BY JOHN B. 'DIUTTON VOL. 35. THE AMERICAN VOLUNTEER, Is published every Tlluraddy, at Carlisle, Pa,., by JOHN B BRATTON, upon- tUo:following conditions, which will no r lgidly adhered to r : . 'V ■ 1 ‘ 1 , , .TERMS OF BbDSCUIPTIOW. Q 00 Forone year,in advance, . . ... • •: * 0 0 For six months, in adoancsi a • • *. ’ fl „ n No subscription taken Tor alow term than six month , no discontinuance pormlttoduntil all arrearnges ar i _ . TiVenty.fivo per cont.addltlonaiobtho price P Will be required of all those whodo ddtp?y in advance. r RATES Of ADVERTIBI}?d Ono square, one insertion, Ono sqharo, two insertions,' v*V One square, throe Insertions, Every subsequent insertion, per square,, . A liberal-discount will bo made to those, who advertise by the year, or for three or six months. - Omca.—The oflico of the American fjpfunUcr Is.in the sec ond story of James H. Graham’s new stono building, in South Hanover street, a fcw (teora from Burkholder’s hotel, and di rcctly opposite tho Post-ofllce, where those having business wlli’pitsaaacaU. : ' •• " - < ADDRES OF* Hon. Morris'Lohgstreth, BEFORE THE JEFFERSONVILLE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. At a meeting of. the. Jeffersonville Agricultural j ji.Association of Montgomery county, at Jcflersoville, t on the Illh day of January, 1847, on-motion of Mr. t Wm. Ilamill, tho following resolution was unani- < inously adopted: ( - Resolved, Thai the this society bo exton. t ded to Judge Longslrcth for his excellent and % spirited , address before tills society ,* and tiiut he bo requested ] to furnish a copy fur publication. I ADDERS'S'S;. . . i in rising to address tho “ Jeffersonville AgrieuUu - ral Association,” of Montgomery county, Fennsylva? , nia, you will allow me to express my hearty, con. | gralulalions, that you have at length followed tho f example of the intelligent men of other States and | countries, by making an united effort in the great ( cause of agricultural improvement.. “In union there Is strength'; 1 ’ 1 and this axiom is , especially applicable to. Tillers of the Soil,'who from ( the,nature of their employment, must habitually live and labor, in a measure isolated—and therefore emi nently fee) tho necessity of staled meetings, to discuss Iho things appertaining to, this greatest of all into rests.*’ . In thus associating, ybu have not only consulted your true advantages, but you have also followed the instinct of tho age, in • concentrating the lights of many intellects on a given point: dnd for the benefit of others, it may bo suggested that your deliberations In future shoiild bo recorded and transmitted for publication to some agricultural Jodrnal. in this facility of presCr*ing facts by printing, lies our great advantage ovdr past generations, and the germ of improvement In all time to eomej for no hand can write, no longue can tell, what sdblimb discoveries in the science of Agriciflliirul; may have perished with tho myriads who have gone before us, from tho period when tho command went forth, “in tho sweat of thy face shall llipi(, cat ( l}i;cad.’'*, For t in the midst !of his lolls; the jfgriculluriol 'ihoy derive new vigor, (o Ids nervo, and now strength to his qrm, from the reflection, that his occupation, blended with that of tho Herdsman, has been especially appointed to man, us the cond/lioh of his existence by the flat of his Creator. , • . : Labor, moreover,’ has been blessed by Heaven: v and the enjoyment of .Paradise itself, without the occupation of tho faculties bestowed upon him, was totally incompatible with hdppfaqss pfpian. This is proven by tho fact, that when ho was created,’and placed in the Garden of Eden, ho was not to cat tile fruits of idleness, but ho was enjoined “ to dress it and keep U. n It is therefore ,aif ordinary .error to imagine, lh.it the necessity of labor.involves also an onerous burden whereas, all whose .fate is to. have no occupation, uro among the-most 'miserable of mankind. .Idleness,on tho.onu hand, and excessive labor on the other, constUutks the extremes; and which is the greater o'vil of the two, is a problem Ivory dlflicult of solution. Tho happy medium I* moderate labor, and an adequate reward/o'nyf;tiffs condition, which incidenlly includes sufficient,leisure for tho cultivation of tho social relations,'literary, pursuits and political duties, is attained in this Com. monwcuUh as perfectly as.undcr any system i»f:gov eminent with which wo are acquainted, ancient or * modern. • * - Labor, being of divine institution, and necessary H to ilie well being of man, is therefore honorable; and Bos nations emerge from barbarism to the light of 1 civilization, this truth is fully recognized. And while we accord to tho manufacturer, ihq,mechniuc, and the miner, the award duo to their useful pursuits it will not bo forgotten, that to the tiller of the soil they owe the veryslufl of life, and his vocation lies at the root of human existence. '• Pro. eminently honorable, therefore, because pro eminently useful, is the life of the honest Farmer; , and if ho ever should bo templed to repine at his lot, and covet the luxuries of city life, let him beware of the thorn that lies concealed under tho gaudy exto. | rior of fashion; and iho vices that lurk in the prcclnts and purlieus of our cities. . Of the vicissitudes of f mercantile affairs, I can speak with the advantages of much persona) experience in earlier life; and may bfe«afoly say of my own knowledge, that of every ten roindividuuls, who devote themselves to commerce on ;4|tho credit system, not more than one is eventually Lot him remember an the other hand, iJSthul in (ho refined, but highly artificial stale of sod .-If ty in our cities, our mosl'omincnt citizens propose to ' themselves; as tho appropriate reward for editorial, fogal and medical ability, artistic merit, and mercan tile success, nn evening of existence, devoted to the fhnoccnt, natural and pure enjoyment of. life in the country. Cato says, and wo can have no higher pagan, ou* thorily. “That tho countryman hus lower ..bad thoughts, and as his property binds him to tho State, not so much as d pledge, but by the stronger and boiler lies of fueling; so it is natural that a labor wholesome to iho body, whoso powers it keeps in ex* oroiso, and not performed in gloomy dwellings, but i in tho unrestricted life of nature, in tho sunshine and iii the storm, should preserve the mind in perfect Soundness, and thereby cherish a sobriety mid acute rices of observation, a calm and unbiassed judgment. Tho free countrymen, who cultivates and'reaps his own held, enjoys in tho progress of the seasons, and in the nature of his qroploymenls, onti-oyory. varying dhd liberal .relaxation, 'Without which it is almost impassible that soul" and body cbn bo maintained in unbroken soundness.” * \ In tiio present enlightened state of tho public mind, il is requisite that we cultivate the intellect*, as well as tho sell; to restore to our profession a shadow of its ancient dignity I whan prophets, pools and slates men gloried in an art, which has been trampled upon rind despised, only In ages of ignorance, and barbs* rism. There is in fact no boiler standard, by which to measure the intelligence of a pcoolo, than to observe ijia estimate which is placed on ugObultural pursuits. Illustrations from classical literature, as well us sa cred history, crowd upon us at litis juncture, All the polished heathen notions of antiquity placed agrioul. lure under tho special superintendence of some favo rite dolly. Tho Isis of tho Egyptians, and tho Ceres and Pro* Scrplno of the Greeks and Romans, presided over every production of tho husbandman s and the beau tiful allegory of tho retirement of Proserpine to tho shades of Pluto, far half the year, typified thodormati condition of nature ih winter, and Her l-olurn, its brilliant revival In spring, Abraham, David mid Elisha, the latter of whom wos found ploughing. In his field, with a yoke ofnxon,uro sufficient examples of the practice of tho Hebrews. Hesiod, the colom. porury of Homer, wrote In lils praise, and Xenophon, one of tho groat names of antiquity, not only was a farmer, but the author of a beautiful udcounl of rural life 2300 yours ago. Tho Homans practised tho art of Ullage, with a zeal only secondary, to their military pursuits,,as the example of Ciftolnatus, and the wrl* nfCntOi Columella and Virgil, sufficiently ntlesl. irrigate the Holds at.night. An natural conScqnonco There canhat ho a better illustration of the honor of the revival at Agriculture, Navigation, Cotiliiicrcc by the Poralonrto- (ho-art of agriculture, and Manufacture's, are again flourishing. This gen. than the account of the interview between the youn- gentleman himself wore a beautiful cloth mnnuluc eec Cyrus and the Greek General Lyaander, who turod at Barcelona. Spain has long boon treated us Being led by/.Cyrus through his/grounds:. .‘.‘Alla cplony by England, for .the production of wool, these,” said the Persian, “Ihayo myself planned, which England kindly undertook to manufacture, and and even planted many of thelreos with >my own return to her increased ten fold in value., Iha ex* hands,” and ,when the Spartan General replied, by pulsion'of Esparlero, broke this dependence, and if lan incredulous, glance, at his splendid ,robes, f /md she can ■ succeed in reonnexing Portugal,'Gibraltar 1 chains, and armlets of gold, bo swore-to him tfy'Ml-; must-follow. Then, may- the noble race, which pro* (liras as a'good servant of Ortnuzd, that, he never duccd a.Gonsalvo do Coc'dovu, and a Ponce do Leon, lasted food tifl lie liad ftligued himself by labor.. after oges of oppression and opalhy, again commence I Tradition has rescued from oblivion, and transmit*, a career of prosperity, which was extinguished m ted to us, the rudiments of almost all we yet know , the avalanche of gold and silver, in the 16th ccnlu* I and practice, nolwilhstandlng>much that must have ryiJVodi the new world. , ' been lost. The remains' of anoient sculpture and 1 The most eligible mode, in our country, for the in. pictures, also help to enlighten us, and it is interest*.traduction of whatever is benficlal, would bp the for- I ing to view the first rude attempts in forming the malion.: of a company,.in.some central position, for I hoorspa'd&, reaping htfok and. plough. Tho plough, the cstabhshinbnt of Botanical and Zoological Gar especlallyi exhibits every grade of improvement, from dens ; which, located in the great city, I tho wooden beam, with a hard knot for a.coulter, would soon pay thei p own cxpcnsWv dosvn to the efficient. ancTscienlific implement manu* ® 8 well as plants, might bo gradually aecffi^oico r and faotured in this.village by your friend and neighbor, when 1 proved by' experience, to. bo valuoqlo, tjicro Seth I. Robcr.ts, would bo no difiicully in gelling them adopted .by The Tyro in agiiculturo 1 may also bo■ surprised, farmers. 1 am'to be,informed, that several liburaj and enlightened by Che discovery, from Iho.few eg* nlindcd gentlemen Of Philadelphia, have had anoint ricullurul -works that have come down to us, that plan in coniomplalion, to be carried into effect in.tho nearly all ordinary manures were Well known to tho vicinity of that city. • . ancients; This is sufficiently exemplified by a de* ’ TJi© formation,-of extensive .libraries, is not the scriplion of a Roman manure heap, that would do no outy method .ulnong men ; discredit to ourovvn times; u Almost every material ami it Is a subject of regret, that the kinlihsoninn capabla of dccdthppsilion which modern science or Institution, at Washington, connected ua*B,is with experience iias suggested, animal, vegetable, or min; Government, could not bo made subservient to oral, was carried to the manure heap. Their manure this.vilul interest. yards were slightly hollowed and paved atlhobot. . Bat. after all gentlemen, it as inlclli. tom.” They wore also favorable to ploughing under gent,men, whoso prosperity depends upon our own green crops ; drill husbandry was in full operation, 1 instiluc an inquiry as to the best method and threshing machines were Invented more than ofob(ainmg the ways and means. Wo rco oursc two thousand years ago. Though we did not find j beset with, difficulties, but we do not labor like those any direct mention of plaster, yet the use of linlo was without hope. Our greatest burden is excessive lux, common in various nations. Thus-it will bo seen, This is indeed the blirdcn of tho farmer s notwithstanding our astonishing strides in other song, in , all ages, and arises from the fact that land branches of knowledge, which consist, however, can always bo found; whiles money and jewels can ol chiefly in tho combinalion.and application of well, ways bo concealed. Our legislature, aware of the known principles—yet, that in tho science of-a'gri- injustice done -to the,farmer, has, mndo an c or culture wc arc still in our infancy. . tax personals;,wo all know with what success. Ih« Wc are Indebted for much that has been handed interest of.our public debt could readily bo.paid, l down, to iho monasteries of the middle ages.;, whoso taxation -was equalized io j proportion to value am snered character preserved them from the violence of protection. But the operation Is so tho more severo til o feacliil barons, in whoso libraries wcroslicllorcd upon u«i inasmuch os our Uxcsuro entailed upon us Iho ancient books. Olid, on whoso lands were carried losupporl canals and railroads, Ayhoso |irinol|ilo ho on almost all the agricultural operations that could sihess it is, to transport comniodilicB,yvhlch come in, be safely practised; competition with, and reduce the price of our own In ono important branch of our profession we ar.o productions. If it be true us the Pod says—that indeed far inferior to the Egyptuins and Assyrians, - ” Partial evil’s universal good.” and lliut is “ irrigation.” It is true, in this region, we must not complain. Wo do.nol dream of repu favored by the laic and early rains, wo arc not under diiilion { but we demand of our brethren, for whoso (he absoluoncccssily ofjollowing this system; though benefit we suffer, a just and honest equalization uf iho wc know its benefits from (he high-value of our burden. So much for the present ,* and us a u guar* watered meadows. In Egypt there aro.yol rudo at. antco for the future, wo propose on amendment to the tempts made, to follow in the ancient track, by constitution, requiring that the Stale shall contract . pumping the water of the Nile into reservoirs and no debt, without a special appropriation, for its spec* canals. But the.system of artificial irrigation was dy extinction. perhaps best understood in Mesopotamia, the land On tho other hand, it must be frankly.admitted first inhabited by man; a region famous for its early that our advantages do much predominate. Wo have civilization and fertility. Thqti&untry lying between one of the btfst'inarkcts in tho world, which takes at the Tigris and Euphrates; and. which must have been a fair, price, every description of our surplus produce, the granary for me stupendous citiusof Babylon and Wo have a soli which only requires good husbandry, Nineveh,*i£ new almost a desert, and its teeming to be highly productive. AVo have the means of pro population replaced by.. curing is-lhc ycry-difopf-the land, in The happy situation of ihisVegton, and tho oircum* abundance. stance, of the bod of the Euphrates lying, on a higher . The duty on salt, an article soessCrillal to (Ho far level than that of the . .Tigris,, enabled the wise mcr*— which was abolished in England 1823, and Chaldeans .to open a perfect net-work of sluices which we have patiently borne for more than half a and. canals from tho former river, which, after irri* century, has recently been reduced. We have plus* gating the country, were absorbed by the soil, or ter at u price which is always reasonable. Above discharged into the J#fgris. • ’ all wo have li«no at.our doors, cheaper than it can bo Even the use of did* artificial, grasses, - which* is produced efsewheror This-is an immense advantage, sometime claimed us a modern improvement, was fa- of which wc have not failed to profit- s The high and mifiur to tho ancient farmers of Italy and tho Prov- increasing value placed upon lime, may bo estimated, inccs, as wc arc informed by Gibbon particularly tho from a passage in a lato work on oalcurious manures, Lucerne, which derived its name and origin from by an eloquent French author, M. Puvis : . Media. Other descijptlons of. Clover were no doubt “The Supremo Being,” says ho, “ appears to have introduced, wilt) the alternate system of husband* placed lime everywhere, til the disposal of tho indue ry, which must have accompanied tho seeding of the try of man. Ho has 101 l him to labor in its employ, artificial grasses. ment and sometimes in Us preparation; but this is Thus wo find ourselves foratqlicd, in Iho adoption hot an unrequited labor; for tlio established laws of of the artificial grasseB ; and altarnalo husbandry ; and vegetation almost always recompense him, by cxccl ihcro, is reason to believe that wc should rather re* lent results.” grel pprlgnorance of the methods of tillage praclis- You nfo however practical farmers, and each ono cd by the ancients, than deplore their Ignorancoof of you has, f doubt not. Ids own peculiar views, about our improvements. Lucerne is yet not fairly domes- manuring the' soft, ploughing the land, seeding wheat, ticutcd; and there are individuals yet living.whohave and planting porn. . Many a lime and oft have you witnessed tlio introduction of red clover into our ays- discussed the origin of mildew,'smut undiclicat.— Item of rotation of crops. Tills great ameliorator, I Amidst such diversity of opinion among farmers, you was Informed by the lato James Vaux, was first ini* have perhaps never knownu mllYur,'who would admit por.tcd and t sow<n bydiiii), tm a fuf/n in this vicinity, the dogma, that wheal could turn to cheat. In this I (now harlly belonging* to John Shearer, Esq.,) provi*- tho millers arc supported by the Botanists; who : qua Ip tho American Revolution. .From here it rap* assert that like produces like,'all the world over. If lulj’spread lliroughqul thc Stale, . Soiqo years affo, hflwoVcr,’wheat will not produce chpat, It will he ad- I I tried the exporlmentof importing whitcclovcrsced milled, that the seed of cheat, like (hot of .some nth- Irom Germany, in some porta of which country it is cr grosses, must lie dormant for generations; until Used instead of red. . It added, muejp to (ho beauties ploughing or other change of circumstances, produ* IP~ ,P ttlilurcß » but the. excess of U was found too ces vocation/, ( It would Jjo a.poor return for your difficult to dry, when making hay. Oiir country like- fn inviting me Ihip day to address you, were wise claims to have been tho'first in which plaster Ito takoadvonlugo of-my position, which by courtesy was introduced to stimulate crops.. .The venerable admits of no reply, to force upon you my crude ideas Gen. Schcelz, now In the 84th year,.remembers when on these disputes “never ending, still beginning.” I he was yet .a boy, that n vessel arrived at iho wharf have rather endeavored (o bull your attention to of. in Philadelphia, containing come, lumps of plaster forts made In yuur noblo calling, in by-gono duys. among tho ballast. A - German passenger, havfng In taking a. short review of cor principal crops, it with a farmer in WMtopmsh*.lnformed him ( pf will, tyo ncccssa'fy to ro/er Ip my own opinions and its virtues, when applied to grass; whopeupon a spon pWeti'ce. iy l-«*I)ull do so with duo deference to the cimcn was procured, reduced to powder, and spread more matured experience of others; fWofnll subjects 1 with such benefit, as to insure ftr the future, a regj* it least becomes a man, to dogmatize on Agriculture, lur aud, constantly increasing demand. So various arc the qualities of land; and tho propor- Farmprs have been accused of parsimony ; and ai'q lions of vegetable and mineral ingredients of soils, perhaps prone to err on tho side of extreme caution, even, in l h u same vicinity, that opposite results often not only in reference to novel modes of tillage, but occur in contiguous positions,, Experience is,there especially do they demur to the adoption of now and fore, tlio safest.teacher,*and will remain to bo so, even untried breeds of animals. This is not surprising, when our. coqnlry shall, bo. filled wllU, Agricultural for tho farmof has no superfluous oush, to throw away Sacictles;*and farmers shall carry a portion of their on doubtful experiments, Ilismoncy comes imrd, and soils to (ho laboratory of tho chemist, to ascertain the is held tight. To succeed in Ids business ho must kind uml quality of mamuo or stimulus, required for economise, moreover, experiments in fanning arc un. any giVoh crop. , Hko experiments in chemistry or optics, whoso.ro- Indian Corn is usually pur firjst crop, after it is suits arc instantaneous—they are the work of time , considered necessary to plough the, sodl und panso* and long years may ho consumed in doubtful, or dis- quonlly coinmoncos our syslom uf rotation. Accord ostrous researches. Though every good farmer mnst ing to tho able report of the Commissioner of Patents fiosecsa habits of.accuruto observation, his attention for, 1845, whoso’statistics \ shall hereafter quote; the • nevertheless conslan ly distracted, by (ho various yield of Pennsylvania, that your w-is 17,126,000 duties of .tho farm. Ho has seen speculations, that bushels. of tho Morrus Muilicaulus for instance, explode like The relaxation of the British Corn Laws and the (ho south sea bubble. The introduction of Merino IMluro of the potato crop, have made Indian corn an Sheep, likewise, was an ora of wild and ruinousspoc- article oriimnonso commercial importance. Though utalion, which some of you, remember, Both oftheso long cultivated in the south of Europe, yet every ef* experiments will probably result in permanent bone- fort of enlightened and scientific men to introduce it fit to tho interests of tlio country ; hut accompanied into general use, hud failed. Joel Barlow's poem in as thoy'woro, by so much individual suffering, It is praise of hasty pudding, or mush, ts wo call it, and too much to require us to repeat tho dotfo very often. William Cobbott’s extraordinary efforts, proved olik<« Wq aro qow invited (o introduce (ho Alpacoa from unavailing, until (ho anathema of the latter upon the Booth America, on account of its superior wool,— polaloo, seemed realized by the universal blight. Front its history,■'and an examination of a specimen It U probable that some inferior descriptions of now. in tho mqnugofio in Philadelphia, it Would op. corn wdro indigenous, in both Asia and Africa— pear to unite the characteristics of tho sheep and ca« though hn this disputed point much Ink has boon mol. It has boon inlroduced.iqto Europe, and through shed, without Bottling the question. It Is however the medium of a .company formed in Boston, wo may certain, from Iho testimony of tho oa/ly navigators, cro long add it to odV Hat of dom'ostio animals. that Indian corn was In universal use among the na. It cannot bo expected of Individual farmers in this fi vo tribes of this continent from Canada to Panugo* country, to perform u duty, which, if undertaken at n l«> ■ Botanists have likowiso discovered Hin a state all In foreign nations, |s tho work of Government,— df nature, especially Humboldt nml Bonplnnd. Bv An intelligent friend who' CVaVblled last sutorrior kHidncss of Poloi; A, Browne, E)sq., of Phljadpl through Spain, informs mo that so attentive is that piiraj'wlib’libs wrlUon an Interesting essay cn Indian government to ihis object, that it has recently ini- oorn, 1- am enabled to exhibit to you an oar of native ported from Africa, largo hoards of elephants and oqrni oaqh grain ofVhlch is covered wlfli a husk or camels, to inhabit an cxlcnsfyp tro'ct of waste land, on There is evidence that this corn was fonhd , tho bunks of the Guadalqulvcr. To those have been' Q t the base of tho. Rocky Mountains;’and Uis certain added, with more doubtful expediency, a species of that it grows wild in Boulb America. Upon being tiger, comparatively harmless, for the sake of its brll. cultivated, it loses tlio husk on the grain, and assumes Hunt skin ;so that uur amateurs need only Visit (ho the appearance of. several varieties. *1 o the same the vicinity of Seville, to witness, as did my- infor. gentleman am I indebted for tho mro specimen of i mant, the habits of soma of those animals in a slate fowll corn from tho neighborhood of Wheeling, of nature. . Tho largo sample of gourd peed corn Is u specimen , Closely connected with our subject, I may mention of tho yield of Oregon; thisonr having however boon i on tho same undoubted authority, that throughout produced from seed, introduced from (hat country , Andalusia there is now a general revival of Agrlcul* last season. After having tried many varieties, «s , lure. The Turnons Vegas of Granada and Malaga (ho Baden, Jackson, While, Gourd ’seed and Dutton . aro onco more htoo.mlng gardens, ns they wore in tho corn, I uni convinced tho old Pennsylvania 8 rowed I limes,of the Moors. Tho accumulated waters of tho yellow, tho King Philip corn of Now England, m [ hills, oro during the doy dammed ,up in rdaorvoira; this lulltudo safest and most productive. Su/csl bo* ' and under tho superintendence ?f.a-public officer, cause its hardy habits and early maturity secure It - (hoy are distributed through thousands of sluices, to from frost; and most productive from the cxlraordm 5 SO 75 1 00 “OCR COUNTRY—WAY IT ALWAYS OK RIGHT—BUT.RIGHT OR WRONG,OUR COUNTR Y.’* CARLISLE, PA*, TH UESEAY; SEPTEMBER 14, 1848. ary oars to tho stalk. ( I have for many' > ycars. scleclod seed from the most fruitful'Stalks, which sometimes produce 4 perfect cars. Manured in the hill, i& yield is, according lu the season, from 60 to .70 bushels shelled corn to the acre; not guessed at but'measured. When to the is added 10 per cent/addilional price, which is'usually roah {zed upon flint corn, and the preference given to it:,by'millers who grind corn and ther, have wfe hoi made a strong easel The cob has been estimated to contain more than bran; and distillation proves it to produce' b£h oil and fed largely in this way for seve ral years by/substituting the cob in place of oats, usually chopbed with the corn, winch is too concen trated and pealing, without some admixture; It must bfl:bp;no in mind that tho capacious stomach oflhoQX or cotv, requires distension as well as strong milch cows, we always add one lial.f of whcatfbran to the mess—and to all kinds of proportion of at Icastonc-eighth of cuke meal. '•'.Ttfe onlylpUlbhr 1ha1..1.-.know of, who has vilified Thdion corirti j£ 4 Ui.e famousXharlefl Dickens, in his ‘‘N'dlqs qniA^nca; M wh'Cdeclares 'l/iat our corn breVd'lny. like molten lead upon his'stomach, which is tho best opology lie has yet made for the alrubila riotis character ofhis book. | The oat crop, which usually succeeds that of corn, 1 libs’ important claims .upon the good opinion of thc'l farmer. Its yield in Pennsylvania, in 1845, whs es timated a bushels, being greater than that of any other grain. Though not’tiscd in (his country, North Bri tain, for the food of man—uiuf‘in our climate degen erating in-weight and value; yd as food for horses on a journey, it is unsurpassed. It does not possess tho nutritive properties of corn, but it is exempt from Us healing and feverish tendencies. Usucceeds well . on land and wel, and perhaps tho best oats produced grow upon the table land of the Allegheny mountains. It is indeed from these more .Inclement and cool regions that wo aro forced to procure a renewal of our seed. Thoro aro several varieties j called by various local names, dj|Barl§ysoatir, Black oats, and the Tar-1 tarian or one-sided oatsr- This crop hus the valuable 1 properly by its rapid 1 advance', of overshadowing and di|Courugciiig tile growth of weeds; and consequently lo'avcsihu ground in an admirably clean condition, grass crops which follow it. Wheat, tholmnst important of the cereal grasses, is, been the great object.of tho fur mcr. T .In all wunUdes capable of producing it, the best lands arc ikyotcd to its cultivation.. So long lias it been.'under,lnc-dominion of man, that it is suppo. sed all traces of wheal in its wild or native state have been lost. 'MrV Buckingham, however, in his travels in Mcsopolifhjin, near Orfuli, the “Ur of the Choi* tfio plains covered with a plant, which, on comparing it with wheal, ho considered to bo (hut grain In its native state. In very early periods, wheat was a luxury, the use •of which was confined to the wealthy. The ancient kings of'Persia, who drew from each province of their vaavempire, tho production for'which it was most distinguished, selected Syria, ns their granary fof wheats.gnd v llic most beautiful specimen I huvo ever met brought from the vicinity of Je rusalem.; Thirteen grains wore sent to mo, and every effort wttf.made to propagate seed from them. Soy era) germinated, ‘.browing up stems and developing heads size.. Bqt it was struck by ! ceased-t6'repro*-i ducc. Tho result of this, ohd'olhcr cxponmcnlagof tho kind, arc less to be regretted, us there is reason to believe that any variety of wheat will soon adapt itself to tho suil anti climate, in which it may bo introduced. You must have observed what a change lias como over the Mediterranean wheat so'gcncrully adopted by us a lew years ago. It lias lo.d its exemption from the fly and mildew, and it is with difficulty a pure sample cah any longer be obtained, it being appa rently absorbed intoaor old red chuff bearded wheat*, which was doubtless introduced upon the first settle mcnl oflho country and found to bo well adapted lo ; (hosoil; .Pennsylvania,though producing 12,580,(100 bushels of wheal in 1845, was surpassed by Ohio and New York; and as Michigan, Wisconsin and lowa are.entering into the arena, It may bo wise in us td look to some other crops, In which wo shall not bo subjected to such dangerous competition. Though wo all know by sod experience, that a season seldom' pusses, during which (his crop Is not assailed by samo of its legion ofonomifts.ycl perhaps our'average producers nearly ns much perJacro as in ,England. -The weight of the straw is estimated at .about twice that of the grain; and early cutting is found to-bo both safest for the wheal and best for the straw. ; We never sow of late years Jess than two bushels per acre. Uvr, which is sometimes substituted for wheat in the sysloin of rotation, appears to bo a particular favorite, qs Pennsylvania produced in 1845, 11,939, 000 bushels, or nearly four times the amount of any (illiet Slate. The quality of the grain Is admirable ■ In our meta northern and hilly regions, but like oats, degenerates south of the 40lh degree of latitude.— Rye straw may ho considered the most valuable for the production of manure, and the various purposes 'of the farm. ’ ‘ , ■ ~ ' • Buckwheat is extensively cultivated In those parts ofour Slnto most distinguished for oats and rye. A , largo annual exportation of Buckwheat mcnl, Is tnsdo ( lo (fib sea ports, both nofth nqd south of Philadelphia. I ( The crop,of 1845 produced 3,322,1)00 bushels; I Dablrv has almost been banished from llio list of pur staples, and iho Philadelphia brewers aro forced lo depend chiefly upon New York for a supply.— The crop of 1845 was estimated at only 141,000 bushels. i * . In these statistics, wo are apprised to find-the very ilargo amount of fi6IKV,OOO lbs of Sugar, 535,000 lbs of Tobacco, and 41,370 lbs of SHU cocoons, credited lo Pennsylvania. , The Potato crop has been falling gradually for s’voral yours, and In 1845 was estimulcd. ut5,497,- 000 bushels. • , The potato had oxhjbiled.a gradual deterioration in constitutionalstaining, long before It waaoverU ken by the fatal rot; which is now producing such disastrous effects in tho old world. The importance n f ngiiuulturo in Iho eyes of statesmen, h»s never bcon'piire strongly developed, than now, when king doms are convulsed, and empires may bo overthrown, by the laUuro of a‘crop, of potatoes. . . It may bo perhaps laid down us a principle, that any plant propagated only from roots, or layers; for a long period, that is capable of reproduction from the seed, wlll.degeneuulQ and finally fail. And the seed from these emasculated plants, will naturally partake of the weakness of tho puropt stem. \Vo shall therefore, be underlie, necessity of renewing our sc6d from lh<? Andes { or Dome other region where the potato cun bo found in a state of nature.' In the moan time, ns the blight has not visited us with.any thing like the destructive effect; It has had in other countries} we may, by the choice of light and dry soils, succeed.in raising a qufllolcncy for our domes* lie consumption! for without tho potato, tho v dinnor table would bo n desert. ' . , Though the lews of vegetation require a certain .variation ohd succession ,lp the -cultivation pr oil crops,- thnthre not nulu'raj to too soil, yet the »kUrof man can so modify, these laws, as lo bond them to his necessities. - ’, 1 ’’ There is living In Northampton county, Ponnsyh nnlo. on tho With, oflho Lohlgh, n very agoJ m»n. whort ouocofl. in fulling upon n hy which ho could oblnin Iho e ronlo.t poy. bio yto d , of whint.ii W g1.0,n lorn, of yonn.,’ha. mi un.d it to bo conornTry adopted fu that region. 1■ l« i ShoimorW.loin, n.ftorlliodi.novoror, Jacob Sliolmnr, whom t haft tho ourio.Ky In vl.lt “I I"* nln,t ® u,, ‘ I Blitnlinl |iomo.tood,.omo your, ngoi nndfrom wlipm I obloinod tho following account l Wlion n voting roan with n largo fumlly of chib .iron crowing up nround him, and dqpondqnt on him for Kupport, lio ploidly norooivod l|i it undor Clio rudq nmoliuo llion exioting, ho would’not bo obio la main lulu them. lie alien thought over his dlfllouUles,| while following the plough, and at length (Jelenniqed upnn hla plan, which fqjlowcd up'without faltering 5 , ,has conducted hitnin the decline of. lifcf to ; copo and affluence,. .-J, • , ‘ •• When I saw him he had resigned thoactiveduties of his farm to a son; who wap following in his foot steps! offer having' hirrisolf practised Jils of rotation for 35 : years, wilh-*a constant improvement in: the, quality of his land ; , which, indeed had. the unmlslHkoablc stomp oCforlilily upon it. • f . • ... The farm contained 100 acres, winch was.ilmdcd as nearly aS possible into eight,fields of ifij acres; each of which wus curried through an eight ycat s rotation. -r - .Commencing with,a Fallow Field, ho ?| , Ist. Manured and limed; ploughed three times, In May. June and August; harrowed and seeded 1 bushel and'3 pecks per acre; of wheat, which was ploughed under. • . 2nd. Clover seed ’sown on wheat in Iho spring, six quarts to tho acre, which was pastured after hur vest. 9 •: 3. Plastered clover in Iho spring, one bilshcl per acre; cut in June, and ploughed under eccond crop, and and seeded again with wheat. 4th. Wheal —samo as No. 2. slh. Pastured early in the season, ploughed, undor second crop in August, and sowed wheat. Glh. Wheat again. ~ ' ’ , 7lh. Ploughed stubble, aowed rye, sowed clover seed In spring on rye. . . . Bth. Ploughed under clover sod and planted corn; and next season recommended. It will bo’observed (hut there were every year three fields in with wheal, one with rye, one with corn, two with cldvcri ond one fallow. The prodnco'had' one season reached us high as 1400 bushels of wheat, COO bushels of corn, and 300 bushels of rye. ' It is only of late years, tint science has discovered and opplied.lhe animal and vegetable refuse of the manufactories in Philadelphia lo the use of the far mer. ■ A commencement haS now been fa’uly made; and the glue boilers, skin dressers, color manufactu rers, wool combers, and sugar refiners, now contribute to the fertility of tho soil what but recently was a public nuisance. -Poudrello, Guano and bone dust aro also, considerably uked. Alllheso manures 1 have seen applied, with manifest, but various advan tage. My own experience has been in favor of a compost of marsh mud, plaster, lime and stable manure. • Bono dust has not on our heavy, rich soils, produ ced any thing like tho effects described in England, —and (ho consequence .Is, that bone gatherers are constantly travelling fur into the interior, collecting bones, which ore ground in Philadelphia and shipped to Liverpool. From this wc may infer that tho Geld of Waterloo is exhausted. : ' . « He who uses or consumes upon his own lamjflhe straw or hny ofjits Golds, selling, only a his grain, his fat cuttle and butter, may land in on improving condition; and aided by and plaster, need look no ‘further for manures. The process of returning lo tho soil, the culm or straw it has produced, is recuperative and reproductive, and is u wise provision of nature, lo save land from a tendency of sterility. Whoever sells hay or straw, should replace every ton sold with an equal weight of manure. For actual experiment has proved, that each* lon consumed, or littered In stables, produces more than its original weight in manure. Alter all that has been said about composting, candor obliges mo to confess, that long research, * enquiry and some practice, inclintnhu io the opinipn, ilmt the most cconomicaUiclhod of applying manure, : ir3ireef'Tfblfi*ffre* BUbleTO-lhe-soil^^h»ve4bu*-«P* 1 plied raw manure lo corn ground and ploughed .it 1 under, and as a lop dressing for grass sod at ill sea. ’ sons, except the depth of winter and in mid-summer; ; with results.that wore not only satisfactory but sur prising. Shakespeare, from whom dven-furmers may gather instruction, soys:—“Do not spread the com post on the weeds.lo make them ranker; 1 ’ which proves tlio practice of lop-drcssing in his lime. If wo could 'conveniently get our manure from the stable, spread upon the field, where it wus wanted, and ploughed under, (he field itself would bo the great compost heap or Übarulqry, saving to theisoi) I on immense amount of. gaseous evaporation. This practice has been .introduced into England on a large 1 scale; and some of its advocates go so far as lo nltri bule to It, a saving ofono-hulf of the manure. Tho 1 experiment is worth.trying, because It could not re. ' suit in any loss; but as the question Is important, and our lime too limited to go fully Into it, I beg leave to 1 refer you loan article on the subject In vol;7, p. 585, of tho ♦•. Quarterly Journal cf Agriculture”—which 1 can bo obtained in tho Philadelphia Library, and i pbrhbps in (hat of Norristown. ' • In approaching the conclusion of litis long, and I fear tedious discourse, 1 am also approaching a branch of our subject upon which it U probable I ’ shall have the misfortune to differ from many for whoso judgment I hove great respect.^ In advocating the careful preservation of old pas tures, and even recommending a large increase of permanent natural grasses, it will bo understood that I confine my views lo a marketable distance from Philadelphia. This area is, however, coostontlycx tending with tho annual increase of that groat city; and a consequently augmented consumption of (no products of tlio dairy. The fine taste displayed In favor ofieo cream, its recommendation by the physi cians in many cases, of illness, and above all the sub- | mission of the patient in swallowing it, indicate a ( tremendous Increase in its consumption; To supply , this demand many milk and butter farms are already ( appropriated; and tho production of butler will no- t ccssarily be from ii greater distance. When lo Ihls its added an acquaintance with the famous clotted cream of Devonshire, which requires only to bo last, cd to bo porhops more popular than icc cream, you will porceivo Iho necessity of a vast addition to our jusluro lands, of fimf* natural grass, for which this vicinity ia so celebrated. The abundance and swoelnessof our the peculiar variety of grasses of which they aro composed, seem to indicate, Ihol nature, lo afford us every aid, in the adoption of u system, which has tho additional find indispcnsiblo moiit, of being - ulso.the . Many farmers may be delened by the apprehen sion, that ificre Is not a field on their plantations, that 1 could ho made lo retain grass. Thoy, imagine it 1 would run out. Lot them try tho experiment, at one half the labor and expense bestowed upon land devo * ted io linage, and Ip dde season Ihey.nuy find tlrnir 1 pastures the most profitable, and least expensive part* of the estate. > » ■ 1 It is difficult lo Introduce now systems, and when ’ In pursuance of a conviction that this' was the 1 plan, I commenced lop dressing all timothy sod, in 'stead of plottgltiug it for corn, I was told that our ’ land was not natural lo ignis? and that-top. dj-esslng would never answ.cr. Tho result has boon however t so' ertpauVagUigt in producing green grass, that at > this time wo plough but one field a your, and hope ere » lung to bo'ahJQ (o sustain a cow twp uerps ' of sod, with a pasture In summer «nd hay in win- *° liaoo W. tf(ibc/lii,' E>q . of towor Morion, well known a. on ominonl farmer, ha. • floid >|!W which Imi not boon .ploughed for nearly a quarter or , a century, uii(i wlilcJt iio coiit*l<Jor» »ho moM profile bio „n kin pfoooi an-J llipra nro oxomij W )n England,of <.n)lgh°gtnlf V nonlim to (ho filliorjiind Is Jn advance of the other nnllona of tho world. -Ignorance and egotism have 100 long with-, held from Germany, tho homage dun to tho highest! errdor of Intellect { and a persevering industry, ,un* paralleled by any oilier pcoplq; and in uddruasinguh nudlmicc/meny.of whom claim lha\ country for their fatherland, it may be pardonable to advert to her ll ties to respect t In Agriculture; Liebig,Thaor, and Durgor: In Poetry j Qpultio, Schiller and Klopstock ; Iln History and AiUlqlmioH; Niubuhr, Hurler,Use* ron; and tho brothers Sohlcgvt: And,that model of travellers, Bqron.liumboldt: . With a.host of authors, la* bore equal thoso of Franco combined, all vlMdi.oato.hor title'to and gritlludo o! J mankind. ' s \L at^ooperannbm; Shealso from remote periods.of.antiquity,by her., conquests and emigration»scaUcrod far and wide the Sv'eds.of liberty, and it is equally to Germany, thft Goths, und.lhoi Saaons ofEngr Iqnd, owellio spirit and substance of free institutions' And though Germany dwells at present in apparent iapathy, yet wo have reason to believe that the Intel* ligence of. that Undis sijenlly preparing for a blood less revolution. ThVcmlgranls front not other pounljy slide with more alacrity .and cosc, thlo their duties ds citizens of this republic. • * ’ ’ - '• '■ ' In military exploits, wc hoed look no fqrlher for glory, than-to a people, who in a remote age, extort* , od. the praises of Cces&r, as they have in our own times, those of .Napoleon. ... .. , .. But It la, no Farmers, 1 that we deslnfejtospeak oftlio German population of Pennsylvania; and surely nq man who bus,travelled and observed, can doubt that in the particular line of facmlngt which feems. most congenial ,lo their habits, viz: tho production .of wheat they aio surpassed by. none. It-inay bo re*, marked that they follow this up by their skUl roil- - Icrs, and porscxcringi;to ■ the } end, wo*nod ibeco-. established in our-lbwnS.opid cities* as bakers lb the exclusion of all competition., i • •. * *' Among the many disparaging stories current with, a class who measure all by their own puny standard, was one some yours ago, which attributed to Penn* sylvania a tendency to-Agrorianlsm. An eminent jiirJjL-of-a .neighboring) whoiyclsurvivcs I°®® honor to his country, 1 listened to these ■chargcsyaniy ut length decided to bcconio personally acquainted, with a people.from whom such, evils wero« expected. I met him - on his return from * (our through one or tho richest agricultural district of the State, perfect!// relieved from Ills apprehensions, and amused at brt own Credulity. >f* atrp* said, he; I % X (ear no political danger from o- population with sochi.w.ives- and chil—, dren; with such barns, ywithlho' habits of persevering Industry, peculiar to your Gorman population.’* • ! , •v ,?l "'y' For UiC Qltcntion and lundncss. wilU.'whioh you have this day honored me r yqu will accept my heorty’ thanks.. It is however but-an •aoUitlonul instance of your readiness lo.welcome iciihospliollly and/rewnds* cAo/t, all who with honest views and fair.ilnlcclionj, desire to enlist themselves in the ranks of the Montgomery County Farmers. Charles Langpelp.— We paid a visa to this doom ed man, in his celT, in the County Prison yesterday morning. Ho looks well, ■ The bloom, of health ie • on his check, and his keen eye bright m ever. He has & full flow of spirits,.and buoys himself up with remarkable fortitude, fie ontere famlliarly>inlo con version wbo-aro permitted to see-him—* is conversation quite interesting.* Ho wusSraOTfrtlio boundary *lmo< of .Franco,i«nd* _ says Illinois .not a‘German by-birtit, as has beed stated inlhe papers ol largo throughout the country. His father, had learned several trades, and his mother has been dead some years. In 1841, Lungfeldl ar rived in New Orleans, and since that lime has rest-,- dod ut Si. Louis, Mo., and Memphis, Tenn., At tbq. latter place, he grocery sJLor6,’..bUt finally, resumed sh.Ooviuliar, was chargwf|ljS^BP tcd ofstealing, wrb purchased ul un jwbich ho had obtuined . ' fc£inakliig.hjm iom A bools. This oj a tailor 1 i iinhmmirinmfff ; t '- J a ve»i.cut K df ItT fiVeyords . aird‘'n , Philadelphia, and hot wishing to coat,’ had it died, and then ho look it to n (atfor in Second stfcct, from, whom 119, •*- hnd previously received a pair of an older, given him by Mr. Cnsscls, ot the lime lie lived In Hire panic house oc. cupicd by Mr. Rademucher. when ho was tried ho could not underslurifl Bnglish. the witnesses on tho late, trial swore,.falsely,, .ond complains very much that.a German paper printed in this city has made so many false statements con cerning him, • It.was staled by some of the papers that ho -was branded .on the back of hie nqck galley ITul tho brand, canhol bo. found,. This* ho says, is one of the greatest lies told about him,— Ho says lid believes in u Supremo Being, (0 whom till then arc accountable, and that hereafter the good, of earth will receive their rbword, and the wio)jcd their punishment. Ho docs not appear, the. least daunted as to his fato—ho say# ho Is not'afraid to dfo, but wishes. (o,cal? Wisli his .Innocence, before Ins death. He passes moil of his time in reading and writing. He may buoy himself up with tho hopo of a pardon from tho Governor, but to us, it seerosJiko hoping against hope. There appears to hono.chiin c ®» of cqcnpo for him. »Hl* Jfo now numbered tor fifty-one.— Philadelphia Bulhttn. I Great. Corn Field and Great Countrv.-*-A Ira ' vcllcr vvrilcs to liio Toledo Blade, from, Bio VVaba.h. Valley : “I viewed Bio 1,000 lord'field of corn, JoK Wen Prairie) of Bio Hon, U.-.1-mi«,ioncr mi«,ioncr of fa'l'aiil. ’where tliio year-60,(100, hu.hela will'probably bo ruiaod without .hoeing. .Ifliply, ploughing the corn two or Ihreo time.. I moy aay, Jon, timt i saw 5lO(lO/iomi, nil adjoining. Corn Is ruUed by contract, from 4 to Cconti per bushel, token In llio fluid., Hogs arc raised on plover oats, and corn* and it i« not.unfrpqaenl to with 1,500 ofthesc grunlcro. On Ibo GrandcrairUi no jess limn 10,000 cattle, fr.mn onp to foar.yeat*,. old, were feeding In, different herds, for IhcoatUrn market—one herdsman taking care of two to four hundred, for a compensation of ten cents per head nor month'.— Detroit I'Vee Vrets. The Hiaitsar aWßiioadest Southern A writer In tho ciaiUtiau iVrtcs, In an orl|olfldrgipg the South to support Gon. Taylor, on strictly party ground, says \ m Plot only a political, v *but a vital) soolalj Jind civil necessity urges u» (tho South) U>j*upporl, lor, and wo hiivo ample satisfaction of 111* ■ouhqhbM os to slavery, 1 * , 4 ■ Again— , , .. ; ~ i. . "He Im. il ffom the <in( private nulhorl(y, a. coin., liio from Bio li|ia of Cell. Taylor lilmaelf, Ihl to. Tuylur, io .peaking freely of alavery/.looknlba bigh. oal and broa(io.t Seullicrp ground, end *"Wie wous never give up bid alavea i and wo know ha hover aur randera,"; , . > ■ ‘ ,i' ; The above la Tnyloriim in Bio South, where,,llia Gen. live, .nil la known. T.yleri.ni In Bie North ta nuite a different thing. . * I . A *.«!!• More flrnpo. , , Uoro'u another gun (tom Now England—» ,|llllo more old nnd comfort for our Fedot >1 (tlopda in till*, ■eollon. Il 1$ a resolution,adopted by the federalist* of Nallok, Mum.; nnd exhibit* that grpa), glor\ou», tremondon* linrmony ol which )l>eir paper* boaali . Jtesilbed, Tbnl wo, the Whig* of Natick,',arc not no for degraded on lo glvo the lie to ell out pent pro* fu»ione, to aoUuowlodgo oureolve* knave*, hypncrit*, slave* nnd fool*, fur-tho **ko oCn whig victory t end ■wo do therefore repudiate the narnlcntlon orZacneiy Taylor, end will do our dtmoit to defeat hi* election; (O’Lord Byron nnyn: " There in no man howev er IhloUlhoodod. on honttloni, whowohlJ nutamill Under the knowledge that hold up to ridicule In even fifty eoplonof n nownptipot j there In hewe*.. or, noono but a vhry lliln-nhlnncd fool,' wh() would, an the phrneo goes, nlop o paper because it doe* not, chime In with hi* notion*.or lieonu»oit attacked him.. Whatever fojhle I may have, 1 am not guilty of tin* mleetahlo foolery." • Dow, Jr., «uy*, very truly, that tier**/• Aonin. ny bo wholly dry n drop or yin of llio honey of Information may ■omel'lmca bfcntffcw od, from him." A Gt». Txrbon CiiicgitN,—A ohlokeA with-1«4 f«ew is exhibiting >1 tfeW Orlsami ‘ t t* • i ". ! "' ( flo.ii >'J. 'vli ,u 'j,b
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers