herhand far more than the most sanguine had ever hoped. , ; , - The result of this battle, even will) respect to the actual loss of the vanquished anny,is .unprecedented in the (Uinala of modern war fare. It’exceeded greatly the number of men which their adversary had underarms in the field. . The best informed from uinong the British officers with whom we conversed •when we met during the truce for burying ■ their dead/ computed their loss in the battle, at four thousand men. Our jvholc army at the lines never exceeded that number, and on the morning of the eighth, detachments, rent' to guaru the canal. l > iernaff, to watch the skirts of the woods from the city to the —camp; and : to reinforce-GeuerarMurgan’S command.on the other side of the. river, had reduced it to 3,200 men, ; ' ' ' The American army, bn that day, only , 3,800 strong was attacked by fourteen thou sand veteran troops, trained to war during •the long and.bloody-war of-the Peninsula, together with two thousand sailors and niar vines, behind a breastwork’hastily thrown up, and running almost in a straight line. It repelled theii several assaults, made prison ers of all who entered tlie works, and killed, wounded, and'took prisoners, eight hundred more men than (licit: own number in the bat . tle. -That Englishmen should Wish the mem ory of so'glorious a victory to pass away from the mind of the nation whose aniialsit ennobles, we can easily conceive; but that the madness of party feeling should have at tempted to filch‘from the hero Uf that day fhe fame of his high deed, astoriishesedtem porarics, and will scarcely be believed by posterity. In this hasty sketch, I could not inscribe the names of tjie Valient lieutenants of Jack son. Coffee, the daring,-the- unassuming, the soldier Without fear, anti without re proach, lives-only in history. Adair died' not maby months since, but Carrol lives, faithful to friendship and to principles. I-have not alludcd. to the action fought on the right hank of the riv.cr. It was a distinct ‘ engagement. The enemy, though he succeed ed in driving General Morgan from lines ill choscu and leehly defended,'.failed to obtain the end they hiMLin view-:—to Cause-General Jackson to weaken his forces, by sending reinforcements to his lieutenant. ■ Jackson, born as it were with the genius of ■-war,,did,.not, like his adversary, violate this great maxim of war, "No pas fairc de <te tatchment.a la. veille d’uuc Bulaille.” The .. T.fuw-menJjU.sent.lo-M'oiKan were ill armed ,-v.Wv.'-v-v ry, deprived himself, onHhe Bth of January, 01-twelve hundred excellent soldiers, as well as of the services of one of his best officers.' Jackson, in spite of- that demonstration, knowing that a British General would not place such a river as the Mississippi, (when i twn sco mm added," too, by his adversary,) between his army and his line of. communi cation with his fleet, .remained, quiet and as insensible'to - this initiative of'his antagonist to change the seat of opcfatiqiis. - The .firmness of his 'attitude;-the' indiffer ence with wfitelT be vieweiV llie .show of sub-' cess exhibited on the right bank oflhe Mis sissippi, by the victorious detachment under . the command of .Thornton, tnnvinced Gene ral Lambert that the desigens of his prede cessor had not . worked tlie crid expected, from its execution. Aware of the danger of leaving a corps thus isolated, aiulvulh Such precarious means of transportation as it pos sessed in tlie few boats it had.at sition, this experienced chief, eagerly seizing the advantage of- a dark night, had the troops brought back to their original position Temperance Department. Pledge of the Cumberland Co, Temperance Society. TFc, the undersigned, do agrec,that we will not use intoxicating liquors nor traffic in them as aj/everage; that vie will not pro vide them as ah article of entertainment-, or for persons in’-our employment} and that, in all suitable ways!' we will discouitfehance their use throughout the communityi ■ NOTICE. ■ The Executive ■Committee of the ,Cnn»- bcrlaml County. Temperance -Society, will hold a.meeting at the “Pine School House” in Dickinson township, on the evening of the 27th. ■. M. Caldwell, Ch’n. Feb. 22, 1841, For the Volunteer. ' ADDRESS OK THE EXECUTIVE COM MITTEE TO THE. MEMBERS OF ;THE CUMBERLAND CO.TEM PER -1 ,ANCE : :SOCIETY, IN CARLISLE & VICINITY. We make tills address particularly to those who have by the, i;cpent signature of our pledgejinadc a record (if (heir willingness to co-opera towith us in cari-ying forward the temperance reform;.and We should come fur of expressing our'feelings on (his oc-, -''CasioffrdidrWeriutsaytliatourchUrageniul our zeal’ have-Tieen, greafly^my^spd.^by, pledges have been nearly all returned to us, , with between four, and five .hundred 'signa tures, and, names Too of such a'character, ’ that we.cannot but be cheered by the coun tenance thus given to our labors., ’ Among the signers to our, pledge, wc.find the aged and: the young; the (host respecta ble and. obscure; -the man whose' character has never suffered a blcmish, aud , the man who knows by a painful experience' the truthjof the doctrines we teach. Among them we find-,the name of the .widow, niade —such by f . intemperance;; and,, of Jicr,- whose deepea.t^.whose4oH/y; woes. arijic from. the Same' source; among them ; w6 fimf tl'ic names ofmaiiy young.in.en, and of many a Imsbaiid ,in { the prime of. his; life, wlni vwiilf his , his wife hnye.pledged themselves tpgeiherj . to save themselves ami their .children from the.desolation,' which intcinjrprance,. is. still . .working,in. the society around;,us. . Alid we ,.feel a,peculiar pleasure,,hisaying that among , purlist of members,are many children; who under jfhe healthful 'influence exercised .by ," thwexamplc.auir the instruction' oiUhi’irpa rents,;havc anxiously, 'sought, (lie .jirivilrge their names recorded with those and guides,. 'These Children, aTew, years'hence, -instead .of ~bc.- . mg drunkards and the w.iycSj of druiikards, 'Sii i * ,e occupying- the‘'praccs,;wluch we now s.lillj and will be guarding the same interests : *°, whicliourhumblo.cffortsui-Oj now-direct ed. " ■' ' To all who have untied with asin this ih- (cresting and generous work of saving our selves anil our fellows, we say, First, He consistent with your 1 pledge. The reason why we pledge ourselves not to drink what can intoxicate, is that we believe such drink would injure ourselves and others. . : Why (hen should we, Under any circumstances, for a moment wish to get rid of the obliga tions of our'pledge? ' Nor do the usages of society at the present day require any per son to violate his pledge, Let us then bo consistent in all our’ movements, and con scientiously-adhcrc to the spirit, of the obli gations we have assumed., fn so dpingyou will save yohVselves and others. ■ - Secondly, '—lf it is important that our so ciety should exist at all, it isiinportaht that it should embrace as many as possible. Each, meiiiher.of the society, male or female, young or old, may cxeK aU influence' on some a-' round you, who arc not members. Sonic of them may bo tfchipernte drinkers, ’Sumc of them may he Intemperate, bind- others may not drink at all, but u>ay never have signed the pledge. If among those, any one can be found willing to sign,we suggest to you' to call on some member of our Committee or oU our Secretary, and get a pledge; and then return if wltirhis signature’. 7 Each individ mil may do much;-and,if we all do what we can, before the end of the year 1841 we will rescufe many in our town and in our county, from the jaws of intemperance, and perhaps soinp^drunkard-from the gfave. Who that has signed our.pledge will" not help us in this work. Pinalh/j—AHow us to advise you to road weekly the temperance department of our borough .papers.. It, is furnished with the best matter, which the I'hlitors, with our'aid, can,procure. Head it, and point out to your neighbors such portions of it ns you think mayuh) them good; To.‘a friend of temper ance, the existence of .Such a department in a paper ought to furnish a strung induce ment to its patronage. ' The work we intend to effect is great, but we shall be aided in it by the-prayers of the pious and-by the blessing of Heavem ■ : M. CALDWELL, Ch’n. Twenty-sixth fiongrcSs- SECOND SESSION. - HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, r ■ .February'l3., 18411 Bunting of the Steamboat Caro , r .oliiie, aiul llle iim>i‘i.s«n- r A r,- Mr. Pickens, from the Coihmittee.on For c gn Affairs, made the following 'MEPOUT: ■ The Committee on Foreign Jlffairs, to whom was referred'the : message, of the Pre'si ■dent, transmitting a correspondence toilh the Hellish minister in relation to ' the - burning of the,steamboat Caroline,-and therdemand made for_t he liberation of Mr. Alexander McLeod, respectfully / report: dt appearslhatthcsteamboat" Caroline” was and destroyed in the month of December, 1837 i The committee are indu ced to believe that the facts of the case are a£i follows: The boat was owned by, and in .possession of, a citizen of New .York. J3he was cleared from the .city of-.Buffalo;-.and,, on the morning of the 29th of December, 1857, she, left Niagara river, and within the territory of the United States. The origin al Intention seemed to be, to run the boat between Buffalo and. Schlosscr; or, perhaps, from lilack Rock dam 16 Schlosscr; and, should it seem profitable, it was intended to run her also to. Navy Island, and touch, at Grand Island and Tonawanda. Her owner was Mr. Wells, said to be a respectable ci tizen of Buffalo; and, it is obvious, hisAin tention in fitting up the boat was one of speculation and profit' entirely-. The ex citement on that portion ofThe frontier at this.period, had collected a great many in thq ( neighborbuod—some frojn curiosity,some from idleness, and others from taking an in terest in the unusual and extraordinary col lection of adventurous men gathered togeth er at that time on Navy Island. Navy Isl and was'"nominally” in’the British “te’rri- K»y.” , '' ' The owner of the Caroline touk ndvnnr (age of these circumstances to . make some money with his boat, by running her as a ferry-boajt ov.cr to Navy Island. All these facts appe'ar-from testimony regularly ta ken, (see 11. R. Doc. No. 302, pages 46 arid 39, 2d session,2sth Congress,) and the com mittee know of no legal evidence to contfa dict them. There is no'proof that any arms of munitions of war were carried m llie boat—exc.ept.p.eiiiops,oneVmall .six-pounds cp field-piece belonging'to a passenger. The principal objecf.was to run the boat as a fer ry-boat from Schlosscr,’ on .the American side," to Navy Island, on the. British aide.— If is believed that; even' in war, a neutral Power lias the right to trade in contraband, articles, subject, ofVeouraej to seizure and confiscation, if taken, within the jurisdiction (if cither of-The - ctmtendlng paftieT. WliaT is contraband in war, i’s hot always-certain ' Treaty supulaiioiisTrequcnttyinclmlc sotnc articles, rind exclude others, recognized in the law qf'nafions. Trading iii contraband articles-is'no excuse fqr invading tlie terri tory and soil of a neutral and independent Power; whose" pi iyate citizens may choose. to fun the hazards'of such a liadc. In; this i nstahcey there were ho twdffpreign Powers engaged in war; but all concerned iii the: ;dhtureak cr excitement,within the British, jurisdiction claimed' to. be' British subjects, in Tcsistnn'cc to the authorities of Canada, a province of the British empire. * E ven ad initting,- then, that the. .Caroline? was-enga ged.in contraband (fade, yet it was with ci? claimed to be subjects of lhe aaineTihpirc with those who'were styled . the legitimate officers of tlie Province. ' Ab stractly speaking, how wns'n private citizen tu dccide Who wcre fight. anil who wrong, thf so Ideal disputes? And whioh poftioii of citizens of tlie saihe - Province; must; our citizens refuse‘to? have any communication with? .But the boat was'.merely,fused fdr oneday,nsn'feiTy-baat;hfitl,'ontlie niglif of Hie day She commenced running, She was seized, while moored iiuhe wharf at Scliloa ■ ser, and burnt. yStiVcral -lhen were iissas-' s J nn! , e . 7^ ce rt aln '-^ 0 J 1 9rwhpfell dead Upon the dock. Noiy, tlie.insihuhtiiJn bf the Bnt ish minister that Sc]llbssol;w^■g‘ r nominhllv’ , witjiinilhe' tefritbry of - the '.Uhi|ed- States, ntay wclf bhrolprfed, ns:we ;eani \Vidiih<jua| truth,say;^h“at;Nhvy'lslapd'was : ,“hiihiUnii; Iji” within the “territory” of jllid British Go-i vef hincnf;' for; at the period to w'liich \Ve nl- ‘ jlude, the people collected there had os ef fectually defied Canada authorities ns, any portion of our people had:disregarded burs. Yet'Britiah authority thought prbpcr.tb pass l>y Navy-Island, then in its ‘‘nominal’’ ter ritory, and, iir^the plenitude of its power, to cast’thc Cegis bf British jurisdiction oVcf A merienn soil.' This was truly, extending o .verus that kind guardianship, which-, they had not the ability at that time to extend Ur a portion of their own territory, and which recommends itself to us, full as mpdi from ns from its love of right or Ihw; . ’ The British minister is pleaded also to cnll the Caroline a “piratical stcamboat.”r— The loose epithets' of r anyone, no matter how high in place, cannot.make that, piracy which the law of nations does not recognize as such. Pirates are 'freebooters—eneinics of the human race; and .eminent jurists des cribe them as ravaging every sea and const, with no flag, and-no borne. ■ Piracy comes under the concurrent jurisdiction.of all na tions. Even in the worst point of view that it can be considered, those connected with the steamboat Caroline were hut the aiders and abettors of others engaged in rebellion. JCndThe'.coWiiTtrceVhlFeTutnllyji't’ a~liiss' ItT know upon what authority .rebellion is. re cogniitedas piracy. Such confounding of tehns is resting the cnsebipon epithets, in stead of sound law or facts. But even sup posing it to bo a “piratical boat,” as the minister asserts it to be; yet the moment it touched our soil, it fell under our sovereign ty, and no power on earth .could rightfully invade it. ‘ - There is no doctrine more consecrated in. English.history than that.every' humah. be ing who touches the soil of Great Britain is immediately covered by British law,' Sup pose one other .vessels; were cut from the banks of (he Thames, and burnt by French-, men, and British citizens-were assassinated, at night, and the French minister .were tu avow that they acted . under orders of his Government, and that the vessel was “pi ratical,” atid (he citizens'murdered were outlaws: then there is nut nil Englishman whose heart would not beat high to avenge the .Wrong, and vindicate ..the, rights :of his country. -Tilt: law,there, is the law.hero. 'And'there is hat international law, consist ent With the separate, independence of na tions, that sanctions the pursuit of even pi rates, ,to murder and 'arson over (bo soil ami jurisdiction of one of the States of this con fvsderapy. No grchtrfr wrong can be done can be done with impunity alone point, and bn.one Occasion, it can be done at.another;; and (lie nation that submits to it finallysinks down,into drivelling imbecility.- If .a.■ rep resentation of thestate of things lit-Sclilos scr. and the conduct of those who had con trol of the Caroline, had first-been made to. the proper authorities of New York, or, id the United-States, then there 1 would have -been some show-at least of, respect for bur sovereignty and independence, and a dispo sition to treat us as an equal. - But, in this caserns if to-treat our author!tics-with'con tempt, there was no preliminary demand or representation made. It was hoped that .(he!outrage was perpe trated by a party,-in sudden- heat, and ex xitem.ent,.upon,,their town responsibility.— But the British minister now'avows that ‘‘the act was the public act of persons obey ing the constituted authorities of her Majes ty’s Province;” and .again affirms that ‘‘it was a public act of persons'in her Majesty’s service, obeying the.orders of their superior authorities.”. ■ , ’ If tins liatl been the.first and only point of collision with Great Britain, it might not have excited such interest; but there is an assumption, in most of our intercourse with that great Power, revolting to the pride and spirit of independence-in a free people. If it be her desire to preserve peace, her true policy woiild be to do justice, niid show that courtesy to equals which she has always de manded from others. The. comnnttee do not desire to press their views on this part of the subject, particularly as a demand has been made by' our Government upon the Government of Great Britain for explana tion as to the outrage committed; the answer to which, it is hoped,-will prove satisfactory. 'As to the other points presented in the demand made by the British minister, for the “liberation” - of Alexander McLeod,'the committee believe the facts of the case to be—that the steamboat was seized and burnt, as stated before; and that a citizen or cifi-' zehs of New york were murdered in the affray; nnd there were reasons to induce a belief tliat McLeod was parliceps criminis. .He was at firstnrrcslcdf-and, upon', various testimony being taken, was then discharged. He,was afterwards arrested a second'time. UponUhe evidence then presented, he whs imprisoned, lb await his trial. There was no invasion of BritislrteFritory to seize or (ake liim. But; upon his being voluntarily within bur territory, he, was arrested, as any citizen of the United States, cliarged witli a. similhV 61fencc7 tuigirt have been, ; We know of no laW of nations tliat would exemnt n man from arrest and imprisonment for" of fences charged, to,be committed against the “peace and dignity” of a State, because he is a. subject of Greatßritaiii," or because.he committed the crime- at the instigation; : or under the' authority, of British provincial, officers; much loss do We know of any law ■that would justify the President. to ; deliver .him up without trial, ntlhe demand, and upon:.the assertion as to facts, of any agent of the British; Govern inenti If we hadbeen af open way With Great Britain, and McLeod had committed the oli’ences charged . then he miglit have fallen.under the rules anjd.regu lations of war, end been' treatedasapnao ncr of the United States, .'Government, and; Wimld hnvebeen subject to the laws of ca tions in'war. Butpas the alleged criminal acts, in Which McLeud is charged to; be iih-; plicated, were committed inprofound peace, it is n crime. as far Us he may be concerned, solely against the; "peace and dignity 5 * of the State Of NeW Ycrk; and bercriininal ju riBdic(ioiiiSco(np|eteaildcxcluBive..-.lfthe crinms cpimtilttcd bo-such.as to'make a man hoslia hrfmtmi gcnerU—an outlaw, ajiifate, in the legal acceptation of the ;lertn—then. Under (he law of nations;' i lie United! Stales' courts and tribunals; would have jurisdic tion, ■ ButUheoffenco charged in thisicase, committeif’nS it was in time of peace,-.as fiir as this ’indiylduaL.inaybo' concerned-, '.wasi ■One-pufcly>'ag‘iiii;Rt;hof- liqMqcl, and coming ■’ cxclusiyeiy< will «n m a):, j a risd ictibn' oftlie tribunals'of New; Vci'k.;: - ; , ; i<v '• ' The minister/iim-his" Icftcr-of the ; 13th • December,;! 840, says: “It is quits notori -1 ous that Mr. McLeod; was nut one of (lie . party engaged in the destruction of the i Bffciunboat Caroline;, and .that the pretended charge upon which lie has been‘imprisoned i rests Only upon the perjured testimony ..of certain Canadians, outl.uvs. and their abet tors,” &c. ■; This inay, perchance, all he so; hut it would he asking-a great deal to ro ■ quirt:.an American court to yield jurisdic tion,, and surrender up a prisoner charged with offences against the law, upon the mere ipse diint' of any man, no matter, how high ' in authority. .Whether McLeod he guilty or not guilty, is the very , point upon which an American jury alone have a right to de cider ; Jurisdiction iiv'Stdte- tribunals over criminal cases, andtrihlhy a jury of the venue, are essential points in American ju risprudencej.nhd it is a total misapprehen sion as to the nature of our system,, to sup pose that there is any right in' the Fedcra’l Executive tq arrest lhc verdict of-the one; orr thwart the jurisdiction of the other. If such a power and were it would effectually overthrow, and upon a vi tal point, the separate, sovereignty and in dependence of these The Federal Executive might ho clothed with pow;er to deliver up fugitives from justice, for offen ces committed against a foreign , State; hut even then it might not be obligatory Ip dp so, unless, it, were .made ,matter of .treaty stipulation. This duty and right in an Ex ecutive has generally been considered as dormant, until made binding by treaty ar rangement. Hut when the matter is rever sed, and demand is., made, not, of fugitives from justice for, offences committed- against a foreign. Power, hut for thc.lihcratibn. of a man charged .with'off'uhcos, against the peace and dignity of one of our own. States, then it-is that lhc demand becomes preposterous in the extreme. The fact that the offences \ycre committed under the sanction of Pro .vinclal. authorities, docs hot alter the case, unless we were in a state of war. In - such cases as;the present, the power to deliver up could not be conferred .upon the Federal , Executive by treaty stipulation. It could only be confcrrcd.in those cases over which jurisdiction is.clearly, delcgatcd-by the Kcd cral constitution: such; for instance, as trea son, which is an offence against Hie conjoin ed sovereignty of the States, as defined in the constitution. Over ail cases, except thosc-dcfined in the constitution, and those coining clearly under the laws of nations, the States have,exclusive,jurisdiction;,,and; them arenncidcnt to their scparate,soycr cignty. It is nut pretended, in this case, that there is any treaty.stipulation under which the demand.is made; and the Federal- Executive,'umlpr our system, has no power but what is conferred by the constitution or by special law of Congress. In the former; it is declared that “the executive power is vested in a President of the United Slates;” and.that power is then tojbe pointed out and defined by special' laws, passed frpm time to time, imposing such duties as are thought proper nnd-expedicnt-by. ; C»ngfess;’ Your committee deem it dangcrops for the,Executive to exercise any power over a subject-matter not .conferred by treaty orby law; and to exercise it in any case in con flict.with Statc jurisdiction, would.be worse than dangerous—it would be usurpation., . But ybur committee forbear to. press these points further at present; and they would not have said as much on the clear questions of international law, hut that, in this' case, the demand .for liberation has been made by the accredited agent ol n great Power; and under circumstances of peculiar aggravation and excitement. We have other points of difference with Great Britain, which.add interest to every question.th.at arises between us atTpreseiit. Neither our: northeastern nor northwestern boundaries are yet settled with her, and the subject is not entirely free from difficulty. She has recently seized our vessels, and ex ercised a power involvinglhe right of scotch, under the pretext of suppressing the foreign slave-trade, which,• if persevered in, will sweep our commerce from the coast.of.Afri ca, and which is incompatible with our rights as a maritime Power. She fins recently, in her intercourse with us, refused, indemnity and denied our rights to property, on a sub jcct’inaltcr vital to near one half the?Statcs of this confederacy, and which considering her military position at' Bermuda, and. her growing power in the West Indies, is of the last importance to our national, indepeud-. ence. "• ■ ' ■ All these subjects make every question between us, at this peculiar juncture, of the deepest interest. : --1 Besides this, wo are both permanently destined Jo-have, perhaps, the. most exten sive commerce of modern nations. ' Our flags float aide by. side over every, sea, and bays. and. inlet, of ilie known globe. - She moves steadily, upon her objects, with an, ainbition that knows no .bounds;, and, whenevcr ehe has hnd a copllict.of intcrest;- she Msr'raVcly yielded to any Power.. ■ A t-this moment. she presents to thehcr ad world the >7.ed world the spectacle of (lie greatest iniU itnry.nnil commercial Power in combination ever known. -From her vast possessions in every quar ter of the globe, and her’ peculiar commer cinksystempshe. lias been made the reservoir of the wealth of nations. • . Her internal resources, skill; labor, and machinery, with her capital,.are beyond cal-' culatiim. Her natural; position, .being about mid Way, (lie?coast of .Eurppe,:giyes her great control over, the outlets and currents of com merce. '■ • ' Her military occupation.ofpibi'altar,Mal ta,; the lonian islunds.h and recently of• SI. Jean d’Acre, give her ascendency on the Mediterranean'and the Levant; while St, Helena and the Cape of GundHupe give her position over the currents of trade along those cxtcnsivecoasts.Thcnlioin hay .Cal cutta, air'd .her' immense. l possessions in the East Indies,: together ivilh herrecent move ments in China seas and islands, enable hGrtocxtehdherpnwerovorthnscvastre-; giona that have si umbered,forages ip snlila -17 and enervated. Urngnificencc, She pos sesses Falkland island, but to control, t|ie commerce that, passes around Capeilnrn; -while;’rrinidad'gives.hei'-all she, desires in the- Oarribeah sea,'.' ?:Halifax\ at -one point n1ul;/dc)7nnda at d)!o//«i', Btand out in great 1 force over our, o\vn;c.oasti.|Vpm one extremi ■ ;■ .7y„ J: j.;S -V, . r -vHer^pdji.t^ qual to amUliphn fi men u nde rat ms. Her r>/c;-y continual conflicts in tho mighty, regions of the East only enable, her officers to -, become skilful, and to improve iff'..the srf of war; while her gregt armies.and extensive fleets draw their.support from the immense coun tries seized and occupied. .In . thc'prcscnt juuetufe:of affairs,.no statesman can over look these things. , Btchiii-power has recent ly brought.us so near together, that, 'in.the event pf any future conllict, war, . with its effects, will be procipitatcdiupon : us. with much more rapidity'than formerly. , .Avarice and ambitioh are tlie ruiing pas sions of modern times, and it isin vain to shut bur cycs to the state-.pf things around us. It remains To he seen what effect steam power is to have upon changing and modi fying the..ivbole.bTt'of defence arid war, Tt may be a;great, engine^fur again 1 levelling mankind, and Inducing every thihg to a con- . test of mere physical force,- Ih'that event, it might be difficult to cphjeclure whaf sys tem of national defence will stand the test of time and experience. ■'. AVe have a deep-stake in peace, and fond ly hope the repose of the world will not be disturbed.. We have ccrtainly’hpt the least desiroforanyrupture. Firmnessahda wise- preparation, will long preserve us from such a catastrophe. „13ut; while no temptation should.evcr prompt us to do injustice on the' one hand, so no. consideration, on the other, hand, should cycK induce us to submit to permanent wrong-from any Power on.c ; arth, no matter, what the consequences may be. Your committee would conclude by, ex pressing a firm belief that all bur points of dillicultyjnay..he honorably and ani.icably adjusted, and That harmony, may long he preserved, by both Governments porsUmg, a liberal and generous policy, congenial to the interests and feelings of both people, and compatible with the spirit and genius of -an enlightened age. - From the New York Jlmcrtcan. SCOTLAND! GRETNA GREEN, We passed through Gretna Green—that spot so famous in the annals of clandestine marriages. Gretna is a mudestlitllc village, whose two.smart inns and a dozen white Ironses "wduld“rc'ccive scarcely if passing glance from the traveller, but for the iiolu riety it has acquired in both hemispheres for the facilities it. affords-those English sub jects, who, bent on speedily emerging from the scene of single into that of double bless edness, cannot wait to'thread the .tedious them and the goal of theirfelicity:—rnywho, desparing of the removal of those delicate obstacles which the withheld consent and approbation of cautious friends have thrown in their way, resolve to overleap.-ill difficul ties by rushing across the border,, and into the firms of a consummation so dbvouily -"to he desired as matrimony. . , About a century ago, Gretna began to he the resort of English couples for;, the above' mentioned pupuses. Its trade steadily in creased, till three or four hundred hymenial knots were annually tied within its parish. Though the, parties were generally of the humbler .walks of life, the cases arc not a few where those of the highest ranks have, here pronounced their marriage vow's in the Unceremonious way permitted by the laws— among whom may be.mentioned Lord Chan cellors Erskine and Eldon. For many years, the officiating personage on these occasions was one Paisley, a tobacconist, who in his turn was succeeded by an innkeeper (I think) named Elliott. -'At period, Gretna Saw a spirited competition canied on between two rival priests at her altar—the one a barber, ,tl>e .other a laborer,, who, in the <in(ci;Vals of . his .knot-lying ministra tions, dolled in the less romantic vocation of breaking stones to.McAdamize the turnpike. Eazor Was worsted in his ,kcpn_cjicottnter with sledge; for, the Tatier, always seated at his work, l hy;.,tjj.e fond-side, near the little bridge that separates England and Scotland, accosted the recusant parlies as they en tered Grclna. aiid thus, in the language of iny informant, ‘die struck the most bargains because lie had the .first chance.”' These worthless fellows used .to read to the parties —:f*aU 'trembling with’ transport”—the ifmtr ri menial service of the Cjiiirch of- England; .thereby making n, religiups;muckcry id What pWuld otherwise have been only a ludicrous solemnity. The fees, exacted of the hum bler class,’were Wsunily-'reasonable— about half a crown, bufwcallhierpcrstms were not spared in This respect: being, either closely shaved by the barber or knocked down at a •high price by tire pulverizer. Ten pounds . steHinghaye often'bccn exacted; niid I heard of thcWase of one gehtlcnVah who,paid forty. JBesidcs the douceur to the mock priest, the extortions of the innkeepers and.post boys,, j with the other pecuniary ef ceferns that ne cessarily attended a runaway match, uiade 1 the expedition h scrijlua allliir to Ihe purse j a's‘ wdtl as the henrtof Hie parties; while the ( incoinederived' from this source, i half thc chieffw'Cailh villagc | of Gretna' Green. ■ r . ' IJipT at CtEVKtAND.r—’riic.llefalcl iif the 10th inst., gives the particulars of a riot,at Cleveland, during which an attack \vas made upon n house occupied by a mulatto man* and who was said; to have a. white woman for.a wife. The doors and, windows; were demolished, and almost every particle. of furniture jn the .house was brokeiiito pieces Nor did the inmates escape unharmed.' The man was beaten ; until left for .dead,-—the white woinan njid a negro woriiap fared ,but. little better, bolt) being knocked down arid seriously injured. of the,: rioters wcrcartcrwarcsarrested. , A Stupendous Item.— Mr. \Vo;idhury, Secretary of the Treasury, sent .‘in a’ dricu iri,ent:to;the§i.mhfcpgiving.Uis.viiwvsriiid'car- cu latiuiiaiaa to the ainon ij t of iusScg sustain,.. ed hyrthe. governmclit and people'TtTirough the banks., Mr.\y,;estimiitc(i llie fluctuat ions in Sank /currency,- affecting prices, ex travagance in- IlyingiVacrilices coririccletlrivilb-b'iS'ritlter conv-- pUtali’oiis,) at 50;0Q0,p66! .The aggregate' psscs, he ■coiiipuies. Ht.fAp^.iis! ,49£T God save the .United. States! ;. . - Pudlio,Laki>in Michigan.— -It appears from a'settlement intlicAVe.steriiFarmer.Detroif,; there arc $OiS,l acmes,- of; goSW»V merit l aijdslill u nso( it ini tlmtstaie; Spld beep jm i;tfey fed• ’/■Or the Piqg,;ijn|!|bW^solil'& : dißfafkjpir, Capital Punishment.—' ThoMassachusetts HousAof Representatives, by a vote of 209 to IS4, have passed the bill to abolish pun ishment of death for rape, arson, and treason against that Commonwealth—imprisonment for life’ being substituted. The only excep tion'is, where the arson occasions the loss of. human life. - Shocking MunDEp. A reorder of the most bru tal character, says the St, Louis Republican, was com united by' one James oh the person of Ids wifel ' He was absent the Whole day on which the deed. was and returned at night; he then, without'any provocation whatever, began to beat his wife with a club," beating out her brains and - breaking.bolliher legs and. arms, fhe murderer immediately absconded. • Several persons were in pursuit, with hopes of capturing him.— -IjALTIMuRt: Clipper. The American ships Merchant, Adelaide, and Willington, seized bjr thejliritisli squad ron for violating the Cantun blockadc, have been released. • - ‘How many genders are there?’ asked a schoolmaster. , ‘Three, sir,’ promptly, replied little blue eyes. - ‘What are they called?’, ‘Masculine, feminine, and nculcr.’ ‘Pray give me an example of cacti,’ said the master. ‘Why, you are masculine, because you are a man, and I am a femiiiiiicr'bccause I am a‘girl.’ , . , : ‘Very well, —proceed;’ ‘I don’t know,’said the little girl, ‘I reckon Mr Jenkins is neuter, as lie’s an old Bachelor 1’ Printersand their Subscribers. - It is'not likely, Mr. Sanderson, that a/luf your readers know that'Dr* Benjamin -Franklin was a Jnjuter as well as a /ihjloso/ihei; and const -tpfCiitly had, not* only a theoretical but an exjie • Xirnentut knowledge ofmankind; nur.'is iu likely that they know his opinions ol them in their re lative situations.in lile. , Among othbrthings he said that,- Debtor's and Creditors had the belt andthcTUom menjorics ol any people upon eai iti * lor that, it.K)U v yo« would be cerlaih to remcm* ber it—whilst J wonfd be as certain to forget it; and vice versa! Among the thousand und one . good things he said, many uPihenThsd purlieu lar reference to the C rafty that ought never to he-forgotten, especially by those who b< bnig to it. -PetJiaps jou, ) ourself, Mr. Sanderson «</o»V /•now. what 1 have reference to; buty mi ouglit 10 know—•for, - !* ‘the proper study of inankint! t a mani** ami, if you will permit-in?, an old pl'ucii* j cal. l’li tell you what he^aidJmi^a.Uo.ll...^ l|y vl nnlers accounts, said the Doctor, though generally «w«//,*are an excellent index of char* * % acter. l.et me look over-my books, said he,and 1 can tell you the charm ter of every person whose name is there.” Being asked by a rnteip povary, //ot;7 he Tejilird, “np< n the principle that,,a man who is //row/// and honest m small matters, .will be so in large -om-si for‘/vc* who* w>m\i\ itefroud an7:V//7orl)l one yeaiVsubsrrip lion, would STEAL A HoKsK oU HOD A CIM U©!,, u ii was not,f»»r the fear of detection ; & deserves to be published among Tmfa es amf Rodders, -s unworthy the association or countenance of honest men.*’ This .said Dr. Franklin—hence the Printer's Black 77*;,0f which he was .the -.... Now,.print it, Mr. Sanderson; it is a piece of history —and it may,’ perhaps, on some Jutvr'e occasion, answer your purpose, as welfas ii will ;/i/«f,.Dow. You Imy.c. not probably madefmt a blacklist y£t. but t'have a"pfetfy one, amlnucud to have it published er» long with annotations , that the public may know, not only here but elsewhere, fy/vo.M them deserve the character of Jlogites, and whether any of them desene the character ol honest men\— A' Black I,lst. truly . * . It is pretty .well known hereabout*, that since 'J was/i..ra/yzrd; one ot.lhe Kxerntors ol n>y brother-James*' estate and Smdgravs made an e.fidrt tn collect the dt Ills of the late , firm of Win: B. & 3. Underwood, as well hy /iersuasicn as free. In some instances they succeeded, but faded in many! I have also .tried to collect that which was due myself after the dissolution with my brother; hut it was like the attempt to wash the b/ackumor while, /o bor in vain! In some rases, whether lor the want of mora\ courage and moral honesty in the oJJiccrsMV tin. debtors , J can’t tell, 1 Was not on ly 'cheated of niy juat claims-, by having to sub mit to stiff sweating. Queen Ann's Statute, and that act which was nuutuMor the benefit of floor honest men, of which rogues sometimes take the advantage, lint made fiuy co'sts. for liav. ing had the temerity Ip try to gel the fruits of my labor. , This isjin fiction* Mr, Sanderson. instead of being ‘’defrauded of. one year's sub script,icp», M ilie acting. Kxecutnr says, “7>« Thousand Do Ila rs would not, balance Ihe books ol Win. B. 45* 3. Underwood, for suhst »ipti< n* advertising and job work,** to say nothing of the ilcots clue me, individually, in 1836. when ! was paralyzed, and tnany of them still remain,due, and pr'ohahly everivill, liaxing by-law, become debts of hduordwxWwmy either honor or honesty in those who owe them! There-aremothers wlio are sdll willing to /mi/—to such, a. Tittle more ► grace shall be given, before their names be. put upon the black lists. l»utV‘ if they. heglccVYco lorig% on \X-they shall g&i without respect uf-personsr— - Itis a trite; mid. true, saying, Mr, Sanderson, that, “one half of tfte. world don't know ,how the ot/iet_imlf livesT*— : Tltcy; never suspect th >t the rich md'res/iectabieyuYVinn lake ihe advantage ' of and unfortuna/rfnr thal«o7we who. make great professions vt'religion, and go regu larly to church one day-in the week, are, epga-- ged the other nix, in devising, way s and means to enrich 'themscfves.at.iUp-txpense-of-lhdiLunsus» .1 liectih^f^ow^citizens,* who cupidity.. Such folks, too, revtember iu forget .borer,is atophy ofiils hire.”, '.- • . Itwill be no gratification to mt. Mr. Sander son— an aged .Imd helpless cripple—to txjiose thadithoafilu of men with whom.np'ort formelr occasions, ! have had dealings. Rut, ns I »m commanded to ‘love my neighbors' a» myne.tf,’ it js nilincumbentdnfy to guard.'nt least to want them ngainst.thc vitlci 'of sneh as have defraud £d me; that they may escape a like evil.' This Is one reason why I intend to have my black lint published—another is, that in ninntherc is ' so mur/i of human nature, that some of it must occasionally he let off, lest, to lise ah engin- ' eei; s phrase,it might “burst the boilrr." It is howevfcr, a fioor com/misalion for a greatjiart -. of the luhor of upwards cf -twenty of the'most active years ot mv life, to reflect that mucli pf , the inruns which Iliad Imped would,have con tributed,.in some mycomjbrt, jp .. the,latter days of . ntyf life,i .have been withheld ;■ frojri me by, hypocrilical/irc/crtrfci'» to res/iecta bility~ui honesty—aiid in soffie, instances, to RELIGION! . „ ■ ■■ ' " r 7 WM. B. UNDERWOOD; . Larljslc.FehriiarylS, 1841.: Lh h" - - : BRIG.IOF/ ORDER. TlieondOTBigned,rhaviripfoil confidence'iri-tbb -■ integrity and- capability; of the ;foflovtlng'gentlr men.-think 'proper to increase bis Brigade Staff Officers,bymakingthe'following promotions and ■ : npp6mtmenl3 ( \iz:—Major John Bowerharteß, to be Brigade Quarter M aster, in roomof Samuel , Clark resigned—ldeut.; John HaantroNf of-Gnm- - berland connty, lri bo Aid-do-catnp-riI!DWARD S. • J9>’ES,ot ; Perrycopp,lytobe Aid wb;t>ffS7pril) ijbe. obeyed and respbcteiS/accordingly; Samuel Glare, will repor’t to bia cdirirnand ng officer for dutjv- ‘ V-. •• • ! - ED.WAlUJAßlVHJß.Brig.'Gcn.Cdrn’dg. •t'r : y r 'j'- l -£ •. .-‘let;Brig.llthDiT.P .. • Edwetf Aid-de-comp.. :
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers