olTica of Governor of tfiis Commonwealth, and Ihurciipon Under the provi sions of tho 14th section of tho 2d article of (ho Con. stitution, which declares, that " in ease of tho death or resignation of (ho Governor, of of his removal from office, tho Speaker of the Senate shall exercise the office of Governor, until another Governor ohnll lie duly qualified," tho.dntles of tho Executive Do partment of the Government devolved on mo. . Oificiul information of ll)o net of resignation did not reach mo until (ho I7(h day of July, 1848. The section of tho constitution herein referred to nlurj de clared in reference to (ho same subject, (hat "in inch cuso another Governor shall he chosen at the next annual election of Representatives, unless such death resignation or rcmoyol shall occur within three cul. oudur months Immediately proceeding Bitch next annual election: In. which ease a Governor shall ho chosen ot the second succeeding annual election of Representatives." By tho 3<Uh sccllon of. tho apt of llio General Assembly relating .to Uib,elections of this Commonwealth, 11. la provided, th&tvin.pase any vacancy shall occur In tho office of Governor of this Commonwealth,more (hah three calendar month* next proceeding (he second Tuesday In October In ■ any year, it shall be (ho duty of tho Speaker ol* (ho f Senate, or whoever shall belli tlio exercise of (he , office of Governor, to Isruo his writs to thcShcrifik nf the several counties, requiring them to give the ununl \ notice, thafan election to supply such vacancy wilt take place on (ho,second Tuesday in October next i thereafter, and when stioh vacancy occurs within ( three calendar months before tho second Tuesday in 1 October, it shall be the duly of the Speaker of the 1 Senate, or whoever shall bo in tho exercise of the 1 office of Governor to Issue Ids Write ns aforesaid,re. ■ quirlng notice of such election on (ho second Tuesday in October next, after tho issuing of said writ,'and in each case said writ shall issue at least throe, cal endar iJtanths boforo the election.” An oxomiiidifon of the conßtilutionnl provisions; tho act of Assembly; ami !ho circumstances of tho rc.lgnollon, will mthfy you, (hot w!;. 1 . 1 !’ llio rwlgnn (ion occurred rnoro than three calendar months I 1 ?* fore the next jinnaal election of Representatives, ll took place at a (line rendering a compliance will! the del of assembly hi relation to the Issuing of writs, utterly Impossible. In this view of the base, it might have been deemed a compliance with duly, to have refrained (tom oil Interference in (ho inuilor, loos. - much os events hod put it out of my power to comply with tho terms oflho actof Assembly, directory of (he mode in which the Constitutional provision on the subject should bo carried into effect. After u full and careful examination of the whole mentor, I believed it my duly to issue the writs re- Sulring notice to be given, that an election would be uly hold on tho second Tuesday of October (hop next ensuing, for tho clooilon of a Chief Magistrate of thisCbfnmonwoalfli. If appeared to mo,-that in all cases of doubt; there was no safer resting place than submission to the decision of the people, and that in tho construction of tho laws relating (o tho point in question, if any donhf arose, llio bettor course in a republican government, was to rofer to (ho eili zen voter the right of selecting at the earliest period, his presiding officer, rather than assume a position which would continue, official station In myself, bo y°nd the oßrlloßt legal opportunity to surrender it «!*? li *l*l The organic law required the elbollbir, ® *^ vo ®ouctmohl should be-so construed lK » Con.lliullon«l provl.ioh— H«d the term, of the Con.mullon .nd law. olt.rly given a different position Jo the question, how'eVer unpleasant tho taftk of performing tho duties of tho office wilhdut the endorsement of the people’s will, Ijiqy \vmild--.huVe been faithfully executed. ■’ In urtni'ming as Speaker of tho Senate,.the exercise of Executive fnhclitfiVb, although not dootalng .soliilely necessary;-prudence suggested the propriety of beings worn to a failhftjl discharge of the Ekcuti live duliesj and an oath to that effect tftlminis. fered to mo by the honorable the Speaket of the House of Representatives. A law requiring in.all cases of death or resignation of the Governor, or of his removal from office; (hat writs lo the Sheriffs of tho different counties shrill be issued as soon as.the Speaker of the Senate shall be °(licijlly informed ;of sucli death, resignation or re moval, and further, that the officer assu ming Executive functions 'should .be sworn in the sanie manner arid to the same effect as in case of a Chief Magistrate inducted into office,, determining also tho person authorized lo administer tho.oath, would obviulo future doubts, and the same is respect, fully reebrntnunded lo,the Legislature,'. It is worthy the attention of the Legislature-and the people,, that no provision exists in the Constitu tion .in the contingency of tho death; resignation, or removal of the Governor; for.the selection ofa presi* ding magistrate. Such an event happening! the go vernment would bo loft' without a constitutional offi. ccr-to carry on its operations. An.omission of such importance should bo supplied at the earliest possible period. ; . . . ■ r , i Resolutions expressive of tlio profound sorrow of i the legislature, for the death of that illustrious patriot ’ and sage, John Quincy Adams, and of condolence for llio family in their bereavement, wore passed by. i that body at ilu lust session; and ihe Executive was directed to transmit tho same to the widow and fam ■ ily of the deceased. The letter of tho lute Executive, i in the performance of that duty, and tho reply of lire i venerable survivor, aro herewith, transmitted. 1 , The attention of the Legislature having been.coll* I cd to the neglected and suffering condition of tho Ip i sane poor of tho Stale, an act was passed on Ilia 14th, i day of April, 1845, providing for thoestablishmcnl I of an assylum for. this unfortunate class of our indi , gent population, to bo located within tch mileLprthe seat of government. The commissioners named in lhJs ..act,;with funds contributed Tor the purpose hy humane and benevolent citizens of Harrisburg,aided by a liberal appropriation made from tho treasury of Dauphin County, purchased a farm of about one hundred and thirty acres, eligibly situated within a mile and a half of the Stale Capitol. In January, 184 G, these commissioners made a report to the Leg* UlatUre, in which they slated, on a critical ex amination of the aforesaid act, sudf defects-were apparent, that they did not conceive themselves jus tified in proceeding with the building,'or in making, any expenditure of the sum appropriated by tho Stale; towards its erection, until som'c modification should be made in the law under which they were acting. To remedy those defects a supplementary act. was passed, on tho lllh day of April, 1848, upon which the commissioners forthwith, adopted measures for the commencement of the work, A plan fur the pro. posed building was adopted, and a contract Was made with an experienced architect and builder for Us construction. A considerable portion of the materials, | as I am informed, has been provided; the excavation i of the collars and foundation has been mado; tho laying of tho stone masonry commenced, and the hydraulic apparatus fur raising water to the building nearly completed. Of the appropriation made on ac-| count of this building, a warrant has been drawn fori 95,000, of which only 83,700 05 has been expended. It Is hoped and believed that the work will be for warded with as much despatch us is consistent with prudence and a proper regard for the comforts and restoration of the afflicted insane poor. By the net of the 4th of May, 1841, entitled “ An, actio provide revenue (o meet the demands on tht treasury, and Tor other purposes,” certain bunks were authorized to subscribe for a loan to the com monwealth, to un amount equal to a fixed per ccntogc therein slated, on their capitals; the amount of such loan to bo placed in the treasury fur the use thereof, in notes of said banks of the denotn .fltton of one, two, and five dollars; By the terms dflrie law, the loan was rcdcmablo oloOy time within five years, and was peremptory that it should be paid,, ond tho notes-authorized to be issued, withdrawn from circulation on or before the 4lh day of May; 184 Gk The act also provided, that the banks issuing said notes should.receive them at par value in pay ment ofdebts due these institutions. It was thought, that by. making their redemption dependent cm the faith of tlio State, os well as on that of tho banks by which they were issued, a safe and reliable currency would bo constituted, while the Stale would bo largly benefited by a- loan at one, instead of five and six per cent ac on previous occasions. Tlie notes thus issued, were substantially the creatures of the banks. They constituted a loan to the Commonwealth, wore required to be paid into the treasury in the manner prescribed in the law, and were redeemable at their paV value at the counters of die banks: and the circumstance of the’faillTbf tho Stale in addition to that- of the banks, being pledged fur their redemption, could not raise a ra tional doubt of their constitutionality. How far a subsequent act, passed the 31si day of May, 1644, by relieving the banks from' ull responsibility touching their redumption and payment, thereby making them an issue on the port of the Commonwealth, redeema ble at the treasury alone, contravened the Constitu tion of the United Stales, it is net necessary now to decide. ~ Under (lie provisions oflho original act oflho 4th of May, 1841, the amount of notes issued was two millions two hundred and twenty thousand two hun dred and sixty-five dollars, which was specifically appropriated to the support of the government during the year, the payment of debts, and other special purposes (herein mentioned, . Within two yours thereafter, the sum of one hundred and thirty-five thousand-.two hundred and fourteen dollars of,said issuo was funded by the banks and converted into permanent loans ul five per cent. By a resolution of the Glh of February, 1843, and the act of the Blh of April of the sumo year, six hundred and eighty-two thousand, eighty-seven dollars woro cancelled and destroyed. The act of May 31st 1844,.is as follows; "That the Stale' Treasurer he, mid he Is hereby au thorized and directed, on. the lust days of June, Sop. tcinbcr and December, in the your one thousand eight hundred und forty-l'mfr, to cancel and deliver to the Auditor General, fur destruction, filly thousand dol lure} and on the last day.of March, June,September and December in every year thereafter, fifty thousand dollars of the notes issued by the Dunks of this Com monwealth In pursuance of the set of the 4th of May, poo thousand etirhl hundred and forty onb, that may then be In ttio Troasury~and if said notes shall b*e depredated, then of the most depreciated,—and con tinue so in do, until (|ie Whole amount of tho notes legally issued, by the Dmka as aforesaid, shall have been cancelled und destroyed; and tho amount, de posited to the credit oflho Commonwealth, In Banks or Savings Institutions, or received by collectors on ’ tho railroads und ennuis, or by tho Treasurer of the City und County of Philadelphia, shall be doomed as money in the Treasury, and subject to tho cancella tion us aforesaid; and it shall bo tho duly uftho Au ditor General to keep und publish quarterly,'ln'at least one newspaper at Harrisburg, a record of tho notes so cancelled und destroyed, designating the Dank or Dunks, that originally issued tho same, in order, that tho nrlo pur centum interest thorcotr, may cease; provided, that it shall ho (ho duty of the Stole Treasurer to retain the several amounts respectively, out of the receipts of tho quarter, so as effectually (o secure tho cancellation of tho amounts heroin before provided f ond the sum of one hundred and sixty thousand dollars is-hereby appropriated'for (ho pay ment of domestic creditors* certificates Issued by the Auditor General: provided, that there Is sufficient money Jn Bio Treasury after paying the several other appropriations in !}»i“ “Cl. u It was doubtless, tho intention of the legislature, (hat (he sum of fifty thousand dollars should ho dc« alroycd quarterly, Under, this act, tho sum of one hundred thousand dollars'was cancelled In. 1844; the further sum of eighty-five thousand dollars In 1845; the further sum of one hundred and seventy six thousand throe hundred dollars in 1840; ono hundred and fifty thousand dollars in 1847, and one hundred and eighty nine thousand In 1848. The following tabular statement, will exhibit with more qloarncsß, the whole subject in relation to the issue und cancellation of those notes OilglnM aui’nl of relief nolos issued, $3,220,205,00 Amount funded; . 135,214,00 Cancelled in 1843 by virtue of llio resolution of Feb, G, and Act of April Bih 1843, 083.087,00 Canoeltcd in 1844, under the Act ofMoy 31,1844, 100.000,00 Cancelled in 1845, undorAqt of 1844, 85,000,00 Cancelled In 1840, under do 170,300,00 Cancelled in 1647, under do 150,000,00 Cancelled In 1848,-under . do 189,000,00 Loevlng apparently In circulation on the 31et of December 1348, 709,664,00 | itho, first failure to' comply witli . f lheAot of Assembly requiring lira .■ '• Cttqoellftion of these ifiolcs, was, • to, or, on the 31st of Dec. 1844* \J The. amount directed to be ; ' . cuncclled in 1844 uml . • 1845, undwhichwasnbt done, wop}/. V • 8165,000, • • Tlra amount of failure Jo Cancel in 1646 wdb 33,700 ! .The amount ■of failure to . cancel in 1847 was; - 50,000 v ' The amount,of failure to cancel in 1848 was 11,000, . 8-152,9 64.00 It is worthy of remurk, that had the cancellation of these notes been made, os required by law, less than half a million of tho original issue, would now be in existence, a large portion of which has doubt* less, been mislaid and lost. It will be perceived also, that the act requires the destruction of the most do* predated.. In using .the term, the legislature must have intended those most defaced.. Tho laws on thol subject of those notes, having, pledged the faith ,of| the Slate for their redemption,.it' is nut readily seen how they could become depreciated in value, .while on the other hand* many of them had become defaced, torn and unfit for use. At the passage of tho act 61 May 31st| 1844,'about fourteen ‘ hundred thousand dollars of this issue, were in circulation, and as it re. quired the cancellation- and destruction of two hun dred thousand dollars per annum only, it prolonged the period of their circulation to seven years, when by ,the original act of May‘4th,-1641* but twd.years remained, of. the period of their duration. ' To tho act of May 31st, 1844, is attributable, therefore, the continuance incirculolion of these notes, after they hud become tBVh, defaced and unfit, for use. Tho original act, hud it not been .counteracted, by subse quent legislation, provided the necessary means for tho redemption of these notes, through the banks, On or before the 4lh day of May, 1846, and tho failure to destroy them, as required by the act of 3lsl of May, 1844, clearly demonstrates that tho treasury has nnt been,since then, in a condition to repay the loan, or redeem the notes.. lienee they have continued in circulation, haVo been paid into your public offices, and. again paid out of the treasury, until, they are wholly unfit as a-currency , for the citizens* The amount now in circulation, is presumed ..to be about six hundred thousand dollars.; It is respectfully sug gested, that the worst of these notes, as they arc paid into the treasury, should bo retained) and in'their stead, an equal amount of now notes, of tho same de nominations, under an arrangement with any of the I bunks of this Commonwealth, bo put into circulation | for a period of lime, so long only. iiE-may be required ■ by the quarterly destruction of fifty thousand dollars, to absorb tho whole amount of the issue, . A measure of this character would relieve the currency of those unfit for use, and have the effect in a shcffl time, of putting tho whole issue out of circulation. I would earnestly press upon tho legislature the passage of such laws, us would prohibit in their mutilated and defaced condition,' their payment from the treasury. Should It be doomed a mure desirable course} to rid (he currency of the entire issue by n loan} it might be a fair condition of tho renewal of tho charter uf any bank, at the present session} that it make a loan at a. low rale of interest to tho government, to bo Used In redeeming and cancelling the whole, or such part as might bo deemed advisable. Any arrangmeql on the subject yog. may'devise) to relievd the people of (his currency, shall receive my cordial approbation. The payment of the interest on (he public debt in a sound convertible currency} is of great moment to the credit of the Stated,/This demand dti (he treasu* ry has heretofore, extent, been met by payments in depreciated paper, by which the holders of Stale bo.nds have suffered pecuniary loss. An evil of this nature, demands a speedy and cffuc uat remedy* The relief notes originally intended to be temporary in their existence and local in ihoircii cululion, should not bn forced from their legitimate purpose or paid from the treasury in discharge of the interest of the public debt. No great inconVtajimtte could be fell in' withhold ing an amount their pfbscnl circulation, from such application,. To secure an object so dcsl table/ the revenues of the Stale should bo collected in such funds only as admitted of ready convertibili ty into spccio without loss to the Treasury. Thu fo. liofnotcs, os well as the notes of all specie paying Banks of this Commonwealth, should bo received in, payment of public dues while other paper munu-y under pur, nl tbo pUoodcalginitad fur tliu payment ol interest on public debt, should be refused, unless, up on notice to that effect of tho State Treasurer, ar rangements by the banks issuing the same were made to redeem it ul such point us ho might designate.— The Stale Treasurer should bo authorized to require of those specie paying Banks, whose notes might he under par ut the place of paying tho interest, to make arrangements to redeem their notes at par, at tbo point dcsighllpd, and on their' failure to.comply, to demand spjlKfunds at their counters. It Is believed that an of llio kind suggested, would materially'aid in rendering tho nates of all the solvent Bunks in l(ie Cominonwoullh of equal value in nil parts of tho Stale: would increase (heir general eu;* cutation among the citizens and tend to exclude the depreciated paper of foreign institutions. A measure valuable for these purposes, wjjich would give increa sed worth to our stocks and enable tho Stale more faithfully to comply with her coplrarls, is worthy the serious consideration of the Legislature. Intimately connected with the subject of our public debt/are thfi assessment and collection of thoTuxcs. The laws on Ibis important branch of tho revenue, require lo bo remodelled and arranged in such.form ait to insure equality and uniformity in the several counties of tho State. Thu manner uf adjusting and equalizing the valuation of property for taxation' is u concern of deep interest to tho pceplc, and should os far us possible, bo left in' (he bunds qf their immedi ate representatives. Assessors, it is suggested,should bo required in tho exorcise of their duties, to make return in u full and accurate statement of the various products of Finms and Mauufncloiiii, of tho kind, nature and amount of the supposed annual vuluu of tho pfoductivo industry of each district; of the amount and nature of tho local and general trade and busi ness, with tho manner and cost of reaching (lie near est market, and the value of the article In market,: ul the neflrest point to the district- Should an unnti-l al statement of this nature bo deemed (on expensive j for practical utility, a tiiennial return might answer the purpose intended. Returns ofu nature so genet > al, of ttio resources ond active industry of tin* State, while it would afford valuable Information to Ihu pub lie officer, would place before hlni,suoh facts as would onatlu him to detect gross errors.ln tho Uniformity of the assessment!!, and would leave In Hie hands oflhi* officer elected by the people, the duty of valuing and taxing their properly; instead of easting n labor so important Into the care of irre§pon»iblt Boardt, The Importance of legislative action on the sub is enhanced by thoTuot, lhaf an cxomiualion of ordinary revenues ond expenditure for tho lust years, furnishes evidence that the necessities nf treasury require increased resources* A sluten from the auditing department is as follows 'P PPP PPP PPP PP | uss uss ■sss, us a & c a **■§" *Lc * S.B Sio ;»»& g«* w s», c—b —klj e—i P 1 5 3 253 3*P 35 ■s 'is 'es 'm a *» 9 « a «o « I V V .If I 5 I ,I ;I- I 3 II 8 a t fi 5 S sJ ■ S 8 ■ S 3 . “Epensos of the oonslderei nary, notwithstanding much of the amaun cxlraofdinaryjbutas an offset to this, Iho I and personal citato, received during end more than the,assessment of a your, (lie exi from outstanding taxes of,||Dviotii years. The balance In the treasury on Doe. Ist, 1644, was 9663,651 88 Balance ih Ihejlroisiiry onDocrlst, 1646, wor Deficit In balances in treasury in 4 •1,517, 601.00 your*, Hod tlio low of May 1844, .been cortiplicd with by (ho otnaellollbn of '83.19,700,00. f»p uu M« w$ S3'. .ss, §s is w ti§ ii Jftfi 5 3d* osordl nl’hi really lax on rouh )> year, is toots 517,390 39 •86,501' 49 tharelior isBuo«,tho additional would have.boon inadd un t!tq Utsasu* ry of- . - $249,700 qo Which added to luo above deficit , makes, Deduct excess of apparent revenue, Real deficit under- existing laws, $248,912 19 , in four years, exclusive of extraordinary expendi tures. /. -- V# The operation of laws on the part of tho notional government, Trunked with a view, to the assessment ul dulicb und collection of revenue, is a subject sort* ously affecting the financcs.pf the Commonwealth. No Slatein the Union depends in a greater degree for. tho/dVuntiigea of wholesome enterprise, and the safe employment of’capital* on the stability and agency of laws affording reasonable prelection to domestic industry. Our mountains filled with rich deposits of iron und coiif, invito the manufacturer to employ his skill .and capital in these commodities and when they are in demand, tho whole productive* business of tho Stale prospers. No interest feels the pressure of foreign competition more keenly, none requires more certainly tho fostering care of govern* 1 ment, none spreads to a larger extent the active in* dustry of all classes of citizens, than " the peculiar manufacturing establishments of our own Slate. Tho system established by the act of ..Congress of 1846, ■ Is framed for the purpose of revenue, and!,di‘seriim. nutos against rather than for protection. The effect of such laws would necessarily be, if continued, to strjke down the manufacturer, and to depress every i interest which directly of incidentally leans on him , for support. I Of tho interests favorably affected by the establish* i ment of manufactories, none deserve more espicial : notice, than the laboring and producing classes.—* These compose the great mass of oar population, i and in all. respects differ radically, from the same ■ classes in otfier countries. Hero; they are a part of 1 government Itself, and us such, ore frequently requtr is ed,ln the exercise of the Elective franchise, to decide questions the most momentous, affecting, even, the ’ stability and duration of our free institutions. In tho : formation of the government under which they live they were a component of the Sovereignty which had wrested from a foreign power the independence of the Country, and took with others on equal part in the difficult questions involved. To enable them (6 discharge in a proper manner the duties they owe io their country, to others, and themselves, a portion of their time should.be given to the examination and com>rderulion of public (jueslioris. By the reward of their labor, they should be able to elevate their con. dilion in society,;to command for themselves and families,-.not merely the necessaries but the comforts and even the luxuries of life, to give to their children tho benefits of reasonable bducullon, and to ensure a competence when age lias disqualified Ihcm for ac tive employment. The price oflnbor is regulated by its demand, and the value of the article It produces. When the demand for labor in small, and iheproduce of that labor low in price, (ho reward of industry Is ! comparatively reduced { when the demand for labor Is increased, it Mses In value, and receives an adequate reward. Hence, whatever increases profitable labor; in.xubstanliully beneficial to.tho working classes, and. affords (Item the means bf comfort; the delights of rational enjoyment; and the opportunity of exalting their condition and pel fobbing with safety to thb country the duties pf citizens. The'manufacturer, if ho he sustained in his enter* prised produces this result, by opening to the laborer a new sdufce'df employmcnt. il is frequently urged that tho system of protection io domestic industry is of more Interest to the manufacturer than to the laborer; as it. enables him to dispose of his fabr/cd for a higher price, and to realize a better profit on his capital *, but is no,I the capital of the laborer also in volved in tho fubiic.and does ho riot receive a reward in proportion to the value of the article? Lbt it lie remembered, also; that his daily bread; (ho wants of his family, the education of his children; at] depend upon the success of tho establishment til which ho is employed; and the dbjebtiun Cun have but little weight. It is also urged, that a reduction of nomiriiil values to a specie standard, would produce a result, requiring fur domestic labor, no protection nri the part of gutertimcnf. A doctrine of tnia nature is radically wrong, und ut variance with the principled on which bur free government was founded. ’ Bring down the standard of prices fur labor to specie stand, ofd; allow no greater reward tor industry in thlrf country than in England; and the working classes arc necirssarily’forccd Into the condition of forvign operatives, compelled to (abof constantly and dilli gnllly Io earn IbrlliMiisolvrs a mlacrubla RuhsUienM4'.:. All the luxuries,‘'many of (ho coinfbrts; ond even the necessities of life, must be denied to them, while the education of theta offspring must be wholly neglect ed. These observations apply to the laborers engaged in the business of mining, and transporting our coal to market, as well as the operatives more directly bmploycd al manufactories. After tho demand for horisohgld Use Is supplied; thitf article must seek a. market, in those districts nf country, Whore rnahu lecturing industry abounds, und .the demand fur it increase* or diminishes in proportion to the active operations'of those establishments. Hence, every fire that is extinguished, und every wheel (hut u stopped, lessens demand for coal, decreases its value in the market, and.reduces the price of labor; lessening its v.ilae ttf the owner of the article. When to Hits is added the fact of competition! from abroad, underselling in the home market the domestic article; the occupation of the luborcMs destroyed, and the ruin is complete. The fCvenuo system invites such a result, while.the system of discrimination for pto lection forbids it. Oliver classes of Society ore also injuriously or bcnoficfulfy affected/ as llio laws on this subject farof the ono or the other policy. The agriculturalist, in* dined to measure the general welfare by the prices of hid [yradtfoo, and (o reiftutn contented while these arc satisfactory, is required, only, the exercise of his practical knowledge, to bo informed, that he sofierrf also, by a policy which strikes down the manufactur er. The ho“in6 market is hls.only reliance. Tbocon* dition of things abroad, may afford Increased prices' fur (lie produce of his farm { the miseries of linkup* py Ireland, and the unsettled state o( public affairs in.other parts of world, may create a temporary do*, mnnd for grain, and thereby augment (ho va uo of his productions, but it would be unsafe to depend on contingencies of this nature, over which his govern-, menl cun have no control. The entire produce of his lands, wlielhur dislunl or near the foreign market,* must depend fur an uniform and fair price on the Homo demand. Any. other reliance is dependent on. the policy offyroigq government*, the convulsions of unsettled power, and (ho unfruitful harvests of oilier producers. It is not,-however, in enhanced prices alone, that he find* his reward. In the homo mnrkot he U | )IB o wn. factor, avoids (ho risk of agencies, the dangers of transportation, and can select his own limo tor <*•*• disposal of his produce. The manufacturer carries in the market, in the fabrics he proposes to self, Ibe produce of the funner, who is (hereby relieved oflho hazard and expense of conveyance. In another form ho Is still ihore largely benefited. Ono of the elements of well regulated society, is unity of interest. Whatever may ho said (othdeon trury, no natural antipathies exist between coplisl and labor, they urodopendcnlon.srosupporttd by,* and receive vitality from ouoh other. The munufuo* luror who hivcsis under (ho fostoring core df gov ernment his capital in profitable industry,’opens s new source of wealth to tho fanner, the urtiiun and ‘ the laborer. lijecl ‘ the few f tlie nonl An Industrious population wholre forfard affords comlorl und competence, gathers around him| other olorbos are attracted, and tho store huunc, the work ■hop, tho school and llio church arc erected; village* ■prlfiff up ; tho din of active industry and the sound of enjoyment mingle togolhor { road#-ore oported, bridges ore built, lands rise in value; and tho farmer finds a market *it his dour, not only for his ordinary ■Urnius produce, but also fur numberless orllcles which woro’dcomcd unworthy 'of Ironsportollon.—» From llist overflowing fountain, by an hundred rivu*" lo l» wmtllh is poured Into his treasury. I hose are a few of the mohy advantage* of the' agriculturalist and laborer, arising from a folr and- 1 reasonablo protection of (ho domestic Industry of the' country. The existing revenue laws of tho nation* algoycrnmcnl, by opening our ports to foreign man*' ufaclurcs, Invito the luhor.of the wretched, starving operatives of Kuropo, (o a competition with this healthful and prosperous condition of things. Tho , consequences arc ruinous (o'lho interests of tho I®* , boring and producing classes?, and dry tho streams pf prosporly In every branch of industry. It should not ho forgotten, that the reliable wealth of •* Stale consits in tho profitable industry end cap* ital of the cilixens, Whatever tends, therefore, to prostrate individual prosperity, to diminish the of produce, to Injure productive labor, or to drive from wholesome inyestmenlthe money capital of the country* atrlkts'willvnlorimng force the bsst inler<*t* of the B'alo. The revenues of the UommonwcaHi* are derived principally from teal and personal ft* late, and from our railroads and canals. In rolatm® to the former it may W said, that pvsry dollar iWP* 336.261 49 87,349 30
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