3dmtttx .*il • '; I BTIOHN B. BMTTON. YOL. 35. THE AMERICAN VOLUNTEER, [a published ovory Thursday,' at Carlisle, Pa., by B BItATPON, upon iho following conditions,which willow rigidly adhered to: TSRKS or SUBSCRIPTION. ' * •ftflU florono year, in adcanes,. ♦ * - iOO Cor six months,«» adpflnc*, • • .* - \ i,ud Kos'ih3crii»tiori taken for a less term than • nodlacotiUiiuaucApcraiUtod until all arrearages . j.., .j on Twenty-five porcent.ad.litlonalon thopricoofsuh«ri P li 0 n will bo reqnlrQil of all Utaao vvlio Jo uotpay in advance. hatkA or advertising Oho square, ono insertion, •. •. * o;ie square, two InsertioH*, • • Ono square* throe Insertions, , • - Every subsequent Insertion, pc* square, - „ A liberal discount will be made to those who advertise by ho year, or for throe or aU montlis. / Omen.-' The omco of tlio •American Volunteer \n In the »pc onS »tnty of JamM H. OrshnmV now iranovor street, a few doom from Burkholder's hotel, anil dl opposite Iho.POßt-ofilco, where tlioia .having Lusti'css will plent'O call. ' ■ , poetical. BE NOT OVBR NICE. Young gents, if you don't wish to be, For the remnant of your years.. The thing which Franklin used to call A « pair of shears.” ' Fray let me whisper in your car A word of good advice— ,% Don’t think to find perfection here, And be not overmco, ' Take warning by my tynsin Jack.. Nor in his (outsteps tread; Oh 1 how I’ve teased and talked to him, And tried to make him wed. Dnt he is so particular, • So shy of all the fair. He’ll be a blue old bachelor In spile of nil my care. One is in height a mountain oaki A second like a tali; ■A third has got a mammoth foot; Another's nose is snub. One cannot brew, nr bake, or sweep; Another cannot nlay ; - Another's always in thn suds; Another quite too g&y. Miss A good doiigh'huts cannot make, VMiss Dis said to paint, • Miss 0 is wilder than the winds,' ' Miss D too much a saint. Mlsa B is careless In her dress,. Miss P is too precise, ■ Miss G is prone to lake Scotch snuff. Miss II is fond ofdice. Mifts Us silent as,a doll, •Miss J is like a parrot. Miss K has flaxen colored locks. . Miss L’a arc like a carrot, Miss M is always looking grura, Miss N forever giggling. ' Miss O is stiffer than a stake, , Miss P is loose and wriggling. Miss a»« cold lce,. >M{sS R too tornfW faWnlna, Mlda S has got ilefeclivo tcr.tb, Miss T has caughl.a yawning, 1 Miss U fur eyes has got an-uwi’a, .Miss-V a pair that squint, - Miss W's temper's soft as wax, ; Miss X’a as stool and flint Mist Y is past a certain age, Miss Z a thoughtless miss, Ami so with all some fault he finds, Nor fancies that nor this; lie’s managed so with all the girls,' ,That they are all provokedd'j • And sure am HhAthe'Uno’cr be> With any maiden yoked. ’• €o genie, liprl(liec,4afc« good heed— Avoid Jack's grlevinus errors. And soon you’ll find that pretty girls Are clad no niore In terrors; And when you meat a sparkling «y°, • with soul arniffeoling lighted; Itmriembcr that U speaks a hint ( Which may not well be slighted. % jWbeminmoitti. DEATH OF RIUCIAT* At sir o'clock on the morning of the 13th October Capl. Sinilli entered tlio king's prison. Ho found him in his bed asleep, and desirous not,to wake him, was quitting the room, whoq.hojttbsoi a chair, The hoiau disturbed Murut, who started up, and demanded the captain's business, Slratli was so overcome, how fever, that ho was unable to reply.—The. ox-king tli re fore proceeded. “You have received orders from Naples; is it not so 7** ' . *‘Ym, sire,” mprmdred £traUt.. “ tyhat dd.lhcy, contain 7” , * • •* Orders for your majesty’s trial.’* ♦» And who aio to bo my judges, if you please?— Where can they find my equals to sit in judgement tlpun mo 7 If they look upon me as a king I must bo tried by my brother sovereigns.) if os a marshal of France, (fty'fato cun only bo decided on by, offi cers of that rank ; if oven us a mere general, rtone luss thin o general cun sit oh the bench, as my judges.” ... M As a public enemy, sire, you may bo tried by.or dinary court marital. All rebels, without respect to rank, may bo brought before such a tribunal. Thu taii was ftaitfcd by yoursoH.” *\ Ycin/ag.iinat brigands I not sTr, agufnst drowned hearts; However, 1 um ready i'tbey m-»y assassinate tne as soon as they like.” ,• vVould you wish to heqr the names of the mom it Is as well; It must bo a curious list, road on) Fm all attention.” When lie hud done, the king, turning to hint with a bitter smile; merely observed; "Uis well) they Boom to have taker! oVety precaution;* 1 •• How so; sire ?*’ “Can't you perceive that every member named, with the exception of Francesco Frolo, owes his rank to mo 7 Naturally they will fear, being accused of partiality If they decide In my favor.** »* Sire, why not appear personally before litem; and plead your own cause 7” m Silence,’sir—silence—such a court, I still main tain, is incompetent; I should consider myselfdogra ded if I pleaded before It. 1 am aware that I can not save the dignity of my crown,” At this moment Francesco Frolo entered. flo in terrogated him. His first question was touching fils name, his oge, his country 7 Mural suddenly,starl ing up, cried with %ll the stern dignity ho was caps bio of assuming, ; . . ' . "1 am Joachim Napoleon, king of iho Two Bici fios k and 1 command you Instantly to leave the room.” The abashed inquisitor immediately re. tired. . ~ . . ' , rturaCrfoW #ode,‘ond pultmgon his pantaloons, sol hoviti on'd vJrolo a ufost affoollonato latter to his wife; loft his children his dying blowing; and culling of a Jock of hU hair, enclosed it in his loiter. Nunxianlo now entered. "Swear to me, general aft a husband and a father,” cried Murat, as ho folded up the epistle, “that you will faithfully forward Hus Jet “ By n.y honor I" said (ho general deeply over come, “Come, general bo up," resumed Mural m a live ly lone; “wo ore soldiers, and used to death. I ask l)ul one favor; allow me (o give the word o| command to the execution.party:" The general instantly as sented. Frolo now returned, bearing with him jho sentence of the court. ”, Read It,” said Mortal cpld ly, well divining what |l Was; "I am ready to.listen to It.” Froio consented. The ox-klng hod Onrr#ptly .forscon his fato. With Clio exception of a single voice, the court had unanimously adjudged him wor thy of death, j , - When it was concluded, he turned lo.Nunxianto— «• General, believe mo, I clearly distinguish ,bo* tween the author of my fate and the .more, instru ments. X could novdr have believed .Ferdinand capable of.allowing mo to bo shot like a dog. .Rut Enough of this. At what hour is my execution to Uko place?” ■, - •'Fix it youraelf, sire," repUod tho; general, . Muratmullod out his,watch; .but, bylacoident Iho back presonidd Itself instead ofthofkco; *OnUwas painted a superb mlnatuto of-the. ox^uoon. “Ah, took hero !" said Murat, addro»iing,Nunrlun —— • 1 t te ;**look at this picture of my wife.- You knew her, U H not like her?" He kissed it, and replaced the watch in his fob. : \ Vl.,' •» At what hour?"demanded From, ..*. t ... «Ah, by the by, 1 had forgotten*" said Murat, sml* Hng cheerfully. “I had forgotten why I had pulled out my watch i but the likeness of Caroline .chased away all other ideas," and he looked atlt. “It is now past three o’clock) - will four suit you 7 .1 only ask fifty minutes. Have yob any objection V * Froio bowed and left'the room, Nunziantowas following him— .’ •* - V Say my friend t shall I not see you again ?" “My orders are, that l should be prescnl at youf execution, sire; but I feci 1 have not courage to obey them." • •■ , ! ■ : a 50 75 I 00 "VVoll, then, do not distress your feelings* do pot be present. Still, 1 should like to embracoyouonoe more before 1 die." J “ X will meet you on the road.” - Thank-you. Now leave mo %; to my modlla- AAer seeing he gave a written certificate that he faith, ho threw himself on his bed and for about a quartet of an hour remained meditating, doubtlessly reviewing his post Ilfbfroin the moment when ho quitted (be ale housodn which ho was born, to the period when he e'ntdretf a palace as Us sovereign. Suddenly starting up, He seemed to shako oIT his gloomy thoughts, 1 ana approaching a mirror, began to arrange his liair.— VVtdded to deatlt from his infuuy,hc seemed anxious to depk himsclfin the becoming manner, now that lie wus about to meet it; Four o'clock struck. Murat himself opened the door. Gcn. NunzJa*tto was waitihg^ootpide. “ Thank yoUfßfsaid’the cx*king j ‘‘you have kept your word, -God bless you; good by. You need fob low me no farther," • 1 * The general threw himself Sobbing into his arms. Come, come, do not thus give way -to your feel* tngs. Take example from me; T : am perfectly calm."; This coolness on tlio part of (he victim sgjQvorcame Nnnxiante, that starting from his embrace thogener* ol rushed from (lie house, flying along the shore like a madman. ; • ;• Tiio king now proceeded to the courtyard, where every preparation Tor his execution hud been made. Nine men and a corporal were ranged close to the council chamber. . In front of them woe a wall twelve (bet high. Three yards from this watt there was a single raised-step. Murat instantly perceived its purpose, and'placed himself >on'it, thus towering ; about, one fool above the soldiers who were to shoot him; Once there, be took out his handkerchief, kiss* ed the picture of his wife, and fixing his eye steadily on the petty, desired them to loud, WVien ho gave the order to-fire, five only of tho nine-obeyed.* Mu ral remained untouched. The soldiers had purposely fired over Ins head, • It was at this nibnienl that (he Hon courage of the hero showed itself—that intrepid coolness for which ho hpd qycr been famed. Not a single feature was disturbed. Hoptoad perfectly steady and unmoved, as with a. smile of liicidnblioly gratitude he addressed them. , ■ , . , '■ “ ThanK*, my friends—a thousand ijiattks, bdt is, sooner or later, you will be compelled to aim directly at me, do pot prolong, rny'ogony. All I oak of you Is, to fire straight at my heart, and avoid, If possible, wounding ipo in the face.. Coiuq| lot us begin ngaln(" and onoo more ho went through every word of com* rnand, At (he word fire, ho fell pierced, by eight balls, without a struggle, without a. sigh, without letting the watch full Uittt he held in'his Toft hand. , M The soldiers took up (he corpse, and laid . it.on the Same bod in which ho had laid down in health and strength some ton minutes before. A captain's guard was placed at (he door, Thai night a stranger presented himself, and de manded admittance to the room. The sentinel refit' sod. He desired to speaji with (ho commandant. To him ho showed an order for tils entry. The com mandant as he read it, shuddered with disgust, and expressed groat surprise. The perusal;however, over, he conducted the man (o the door of thedoath chant* ber, . , . ■' ’ “Allow Signor Luigi to pass,"'said hoto the sen-' tlnel. The soldier presented arms to the commandant. Lnlgl entered. Ten minutes ofterwards, Luigi came out carrying some object in a pocket handkerchief stained with blood. What It was the sentinel could not distinguish. An hour afterwards, the undertaker entered, bear ing the coffin intended for the king's remains.. No sooner had the man crossed the threshold,than loan accent of-indescribable horror ho culled cot to the soldier, who rushed in to loarn the cause ofhis terror. The man unable to speak pointed to a headless corpse. On the death of Ferdinand, in a private closet In his bedroom, this head was discovered, preserved In spirits of wine. The reason was thus explained by Hen. T—-. : .“As Murat was put lb death in an obsougo corner of Calabria ; Ferdinand continually feared some im postor would spring up ond assuming his name' and appearance,raise the standard of rebellion. The real head was therefore always preserved toconforpnt and oanfoutid any false pretender to tho. throne, by pro ving the death of Joachim Murat.” TIT FOR TAT. A lady of our acquaintance received a present from n lady neighbor of o very splendjd'looking pie, tho day before thanksgiving, Little civilities of this kind had frequently passed between tho twain, and tho present In question was rccblvcd and (he usual compliments J-eturnfcd. Tho pie was placer) on'the loa table on thanksgiving day; and a pretty pie U was, so nicely ornamented arid so tioh looking—every one at the table eyed it with a wishful look; and more, it had saved our hostess the trouble of making plo fur tea that day. Pic time camo, Tho plo was carefully cut into a doton pieces; for it was a largo plo—and (ho carving u piece was taken tip to place on the plate of a guest, when U was found to contain not “four and twenty black birds” but feath ers enough to cover twice as many. Nobody look plo, but every one laughed heartily except our hostess, and she rose And wont (6 a slate and vyas observed to pul down, “Dr. to donor of pie 1.” The recipient of tho plo was observed one after noon making crullers and dough-nuts; a more skill ful hand. at poetry—especially of the above descrip tion, would bo difficult to find—they always look so dolioatoand light, and taste delicious—we know it. The orullflrs, Ac.,,were done and browned to a t. A snow.white cloth was laid in a neat little basket ond the pastry carefully deposited thereon and covered over, Tho litllo daughter of a neighbor was dls* patched with them to the maker and donor of tho, fealhot pie, who hod’pdmpnny to tea that evening— with nia's compliments. They looked so rich nnd nice that they wore forthwith, placed on the tea table as the tea was near ready. .When the litllo mossen. gfer returned and reported progress, the donor look down her slate and rubbed out “ Dr. to donor of plo I." The company sat down at the tablo and the first cup of tea was drank, blit the,crullers wqro reserved for tho second cup, which was no sooner served, than (hoy wore handed round, and na each ono took n cruller, the remark wos made, “ how bountiful,'* and the question pul “ who is your baker ?V Another second and several had simultaneously bitten a liny dainty litllo bit off ono end, wlujn lo! ,on drawing the hand away, (hero wore five or six strings of cotton batting extending a •Tool" from Iho mouths to tlio bands of Iho gnosla, looking lot all tlio world like on man. persons Imitating Signor Dills at Iho ribbon trlok. You may imagine tho scone that ensued, but we cannot describe il. Corset laces suffered some what wo g 00... Tho oralloro with tlio nioo pastry would have docelvod tho moot skillihl pastry cook.— Accounts stand square between tho ladies at present and likely lo remain on, for oaoli to afraid of receiv ing anyllilng-ftom the olhcMeol ,ho should become her debtor one. Fatal Rasoua.—An Irishman' barring fallen into a well In Cholaoa, Mesa., wna mooed by Ilia ftionda by a topo faalonod about bio nook I Ho died tlio next day from tho effects' of tlio rescue.' “OUR COUNTRY —MAY. IT ALWAYS.DK RIGHT—RUT.feIOUT OR WRONG, OUR COUNTRY. 1 * CARLISLE, PA., TIIUllS1)A ■ DECEMBER 21, 1848. -CALIFORNIA GOLD*. , Official Account Accompanying tUe Prcsl* : dent’s Message* Among the documents tebeivcd by, the Secretary, of iVar, and .communicated with the President’s Message, Is the following letter from Col. Mason, thp military commandant of California, who presents the fullest description we have seen of the (fold “placers' of that distant region: ■' . [N0. 37.3 . ■ . , Head quarters,! Otii Military Department. > Monterey* California, Aug.,l7,‘ 1848., stn; I have the, honor to inferm.you that, accom panied T. Sherman, 3d Artillery, A.; A. A. Genera), I started on the 12lh of 'Jnne lasl lo make a.lour.through the of California. •My principal purpose, however, was to visit the new ly discovered £o)d. V. pla.ccrV in* the valley of the Sac ramento. I had proceeded about forty miles, when IvWos overtaken - by an express, bringing mo intelli gence of the-arrival at Monterey of the U. Srslilp Southampton,will) important letters from Commodore Shubrick and Jhieut. Col. Burton, t returned^. t-gneo to Monfery, and;de4patshcd what important, and on tho 17th resumed >. Wo reached San Francisco on the 20th, ana found that all, or nearly all, its male inhabitants had gone to the mines. The* town, which a few months be. fore was so.busy and thriving, was then almost descried. On (he evening of (ho 24th, (he horses,of the escort wero crossed !© Sousolelo in a launch, and on the following day we resumed the journey by way of Bodega and Sonoma to*&uttor’s fort, where we arrived on the morning of the,2d July. Along thu whole route, mills wero lying idle, fields,of wheat wero open to cattle and horses, houses vacant, end farms goings to waste. At Suitor’s.there was more life and business/ • Launches wore discharging their cargoes at the river, and carls were hauling goods to the fort, where already wore established several stores, a hotel, dec. Captain Sutler had only two mechanics in bis,employ,(a wogon maker and a blacksmith,) whom nfie was then paying ten dollars a day. Merchants pay hirn a monthly rent of $lOO per room.; and whilst 1 was there, a two story house In the fort was rented as a hold fur $5OO a month. At the urgent solicitation of many gentlemen, 1 delayed there to participate in the first public cole bralion of onr national anniversary at that fort, but on (ho sth' resumed the journey, and proceeded twenty-five miles up the American fork to a point on it now known as the Lower Mines, or Mormon Dig gings. The hill sides were thickly strewn with canvass tents and bush arbors ; a store was erected, and several boarding shanties in operation.. The day was intensely hot, yet about two hundred men were I at work In the full glare of the son, washing for gold I—some with tin pans, some with close-woven has. kets,bul the greater part had a rude machine, known os the cradle. This - is on rqokors, six or eight feet long, open at tho foot, and at* the head has a coarse grate, or sieve'; the bottom is rounded with small cleels nailed across. Four men arc required to work this machine; one digs the groqnd in the bank close (b the stream; another carries U to the cradle and empties it on tho grate; a third gives a violent cock* ing motion to the machine; whilst a fourth ’ dashes on. water from . tho stream Itself. The sieve keeps the coarse stones from entering the cradle, the cur* reift of watch washes off tho earthly matter, and tho gravel |S gradually carried out at tho fool of the ma chine, leaving the gold mixed with a heavy fine bUck.snnd above tho first clouts. ~Tho«AQd-«nd.gold mixed together afe then drawn off through augur boles into a pan Below! nhe drled in tho sun, end af terwords separolcd.by. blowing off the sand. A par ly of fouJMnen tbps om/iloycd at the lower mines averaged $lOO a day, . The Indians, and those who have nothing but pons or willow baskets, wash out.the earth and separata tho gravel by hand, leaving nothing but thogold mixed with sand, which is separated in the manner before described. . The gold in the tower mines is in fine bright scales! of which I send several specimens • , ~ -i-. As we ascemled:tho south branch oflho American folk, the country became more broken and mountai nous, nod (lie saw mill, 25 inilcs-oboyo, the lower washings, or 50 miles from Sutler’s, (ho hills riso to about a thousand feel above the level of tho Sacra* mento plain. Here a species or pino occurs; which led to the discovery of the gold. Capl. Sutter footing the groat want of lumber, contracted in September last with a Mr. Marshall, to build a saw milt at that place. It was erected in the course of tho past win* ter and spring-rtf dam and race constructed; but when the. water waa let on tho wheel, tho tail race was found to bo 100- narrow to pcrmUlho water to escape wilh.sufficicnt rapidity. Mr.'Marshall, to .labor, let the water directly into the race with a strong current* so as to wash (I wider and deeper.— He effected his purpose, and a largo bed of mod and gravel was carried to the foot of tho race. Ono day Mr. Marshall, as he was walking down tho ruco to (his deposit or mud, observed ‘some glittering parti cles at fts upper edge; hd gathered a few, examined them, and became,satisfied t)f their value. He then wont (u (ho fort, told Captain Sutter o) his discovery, arid (hoy agreed to keep It a secret until a certain grist mill of Sutler’s was finished. It, however, got out, and spread like magic:' ; Remarkable success attended the lubbrsufthb first explorers, and in a few weeks hundreds of men were drawn thither. At the lime of my visit, but little mpro than three months after Us discovery, it was estimated that upwards of four thousand people wore employed. "At tho mill llicro is .a fine deposit or bank of grave), which the people respect os tho poporty of Copt. Sutter, although ho pretends to no right to U, and would be perfectly satisfied with the simple promise of a pre-emption, on account of tho mill, which he built there at con siderable cost, Mr. Marshall was living near the mill* and informed tno that, many persons wore em ployed above and below him; that they used the ■a mo machines as at the lower washings, and that their success was about the same—ranging from ono to throe ounces of gold per man daily. Tho gold, 100. Is in scales % little poosor than those of tho low or mines* From the mill Mr* Marshall guided mo up tho mountain bn the opposite dr’north bank oflho south fork, whore, In the bed of small streams or ra vines,'now tjryj ft .groat ijcal of coarse,gold has been found.’ I there saw several parlies ni work, alt of whom wero doing very well; a great many, spcbl mens wore shown mo, some ns Heavy ns four or-flvo ounces in weight, and I send throe picoes labelled No. 6, presented by Mr. Spence. You will perceive that some oflho specimens accompanying this,’hold mechanically pieces of qiiorlxj that tho surface is rough, and evidently moulded In tho crciHca of a rook. Tho gold cannot have boon carried far by witter, but must have remained near whore It was find deposited from the rohk that once bound It. I inquired nf many people ifthoy had encountered tho metal In its matrix, but Irt oVory Instance they said they had not; butthat the gold was Invariably mixed with washed gravel, or lodged in the crevices of oilier rocks. All boro testimony that they hod found gold in groplor or loss quantities in the numerous small gullies or ravines that oedur In that mnunlai rious region. On tho 7lh of July I left the riiill, and crossed to a small stream emptying Into tho Ameri can fork, three or four .miles below tho saw, mill. I struck tho stream (now knqwn os Weber’s crook) at tho washing’s of Sonol So Co, They had about thir ty Indians employed, whom they pay in merchandise, They wore getting gold of a character similar to that i found in tho main fork, and doubtless In sufficient quantities to solipfy llwm. I send you n small spo. cimon, presented by tms company, of their gold.— From this point, Wo proceeded up tho stream about eight miles, whofo wo found a groat many people and Indians—some engaged In (he hod of lho stream, and others in the Bruoil siclovnlloys that put Into it. Thcso latter are exceedingly rich, arid two ounces wore considered ah ordinary yield (hr a <|ay*s work. A email gutter not more than a hhndrod yards long by 4 feet wide and 2 or 3 fool deep, was pointed out to mo as tho oqo whore two men—William Dalay and Ferry McCoon—had, d short timo ’before,'obtained $17,000 worth of goldi Capt Wober informed too tlibt'ho Unfcw that those two men had employed Tour white iripi and about a hundred Indians', and that at llio onflSrf ono week’s work, they paid off their par.! ty* addend left 810,000 worth pf this gold. .Another small fffrino was shown me* from which had been - taken upwards of 812,000 worth of gold. Hundreds of ‘simitar, ravines,' to all apperanco, ore asyet-un- I could not hare credited these reports Been, in the abundance of the precious metal,' tfyfdcnco of their truth. . Mr. Ni|igh,an agent of Commodore Stockton, hod . beon.allSbrk abonl three wooks in the neighborhood, dnd shewed me in bags and botllos over $2,000 .worth of gold;’ and Mr. Lyman* a gentleman of education, and worthy of every credit, said ho had been engaged with Four others, with a machine, American fork, juVlj below Sutter’s mill; that they worked eight days! and that his share was at.the rale of 850 a day; but hearing that others were doing bolter at WcbcrVj place, they had removed there, and were then phftho point of resuming operations. I might tell of hundreds of similar instances j but, to Ulus Iralo hotv plentiful llio gold was In tho ; pockets of common laborers, I wH! mention a simple occurrence which took place In my presence when 1 was at Webcr*«t store. This store was nothing but an arbor ofbushes, under which ho had exposed for sale goods and groceries suited to his customers. A man camo in, picked up a box of Seiditz powders, and .asked its price. ~ Cap!. Weber told him it was not for sale. Tho rnon’offerod nn ounce ofgcdd, but Capt. W. told | him cost 50 cents, end he did not wish to so!) if. : !Thc;m nn then offered an ounce and a half, when Capt. Weber had to toko ft. Tho prices of all things are hlglvknd yet Indians, who before hardly knew what n jbrcach cloth was, can now 'afford to buy the most gaa|dy dresses. • " i The' country on cither side of Wober’-s creek is much broken, up by hills, and is intersected In every direction by small streams or ravines, which contain | more or loss gold. . Those that have been worked are barely scratched; and although thousands of ounce* have been carried awiiy, I do not consider that a so* rious impression has been made upon' (he whole.-*- Evc.ry diy'wßß developing new and richer deposits; and the only impression seemed to be, thatlhe racial would bq found in such abundance as serrehsly to dcprcchle in value. . On.lh’e Bth of July T returned to tho lower mines, nnd. on ftitf following day to Sutlers where on the 10th I- Was' making preparations for.a visit to tho FeathovVubah, nnd Bear rivers, when 1 received a letter Iropt‘Commander A. R. Long, United State* Navy, Who>hnd just arrived at San Francisco from k'Uli a crew for the sloop of war Warren, with l° take that vessel to tho squadron at La Pdz.' Crtpt. Long wrote to mo that the Mexican Congress libd adjourned without .ratifying (he treaty of peace ;" that he had letters for me from Commodore Jones, and'that his orders were to sail with the War* run oh or before the 20th of July. In consequence of thesdj-Ij determined to return to Monterey, and accordingly: arrived hero nn the 17lh of July. Be* fore 1 satisfied myself that gold ex isted inT-tlitf Bed of tlio Feather river, in the Y.ubnh and ln many of the small streams that lie. between Uie latter nnd (ho American fork; also, that it had'-bderl found in the Cosummcs to the south of the American fork. In each of these sit earns tho gold is fophd in small scales, whereas In the intorvo* nlng mopbWins it occurs in coarser lumps. Mr. s)ht|||rrir, whoso rancho is three miles above 1 Sutler’lfhtl-dha north side of the American, employs ■ about fity'jlhdinns' on the north fork, not far from its ' junction the .main stream. Ho., had been en- I gaged wlfcftFsaWtilra, and up io' • tli/it time his Indians had used simply closely woven ■ willow baskets. His nett prdcocda (which I saw) ■ wero about $16,000 worth of gold. He showed mo 1 the proceeds of his last week’s work—fourteen pounds 1 avoirdupois of clean washed gold.. Tho principal store’s at Sutter’s Fori, that of i Brannon had received in payment for goods i $36,000 (worth of this gold) from tho first of May to 1 the 10th of. July. Other merchants had also made !* extensive sales. Largo quantities of goods were daily sent forward to the mines, ns the.lndians, hore -1 inforo so poor and degraded, have suddenly become ’ consumers of tho luxurlce of life.. 1 before mention od that (ho greater part of tho farmers and ronchcros 1 had übandohed ,{heir fields to go to llic mines. This is not tho Caso with Capt. Sutter, who.was carefully gathering (his wheats estimated, at 40,000 bushels.— Flour is already ,Worth at Sutter’s S3G e barrel, and soon will bo fifty. largo quantities of bread* stuff reach the country, much suffering will occur; but as each man Is,now able to pay a large price, it, is believed (ho merchants will bring from Chili and . Oregon.a plenllfiil supply; Tor tho coming winter. 1 Tho most modbr.q(p;Cotima(e I could obtain from, men acquainted with tho subject, was (hat upwards of four thousand inert wore working In Vho.gold, din. trlct,of whom more them onb’lialf wero Indiana; and (hat from $30,000 to $50,000 worth of c gnld,Jf not more, was daily obtained. The cnllrcjgold district, with very few exceptions of grants made aomo years ago by the Mexican authorities, is on land belonging to (ho. United States, It was a matter of.-scrloUs ro« flection with mo, how I could secure to tho govern ment certain rents rir foes for the privilege of proou. curing (his gold; but upon considering (lid largo extent of country, Iho.charncler of the people errgag. od, and tho small scattered force at my command, I ; resolved not to interfere, but to pdrmlt all to work ' freely, unless broils and crime should call for inter* * Terence. I was surprised to tarn (hat crime of any < kind was very (infrequent, nnd thot no thefts or rob- ' borics had been committed in the gold district, AU | live in tents, in bush arbors, or in tho open air; and I men have frequently about their persons thousands of dollars worth of this gold, and U was to mo n matter of surprise that so peaceful and quiet state of things should continue to exist.. Conflicting claims to particular spots of ground may cause, collisions, but they will bo rare’, as the extant of country is bo groat, and tho gold so abundant, that for the present thero Is room nnd enough for all. . Still the govern ment Is entitled,to tents for this land,and Immediate stops should bo dovisod to collect (horn, for the longer it is delayed tho more difficult it will become! One plan 1 would suggest Is* to send out from the United Stalo* surveyors with high salaries, bound to servo specified periods. . .A superintendent to bo appointed at Sutler’s Fort, with power to grant licenses to work* spbtofgrounc say 100 yards square—for ono year, ot a rent of froni 100 to 1000 dollars, at his discretion ; (hb sur veyors to measure tho ground, and place tho renter in possession. • t ■ A bettor plan, however, will bo to hove tho district surveyed and sold at public auction to tho highest bidder, in small parcels—say from 2p to 40 oerps*— In either case, there will bo many intruders,' Whom for years it tylll bo almost impossible to exclude. Tho discovery pf these vast dopoMlos of gold.has entirely changed the dharaolot of Upper Californio. Its people, before engaged Ih cultivating Ihoir small patches of ground, nnd guarding their herds of cattle and horses, have all gone to the mines, or aro -on (holr.way thither. Laborers of every trade have left I their work benches, nnd tradesmen their shops.— Sailors desert Ihoir ships ns fust they arrivo on (ho 1 coast,arid several vessels have gone (o sea with hardly enough hands to; spread a sail, Two or three,aro now l at anchor la San Francisco with no,crow on board. Many dosorlions, too, liavo taken plsoo from the garrisons within the influence of those mines; twenty-six soldier* havo desalted from lha post of Sonoma, twonty.four from thot of San Francisco, and ' twenty-four from that of Monterey. For a few days tho evil appeared »o tbroaloniug* that groat danger existed that the garrisons would leaf* Inis body; and T refer you to my orders of the 25;h of July, to show j the steps adopted to meet this contingency. I shall .pare no .union, lo apprehendend puni.h de.Qrtcr., Uul I balin', no llmo in tho hiatory of our oounlry ha. pro.onted »noh temptation. lo de«otla. now oii.l in California. Tho danger ofopproliQUaion i> amnll, and tho pru.po.lo of hlgli wogoo certain j pay nnd bnuntioi ora trliloa, na labotltja men nl tho mine. can now porn in on. day niorolltan double a .oldict'e pay nnd allowance, for n fnonlh, aftd oven tho pnyj ofa lieutenant or oapU'm cannot biro a oorynntr A carpenter ot mechanic vvonld’ncl,Hatch to an olTct of less than fifteen or twenty-dollar* n day; Could any 1 I combination of bff&lrs try a man’s fidelity more than | this? and,l really think some.extraordinary mirk of I favor should be given to those. soldiers;who .remain faithful to their flag throughput this templing crisis. . No officer can now llvb in Californio on Ills pay* money baa bo little value; the prices of. necessary articles of Clothing and subsistence are so exorbitant and labor so high, (hat to hire a cook or servant has become an impossibility t save to those Whoaro.earn- Ing from thirty to fifty dollars a day# This slate of things cannot last forever. Yet from the geographic cal position of California, and the new oharacter-it ■ has assumed as a mining country, prices of labor will always be high«nnd will hold nut temptations to descry I therefore havo to report, if the government wish to prevent desertions hero on the part of men, and to secure zeal on tho part of officers, their pay must bo Increased very materially. Soldiers, both of tho volunteers and regular, service, discharged in this, country, should .bo permitted at once to locate their land warrants In the gold district; Many pri vate hfttbrs havo gone to tlie United States, giving accounts of tho vast quantity of gold recently discov ered, and it may be a matter of surprise why 1 have made no report on this subject at alt- <c. — The reason Is, Chat I could hoi bring myseiflobelieve iho reports that I heard of the .;tha district, until I visited it tion now In savirigtbat jherfetja mltho country drained bteme jdaq ui n rivers than.will dost ot^W|rf^scn tVfar with Mexico a hiindred times bver. -Nd ospital is requir ed to obtain this gold, as tho labonpg .man wants nothing but his pick, shovel and tin pan, with which to dig and wosn tho gravel, and many frequently pick gold out of tho crcvlccs of rocks with their but cher knives, in pieces from one to six ounces;. . Mr. Dye, a gentleman residing in Monterey, and worthy °f every credit, has just returned from Fea ther river. He tells mo that the company to which he belonged, worked seven weeks and two days, with an average of fifty Indians, (washers,) and - that their gross product was two hundred -and. Bcvonty-Vhreo pounds of gold. I|(s share, (one seventh,) after pay. Ing all expenses, is about thirty-seven pounds, which he brought with him and exhibited in Monterey. I aoo no laboring man from .the mines who docs not show his two, three, or fourpounds of gold. A so!- dlor of (he artillery, company returned here a. few days ago from the mines, having been absent on fur lough twenty days. He made by trading and work ing during that time,sl,soo. During these twenty days ho was travelling ton or eleven days, leaving but a week, in which.he made a sum of money grea ter than he receives, in pay, clothes, and rations, during .a, whole enlistment.of five, years.. These statements appear incredible, but they are true. Gold Is also believed to exist pn the eastern'slope of (lie Sierra Nevada ; and when at the mines, 1 was informed by an intelligent Mormon that.il had been found near tho Groat Sail Lake by some of liis fra lernlly.' Nearly all tho Mormons are leaving Cali fornia,'to go to the Sail Lake; and this they -surety would not do, unless they wore sure of finding gold (hero In (he same abundance as they now do on the • Sacramento. Tho gold “placer” near the mission of San Fer nando has long been known, but has been little | 'wrought for want of water! Tbls is In a spur that pats off from tho Sierra Nevada, («eo Fremont’s map.) the same In which the present mines Occur. . There is, Iheioforo, every, reason to believe, that In tho in lervening! spaces of five hundred miles (entirely un explored,)* there must- bo-niony^«htet«y»iid-;rich deposits. The “placer” gold is now substituted as the currency of this country; in trade It passes freely at $l6 per ounce; ns an article of commerce Its value is not. yet fixed. •• The only purchase I made was ofj tho specimen No. 7, which 1 got of Mr. Ncligh at $l3 the ounce. That is about (he present cash value in (ho country, although it has been said for less.—- Tho great demand for goods and provisions made by this sudden development of wealth has. increased llio amount of commbrco'at San. Francisco very much, nnd it will continue to increase. I would recommend that a mini bo established at some eligible, point of the bpy of Sa n Fracisco; and that machinery, and fill the necessary apparatus and workmen, be sent out by sea. These workmen must be bound by high wages, and oven bonds to secure (heir faithful services,.else, (he whole plan may be frustrated by (heir going to the mines as'soon as they orrivo in California. If lids'pburao bo not adopted, gold to (ho amount of many millions of dollars will pass yearly to other countries, to enrich their mer chants and capitalists. Before leaving the subject of mines 1‘ will monlion, that on my return from the Sacramento I touched at Now Almoder, the quicksil ver mine of Mr. Alexander Forbes, consul of her Britannic Majesty at Topic. The mine Is in a spur of mountains l,(h 0 feel above (he level of the bay of San Francisco, and is distant in a southern direction from the Pueblo do San.Joae about.l9 miles. .. The ore (olnnnbar) occurs In a largo vein dipping at a atrorfg. angle to (ho horizon. Mexican minors ere employed in working it, by driving shafts ond galls rieS oboul C fool by 7, following Iho vein. The rrbgmcnls.of rook and oro.aro removed on the t back of Indians, in raw-hide sticks. .The ore is then , hauled in an ox wngon.iftpm the mouth of tho mine , down to a volley well supplied. With wood and,water, i in which tbo furnaces are situated* . The,-furnace* , are of (he simplest construction—exactly like a pom- | man bake oven; in (ho crown of which'ls inserted u ( whaler’s trying kettle; another 1 inverted UcUlo'forms the Ud. From a hole, in tho lid a small brick channel loads to an apartment, ot chamber, in the bottom'of i which Is inserlod o small iron kcitlo. This chamber has a chimney. In tho morning of each day tho kettles nro filled with tho mineral (broken in small pieccsVmUed with Umo *, fire is then applied and kept up all,day. • The mercury Is volatilised* passes • into (ho chamber, is, condensed on tho sides ond bottom of tho chamber, and Sows into tho pot prepared for it. No water is used to condense the mercury. During a visit I made Inst spring, four such ovens were in uperotion, and yielded in tho two days 1 was there 666 pounds of quicksilver, worth at Mazallan 61,60 per lb. Mr. Walkinshaw, the gentleman now in charge of (his mine, tolls mo that the vein is im proving, and that he can afford to keep his people j employed oven in these extraordinary limes. Thisl ■ mine is very valuable ilaclf, and becomes the more so ae mercury Is extensively used in obtaining gold. It is not at present used In California for (hat pur pose, but will bo at aorno future lime. When I was at this mine last spring, other parlies were engaged in searching for veins; but none have bcon dlicover cd tjiat are worth following up, although the earth in that whole rongo ofhllls la highly discolored, indhjo ling tho presence of the ore. I send several beaullftil specimens, properly labelled. Tho amount of quick silver in Mr. Forbes* vats, on the 15th of July, was ; about 2,500 pounds. , •- . . , I enclose you herewith sketches of Iho country through which I passed, indicating the position of * the mines ond the topography of tho country In tho vicinity ofthoso 1 visited. , I have Clio honor lo be, Jour J Colonel Ist Dragoons, .Commanding. 1 Brig. Gen; R. Jones, Adjutant General U, 8, A., 1 Washington, D..C, - ■ ’ Notc,-»Tho original letter of which (Ins iv a copy, I was sent to Us address, in otiargo of Ll. L. Looser, 3d artillery, bearer of despatches, who sailed In tho schooner Lambayooana, from Monterey, August 30, 1846, bound for Poyln, Porn. 1 Lieut. Looser boars, In addition to the specimens roonlloned ln Iho Tore-) going loiter, a tca-oaddy containing two hundred and I thirlyounccs fifteen pennyweights and nine grains of gold. This was purchased at Ban Francisco by ] my order, and is sent lo yon as a fair sample nf.tho I £old obtained from tho mines of tho Sacramento. .. .It lii a mixture, coining from Iho various ports of tho gold district. ■' R. B. MASON, Col. lal Drug, Comd’g, Head Quarters XOtii Mil. Dr^artmknt. • .(pai») Sopt. io» • oCrTho Barnum’a Museum, N. York, died on Saturday. lie cost AT $* liO PER !■ • Some word* on . j.* [j]: It Is a very rare thing to meet ftith.a'polite man pr woman, in any circle. Those who approach Ihb nearest to it, ore generally to be found Itv.lho classed where we leSat expecl ; lonnd them—‘■thatis,the poor*. erclasles.< In order to politeness, there must be a Certain delicacy and sensibility \ and these- areofttd wanting-where fine clothes and a long parse are lobe found. Every one’s experience will, bring to light tbtf many illustrations of ibis-troth. The world la full of blockheads and boobies, who have' neither • brains to comprehend nor heart to .feel, and in wbotn .true humonityhas no expression! bat neVerihekjA; the happiness of mankind depends l jn a very gfeAt measure upon (hat.delicacy of attention which forina - the-basis of politeness. 1 *•’’.■ t , You hnvc sometimes, pbfrbapS,' been telling a alofjr to a 1 friend:, who would not for the world injure yotn* feelings, and when you have half done, you are vqry fcbolly told, ”1 have heard that before." To say the,. least, you.- feel a tittle' piqued, and In 4(lito of ynUrtlfi ybd cannot get oyer it for an hodr. Others wllfitop ’ ybh to correct adiamc, to .fix a date, or to give n lov eably; which, of course, tells the company -that yooe mentor knew belter about it than yon-did, *and yon feb! that you have been rather stale and stupid, and are afraid your ears will show themselves all the evening after; -i- •• • »- , d. Wo have befor&now heard a, young lady sing, and immediately an ope of masculine or feminine-gender, would burst out into a panegyric upon some one else, whom they had heard sing that same song in a maa*. terly manner* ' This: is only .telling tho' songsfresb. that she is a'*»ligbi'lpetformcr?bn a very lillle wheeK Another would add that they/copld'hoVer* bear lb heAr that music, since such and such a professed to*.. callsl sung it. r j •*' i ' V- , Another grCat'sjtacies ot) rudeness i« the liabit'of prying into l people’s pecuniary affairs, the amonnl-oft lliclr income,—the results of certain'business trant«v actions, and the cqst of their living.-! All* these are ( very tempting subjects -for little minds, and wo have known a whole company marvellously well cnler*' s t&lned by such exercises—which only tcvaltcd ljflh® proof that they wero very impolite poople.--Bbalen ! Bee, Confide In yonr Mother* To tjjo daughter wo should say, that no .favorite can love you with an affection so disinterested a* your mother* Deceive her, and your foot will did*' from under in duo time..-How rouny-lhoughUesr.> daughters receive addresses against the wish o/Uheirj. farepts, receive them clandestinely) give their htmd , n marriage, and thus digthe grave of their earthly?’ happiness. Ho who would persuade you to deceive your parents, proves himself* in that very deed, no* worthy of your confidence. If you wed will apeodiiy realize what you have lost. ' ’ have exchanged a. sympathising friend, and an able*> judicious counsellor, for a selfish, unfpelingcompan* , ion, ever seeking his own accommodation and bis own you in health) and desert ing you when sick. *i\Vho has not read.the resvard” pf deserted parents in ; lho pale and melancholy fea* lurce of the unduliful daughter, . A' SnilnoM Mon*. • . The following: dialogue actuary occurred -at the, Into Presidential election,'but.-in what 1 particular corner of Uncle BanTu “potato patch,” this deponent eayelh not*. • _ • '* ». •v, Politician—“ Come, you’re going, to vote my way ifiaa lime, ain’t yoii ?" V ‘ i "i Voter—“ Should like-Very much ip oMtege 'jpUj afr, but P always rotca'wijh politician of (lie opposite party.) . Politician— U W hat does Mr.—— generally giy« , you ?1* * - • ’n-' -V Voter—“ Two dollar?, cash, arid a called dress for. Kitty” (his wife.”) « r'v .* Politician—“ Well, I will give-yea Uiifsa doUara, cash, and a calico dress, if yod will vote my Woy.'-f Como, what aay you 7”^, .7 • '7 . Voter (after reflecting! *a while) — a Very fair offer, sir, burif can’t vole*yoi»r lipket."- <•, *< Politician—“Wliy nol7f. Jf offer yotl one dollar more than you generally gel." !r ;j J Voter—“ Yes, that’#, all very.true, sir; but.Wfr*. ——, you ece; la a regular cailonier," — St. Mary'i Beacon, . ;• •' W* : ttlni (tt Yophg JLadiei. : , > »• i Why did you nov lake th«,orrti of my brollver last night? sold a young’ lady lo.bor frie/id, a Very Intel* ligent girl, about a largo town near lake Ook tar to; she .replied, M Because I know him lo bo a-U* pontious young nian,” ‘'Nonsense,” of iho sister, if you refuse the attentions bT r oli-)ipeii^ > tious men, you will.hajre'p jic..! OBmaisuVe.-.y.qaj*-*’ ••Very well” said her friend,'l* then 1-can with them ultogothci>-?ror my resolution on this ebb* jeet is unalterably fixed,” ..Ilow long would ft> tare to rovoluUomto.Socletyj wefb all young Jadios : (o : adopt this resolution 7 . it> . , ... J •'? " Dlarrltge wltliont JE»ovai. • it • >> f The worntof. *ll moQkerjcsrJs marrlngb Without 4 love; a yoking (pgethpr }but not 4 union, bondagej W ithout a bond; a mulNpilcslion of.oll tbb burden*; oflifo fur both parties, without a mutual llfo-intcrcsl;, and like the offering of a whole fmp.Uy to falsa gods*, whoso demands are never tatisficb, ‘ the sacrifice, there. is. still no alone. Too, tnanV.l matches are, made in confusion—thoyhavo flo fa\Ui i in their-composition and, therefore,pn abundance ofir sin. The'© may bo sincerity enough in them but 100 often it is sincere scifishncsb. j 1 , He Firm* ■ . Tho.wind and.the waves may boat againatarock,' planted in a troubled sea, but it romnjns uumoyydi~-v Bo you liks-tltuV rock, young map.« V.icp indy eollpe, and the song and the cup- hmy, Invite. 1 Beware.*— Stand firmly at yourrost. Let your principles shine’ forth unobsopred. «There is glory ia the thought. that, you have resisted temptation and conquered.--' Your bright example wlll-bo lo the world what the' light-house is lo the mariner upon the sea shbro.- will guide hundrcdMo tho.poitjt of virtue and safety. ,’ % i To Youhg Men* ! ;r How, after the duties of the day arc over, do you employ youi* evenings? This Is a question of Im* , porlanco. If you have no TcguUr omploymedl, i& n fixed pursuits lo engrpss jour attention,* and operate, as a stimulus when unomploycd k you most, of necct*, slty, have inony leisure and unoccupied hours—lnter* 1 vais when time will hong heavily on your bands,-and suggest the necessity of somo moans to relievo ll'of Its weight. The very lime which, is dissipated Idleness, would. If devoted, to study, enable marty r young man to obtain eminence and distinction ill some useful art. . i. Homely* . ' ’} ;» What if you aro ns homely as a. log hull, DoaM cry about it. Lsl goodness of hoailmako up for out ward looks. A Indy with eyes tjiat resemble pealed onions, and a no«o as crooked -us —a chin ]iko a hoc, and a mouth that aUoUheefrom ; ear to oar, and opehatllko a jack«knife, ;wi)f be:IUWO-i respected nnd .bo)ovod, by tboao whose opinion it Is worth' one’* palps to secure, If she possesses, a.gppd heart and hind disposition, than if sbo were as {letui.i ttful ob MiUon*a Eye, with % cork screw disposltipiy. and a heart of load. TKo wise never judge from.lbp,, domtdoxiop.pf the,skim or the, symolry pTthe fotm v hut from liio virtucu of the hcarlandacorroppon.dlng Ufb.‘‘ ■ . .. v ' , > 11 The AfTeotlona* - » PWero lin a desert,’* snysS-TRRNis, U 1 would find’’ something in it to cull forth my affections.-.‘'.lf could not do bettor, I would Anton them upon sptdeii sweet myrtle, or sack some melancholy eyptbifttf ihd repose beneath Us shades, I would carve my upon them, and declare they were the loveliest trees, throughout the desert. If their loaves withered, would loach myself to mourn, and when thcyreWhftM 1 * od Ihclr verdure* I would instinctively rejoice, -DTHe;. heart and. the affections require to be called Ifort|w/ and if we are sn unfortunate os to bo de#lltute, fVlendq, wo must endeavor to place them übori sonlev thing that Is sensible to our. attachment; torJUPItUTf endowed, with fbelings and rSenaibilHy*i«lolhlrttf cab" be fie dreadful as a stale of indifference " , v 4? , K 6.28.;.,
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