Amniam 131 lUiluutccr.
by JOHN B. BRATTON.
VOL. -34.
THE AMERICAN VOLUNTEER,
(. published every Thursday, at Carlisle, Pa., by JOUty B
nKATI'ON, upon the following conditions, which will be
jlgidly adhered to*
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ibe year, or for three or six months.
office of the Jfmeriean Fotmnteer tain the tec-
Mid story of James H. Graham's now stone building, In South
TlsnoVer street, a (few doors from'Burkholdcr’s hotel, and dl
rcctly opposite the Post-office, where those having busiress
will please call. • -i"
the volunteer.
John B* Bratton, Editor nnd Proprietor*
OARbISbD, THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 18*8*
AGENCY*
ff>V. B. PALMER. Esq. is our authorized Agent for pro
'i nß advertisements.receiving subscriptions and making
collections for Ibe American Volunteer, at hi office, N. W.
corner of Tnlrd and Chesaut streets, Philadelphia.
Kzxrs Independent.—A recent letter from Gener
al Taylor to a Committee in Alabama, who had ad
dressed him on the subject oflhe Presidency, has the
following emphatic sentence;’
••I shall offer no active opposition to the use of
my name in connexion with this responsible office,
as long as they continue to use it thus independent
of parly distinctions.*’
A Good Sentiment.— When the French ministry
fled, ono M. Herbert, was rccognixed by a groug of
citizens, but he got through the. crowd without Vny
Injury.. “ Let him go,” said a young advocate of the
people —“ the higher the people rise, the more they
respect.their fallen enemies.” . People who entertain
each noble sentiments. exhibit the best proof that
(hey are prepared for governing Ihcmselves/and able
(it do SO.
fljThe Ohio Statesman.very'happilyrcmsrVsj M
Guizot, the deposed minister of the dethroned King,
is the some Guizot ‘that graviUpifiwjrted, a year or
two since, that it was necessjtj&r the great powers
of Europe to hold the “balance of power” on the
American continent. In losing ** power,” he may
thank his stars that he did not lose his own “balance”
by losing his head.
Alcohol prom Tomatoes.— At Norfolk & company
has been formed to distil alcohol from tomatoes*
The plan has been tested/
It docs not follow that because a gentleman is e
member ofCongrcss be is necessarily s-jptn of rare
acquirements and extensive information.
. Phil*. Timet..
That's s fact. The memborftorfTlhi* district,
(Cumberland, Perry itnd Franklin,) Is it ease In point.
On* ur Til* B*aori*a or AaierocaAov.— lt has
loan aaoctlained by careful elparimcnlin England,
Hint tbrea rabbita, properly culled Inndlord’a vermin,
conaumo aa much food aa one aheap. On one. firm
a tenant teatified that bia landlord'a game bad injur
ed him'fdOO., The rabbita alone injured bia turnip
crop the half of that anm. On thla farm the tenant
waa forbidden to mow bia winter corn, the wheal and
rye, but wo* mulcted to reap it, ao aa to have a
high atubbio to protect the game. And liiia ia but a
aampie from the .nek of ilia the farmer* auffer from
game damage in England.
Wnio Platform. —Near the clone of Mr. Corwin's
afternoon • perch, aaya the Hartford rTimea, ho laid
down the Whig programme for the actlleinenl of our
diOicultlca with Mexico. It waa a plan wortliyoniy
of a traitor. Our govcrnmcnt,.eaid hc,ahould witli
draw its armies from Mexico—otv* or New Mexi
co and California, oak pardon of Mexico for the
wrong* wo have done her, and then wo altall oecu
a position from whicli wb can atari anew, in a jnal
and honorable inlercourao with the world.
Nsw Yon* Fauna*!. LeoiBl*tivs Caucus.—Tho
Federal membero of the Legislature of Now York,
pnared, on the Slh inot., tho following readlulion ex
preasivo of their view* as to tho nominee of the Fed
oral National Convention, by a nearly unanimous
vole; ,
Resolved, That in selecting Delegate* to tho No.
tionni Convention, wo feci'it a right and duty to
eiprcas it aa our opinion that HENRY CLAY ia the
Ml choice of the Whtge of New York, and that they
cun giro and will give to hiin t or to any olhtr rtliublr
IfAig who may bo nominated by thatConvunlion lor
tho Presidency, the 36 Elcolorol voles of tills State.
(Q'Tlio John Donkey says Ihot formerly lha soil,
of the French King wm spoil “throne,”--but since
I tho article was pitched out of the Tuillerlcs* window*
II Is written “thrown. 11 , . ,
03*Tlio Roeftestsr Democrat telle of a man, who
cimo to market to disposb of tits cattlei which natu-
Tilly led to conversation on tho very common theme
tif“hard limes,** « Yci," sold the cattle dealer,
*t(Ui in air of peevishness. M times are hard, and this
h a hard world—and in .my opinion,very few will
feet out of it ali»«. n
Books.— Dow, jr., of tho N. Y. Sunday Mercury,
Mjsinany good things. In.apesklngofbooks,lnone
of his receoent-sermons, ho says—“ As bees gather
honey from flowers,,so may you extract tho sweets
of knowledge from books—sweela that shall afford
both solace and sustonAnco to the soul in the Winter
•f age, when tho friends of former days are few—-
*hen\ho fires of youthful love aro extinguished; and
life’s greasy candle Is about to sputter in the socket.
From books you can gather treasures of whicli none
can rob you; and then you may well Aay with the
“i’recioua treasure, thou art mine/"
CO* There it much trulli in Iho following word* in
6oe of Mr. Alien's ojoquont addresses to Iho Senate i
“One groat truth has been established within tbo
ait forty day*; and I prdnounco.il on 9 of Iho most
Important truths which has been politically establish*
since the foundation of society! and It is this: that
irnied men no longer afford u guaranty to -despotism.
“Uiuling armies can no longer ho icllodon to sustain
nronei; but, on the contrary, mix and mingle with
oppressed multitude, and etc the first to reduce
[ lO,O thrones to ashes. That Is Iho groat truth of
'■Re. It ban just boon established In Franco—*
'•hbllehcd In the presence of a hundred thousand
4 y® t f e ls In tho pay of tho crown.
there aro but two powers in Iho government of
in now In operation—force and public opinion.—
orco has failed in tho heart of Edropo, and tho go*
lh»? n ' c - n ** ,ero must forever rest upon opinion, ond
founded upon the enlightened reason of
HpUtlcjrt.
Fr6m the’-Democratic Union.
■ THE BANK VETO* ■
Wo InvUo the. attention of our readers to the sound
and statesmanlike views of Governor Shank, contain
ed in his yelo message returning to the Houses in
which they originated, the four Bank .bills passed by
the Legislature which-has juatndjourned. Bank re
strictions has been an article in the Democratic creed
several years past, but owing to a variety ofcou- I
•es it has not been made os operative as it should
have been. In 1845, something vitas gained on this
Bubject by lliO- partial IndlviduaL Lability provision
engrafted bn the charter of the Western. Bank of
Philadelphia, and made (0 apply to all charters grant
ed subsequently. The llmu has-arrived, however,
when public sentiment demands still more stringent
and operative restrictions; and. the Governor will
receive (ho thanks of the Democracy of (ho State, for
presenting the question to the public in such shape
that the people will have q more full opportunity'of
discussing the subject, and instructing those who arc
hereafter to represent them in our legislative Halts,
in regard to the'kind of guards and checks to be
thrown qrbund all banks.that may hereafter receive
charters front this Commonwealth. Certain restric
tions are, specified in the message as necessary to bo
engrafted, on Bank charters to insure the'signature
ot the Executive. These restrictions are of so nnn
sonablo a character that they coHainly roust meet
the approbation of the groat mass of the people of this
Commonwealth, and we trusts the Democracy may
take such action on this subject, in their primary
meetings throughout the Stale, as will induce their
representatives to support them in good faith, We
believe the people hare long been in advance oflhcir
representatives on this subject, end we think we will
be sustained in this belief by their action hereafter.
Crude,undigested and impracticable provisions should
root bo proposed, os they tiro only calculated to defeat
the great objects which those desirous of effecting
Bank reforms have at heart; but well matured, judU
cions and salutary restrictions should bo adhered to,
as of the most vital importance to the Democracy of
the Slate and nation.
GOVERNOR SKUNK'S BANK VETO.
To the iSenale and House of Rrpreseniatives:
Gentlemen:— The bill entitled “An act to extend
tho charter of the Bank of Chambcrstrurg,” has been
presented for my approval. -
The charter of this bank will expiie by its own
limitation on the first Wednesday of May, 1850, and
(lie present bill proposes to. extend it for a further pe
riod of ton years from that date. \ Tho bills to extend
the.charters of the Farmers’ and Drovers* Bunk of
Waynesburg, (be Columbia Bank and Bridge com
pany, *and ihb Farmers 1 .'arid Mechanics* Bank.,of
Philadelphia, are also, me.. The charters of
these Institutions w*!).expire by. their limitations in
May .and., November, I$4U, ami it .to ( c* T
tend-each of thorn for ten years from’the tlmo. of
their expiration. .
.Tito'importance and responsibility. of giving or
withholding my sanction to the renewal of the char
ters of those institutions as well as others of a similar
character, which may bo presented during the present
session, has induced me to bestow upon the subject
my most serious consideration.
' Th? great injuries which have been inflicted upon
tho whole people, hut more especially upon tliyso who
are entirely dependent upon their daily wages for the
subsistence and.comforts ofthemselvcs and families,
by the failure of banks-and the depreciation of bank
paper, demand at the hands of those entrusted with
the power of legislation on the subject, the utmost
caution and deliberation, before they extend a system
which has, In so many instances proved itself vicious
and deceptive, sad ruinous to the laboring and pro*
ducing portions of tho people. •
In the annual message, presented to the General
Assembly at the commencement of the present ses
sion, I tbok the occasion to present the following
views bn tho subject:
“Nothing can contribute so much to Uio maintc
nance of our present prosperity, as a sound currency.
Pennsylvania is rich in Deductions of almost every
description required by llic’wants of mankind; and
nothing is necessary' to mtiko her people tho most
indupcndeiil-in the world, but a proper regard fur her
true interests. To odvanco these, she must not be
seduced from her devotion to sound principles, by the
artificial contrivances of false economists, whoso scl
Hsli theories are as delusive as they aro destructive
of the public good.
“Tho present Is b most propitious period, when
there is an abundance of gold and silver in the coun
try, to moke a determined effort to increase its cir
culation, and secure to tho people the currency
which the framers of the Constitution of tho United
Slates provided. Instead of creating now banks, or
increasing the capital of old ones, our efforts should
ho directed, to secure the solvency of those which nl
- exist, and 'thereby render their circulation
sound and reliable.
“Impressed wit)) tho force of these considerations,
1 am convinced that the increase of the bunking
capital of tho Suite, would bo unwise and
and 1 respectfully recommend that before any one of
the existing banks is rccharlorod,,a searching scru.
liny be instituted into its. affairs, its management, its
credit, and its meads; and If It bo Aland that the,
notes huvo been suffered to deprecate that the ac
commodations have boon bestowed upon favorites and
hrgo speculators, and ‘ dealers ia> money, instead of
being diffused among moderate and safe customers?
that the issues .have at one periodencouraged specu
lations by their excess, and at another oppressed
honest industry by their, contraction; in short, that
tho legitimate objects for which the privileges were
granted, have not been 6y foir, faithful,‘and judicious
management accomplished, then tho obarlet should,
be suffered to. expire by its own limltoliqn. The
dlscontinuoncc of such Institutions will promote the
nubile good, and will bo hailed with approbation by
all but those who have, for private gain, wrested them
from the purfose for which they, wme, established.
“This policy so just towards tho public, while it
mtv lo a moderate extent, diminish tho present
amount of bonking capital, will strengthen public
confidence in tho other banks, and odd to the stnbili
tv and sodndness of tho currency. And aa it may.
alio, moraaa* lb* profil. of .Alallnff,banka,
juat oomponaalion lo tho aWolioldtn for.tlioir in
treatment?, and ne thiaoxcoaa of gain’ie derived (mm
tho apodal privilege* conferred upon them by ibn
Legielature.:! recommend, that tho lax impoaod by
tho oolof tho Jet April, 1835, upon dividend, exceed
log oix per cent per annum, bo increased. While
llie inducement to exdeaalvo banking will bo rooaon
ably oliookotl, by tho inoroaao of llila lax, the financeo
of the Stale may bo, to aomo extent, improved, and
the public welfare promoted. The policy indicated
will lead to tho rigid execution of tho law, prohibiting
the oiroulolion of foreign nolea, under ilia donomina
tian of five dollars, oe soon oe tho balance of tho roltel
laauea 1. oaneelieJ. Tbl. will hi a pnallivo advance
in the Improvement of the currency, which should
be then followed by a law prohibiting the circulation
of all notes, below the denomination nf ten dollars.
Tho channels of circulation will then bo flilcd with
an abundance of gold and silver, tho public scoured
ngAiust the chances of loss by broken brinks, oi>d »
depredated currencyand tho wny will bq opened to
such ftirlhor Improvements, as tho roablnlercsli on.d
convenience of the pbdplo may demand; * >
« Tho cautionary enactments I have
finnot lyj io increase, rather than diminish, the
ampuot of a sound circulating inodiqm.
I "the public confidonco. The cflool will bMobrmgl
bo specie of the country into active circulation lo |
“our COUNTRY—MAY I£AL\VAYB DC RIGHT—-BUT RIGHT OA ; WRONG, OUR CdUNTRY.”
CARLISLE, PA-, THURSDAY, 2O, 1848
furnish the people with a substantial currency, that
.panpot bo impaired by bank failures, and to restrain
the tendency of the banks to foster extravagance, in
time of prosperity, and check the means of oppress
ion in time of adversity. • . ,|
“A theory has boon advanced and put. into prac-j
lice, in some of the States, called free banking. It
is based, in part, upon specie, end in part upon Slate
stocks, hypothecated with the government! In other
Words, banks become the, creditors of the Common*
wealth,by purchasing her bonds; those are deposited
with the government, and the government endorses
| and. returns to the bankers, notes prepared Tor circu
lalion to an equal amount. I can perceive no grounds
for confidence in this system.. It must explode; in a
country whore, it is adopted to any considerable ox
lent, whenever a revulsion ocfclira to' test its stability,
for It is a deviation from true principles. Sound and
safb -banking can only be' based and conducted on
money, gold a'nd silver. Neither individuals nor'
bank can lend that which they have not; and If they <
lend credit in the shape of bank notes,-without the ]
means to redeem them in gold and silver, they com
mit afraud upon the community, as they lend, and
put ih circulation, that which is not money nor the 1
representative of - money.' . I
"If this system of converting Slate stock into
banking capital,and hypothecating it as : n security
for the payment of bank issues, wbre hot a delusion,
niortoges upon real estate, might be used for the
sUme purpose, which would affordun equal, if not a
bettor security, for the payment of thu notes, and by
this process, the Whole value bfllie rcal esUtc of the
J country, might bo converted info banking capital,
I and (he •‘people into a nation of bankers.- ThU pro.
! position shows, that the whole scheme Is illusory and
unsound. Free banking, in its legitimate sense, is
I tlio right which every man enjoys fu lend his own
money to whom he pleases. It Is the exchange of
1 money fot securities, to repay with interest. It in
volves no fictitious increase of the ciiculation, but
may be curried on toon indefinite extent without
affecting thu currency. This is the free, banking,
which has at all times supplied, and does nOw-suppty,
the wants of a large proportion of borrowers, and
commends itself la general confidence and approval
by its simplicity and adaptation to the circumstances
of the people.”
In recommending “ihiiHScforc any one of the ex.-
isling banks is rcchurlcred, a searching scrutiny be
instituted into its affairs, its management, its credit
and its means, and if it bo found that the notes have
been suffered to depreciate, that the accommodations
have been bestowed upon, favorite? and large specu
lators anddoalera In money, instead ofboing diffused
among moderate and safe customers—that the issues
have at one period encouraged speculation by their
excess, and at another oppressed honest ihdustry by
their contrbclton>~in short, that the legitimate objects
for which the privileges wore granted, have not been
by . fair, faithful and judicious management accam*
pushed, then the charter should be suffered to expire
by its own limitation,” 1 intended that the investi
gation should be rigid and thorough, and that the
charters should not be renewed as u mere matter of
course without examination,ns has generally been the
case heretofore. The lime for the mysterious tfccrecy
which has so long shrouded (he transactions of ban k*
Ing institutions, has gone by. When they apply to
the -Legislature for a: renewal of privileges, they
should come with clean hands, and ought to be re
quired to give the ‘most- satisfactory, evidence of Ihe
character of their discounts, and tlifa natujq.npd value
of aIL their assets, and of (heir faithfulness In the ex',
ecullon of the trust confided iq them... .It is only by
requiring such testimony, that a reliable.opinion can
bo formed, ns to their solvency, and their title to per
fect confidence. ... *
- In retard to' the bill immediately before me, an
well an (no other* referred to, *o far aslam informed,
no such investigation ha* taken place, or indeed any
other, beyond the 'examination of their quarterly
statements, and the representations of those immedi
atoly interested. These statements, it is well known,
furnish little information, which can bo relied on, as
satisfactory, in regard to tho solvency of the institu
tions. It is only by a rigid inquiry Into the character
of the notes and bills discounted, and of all the assets,
that any valuable and practlool result can bo attained.
In withholding my approbation from the bill under
consideration, as well as (ho plhors to which I have
referred, I do not mean to intimate (ho most remote
suspicion in regard to their solvency' or management.
So far os t know, they - arc os sound as any other
banks In the Statu, and may have bcon as well con
ducted. Indeed, some of thorn sustain ns fair a iep
ulalion as any in the Stale, but the time has arrived
when the public interests demand that no bank should
be rechartered, without tho most thorough scrutiny
into and management; and it was only
on'conditlon of such nn investigation being first had,
that 1 expressed a willingness to give my assent to
tho ruchurtcr of any bank. In ci eating,or renewing
institutions, which oro to furnish' tho circulating
medium of the Stale, and which every man in bust
ness is compelled,' from the habits and customs of
the country* to receive as money, nothing should be
taken for granted,or Juft in doubt, which issuccptlble
ofsalisfuclory proof. By pursuing tho course indi
cated, those institutions which aro unsound will be
delected and exposed, and the communily may be
protected against' fraud and imposition, while those
that aro sound, and honestly conducted, will receive
tho confidence they merit.
As none of the charters of the institutions which
arc now before mo for a renewal of their'privileges,
will expire before the Ist of May, 1849,1 cannot
perceive that they will suffer any malctlul detriment,
I or that tho public interests con bo jeoparded by tho
> postponement of their applications for another year.
* I am tho more persuaded that this is tho true course
from tho fact, that l ap fully satisfied there are ma
ny valuable provisions'which ought to be engrafted
upon ovory bank charter In the Stale, in order to pro
tect tho interests of bona fide stockholders, and to
secure the people IVoin a recurrence of the evils which
’ have heretofore resulted from the defects of the pro*
sent system- Much has already , been,done. The
principle of Individual liability , vyhlcb was for a long
timo pertinaciously resisted, as destructive of the
whole system, has been established! and is now re
ceived with favor, not only by tho people at largo,
but by many of the most enlightened bankers in the
country. It is true, the application of the principle
may not yet bo perfect, but that Us Introduction,oven
in its modified form, will have a salutary influence,
by. producing more caution and care on the part of
stockholder* its rogard-to the management of llio
banks* a* well a* by affording q bettor ultimata so
ourioty to theif creditor*, will hot bo denied..
Having attained this point, it is our duty to pro
gross with tho ndvancoofonUgliCenod public opinion,
and to provide such other reasonable end wholesome
restrictions, as Lho public interests require, and us
Jhe public sentiment demands. Among tho furlh®* 1
restrictions which have occurred to mo as practicable
and propor. arc the following:
Ist. One restricting the amoQnt’of Issue* to a loss
proportion to their capital. They are now general
iy authorised to, Issue throe lime*.tho. amount of
their capital. This is 100 much, end ought to bo re
dueed. It is ’the main cause of those fatal expan
sions, and contractions, which have heretofore proved
so destructive to the best interests of the country.
The amount of debts they are permitted to con
tract, ought also (b bo reduced, so as to restrain
their operations at all times within reasonable and
Safe limits. Si
9d, The bonk* of the State ought all to bo roqwr*
od to keep their notes at parln the oily of Philadoh
phln. It Is the products of llio country which sre
sent to tho eastern markets, that form tho legitimate
bails of bank discounts In.tho. country and as the
country, banks haVe the benefit of the Country circu
lation, and the advantage of discounting the bills
and drafts bp the eastern oitlei. wlioro they receive
par funds in payment, it is asking but s small return
for the fevora conferred upon thorn, that they should
beep tholr'papof at par/ This would put an end te a
system of brokerage and speculation, which Indirect
ly robs the people of tho Interior of many, thousands
of dollars, annually. « •
3d.'Banks , ought to bo treated as public mililu-,
lion*, because they furnish the currency of the State, i
anU effect the pecuniary interests of tho people more
than any other institutions of tho country. Thedi-
rectors ought t0.:bO; placed under oath} and sworn to Ay A ® HI N G TON»a I«AST VOTE* , t
observe tho profrlatons of the charters, aHd any wif I. " m y incident in tho life of Washington is Hill of
ful violation of them, ought to be made . perjury.— “Jloresl. That plain heroic magnitude of mind which
Tiie whole proceedings of the banks should at all 1 him above all other men was evident
times be open fo-'the inspection of any reasonable ! u I' l * “ctions. Patriotism, chastened by.sound
number of the sldcksholders, to o committee, of the ipdg mcn t and careful thought, prompted all his pub-
Legislature, and*to any officer of the State dulyau- C ftCla * ond wm Samples' for the study and
thurized. i-\ ’ guidance of mankind.- It has been said that no one
4th. A follurjs to redeem theli* notes on demand, ih Can havo lh « goriest interview, with a. truly groat
specie, ought, Ibllself, to bo an absolute forfeiture of msOitWithoul being made sensible of his superiority,
their charlerf&oepl as to winding up their concerns* 9^°° many,.who haVcapme way earned the title of
and for any adldone as a bonk after nueli failure.the B reat * lWi is b X no ,ncan * true. ? li applicability to
fact ought to b* allowed lo be \t\iefr in'evidence as a tl,e character of Washington it verified in the follow-l
1 bar to ld rclation to any banking operation, i in * Interesting circumstance related by a correspond
subsequent lb*uch failure. I eat of the Charlttton Courier;
slh. Aftci*Ji lapse of a few years, they ought not to { “ I was present,*’ says; this correspondent, “ when
be permitted tbiissuo paper of & denomination below Gen. Washington gave his last vote., h was in the
ten dollars. ’ ’ t J spring of 1791), in the town of Alexandria. Ho died
These are M»rao oFtho most prontinent provisions,
which oughtf in my opinion, to bo engrafted on our
banking system, and applied to every bank in the
State f .and. Tjpppnot perceive any time so favorable
for their adoption, as when the bunks are asking an
extension ofTiicir charters. *
• No extreme measures towards the banks, that ate
calculated to disturb or derange the business inbits
of the are desirables but the people have
a right toe xpoft from every public functionary, who
has it in his pityor to contribute Jn any ,degree to
the correction;of the evils of a system, which has
heretofore bcejl productive of so much mischief, his
best cxcrtionii to prevent the recurrence of these evils.
views I have expressed, and the
belief that lnjury can bo sustained by delay, I
, have come tolHe conclusion at present to withhold I
my assent to yiCso bills. Oy the postponement, the
banks will hone'time to prepare and exhibit aalisfac.
lory proofof their condition and management, which
is not now hefbrb mo, and some well digested amend
ments to life System, calculated still further to miti
gate ifnot e^d.i° its defects, may bo matuicd.
For these,reasons, I havu directed the bill to be
returned without my approbation to the Senate in
which It originated,
Executive Chamber, .J
7, 1148. {
AN ADDRESS BY HENRY CKiAY.
HU aum« •admitted to * National Convention!
Cincinnati, April 12,1846,
Henry. Clay: Ims given publicity to tbo'followlng
Address, auttypnxlng his name to be presented to the
Whig National Convention.
r TO THE-PUBLIC.
i The various and conflicting; reports which have '
been in circulation in regard to my intentions with 1
respect to Uib next presidency, appear (o mo (ofur* ;
nish a proper occasion lor a lull, Crank and explicit '
exposition of-my feelings, wishes and viows upon the
subject. Tills it is now proper to make. With a
strong disinclination to Hie use of my name again in
connection vfith that olßce, 1 left 1 my residence in
December lash under a determination to announce to
tbe public iatsomo suitable form my desire not to be
thought of aVa candidate. During nJy absence I
frequently expressed to different-gentlemen my un.
willingness again in that attitude; but though
no one wes thXborizcd.lo publish my decision one
Way orHho-gffrfV, having-rcxmcd, the'righl to do so
exclusively to<jrnys(df, I thought il'was
due' to my friendd to consult with (hem. before I took
a 'decisive and 'final step. ■ V . "
• Accordingly, within the course of the .last three
months, 1 have had opportunity of conferring fully
and freely with them. Many, of them have address*
od to mo the strongest appeals, und the most earnest
entreaties, both verbally imd written, to dissuade mo
from executing my Intended purpose.
They represented to mo that the withdrawal of my
name would bo fatal to the success, and perhaps lead
to the "dissolution of tho party with which I have
been associated, and especially In tho fres States; (hat
at no former period did thcru ever'exist to great a
probability of my election if I would consent to the
use nf my nutuc;.lhat the grout States of Now York
and Ohio would In all probability cast (heir vote for
mo, that New York would more certainly bestow
her suffrage upon mo than upon any other candidate,
and that Ohio .would give her vote to no candidate
residing m the slave stales but to me; that there is a
better prospect than has heretofore at any time ex
isted; that Pennsylvania would unite with them; that
no candidate can bo elected without the concurrence
oftwo of these three Slates; und none could be de
feated upon whom ull of these should be united; that
great numbers oPour fellow citizens, both of native
and foreign birth, who were deceived, and therefore
voted against mo at tho last election, are now eager
for an opportunity of bestowing .their suffrages upon
me, and that while there is a strong and decided pre
ference fur mo entertained by tho great body of the
Whig party throughout tho United Stales, they (the
friend* to whom I refer) at tho same time are con
vinced that I am more available-then any candidate
that could be presented for the American people, 1
do not pretend to vouch far tho accuracy of all these
representations, although I do not entertain a doubt
that they have been honestly made, and are sincerely
believed, s
It has been, moreover, urged lo mo tliat lhe groat
obligations under which I have been hitherto placed
by a large pprtlon of tho people of the United States,
the full force of which no one can bo more sensible
1 of than I am, demand that 1 should not withhold the
' uto of my name if It should bo requested And I
have been reminded of frequent declarations which
1 I have made, lliut whilst lifcuml health remain,n msn
’ is bound to render his best‘services upon (ho call of
his country.
Since my return home, 1 have anxiously delibera
ted upon my duty to myself to my principles, to my
friends, and above all to my country. The conflict
botweoji my Unaffected desire to continue in private
lifu, as most congenial with my feelings oml condi*
lion, and my wish faithfully to perform oil my pub
lib duties, has been painful and embarrassing, if I
refuse the use of my name und those injurious con
sequences should ensue which have been so confi
dently predicted by frion's, I should justly incur
their reproaches, and the reproaches of my own
heart; and if, on the contrary, I should assent lotlio
use of my name, whatever tho result may bo, I shall
escape both.
i have therefore finally decided to leave lo tho Na
tional Convention, which is lo assemble In Juno, the
consideration of my name, in connection with such
others as may bo presented lo it, to make a selection
of a suitable candidate for President of (ho United
Stales, and whatever may bo the issue of Us fair and
full deliberations, it will meet with my prompt and
cheerful acquiescence..
It will bo seen firom what I have staled, that there
was reason to anticipate that I would decline giving
my consent to the uso of my name .again as a can
didate for the Presidency of tho United States.
Owing perhaps to this, as well us other causes ma
ny nf my friends end follow citizens have avowed a
preference for, npd directed their attention to tho dis
tinguished names of other oiliiens of the United
Stales. I lake pleasure In truly declaring that I
have’no regret* to expreas, no complaints, no re
proaches lo make oh account of any snob proferen* j
ces, which I am fully persuaded, are generally found- (
od on honest and patriotic conviction*.^
Ashland, Iflth April, 18'ifl. J
abvbiuonois AGE.
Itow beautiful it Is to wo tho yimng*rcveronceold
Wo never ado a little boy bowingroapoctfully
lo ,n aged man in llio .treot, bnlwfool .urn be f.
. boy. Reverence l»,el way, duo .god pooplo.
Good n.lnfo, end 0 proper education, .ay to llio young,
V.voroncoVd ago.' Groy lu. ra .rocrown, ofglory.
when found in llio way of nglitoouanoai. Jbe
prompting, of our kindly nature touch u, to rc.poot
Iho .g.d, lo rlmi up bolero tho bo.ry lioad. . Boya,
never bo ,nucy or inaolenl to Iheao older, than your*
I self. *
the llth December following. The Court House o)
Fairfax oonnty was then over tho market house, and
immediately fronting Gadsby'a tavcrir. The entrance
into U was by a slight flight of crazy steps on the
outside. The election' was programing—several
thousands of persons In tho court house yard and
j immediate neighboring.streets; and I was standing
on Godsby's slops when the Father of his country
drove up,and.immediatcly approached the courthouse
steps; and when] within a yard or two of (hem, 1 saiv
eight or ten soodlookipg men, from,diffcrcnl dircc-'
tions, certainly without the least concert, spring slpa
ultaneously, and .place themselves in positions to up
liqld and support the steps should they full In the
General's ascent of them. I was immediately at his
back, and in that position entered .the.conrt house
with Mm—followed in his wuke through a dense
crowd to tho polls—heard him vole—returned with
him to tho outward crowd—beard him cheered by
more, than two thousand persons as he entered hfs
carriage—and saw his departure.
“There were five or six candidates' on tho bench
sitting; and as.the General.approncjicd thcip, they
arose in a body and bowed smilingly the salu
tation having'been'returned very gracefully, the Ge
neral immediately cast his eyes towards the registry
of the polls, when Col. Denealc, (I think it wan) said,
'Well, General, how da you vote V The General
looked at the candidates, and said, 'Gentlemen, I
vote for measures, hot for men; 1 and turning to the
recording table, audily pronounced his vole—saiV U
[ entered—made'a graceful how, and retired.*'
FRS. H. SKUNK.
Educated Mlud Is a Natlou** ’Wealth. (
When we witness the mighty achievements of art, (
the locomotive, taking up its burden of a hundred j
tons, and'transporting it for hundreds of miles be
tween the rising and the setting sun; the steamboat
cleaving its rapid way, triumphant over wind and
tide; tho power-loom yielding products of greater i
richness and abundance in a single day, than all the i
inhabitants ofTyreoould have manufactured in years, I
tho printing press, whicl),could have replaced the (
Alexandria library within a week after it was burnt; I
the lightning, not'ohly domesticated in the laborato- i
rics ortho useful arls; but employed a messenger be- i
tween diatom cities; and galleries of beautiful pain- I
ting, quickened into life by tho sunbeams—when wc t
see all these marvels of power sod of celerity, wc are i
prone to conclude that It is to them wo nro indebted i
for the increase of our wealth and for., the progress
of our sociely. But were there any Statistics to show
the aggregate value of all the tiirlffy qnd painful
liVbilsof the people at,Urge riba greater productive
fless oi the educated thnVt of the bfdTifiifl'rafior f tfio
increased power of the' intelligent han4''STfd ; -the
broader survey of tho intelligent eye—could-wjl.jide
a larger account of the profits which come fiom fore
thought, order und system as they preside over all
onr farms, in ull our workshops, and emphatically In
nil tho labors of our households; we should then
know how rapidly their gathered units swell into
millions. Tho skill that strikes the null's'head, in
stood of the finger's ends; tho care that mends a
fence and save a corn field, that drives a horse shoe
nail secure both rider and horso; that extinguishes
a light and. saves a house; the prudence thal cuts
a coal according to the cloth; that lays by something
for a rainy day, and thot postpones marriage until
reasonably sure of a livelihood; the forethought that
sees tho end f>om the.beginning, and reaches it by
tho direct route of an hour instead of the circuilos
gropihgsof a day; the exact remembrance impressed
upon childhood lo do the errands as it was bidden;
and, more than ad, the economy of virtue over vice;
ofrcstrolncd over pampered desires—these things arc
arc not sot down in the works on Political Economy :
but they havo far more lo do with the wealth of no-,
lions, than any laws which aim to regulate the bal
ance of trade, or any speculations on capital art. —
The vast variety of ways In which ,nn intelligent,
people surpasses stupid one,«nd an exemplary people
an immoral one, has infinitely more to do with the
well-being of a nation, than soil, or climate, or even
than government Itself, excepting so far n* govern
ment may prove to be (ho patron of intelligence and
virtue.— Horace Mann .
His wealth is literally beyond calculation, enor
mous; for it Is Impossible to give true ideas of the
value of his multifarious resources. Forty millions
of dollars would scarcely cover tho worth of his real
and personal properly. Stephen Girard’s citato was
compared with Aster's, but was always far below it.
At (ho Ume of the former's death, John Jacob asked:
How much did he leave?"
“ Seventeen millions," was the reply.
“That won't do," said the survivor—'“that won't
do.” ,
- Since Girard's death, Atlor's wealth has nearly
doubled. Three summers ago, ho made, in the profits
of ceMuli) purchases of res) estate within (he city
limits, for rporo than sixty days consecutively, 640,-
000 a day. -
The old millionaire was reported to bo mean: ho
was not so: ho was merely particular.' He gsVe
freely; he was must bounteous in his private chart,
tics. To his countrymen, the Germans, he was ever
munificently kind. It is not lo bo dunied that his
ancient habits clung to him—habits of saving, a dis
like to pay oui his money. Tuko a true anecdote os
illustrative r>f thisi
Among llio subscriber* to Audubon's magnificent
work on Ornithology, the subscription price of which
was $lOOO a copy, appeared the uuino of John Jacob
A*(or. During the progress of the work, the prose,
cution of which was exceedingly expensive, Mr,
Audubon of course called upon sevursl of bis subvert,
bers for payments. Itso happened that Mr. Astor—
probably that bo might not bo troubled about small
matters—was not applied to before the delivery of all
the letter press ond plates. Then Mr. Audubon asked
for his thousand dollars; bulb© was pul,off on one
excuse and another. .....I
“All, Mr. Audubon,” would the owner of millions
observe, a you come In a bod lime} money is very
scarce; I have nothing m bank j I have invested ail
AUonglh, Tor llio ■lull. Umo. Mr. Audubon died
umm Mr*Allot for 111. Hum.and dollar,. A. lie waa
u.horod into hi. proaonco ha found William B. Ailor,
“ho .on; convoralnjf will. hi. father. No .oooor did
(ho rich man mo Iho nun of arl, than ho bomm-r-
I » Ah. Mr. Audubon, ao you lu»o oo.no again .nor
yourmonoyj hard llmo., Mr. Audubon,money .caVce)
but lual tlion oololiing an Inquiring look from hia
,00. lib changed hla lonoi >' liowevor, Mr. Audubon,
1 auunoao wo limit oonlilvo to lot you horo aomo of
yo7mono,.if poaalbla.’V '•William."
calling in his son, who hacf on orfjorning
parlor, “ have wo any money at all ■ in the bank 7 •
» Yes, father I replied William 8., supposing that
ho asked nn earnest question, pertinent tu what they
had boon talking üboul when Iho ornllhoJigisroomc
In “wo Imvo two hundred and twenty thousand dot.
Inrs In the bank of Now York, seventy thousand in I
the City Bank, ninety, thousand in iho Merchants*, |
ninety-eight thousand four hundredlnlho Mechanic#’,*
clahty*tl»rco thousand— - I
, ..That’ll do,-that’ll do,” exclaimed John Jacob,
I interrupting him, “it seems that WltUsm can give
1 you a check for your money,”
j®Kj«cUnneouB.
Anecdote of Jbhu. Jacob Astor*
oo per annum.
NO. 45
Effect* of Calt|ration«N«w fruits, prMMVf
uid Oralu may b« EipecUtl
' Remarks have already been made to encoutafcf
experiment with the common. b-’aciUrry*-- selecting
the largest and best to begin With} and arguing that
a delicious fruit-may be expected to be produced, freak
ihe fact that the apple, thq plumb, and some of ou;-
best grapes, have come by art, and perseverance In
cultivation, from, the rudest and roost distasteful orU
ginals. Providence seems, in fact, to have kindly
ordered that it-ahotild bo so, to keep 00c mfnjd* in'
wholesome exercise under.the double influence of
| want end of hope. Had all things been given Uns
in abundance, and in a perfect state, we sbonld.havq
had nothing to do; and who docs not know, that for
idle people, Satan is sure to find employmentT 1
Ait to the effects of cultivation, Button asserts they
wheat is a factitious grain, and that there is scarcely
a vegetable, whatever its present character, on our
farms, that enn be found growing naturally in its
improved condition. Rye,rice,barley,and
cannot be found; that is to say, growing naturally,
in any part of the world,.Uke the cultivated grain.— ;
All hove been modified by the industry and skill of
mait from their originals, and ao much 10 as.forbid’
our recognizing them, it ws have sue*,,
ccedcd in obtaining the fine mealy murpAy, on which,
four millions of poor Irish people have hfeen living
exclusively, and in failure of which they are-Dow
starving .by hundreds and thousands. The origin of
Iho.lrish potato was a small biller South American
root—taken, some say by one, some by another, to
Europe—some say by.Sir.Waller Raleigh,,which
may be true, but not personally froth Virginia, lot
ha uos never tAere. . •
1, From thußsuseous •ptum gravialevt, wp hsre de<
riwd,by atlful and persevering buUure,’onr delicious
I celery, for which the Dallimoie market la so famous -
—(hanks to the old French Gardners who escaped to
that city frpm the massacre of St. Domingo, not poly,
for that, but for muny other culinary Inxuriei Ilf
great perfection, and for examples nf courtesy and
orderly deportment every where. The d|minuUv*i
eolewort, with its ungrateful flavor and seven leaves,
has been nurtured by thu skill of the. gardher into
the nutritive cabbage of s dozen pounds weight!—'
Wc lately measured one atj§pringfteld,the residents
of George Patterson, near Sykcsville, that was trtorS
than four feet in diameter, as it stood in a large field
ofils peers. A Dutchman would have been regaled
at tjie thought of the quantity of sour Arrant the/,
would make! There ate doubtless many berries slid,
many grasses in our Acids and swamps, that might!
bo nurtured into great excellence. IhFsrmers will
only bond them over to their good wives, apd give,'
them the means of having them tried in llicir gardens,, .
it will be done. . * i ‘ . :
VAI.UK OF a CHILD’S TIME,
1 It is sometimes said that a child*! time is not worth,
much; some even soy-they send their ebildred l&-
. school to.get them nut of the way. But. parents
ten And that they learn some things very yoQng.4r*
Children *• loom to go astray ts; soon as, they sro
born, speaking lies,*'Hint Is, they learn to deteiys*
and ntlcr falsehoods, nt a very early period In theft:
childhood. And >to their joy, too, they sometimes'
And, that, when very, young children have the oppor*
tunily afforded, they lay a broad foundation, for suck ;
a superstructure as makes men hold up their hands ,
and wonder. The mother of Boron Cuvier, } remenK
bqr.lo bsvo.bsard,' have her son recite.iiirLsn''
| tin to her every morning before going to school. sl
though she did not understand s word of it, because,
she had an impression that, on the whole, spring W;as,
•the Uro&'tikßnw the seed. His schoolmates apd, hfi:„.
teacher wondered how it was; that the Ullto baitoft iHwii
.wcys’htd so good s leatohr s'hd France has slUJwoiw| ■
dered how ,Cpv(cr to .bo so great , s roan, the se
cret was ho was schooled upon his mother’s lap. .
A MOTHERS TEARS.
i There is a touching sweetness in s mother's-fears'
I when they fall upon the facaof her bn.be, Which 1
Ino eye can. behold without imbibing Us iuflaonce.Tr:
Upon such, hallowed ground the foot of.profanity,
dares not approach. Infidelity itself is silent, and
forbears its scotfings ; nnd hero woman displays not’
her weakness, bat her strength, it is that strengths#
attachment, which can never, to its full intensity
realized. It is a perennial dcpfcndanLupon no cHinm*-
no changes) buf alike in storm and sunshine, it knows;'
no shadow of turning. A father when ho sees his child
going down to the dark valley, will weep when the,
shadow of death hat fully come over him, and as the*
last parting knell falls on his ear, he may soy »•! go
down to the grave ol my son mourning," J3ul>tTis
hurry of butincta calls him away t the tear lawlbed',
from his eye, and if when he turns from his
(he vacancy in (he family .circle ic»mnd# hlm of hi*,-
loss, the succeeding day blunts thmpoiganeiy 6f tili;
grief, until at length it finds no perihaneey In his
breast, Not so with her who lisa borne and
ed the tender blossom.. It Uvea, in..the heart wherf
it was first entwined, she sees Ilf playful mltlb, or,
hears its plaintive cries; she seeks.it in the morning,
and goes to the grave to weep (here.
A ikort chapter on Pflltenets*,,,,,
It is not polite to exhibit a liuleneatiin'pecuniary;
matters, especially towards those who deal fairly and
generously with you. . •
It is nut polite to break into the contersalion oftolh-;
era abruptly, and glvo an opinion unsolicited. . It is
an evidence, of ill breeding.
It is not polite to enter into personal coijlroversien
and "bar rooni brawls,” particularly when It Is ah
annoyance to others. . ). , *' (
It is not polite to engage in disputes with a black
guard, for lit so doing you put yourself on a level
with him. .* • *
It is not polite (n refuse a favor when you need ilrf
neither is It polite to extend one unless you can dolt
cordially. ‘»; •
It (■,not polite to lavish money,,profusely (n-kelp,’
up appearances, at the expanses of honest creditors.
It smacks a little of .dishonor. -•, •' •
It Is not polite to crowd yourself Into society where
you are, not wanted, it proves that pride has got thei
upper.hand of*reason. • * .j. , • "\\-
It it not polite to call at stores merely to makoex-*
amlnallon of goods wllli no intentlbn of buying. K
Inoka 100 muoh tlko shoplifting. • * '»
It la not polite to crowd into an editors sanctum,
disarrange Hla papers, read hla mamiscrlpls.snd do-,
lain him with Idle conversation. With Ijiro ,*•
money." Wring i.-wo.lnvUo.p«ople to calf'iipon iSJ
bring new subscribers, and lift rllmo.snd We Will
talk just as lung as any one pleases. ■ ' "
IMjilllr J.., I
: Jefloraon, in one of Ida latter*. gi«» Hw following.
I daguerreotype akelch of the reigning king* of Eu
rope, ei nicy appeared In hie day:
I,onie XVI waa a fool of my own knowledge, one),
in deepllo of Iho nnewere mode for Mm on hie trial,.
The king of Spain woe a fool 1 and of Noplea the
■amf. They paeeud tlioir Urea In homing, and de
matched two oonrlere a week one Ihoueaud inilea,
to Jet each other know wlmlgamo they had killed;
Ilia preceding day*. 'J'ho klrigofSardlula watafool.
All there were Boutbone. The Queen of Tortuga), a.
Dragan'an, wae' an idiot by nature, and eo wae .the
king of Denmark. Tlioir eonn.ae Regent*, emolaod
the power of government. The King of Pruaeta, the ■
successor of lire great Frederick, waa a mere hog in
body aa well aa in mind. ■ Htiatavua of Sweden,and,
Joaeph of Annina, were really craay, and. .Geqrgt oft
England waa In.a .There remained,
then none but aid Catharine nf.Ruasia. who had been,
too lately picked up Ip haeo loal hot,common acnarn,
In thiaatate Bonaparte found. Europe, and it waa (flip
slate of its ruler* whibh loal if.,with scarce matriig-i
ole. Those animal* had, become wljhoul mind, I lid.
powctlo**; and an will orory hereditary monaroh 00
alter a few generations, , . . ’
England. - > a--*.
—Tliighl .haek ,of,an earthquake,
waa firK S " h ’ *" d
a'haul.o" Ihpali'l"*'*, : '--i
»