VOL. 43. The Huntingdon Journal. Office in new JOURNAL Building, Fifth Street, THE HUNTINGDON JOURNAL is published every Friday by J. A. NASH, at $2,00 per annum IN ADVANCE, or $2.50 if not paid for in nix months from date of sub scription, and f 3 if not paid within the year. No paper discontinued,unless at the option of the pub lisher, until all arrearages are paid. No paper, however, will be sent out of the State unless absolutely paid for in advance. Transient advertisements will be inserted at TWELVE AND A-HALF CENTS per line for the first insertion, SEVEN AND A-HALF CENTS for the second and FIVE CENTS per line for all subsequent insertions. Regular quarterly and yearly basin me advertisements will be inserted at the following rats s I I ST 3m j 6m 19m lltt $3 50' 4 501 5 501 8 00 %coll9oo 2 " 600 8 00110 00112 00 '' col 18 00 3 " 700 10 00114 00(18 00 y, col 34 00 4 " 800 14 00120'00118 00 1 col 36 00 All Resolutions of Associations, Communications: of limited or individnal interest, all party announcements, and notices of Marriages and Deaths, exceeding five lines, will be charged TEN cEsys per line. Legal and other notices will be charged to the party having them inserted. Advertising Agents must find their commission outside of these figures. All advertising accounts are du, and collectable when the advertisement is once inserted. JOB PRINTING of every kir.d, Plain and Fancy Color., done with neatness and dispatch. Hand-bills, Blanks, Cards, Pamphlets, Am., of every variety and style, printed at the shortest notice, and everything in the Printing line will be executed in the most artistic manner and at the lowest rates. Professional Cards• WH. P. 1 R. A. ORBISON, Attorneys-at-Law, No. 321 Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. All kinds of legal business promptly attended to. Sept.l2;7B. DR. G. B, 110TCIIKIN, 825 Washington Street, Hun. tingdon. junel4-1878 TA CALDWELL, Attorney-at-Law, No. 111, ard street. 11 • Office formerly occupied by Messrs. Woods & Wil liamson. [apl2,'7l DB. A. B. BRUMBAUGH, offers his professional services to the community. Office, N 0.523 Washington street, one door east of the Catholic Parsonage. DR. has permanently located in Alexandria to practice his profession. [jan.4 '7B-Iy. C. STOCKTON, Surgeon Dentist. Office in Leister's 121. building, in the room formerly occupied by Dr. E. Greene, Huntingdon, Ps. [apl2B, '76. • .J EO. B. ORLADY, Attorney-at-Law, 405 Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [n0v17,'75 GL. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T. Brown's new building, . No. 620, Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [ap12271 u C. MADDEN, Attorney-at-Law. Office, No. —, Penn .11. Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [apl9,'7l T SYLVANITS BLAIR., Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Office, Penn Street, throe doors west of 3rd Street. [jan4,'7l T W. MATTERN, Attorney-at-Law and General Claim . Agent, Hnntingdon, Pa. Soldiers' claims against the Government for back-pay, bounty, widows' and invalid pensions attended to with great care and promptness. Of fice on Penn Street. [jan4,'7l T S. GEISSINGER, Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public, L . S. Huntingdon, Pa. Office, No. 230 Penn Street, oppo site Court House. [febs,'7l SE. FLEMING, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa., . office in Monitor building, Penn Street. Prompt and eareful attention given to all legal business. [augs,ll-6moe New Advertisements 1-11TNTI SagARE DIALER CLOTHING IIOHE Is now prepared. to tSUIP Its Patrons in GARMENTS of the VERY LATEST STYLE And the BEST MAKE UP, at prices to suit the times. My stock of 'READY-MADE CLOTI+II4O FOR MEN, YOUTHS, BOYS AND CHILDREN IS FULL. Men's Suits for $4.00 up; Boys' Suits for $4.00 up ; And Children's Suits for $2.00 up. 1.1t3r5F "n3L I `CI) OF3E3Lia.I9IOI For MEN, YOUTHS, BOYS. and CHILDREN is large, and prices low. The best line of SHIRTS, ranging in price from 35 cents up. A large assortment of HALF-HOSE-5 pair for 25 cents, and up to 50 cents per pair. LINEN COLLARS, 2 for 25 cents. Suspenders, Shoulder Braces, and Handkerchiefs. Also, Trunks and Satchels, All bought at BOTTOM PRICES FOR CASH, A! II WILL _113..C. ft 401,120 CIIDEAP FOIL CA.SIT. The only place in town where you can get the GENITIN A SPLENDID LINE OF SAMPLES FOR SUITINGS To be made to order, Measures taken and good Fits guaranteed, Don't Pail to Gall ,and Examine my Goods and Prices before Purchasing. DON'T FORGET THE PLACE NEARLY OPPOSITE THE POSTOFFICE. T. W. MONTGOMERY. April 11, 1879 BROWN'S CARP ET STOR E, 525 PENN STREET, JUST THE PLACE FOR HOUSEKEEPERS ! . FRESH STOCK! NEW STYLES ! ! 1879, CARPETS, ALL GRADES AND AT PRICES THAT CAN NOT BE UNDERSOLD, FURI\TITITH P., The Largest Stock and variety of Chairs, Beds, Tables, Chamber Suits, Lounges, ROCKERS, MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, dze., ever exhibited in Huntingdon county. WALL PAPER ! WALL PAPER ! In this department I have made important changes; procured the latest improved trimmer, and my new styles and prices for 1879, can not fail to suit purchasers. Call and see. WINDOW SHADES and FIXTURES in great variety. Plain, satin and figured paper, plain or gilt band shading, spring and common fixtures. FLOOR OIL CLOTHS From 15 inches to yards wide. Halls covered with one solid piece without joints. [Bring diagram and measurement.] For PICTURE FRAMES AND LOOKINC CLASSES, This is headquarters. Mattresses, Window Cornice, and anything in the Cabinet or Upholstering line or repaired promptly. UNDERTAKING Also Weil lo the Furniture & Carpet Business, Plain Coffins, Elegant Caskets and Burial Cases, WOOD OR LIGHT METALIC TO SUIT ALL. BURIAL ROBES IN VARIETY. A FINE PLATE GLASS HEARSE Ready to attend funerals in town or country. My new clerk and traveling agent, FERDINAND Koch, will call briefly in the principal towns, villages and valleys of this and adjoining counties, with samples of Wall Paper, Carpets, Carpet Chain, and illustrations of Chairs and many kinds of Furniture, to measure rooms, 56c., and receive orders for any goods in my line. If he should not reach you in time, do rot wait, but come direct to the store. JAMES A. 525 PENN ST., HUNTINGDON, IPA- Manh 21, 1579. New Advertisements S. VET 0 I ' ' S. HERE WE ARE ! At Gwin's Old Stand, 505 PENN STREET. Not much on the blow, but always ready for work The largest and finest line of 6m 9mllyr 18 001527 $ 36 38 00 60 65 160 00 65 80 Clothing, Rats and Caps, iio 00l soI 100 GENTS.' FURNISHING GOODS; In town and at great sacrifice. Winter Goods 20 PER CENT. UNDER COST. Call and be convinced at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn st, RENT AND EXPENSES REDUCED, At S. WOLF'S. lam better able to sell Clothing, Hats and Caps, Gents.' Furnishing Goods, Trunks and Valises, CHEAPER than any other store in town. Call at Gwin's old stand. S. MARCH, Agt. MONEY SAVED IS MONEY EARNED The Cheapest Place in lluntingdon to buy Cloth ing, Hats, Caps, and Gents.' Furnishing Goods is at S. "OLF'S, 505 Penn street, one door west from Express Office. S. MARCH, Agent. TO THE PUBLIC.—I have removed my Cloth ing and Gents.' Furnishing Goods store to D. P. Gwin's old stand. Expenses reduced and better bargains than ever can be got at S. Wolf's 505 Penn Street. March 28, 1879. BEAUTIFY YOUR lOM H; S o The undersigned is prepared to do all kinds of HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING, Calcimining, Glazing, Paper Hanging, and any and all work belonging to the business. Having had several years' experience, he guaran tees satisfaction to those who may employ him. PRICES i zoDERATE. Orders may be left at the JOURNAL Book Store. JOIIN L. ROTILAND. March 14th, 1579-tf. New Advertisements. GDON'S BROWN, "OW 1 _ ',.... .`. ....r SZ .L' --... `.... . _ .., 1 ... 0-. -. er . ',' , : a•-• ' WIC . - v .? . .. . . . . 1 1 ' ' . 1 : •0 urnat .... -Ni)- A t~lLcPusts' (*lntr. Recovering the Lost Cause. [As sung by the 2d Confedei ate Congress ; new style. Air, "Kitty Bray."] They smote our holy cause to dust • At Appomattox apple-tree ; We bowed our heads because we must, And followed still our leader, Lee. But lo ! to-day we have our way ; We heed no Yankee frown— Haha I Ili Yaa ! We'll cut the Army down We cut the army down before— In Shenandoah's verdant vale, Ou Wagner's slope, by Shiloh shore, But still it followed on our trail. Now, presto ! We the rulers be— We heed no Yankee frown— Ilahal lii-Yaa! We'll cut the army down ! We cut it down on Malvern Hill, On Rappabonnock's floating bridge. By Pillow's wall, at Shelbyville, Amid the flame of Mission Ridge ; It rose again ! But now as then, We heed no Yankee frown— Baba I Hi Yaa! We'll cut the Army down Our noble South shall yet be free ! The enemy whose fight was won Beneath the Appomattox lice Shall lose the day in Washinaton ! With iron hand we rule the land ; We heed no Yankee frown— Baba I Ili-Yea We'll cut the Army down ! E4c *tap-Edict. THE TWO RUTHS. AN EPISODE OF INDIAN MASSACRE Enoch Brown was the scL oollnaster of the settlement. lie was a tall, angular man, very stern in his demeanor, exceedingly exemplary in his conduct and of undoubted courage. The schoolhouse was situated on a little knoll in the woods, and a purling brook wound its way lazily through the meadeTo which had been cleared along its banks by the settlers. It was a rude wooden struc ture built of logs and rudely and uncom fortably furnished. Archie McCullough, a bright faced boy, quick and intelligent, was the youngest child in the school, and Master Brown's favorite. One beautiful morning in sum mer—it was in July 1764—t0 be particu lar, on the 20th day of the month—he came into the school room beaming all over with smiles and happy as the day was long. Master Brown had already arrived, had swept out the school-house, dusted the desks and benches and put everything to rights .'Why you are early, Archie," he said to the child, with a smile, as the young lad entered with his broad brimmed straw hat in his hand and his tiny dinner basket on his arm. "Yes, sir," the boy answered timidly but respectfully, "I always like to get to school early, but some of the boys don't want to come today. I saw one of them in the woods and he said he was go ing to play hookey." "He must be a bad boy, Archie," the master said. "Who was he?" "He asked me not to tell, and I said I wouldn't." "It was not a (rood promise to make, my child," Master Brown replied, "but hav ing made it you must keep it. It is as bad to break your word as to tell a lie. The child hung down his head and was silent Presently he looked up and run ning to the duor, said : "Here comes the two Ruths." Two little girls entered, Ruth Hall and Ruth Hart by name, smiling at Archie and curtseying to Master Brown as they came into the door. They were tiny things, about the same age both of them, and might have been mistaken for twins but for the familiar manner in which their names were occupied by their companions, "the two:Rnths." Other children followed, coming in one by one and tardy, until nine had assembled. With the exception of the two Ruths all were boys, and none of them seemed anxious to begin the duties of the day. "Has anybody seen Eden Taylor and George Dunstan this morning ?" the mas ter asked. Eden was the biggest boy in the school, being about fifteen years of age, and George was a year or two younger No body had seen either of them, but just then they entered the school room together looking very pale and thoroughly fright ened. "We saw Indians in the bushes," Eden exclaimed, gasping for breath, and George corroborated the alarming news. Dime novels were not published at that day as at this to excite the imagination of chil dren, so that Brooklyn boys are occasion ally found wandering in New Jersey in search of Indians, but stories of Indian massacres were often told and the hunting grounds of the Shawanese savages in the Kitrochtinny mountains were near enough to Enoch Brown's school for these relent less foes of the whites to put in an appear. ance at any time "You must be mistaken, boys," the mas ter argued, remembering that similar stories had often been told by alarmed in habitants which proved in the end to be without foundation. "Take your books and we will proceed with the lessons " A short prayer was made by Master Brown and then the work of the day be. gan. But scarcely were the opening ex ercises finished when a noise at the door attracted the attention of the teacher. Sud denly it was thrown open and three Indi ans stood on the threshold. They were decorated with the war paint of their tribe and their tomahawks glittered in the morning sun. They glared into the room and Master Brown saw at a glance that their errand was an errand of death for him and tLe helpless children under his charge. Consternation seized the children, who were too much frightened even to try to escape. But even if they had tried they could not have succeeded, for the long narrow windows cut between two logs were so high from the floor that the little ones could not have reached them. Hoping to save their lives even at the sacrifice of his own, Master Brown stepped to the door to try and avert the impending blow. 'Kill me, torture me if you will," he cried in imploring tones, "but spare the lives of these innocent children." "Pale face, it cannot be as you wish," one of the savages answered. "We came all the way from the mountains where the sun sets to send you where many of your white brothers have gone by the Red Man's hatchet. Why should we spare the young bucks and the two hinds there look ing out of their great, round eyes ? If we HUNTINGDON, PA , FRIDAY MAY 16, 1879. did as you bid Us, before the next moon is hung in the sky the noise of the white man's gtro4lol4Pte heard in the moun tains and MOO , would be tongues to tell who it was that put the school master to death. No, we must kill s.ll or none. When this speech was finished the In dian sprang into the room while the oth ers remained outside to guard the door and give timely notice to the fiend within in case they were discovered. The con test with the schoolmaster was soon de cided. The Indian fiercely attacked him with his tomahawk and as Master Brown had nothing with which to defend him self but his hands the battle was a very unequal one. He fought bravely, how ever, and it was not until both his hands were disabled and his arms broken that the furious savage was able to strike him a fatal blow. Finally a blow upon the head felled him to the floor, and while he lay dying the Indian tore the scalp from his The children were almost frantic while this bloody scene was enacted, and kept running to and fro in their fright, con scions of the fate that impended over them Some oak and hickory boughs had been placed in the great chimney a few days before, and although they were al ready wilted and nearly dry, Archie Mc Cullongh succeeded in concealing himself behind them. The two Ruths huddled together in a corner and vainly hoped to escape the fury of the savage. . -Now, little pale faces," the monster exclaimed, when 'the waster lay scalped and dead on the floor, 'the Indian will see that you tell no tales out of school, as the white man say." The little ones were then .killed one by one, each being dispatched with a single blow of the tomahawk. When all lay dead or dying, their scalps were torn off by the savage monster, who went hastily from one to the other fearing discovery before his bloody task was ended. All this time Archie M'Cullough sat behind the wilted boughs in the chimney, looking in childish wonder at the horrible slaughter of his old school-mates. Think ing his work was finished the Indian turned to go, and in a moment the child would have been safe from the fate that befel his companions. Unfortunately for Archie the boughs behind which he was hidden did not entirely conceal him, and as the savage gave a last glance at his bloody achievement he perceived the boy concealed in the chimney corner. It would not do to allow the only witness of his crimes to escape, and with maddened fury the savage rushed upon the child. "Oh, please, don't hurt me," Archie implored, but the savage was relentless. A fearful blow laid the child prostrate, and tearing off his scalp also, the Indian' left him to die among his dead companions. The savages departed from the scene of the massacre, and for hours Archie M'Cul lough was left with only the companion ship of the dead. Scalped and stunned the child survived, but he was stone blind. A settler happening to come near the schoolroom about noon, and observing the unusual quiet at a time when it was to be expected the children would be at play, was led to look in at the door. The scene that met his gaze baffles de scription. Ten lifeless bodies lay stretched upon the floor Archie M'Cullough, moaning and cry ing, was crawling about among his dead companions, running his fingers through their hair, and smoothing his hands over their faces as if seeking to distinguish them by the touch. The man looked in grief and wonder upon the death scene which wet his eyes, and while he looked the chiid touched in succession the forms of the two girls. "The two Ruths," he exclaimed, crying with grief and moaning with pain. The children were taken up and buried in the same grave with Master Brown, and the whole neighborhood participated in their obsequies. There was a vacant place at ten hearthstones, for each of the mur dered scholars belonged to different fami lies. Although more than a hundred years have elapsed since the massacre, the story is told in the neighborhood of what is known as Brown's School house to this day, as the most noteworthy tradition of the locality, and it certanily is one of the most terrible episodes of Indian marauding on the early frontier. Archie M'Cullough lived to be an old man, but his sight Dever returned, and the bright intelligence of his childhood had departed forever. A mumbling imbecile he would often try to describe the terrible scene which had crazed his brain, and to the last day of his life he would moan and cry over the fate of "the two Ruths." VisaHang'. Childhood, Youth and Manhood. It is man's destiny still to be longing after something, and thus the gratification of one set of wishes but prepares the un satisfied soul fir the conception of an other. The child of a year old wants but little food and sleep ; and no sooner is he supplied with a sufficient supply of either of these things, than he begins whimpering or yelling, it may be for the other. At three, the young urchin becomes en amored of sugar plums, apple pies and con fect ionery. At six, his imagination runs on kites, marbles and tops. and abundance of play time. At ten, the boy wants to leave school, and have;nothineto do but go bird-nest ing. At fifteen, he wants a beard, and a watch and a pair of boots. At twenty, he wishes to cut a figure and ride horses ; sometimes his thirst for display breaks out in dandyism, and some times in poetry; he wants sadly to be in love, and takes it for granted that all the ladies are dying for him. The young man of twenty five wants a wife; and at thirty be longs to be single again. From thirty to forty he wants to be rich, and thinks more of making money than spending it. About this time he dabbles in politics, and wants an office. At fifty he wants excellent dinners and considers a nap in the afternoon incliqen Bible. The respectable old gentleman of sixty wants to retire from business with a snug independence of three or four hundred thousand, to marry his daughters, set up his sons, and live in the country; and then for the rest of his life, he wants to be young again. SUBSCRIBE for the JOURNAL Common Sense. The U. S. Economist tells its readers that common sense is paradoxically an no common gift. It is symmetry of mind, character, and of purpose in the individual combined. It represents man in complete ness, harmony, and equipoise. It clothes him with dignity, invests him with power, awl stamps him with superiority. That 4 -i not genius, for that is often erratic; nor nning, in its sinuous course; nor tact, math its decline into trickery. Common sense is the embodiment of true manhood. It confers a patent of royalty, though birth be plebeian, and exalts men from lowest spheres to the highest stations Not by sudden freaks, or fortune, or a train of adventitious circumstances are they thus dignified. but step by step, through ob stacle and hindrance, they overcome by the force of character and the proper di rection of the will power. Common sense is l e tremendous force in this lower world. It power is felt and acknowleged through all the ramifications of governments,society, business, finance, science and commerce.— In fact it is in the history as well as the true philosophy of the ages. It is the salt that saved humanity from barbarism, and the moving power that has propelled the rkce onward in its march of progress and civilization. Rulers who have possessed this have governed with moderation, firm ness and justice, and their reign has proved a blessing. Merchants upon whom this talent rested have worked their way up from narrow fields and small beginnings to circuits of trade as wide as the conti nents of the globe. It gave them the true conservatism needful to successfully ac complish their plans, and bestowed upon them the caution that kept them from too hazardous venture. It has made more money kings than were ever crowned at lottery schemes, and gave bankers a wealth that speculation never could furnish. It is the only architect of abiding fortunes and the true test of all financial skill. It promotes commerce, fosters trade, builds up industries, and is the conservator of public peaee and morals. Iu the realm of business it produces no panics, in govern• ments no disorder, and in society no to mults. In individual characters marked differ ences are discernible. The weak, timid and irresolute are in contrast with the strong, daring and energetic. The voluble are full of conceit and bluster, the sensible silent and uncommunicative. A man pos. sessiog common sense knows how to govern his tongue, and let his acts speak instead of words. The most profuse talkers are generally those possessing the least brains, while words seasoned with wisdom fall from the lips of those who are silent until the occasion demands their utterance. The wise merchant keeps his own counsel, the skillful financier conceals his plans, and ptudent men of business conduct their of faiirs in steady grooves that run without noise or friction. Common sense makes no parade, has no holiday attire, struts in ito peacock plumes, and comes out in no sham display. It needs no aid to have its worth discovered, no outside support on which to lean. It forms its own ground work, erects its own superstructure, and builds after its own model. It is substance without shadow, success without failure, and victory without defeat. In the out come it wins, when trickery, cunning and tact have thiled It is generally allied with truth and honesty, and on all great moral questions is found on the right aide. History is full of brilliant men who, like comets, have blazed awhile in glory, and then, through lack of sound wisdom, made shipwreck of their lives. It is seldom safe to write autobiographies, as a man's char acter is not complete until his death. The men who have died in the midst of their labors, full of years and full of honors, are those who possessed the great gift of sound practical wisdom. Common sense is the philosophy of life in harmonious action How to Make a Tailless Kite. The shape of the kite is what the boys call diamond. The cross bar, which in a tail kite of the diamond pattern is straight, should be made of hickory, and bowed by connecting the ends with a taut string. It should then be placed at right angles with the perpendicular stick and fastened se curely, the bend of the bow being back ward from the intersection of the sticks. Run a string around over the end of each stick and cover the frame with light tissue paper. For a four foot kite the perpcn dicular stick should extend three feet be lcw the point of intersection with the bow and one foot above it. The bow should be one and one half feet long on each side of the point of intersection, with the per pendicular stick. The belly cord should be united at the point of intersection, and at the same distance down the perpendic ular stick as the arms of the bow extend on each side of the perpendicular stick. The band is attached at only two points, the point of intersection and at a point below, in the four foot kite mentioned, one and one-half feet below the point of inter section. Tie these two strings together and attach the captive cord, balancing it so that the captive cord shall be exactly opposite the point of intersection, or at right angles with the perpendicular frame. The face of the kite is then convex and the back, of course, concave. If at first you don't succeed try again. It is fun for all •,orts of boys. This form of kite is sometimes very eccentric, and as game as a wily fish. How to Break off Bad Habits. Understand the reason, and all the rea sons, why the habit is injurious. study the subject until there is no lingering doubt in your mind. Avoid the places, the persons, and the thought that leads to temptation. Frequent the places, associate with the persons, indulge in the thoughts that lead away from the temptation. Keep busy ; idleness is the strength of bad habits. Do not give up the struggle when you have broken your resolution once, twice, a thousand times. That only shows how much need there is for you to strive. When you ha7e broken the resolution, just think the matter over, and endeavor to understand why it is you failed, so that you may be on your guard against a recur rence of the same circumstances. Do not think that it is an easy thing that you have undertaken. It is a folly to expect to break off a bad habit in a day, which may Lave been gathering for long years. TEMPERANCE puts wood on the fire, meal in the barrel, money in the purse, credit in the country, contentment in the house, clothes on the bairns, vigor in the body, intelligence in the brain, and spirit in the whole constitution. MAN respires, aspires, conspires and ex pires, Why the Baby Came. Pillowed on flowers, with a half open bud in his tiny hand, the baby lay, a beau tiful image of repose. Nothing could be lovelier than the delicate face s the little lips just parted, the white brow shaded by soft silken curls. There was nothing of the repulsion of death which some people always suffer beside a corpse, to be felt by the most sensitive here As beautiful now as he ever had been in his brief sweet life, the darling seemed to be asleep. But it was a frozen sleep. The strong man, pale with suppressed emotion, was one who had felt the fountains of father hood stirred up for the first time, when the little one uttered his first feeble cry. The mother, leaning on his strength now, because grief had crushed all her own, had been thrilled with the highest joy of womanhood when this nursling was liven her, six months ago. Everything was over now. The little garments must be folded up, and put away, There would be no need of wakening in the night to take care of baby. Baby was gone. The minister said tender words, and prayed a prayer of thankfullness and trust. He had been to so many baby-funerals in the last quarter century during which he had led his flock, the words of comfort came readily to his lips, and he meant them every one. He felt that of such as this wee blossom were the flowers fittest for the kindom of heaven By and by the last rites were perform ed. There was one little mound the more in the cemetery, and one more desolate house in the town. These bereft parents were elect members of the largest house hold under the stars, the household of the mourning. . . . The world is full of sympathetic hearts, but it is full also of hearts that are busied with their own cares and perplexities. There are always many to have a passing and very sincere sorrow for those who have been afflicted, yet after a while, when in the opinion of friends there has been time enough for the recovery of cheerfulness, even relatives and friends begin to chide the persistently sad. "Why did the baby come, if it was so soon to be taken away ?" say these. You may notice that you seldom hear this question from the lips of a mother. She Is glad, away down to the profoundest depths of her wounded heart that she had the child, though it be removed from her arms. She is glad to wear the mother's crown, though it be a crown of thorns. To the inquirer may this answer be made. The baby came for two great rea sons. One was that he might broaden and enlarge the whole life-sweep of all who loved him. Their care for him gave them a comprehension of the mystery of childhood, and a feeling of the Father hood of God, that without him they might never have possessed. The other was that the little spirit, fly jog heavenward, might draw by a slender silver thread, invisible but never slacken ing, the hearts of father and mother, to the land where He dwells, of whom the whole family in heaven and in earth is named. The baby came not in vain. Byron's Island. The castle of Chillon, a thousand years old, and which looks as if it could last a thousand of years still,with its grand archi tecture, its towers and moat, its draw bridge and dungeons, is in itself, apart from its history, one of the most interest ing castles in the world, rivaling in pictur esque beauty the castles of the Rhine. But it was the heroic self sacrifice of Bon ivard to the love of country and of truth in Chillon's dungeon which constitute its true interest, and around which the gen ius of Byron has thrown a halo of glory. The name of Thnivard could never fail to command the admiration of students of history, but it is Byron's "Prisoner of Chillon" (Francois de Bonivard,) which attracts the multitudes as pilgrims to a shrine. Immediately opposite the castle of Chillon is "Byron's Island," a tiny spot, thirty paces long, twenty paces wide, with three small trees, which Bonivard could see from his window—from his silent dun geon lower than the surface of the lake. A small green isle, it seemed no more, Scarce broader than my dungeon floor, But in it there were three small trees, And o'er it blew the mountain breeze, And by it there were waters flowing, And on it there were young trees growing. The little island was a favorite resort of Byron, where he passed whole days, and often the whole night. It is said that the beautiful verses on night, in Canto HI, of "Childe Harold," were the results of a night passed on this island during a thunder storm. Here in this region, beau tiful as a dream, Byron lived for months, winning the affections of all by his genial manners, kind feelings and liberality. The room occupied is still shown to strangers. Madam Pauley, in whose house he dwelt, esteemed him much for his charming man ners, his guineas and his fame, but con sidering him "a kind of fool, who walked the room all night." A Cheerful Home. A single bitter word may disquiet an entire family for a whole day. One surly glance casts a gloom over the household, while a smile, like a gleam of sunshine, may light up the darkest and weariest hours. Like unexpected flowers which spring up along our path, full of fresh- ness, fragrance and beauty, do kind words and gentle acts and sweet dispositions, make glad the home where peace and blessings dwell. No matter how humble the abode. If it is tbus garnished with grace, and sweetened with kindness and smiles, the heart will turn lovingly toward it from all the tumult of the world ; will be the dearest spot beneath the circuit of the sun. And the influences of home per. petuate themselves. The gentle grace of the mother lives in the daughter long after her head is pillowed in the dust of death ; and the father's kindness finds its echo in the nobility and courtesy of sons, who come to wear his mantle and all his place; while on the other hand, from an unhappy, misgoverned and disorded home, go forth persons who shall make other homes mis erable, and perpetuQte the sourness and sadness, the contentions and strifes and railings, which have made their own early lives so wretched and distorted. EVERY day in the week is by different nations devoted to the public celebration of religions services ; Sunday by the Christians, Monday by the Greeks, Tues day by the Persians, Wednesday by the Assyrians, Thursday by the Egyptians, Friday by the Turks, and Saturday by the Jews. BE a philosopher ; but amidst all your philosophy, be still a man. gistor. THE OLD FOOT-PRINTS OF TH RECEDING RED lAN, AND THE EARLY Will-MARKS OF THE COIINGIVIIITE NAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO The Juniata Region. BY PROF. A. L. GUSS, OF HUNTINGDON, PA 'Ti* good to muse on Nations passed away Forever from the land we call our own. ARTICLE VI. AN INGENIOUS CONTRIVANCE. Though we cannot recover the precise date, one thing is certain, the structure of the League is one of the most curious and ingenious civil contrivances that the wit of man ever conceived. The first council fire was kindled on the northern shore of the Onondago lake. It did not embrace all who spake the same family language, and descended from the common stock once said to have centered in the vicinity of Montreal. Its object was of course to se cure eternal peace and strength, and in this way external power and influence. There were fifty Sachemships; nine to the Mohawks ; nine to the Oneidas ; four. teen to the Onondagas; ten to the Cay ugas ; and eight to the Senecas. In the Grand Council, each nation had an equal voice and one vote : and could cast a nega tive on all the others. The League was spoken of as a string of five cabins, one belonging to each tribe, all linked together into one structure, and hence they were the People of the Long House. They were joined together in a compact, so in geniously woven, that during several centu ries, tluy never had any internal feuds or rebellions. This itself proves there must have been something most extraordinary in the character of the League. THE CLANS AND LINE OF RELATIONSHIP. There were among each nation eight sub tribes, or brotherhoods, or clans, named Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Turkey, collectively called FATHERS, and Deer, Snipe, Heron, Hawk collectively called SONS. All mar riages were arranged by 'the women—like hoeing corn, this was one of their inalien able rights With it the men never in terfered, and to it they were taught to submit with becoming grace. No man could have a wife of his own, or any other nation, except she belonged to the class of clans to which he did not. Thus, men who belonged to the class of Fatkers, mar ried into one of the clans of Sons • and the Sons only married with those of the class of Fathers. Thus, Wolf could marry Deer, but not Bear. Hawk could marry Turkey, but not Heron. All the children were the children of the mother—the father was not reckoned in the line of descent. Hence, all children belonged to the tribe of the mother, and hence never to that of the father The transmission of all rights, titles and property, was confined to the fe male line, to the total exclusion of the male. Inheritances were inherent in the tribes or brotherhoods of the mother. A son could not inherit any post of honor, or any property, not even a hatchet, from his father A man's sons not being of his own tribe or clan, and henc:, not heirs, his real heirs were his brothers and his sisters' children. All offices were hereditary in the tribes and clans, and according to their laws no questions ever arose as to the purity of blood. There were many other curious and in teresting features in the League ; but we can not stop here to unfold all its peculi arities—it takes a volume to portray a civil and domestic pality, so entirely at variance with all that we have ever known among other people. A mother's sisters were also reckoned mothers, and their chil dren as brothers and sisters. The moth er's mother was a grandmother, as were also all her sisters. Under this system it requires some ingenuity to decipher at all times what an Iroquois meant when be spoke of his fathers, brothers, cousins, uncles, and grandfathers, for they were re lated by one of these terms to everybody in the nation. The result of the League was that they became emphatically one people, interlinked by a system of most peculiar relationships. It gave them in ternal peace and increase ; and by the ab senee of landed estates, the selfish desires of personal gain and family aggrandize meat; so that it soon developed a spirit of conquest, such as to make nation after na tion, even those of kindred blood, yield, one after another, to their victorious arms. They became noted fur their hardihood, sagacity and courage ; and they reared a mighty empire over extirpated nations. Of some of these conquests, we have pretty good accounts ; of others, only vague tra ditions, and of others, not even this; but analogy and certain remains, applied to our geography, prove still others in the pre historic ages We will consider some of these by and by. NUMERICAL STRENGTH OF THE IROQUOIS' As to the numerical strength of the Iroquois, it is of course hard to tell. Ac cording to the French, they had 2200 war riors in the year 1660. This same esti mate was confirmed by an English agent, sent among them for that purpose, in 1677. DeNonville, who wait-, an expedition against them in 1687, had a year or two previous, estimated them as follows : Mo hawks, 200 men ; Oneyoust, Oneidas, 150 men ; Onontague, Onondagas, 300 men ; Goyoguoain, Cayugas, 200 men; Sonante wans, Senecas, 1200 men, total, 2050 fighting men. It is probable that the Iro quois were in the height of their prosperity in 1650, and that they had a population of 25,000. In 1750 they were reduced one half. A century later, 1850, the scattered remnants were about 7,000. The causes of their destruction may be comprised in the terms "firearms and fire-water." The gap between their condition and our civi lization was too great for them to step over at once They fell in the chasm and sunk. They contracted the white man's vices, and failed to adopt his virtues. To this, we may add the separation of the "Praying Indians," of which there were 3,000 living on the St. Lawrence in 1754. The final catastrophe was hastened at the time of the Revolutionary war, when all except the Oneidas espoused the cause of Great Britain. TRADITIONS OF THE DELAWARES. The traditions of the Delawares, as given by Hackewelder, a Moravian missionary among them, are that many centuries ago, their ancestors were migrating eastward through the far distant western wilds, in search of a land to which they were di rected by the Great Spirit. As they came to the river of fish, Namoesi•Sipu, Missis sippi, they fell in with the Iroquois, whom they called MENGWE. Together they crossed the river, and drove southward the Allegewi or Allegans, whom they found east of the river in the Ohio valley. They are the people after whom the river and mountains were named Allegheny. The Mengwe occupied the regions of the lakes, while the Lenni Lanape tribes lived south of them. Finally, they crossed the moun tains, leavinc , large portions of their people behind, on both sides of the Mississippi. In this way they found their promised land, on the Delaware river, and lived many years in peace with the Mengwe north of them. In the process of time, however, they became enemies, and for many years devastating wars ensued At last, being hard pressed, the Iroquois formed a confederacy of five of their na tions, who soon began to carry their victo rious arms in every direction, The pro• jector of this union was an aged Mohawk, named Thannawage They were governed by a central council, convened es occasion required, in a house in the tribe of the Onondagas. We give this outline of this story for what it is worth. Portions of it sound as very probably true. Mach more is related of them by Hackewelder in their relations to the Iroquois, but most of the severe reflections from this source are like those from the French, and must be re• ceived with caution. YA3fOYDEN. MOHAWK TRADITIONS. Must of the Iroquois tribes claimed to be genuine autochthons; but the traditions of the Mohawks, whioh seem to be entitled to considerable credit, say that they were originally one people, (as indeed their lan guage proves them to have been,) and that they lived north of the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, where they had many conflicts in an effort to gain their independence from the Adirondacks ; and failing in this, were compelled to seek a home south of the lakes, passing there by mesas of the Oswego river. Here they flourished, and in time increased and began to divide in tribes. Once the Oneidas and the Onon dagas were one; so, likewise, the Senecas and Cayugas.• After some time they had internal dissensions among their own tribes, which threatened their extermination, as well as frequent devastating wars with the surrounding Algonquin. tribes. At length, the Five Nations joined in forming a League for mutual peace and external pro tection. THE GENUINE AUTOCHTHONB. Most of the Iroquois, however, claimed to have sprung from the ground where they lived. Lot , kiel:says : "They say them selves, that they have sprung and grown up in that very place, like the very trees of the wilderness" One of their chiefs said, in 1744: "Oar ancestors cane oat of this very ground, and their children have remained here ever since." Some would explain these words as a figurative expression, denoting nothing more than their very extremely remote origin; so that they regarded themselves to be like the plants, indigenous to the soil. But we believe they meant just what they said. The idea is not a new one. The Athenians were firm in their belief, that they were autochthons, and from them we have this word, meaning from the ground itself.— There had never been, said they, any im migration into their country. There never was a time that their anoestors were not there; and, therefore, like their streams, when followed to their source, they came out of the ground. So, the Iroquois con ceived that the Creating Power, whoa he made the world, caused them to spring up, just as he did the trees, and being thus first created they were the chief of all In dians. After all, the idea is not so far from the account given us by Moses. CAPT. SMITH AND THE MESSAWOMACB. In the year 1608, Capt. John Smith, the father of Jamestown, Va., the first permanent English settlement in America, spent several months in exploring the Chesapeake Bay. He made a map of it, which was published in his book in 1624, and was a model for all subsequent maps. He was probably the first white man ever in Pennsylvania. One day, while on an exploring tour, he mot, as the mouth of the Susquehanna, seven canoes loaded with Indians, called Aiessawomacs, whither they had come to strike their enemies in the rear. It was during an excursion up the Rappahannock, a few weeks before this, that he first heard of the Messawomacs. In that exploring expedition he had a skirmish with some Monahoacs, and had taken a brother of one of their chiefs a prisoner. He asked the prisoner, why they attacked the English. He replied, that it was because his nation bad heard that the English came from under the world, to take their world from them. Being asked of how many worlds he knew, he said he knew of but one, which was under the sky that covered him, and it consisted of-the Powhatans, the Manakins and the ifessawomers. Being questioned about the latter, he said that they dwelt on a great water in the nortb, hod that they had so many boats, and so many men, that they waged war with all the rest of the world. WHO WERE THEY? Bancroft, and nearly all other historians, have taken the position that these Mes sawomacs were the Iroquois ; and that thus early did the English come in contact with them. The dwelling iu the north on a great water, is regarded as iroof that they were Iroquois. Gen. John S Clark, of Auburn, N. Y., regards this as a popular error ; and that the Massawomeks were not Iroquois; that Smith locates them, on his map, es beyond the mountains, to the west, from where he saw them. Their name seems derived from Miss', great, and OMA, water ; and that their Great Water was none other than lake Erie. When Smith left them they passed up the Patapsco river at Baltimore. Gen. Clark thinks that as Pennsylvania was inhabited at that time, by a people more numerous than the Five Nations, it appears absurd to enter tain the idea that they would pass through the territories of their most mortal enemies to make war in that quarter. Drake in• fers, (from Smith's map, we presume,) that the Massawomes, were "formerly a very warlike nation in what is now Kentucky." The subject furnishes food for speculative controversy. The idea that they were Mohawks, as commonly given, is to say the least, very doubtful. It would, indeed, throw much light on interior American Iroquois history, if it could be shown that their war parties were on the Chesapeake in 1608 As the early maps were so no toriously inaccurate as to the unvisited in terior, it does not seem to us that the di rection in which Smith located the Messa womacs, on his map, can be relied upon, in a region far beyond his explorations. It was not till a century after Smith that even the Ohio river was laid down, and the Niagara Falls do not appear till 1721. If they came from Lake Erie, as Gen. Clark supposes, the same difficulties present themselves as in the case of the Mohawks. ' NO. 20. (To b. Conti*med.)
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers