EDITOR'S NOTE-—~When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of the news analyst, and mot necessarily of the newspaper. Domestic In 1787 the constitutional conven- tion wiped out trade barriers be- tween states. Since then financially pressed commonwealths have sought to protect their own tradesmen and taxpayers from competition with non-residents by licensing, inspec- tion, labeling and a host of similar regulations. By 1939 the barriers have grown so high that Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace claims it causes an incalculable eco- nomic loss to the nation. Forward- ing a report by the bureau of agri- cultural economics, Secretary Wal- lace made these charges: (1) New York city’s inspection requirements bar milk and cream SECRETARY WALLACE He would hurdle the barriers. from points west of the New York and Pennsylvania state lines, there- by raising prices on the metropoli- tan market. (2) Trucking ‘‘wars’ thrive in Arizona, Kansas, Oklahoma, Wy- oming, Colorado, Georgia, Missouri, Maine and South Dakota, where re- strictions are imposed against trucks from neighboring states. (3) Many states virtually bar ing unique trading, of . . other impositions.” Though the administration has states themselves, there is little rea- system, or labor hand-in-hand a selfish interest. interstate commerce of motor vehi- cles. The proposed plan: A vehi- cle properly registered in its home state and with the interstate com- merce commission would be exempt from further registration. Europe The Ides of March brought dis- aster for Julius Caesar. The same Ides were scheduled by European observers to bring 1939 disaster to England and France via (1) conclu- sion of the Spanish war, (2) Italian territorial demands against France, and (3) a subsequent impasse in which London and Paris could choose between appeasing the Rome-Berlin axis or going to war, The two major hitches in this schedule came in Spain, where Loy- alists did not capitulate as expected following the surrender of Barce- lona, and in the Vatican, where Pope Pius XI died. Obviously Italy could not free her hands for demands against France until she could with- draw troops from Rebel Spain. The pontiff’s death brought a respectful pause in diplomatic warfare, cou- pled with international conjecture over the choice of his successor. Whether the axis ever had a “plan” for March is questionable, but certainly the natural course of events would have brought a crisis. Today's most moot question in Eu- rope is whether the unforeseen delay may not weaken the Rome-Berlin position. Speeding rearmament, forcing Germany into world trade submission, pledging aid to France, Great Britain has emerged a much Briefly Opposed, double movie fea- tures, by the National Motion Pic- ture Research Council. Scheduled, to start May 12, non-stop pickup and delivery air- mail service in 55 Pennsylvania, Delaware, West Virginia and Ohio towns, Predicted, for elevation to the college of cardinals, Msgr. Ste- phen J. Donahue, administrator of the archdiocese of New York. Won, by India's Mahatma Gandhi, a major political victory by his four-day ‘fast unto death.” Reversed, by Nazi Germany, an earlier order curtailing Jew- ish participation in business, ne- cessitated by labor shortage. SHH stronger power the last 30 days. One idea of the crisis-to-come has been offered by Journal Des Debats, conservative Paris newspaper. The alleged plan, which Berlin described as ‘ridiculous and laughable’: Fas- cist states (Germany, Italy and Ja- pan) would diffuse trouble for de- mocracies throughout the world, part of that campaign being Tokyo's recent seizure of Hainan island in defiance of France. Other troubles would include Italy's Mediterranean demands and agitation against Brit- ain in already troublesome Palestine and Syria. This done, and mobili- zation completed, Adolf Hitler would make a ‘‘great speech” setting forth ultimatums, shocking the world next day by making ‘‘terri- torial security’’ marches into Hol- land and Switzerland. This done, London and Paris would be given their choice of capitulating or watching Holland and Switzerland remain under Nazi domination. Housing Despite federal stimulus, home building has remained at low ebb since 1929, providing a good index of the times. In 1837 a hinted up- trend was cut short by rising ma- terial costs and labor troubles, But by the current spring U. S. housing has reached such deplorable shape that renewed building activity is in- evitable. Some idea of the industry's expec- tations has been voiced by L. Seth Schnitman, consulting economist and member of the army industrial college, who predicts the greatest residential building volume since 1929. Activity for the first three months of this year is 75 per cent greater than during the comparable period last year, representing total expenditures of $325,000,000. Housing experts agree the initial stimulus was given by New York's Bowery savings bank, whith recent- ly cut about one-seventh in the in- terest rate for mortgage money on Federal Housing administration in- sured home mortgages. Picked up by other New York banks, then spreading westward across the country, the plan has given impetus to investment building operations, From mid-May to mid-June, Great Elizabeth will be guests of the North American continent on a junket which most good Americans regard as a simple, friendly gesture. But being shipped 180 miles under pro- test to curtsy before their queen. From June 8 to 11 the royal party U. 8. Because the ter about “democratic solidarity,” than one writer has tried to place the prime minister in a difficult position. A by one Peter Howard in Lord Beaverbrook’s Daily Express: ‘Now the royal visit puts Chamber- lain himself on trial. If it succeeds Chamberlain goes up. If it fails he goes down." What Englishmen mean by ‘‘suc- cess’ or “failure” of the American visit was finally brought into fairly close focus, but it still remained a doubtful quantity. Probable mean- ing: The visit will “fail” if U. 8. citizens get the impression that King George and Queen Elizabeth are making a begging expedition to gain American aid in pulling England's chestnuts out of the European fires. Defense Six thousand airplanes would ef- fectively darken the sky. Nose to nose, they would reach 45 miles; wing to wing, 52 miles. To build and maintain 6,000 planes, plus person- nel and equipment, would cost about $300,000,000. Authorization for such a U. 8S. army air force has already passed through congress and the ap- propriation will follow close on its heels. This done, American avia- tion will be in good shape. But even today both army and navy boast new accomplishments: Army. Principal delight of Maj. Gen. H. H. Arnold, chief of the army air corps, is the five-man, twin-engined, high speed ‘‘Airacu- da,” designed by 34-year-old Robert J. Woods after he “consolidated” the ideas of 500 army experts and 45 civilian engineers, draftsmen and engineers. Features of the Aira- cuda: Tremendous cruising range, two anti-aircraft cannon, four ma- chine guns and aerial bombs which explode like anti-aircraft shells when dropped near enemy planes. General Arnold's opinion: “It's the most striking example of airplane development of the past year, any- where in the world. Navy. In choppy Carribean seas some 600 navy planes—one-third the entire force — recently provided “eyes” for U. 8S. battlewagons solv- ing Fleet Problem XX. One spec- tator, President Roosevelt, watched the conduct of these planes and re- portedly asserted the U. 8. had na- val air forces as good or better than any other. Said Adm. William D. Leahy, chief of naval operations: “The performance was the best I ever saw. They carried out their without an accident.” Congress Most Americans do not realize that the bulk of New Deal reform measures have been adopted in one form or another. But practically everyone realizes the cost of re- form has been tremendous, that the public debt now stands at $40,000,- 000,000, that the treasury has a cur- rent deficit of $2,200,000,000, With re- form achieved, President Roosevelt is willing to join conservatives in two mutually desired ambitions, bal- ancing the budget and helping busi- ness get back on its feet. Chief arguments concern the method. New Dealers, whose pro- gram is voiced by Secretary of Com- merce Harry Hopkins, move oppressive taxes and hope that the resultant boom would swell federal coffers, balancing the budg- et without eliminating ‘‘necessary’’ activities, Most businessmen and many congressmen would take an additional step—economy. Total 1939-40 budget estimates are 000,000 deficit and zooming the pub- lic debt smack against its legal debt limit of $45,000,000,000—unless congress raises the limit. Far from willing to raise it, or even to ap- prove the new budget, congressional Republicans have found strong sup- port in rebellious Democrats. Their spokesman is Mississippi's Sen. Pat Harrison, who came out for a flat 10 per cent budget cut and a warn- ing: “The country's credit is good and I don’t think we have reached the debt danger point, but the stop- look-and-listen sign is up . . . A lot of this emergency stuff could be cut, and I'm in favor of cutting.” Senator Harrison has already found support in two studies: Brookings. Surveying the new gov- ernmental reorganization bill (to consolidate and abolish executive agencies for the sake of economy and efficiency), Washington's thor- ough-searching Brookings institution claimed it was ill-conceived, that no economies would result. Of 132 agencies listed for reorganization, only 54 require legislative authority, and no legislation is necessary un- less congress wants to ‘‘give the President authority to make laws by executive order.” Suggestions: (1) Prune all present activities ‘‘rig- orously;"” (2) develop a ““more con- sistent” program. National Economy League. Rea- son for this survey was that ‘before lasting recovery and increased em- ployment can be a reality . . . all SENATOR HARRISON Time to stoplook-and-listen? The plan: Reduce next $£500,000,000. Comparative budgets (000,000 omitted): President's League Expenditure Bedget Budget $1 Sav. ing 431 Relief $2,040 Public works Social security “vad AAA iM “i 418 Defense Interest Veterans All other saan saEsane $1,708 Net deficit LM... *Assumes business improvement trom pared budget. So potent are economy's new friends that the administration may well find its cautious business-woo- ing program a boomerang. Wading half way across the pond of concilia- tion when opinion favored a com- plete passage, Mr. Roosevelt has been left behind and confronted with charges of insincerity because Har- ry Hopkins—the man who started his program-—would need business’ support to win the 1940 nomination. Headliners MARSHAL HENRI PETAIN The *““hero of Verdun’ emerges from retirement to serve France PELs in another crisis. % Now 82, Marshal Henri Petaln has been named am- bassador to new- ly reorganized In- surgent Spain in an obvious ges- ture to win Gen. Francisco Fran- co's friendship by + gmotional appeal, : any years ago, M. Petain as instructor in the French war college, Mar- shal Petain instructed Spain's new iron man, himself a famous Twentieth century militarist. Later, in 1925-26, Marshal Petain joined forces with Franco in lead- ing the expedition that defeated Abd El Krim, Riff leader in Mo- rocco. Petain also went to Ma- drid and negotiated an agreement with the governor of Premier Prima de Rivera. $ WASHINGTON. — The dictionary defines the word, “confidence,” as meaning: ‘trust in, or reliance | upon, another; a belief in a person | or a thing.” The dictionary might well have added that confidence is something quite intangible but yet | it is a condition of national or state | thought about its governmental poli- | cies as well as a condition of indi- | vidual thought. It might have add- destroyed more easily than it can be maintained, or recreated when it | once has been destroyed. In any event, the thing about | which we have heard most in Wash- ington lately is the necessity for es- tablishing a feeling throughout the country. The neces- sity exists, it is explained freely, because the and millions of persons, who would like to work, are not working. In | some places, where political face- saving is important, the movement is called ‘business appeasement,” but that is a difference between tweedle-dee and tweedle-dum. It re- mains as an effort to recreate made available again for all of the people. All of this is only a prelude to the declaration that: teeth with a determination that in- dicates rather a unified effort to re- store the country's confidence. It apparently is going to guide the pol- icies and work out solutions for the various problems that are viewed as destructive of a feeling of assurance among the bulk of the people. In other words, congress seems to have assumed a leadership in national life that it has not had in recent years, and is moving sincerely to bring back prosperity. President Hoover's Plans Wrecked by Stock Market velopment that has both political rather a wandering trail. It had its headwaters back in 1930 and 1831, when Herbert Hoover, then Presi- | dent, sought to stem the tide of Washington for consultation. He Those were days, it will be recalled when *“‘prosperity was just around | the corner.” Mr. Hoover wanted to some use. Well, ment that there was no possibility of recreating it. The folks simply would not believe in him, nor in any of his works at that time, Along came the elections of 1932 and Mr. Roosevelt took over the ! no man ever had the complete con- dent held it. told, thereafter. Of course, there were ups and downs but the scene was dominated by the personality of | Mr. Roosevelt, a condition that con- tinued through about six years. That brings us to the mistakes in politics which Mr. Roosevelt made in 1938—reorganization of the gov- ernment, proposed expanding of the ! Supreme court by appointment of six justices of his own choosing, charges that business leaders were attempting to submarine the New Deal policies and destroy the Roose- velt administration. This was the beginning. In quick succession, there came important gains for the Republicans in the 1838 elections, fear among many old line Demo- | erats that their seats in congress | were being jeopardized by mistakes | of various New Deal agencies and | laws, and in general a doubt that | their party should be allowed to re- | main under New Deal leadership. | Old-Line Democrats Decide | To Assume Leadership And I believe it is the latter con- dition of belief among the old line Democrats that is chiefly responsi- ble for the sudden blossoming of congressiornl determination to take leadership. Some observers hold the conviction that many members of the house and senate feel they should protect their own hides and that, to accomplish this, they must as- sume national leadership instead of leaving the policies to be theorized and blue-printed by such as Jerome Frank, Thurmond Arnold, Tommy Corcoran, Secretary Ickes, and oth- ers of that type. That is only say- ship. Only recently, it may be recalled, that business would have nc new dently about the future. Others, re- Hopkins and Sec- ding pieces of an as- Ickes suring nature, This is the same Mr, Hopkins who used to be head of the relief spending. What happened? The stock mar- ket that ruined Mr. Hoover's ad- ministration showed its confidence in the new statements of 1039 with only a little less feeling than it did in the years when prosperity was just around the corner. The market dipped down only a few days, but if the stock market can be regarded stock market must have said, “‘pfooey."” Anyway, there arose immediately the new and very potent movement in congress for a program of ‘““busi- ness appeasement.” One of the first Harrison, Mississippi Democrat and one of the really pow- tion of spending. Or, specifically, Senator Harrison demanded a cur- tailment of spending, a start toward a balancing of the national budget, in the belief that the whole country is fearful of the gigantic national debt. Shows Days of Rubber Stamp Congress Are Gone The foreign policies of the admin- istration were dragged out onto the floor of the senate for examination the senate did not force any real change in the international relations which Mr. Roosevelt has estab- From long observation in it ob- the rubber stamp congress are gone, and it constitutes another bit of evi- dence of the new Washington leader- ship. The real demonstration of congres- sional vitality, however, came the as chairman of the senate finance and Representative Carolina, as chairman of the house committee on ways and means, joined in a letter to Secretary Morgenthau, request- ing a treasury statement on a tax The two congressional leaders urged a new and sound tax program and an administration re- of business to the end that business What they were asking, therefore, were some could give business, great or small, a feeling of confi- dence that the government at Wash- ington would quit pulling hair, It was a natural request of the The treasury always has provided the fundamentals of every Capitol Hill had read “no new taxes’ cerning as mean- the tax structure, however, and there were a good many legislators tion of other, taxes were advisable. Congress Will Go Slow on There are numerous signs that congress is not going to be in any hurry at all to pass a law that will allow an increase in the total na- tional debt. Present law provides that the treasury may issue notes and bonds up to $45,000,000,000. The current total is not so far below that figure, and Secretary Morgenthau has asked congress to boost the limit to $50,000,000,000. Congress appar- ently is not so sure that there should be an increase in the debt limit. It is a type of confidence—rather, a lack of confidence-—that is plainly visible. I believe the debt total will have to be increased because there is no provision made for enough taxes to offset the vast spending pro- gram for relief and national defense upon which Mr. Roosevelt has launched. There is no place to get that money, therefore, except by borrowing. So about the only good that can come from congressional barking on this score is to awaken the country as to the dangers of its great national debt. From all of these things, one is pretty likely to get the hebeejeebees. One can hardly help wondering where we are headed. But it seems to me that there probably is need for a confidence that thus far has not been mentioned in this discus- sion. This is a confidence in funda- mental Americanism. The voters of the country can compel sound gov- ernment on the part of those who make the policies and, on the sur- face, it appears now that the voters are telling congress what to do. © Western Newspaper Union, Rabid Dogs Do Net Aveid Water Needle Weaving for Blue Luncheon Set By RUTH WYETH SPEARS i“. EAR MRS, SPEARS: | had been wanting some really handsome velvet roses to pep up an evening dress. 1 was thrilled to find in your Book 2, instruc- tions for making them from ma- terials 1 already had. 1 would also like to thank you for the knitted rag rug in Book 1. My | Mother spent many happy hours | making it last winter.” “1 thought you might be inter- ested in a luncheon set 1 have just finished, It was planned to go wii NEEDLE UNDER STITCHES, I THEN WORK OVER AND = . J UNDER THREADS AT A~ BUTIONMOLL Tel E00 STA FEE { #4 “ust WEsTRY MEOLL- LCLIP AND DRA. OUT FABRIC THREADS with a set of blue dishes. are four mats and a long run in medium blue linen witl of old fashioned needle in darker blue across Just two edges of the napkins are banded with the weaving.’ We can imagine how attract the table must be set with ti mats and the blue dis of you who have pink d igh like to try the same idea in tones of rose. Use a rather coarse lin- en. Prepare the work for the weaving by drawing out the fabric threads as for hemstitching. Each step is shown here in the diagram. Either linen or mercerized em- broidery thread may be used. Sewing Book No. 2, Gifts, Nov- elties and Embroideries, contains 48 pages of step-by-step directions which helped thousands of women, If your home is your hobby you will also want Book 1— SEWING, for the Home Decora- tor. Order by number, enclosin 25 cents for each book. order both books, copy of the new Rag Rug Leaflet will be included free. Those who have both books may secure leaflet for 6 cents in postage. Address Mrs. Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, IL RUESTION You never seem to have a cold, Ethel. RSWER Perhaps I'm just lucky. But I always use Luden’s at the first sign. They contain an alkaline factor, you know. LUDEN'S 5° MENTHOL COUGH DROPS weavin the ends. hes m avr nave Up to You! not ture, she hath + nau « An Wye Fuend Lira? r 0 thou but thine! Accuse done her -Bacon. NERVOUS? Do you feel so nervous you want to scream? Are you cross and irritable? Do you scold those dearest to you? If your nerves are on edge and you feel og need a good general system tonic, U ydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compoun made especially for women. For over 60 years one woman hus told an- other how to go “smiling thru” with reliable Pinkham's Compound. It helps nature build up more physical resistance and thus helps calm quivering nerves and lessen discomforts from annoying symptoms which often ac ompany female functional disorders. Why not give it a chance to help YOU? Over one million women have written in reporting wonderful benefits from Pinkham's Compound. Destitute He who has lost confidence can lose nothing more.—Boiste. Don’t Aggravate Gas Bloating I your GAS BLOATING fa osused by eonstipation don't expect to get the relief you sock by just doctoring Xour stomach, What you peed is the DOUBLE ACTION Adlerika, This 35-year-old remed BO earminative and Words without thought never ta heaven go.—Shakespeare. 666 <5: BALYRINOSE 20c & 25¢ Dogs with rabies do not aveid wa- ter, although this erroneous opinion | is common among the laity. Mad dogs are often very fond of water and will rush into it, thrusting their heads and with, great difficulty. Rabid dogs have been known to swim streams in their rovings.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers