POLAND GERMANY CZECHO-SLOVAKIA HUNGA RUSSIA Germany promises to let Poland share in Pau-Uk- rainian conquest. Germany demands Crecho- Slovakia join German. Italo-Jep anti-Communist pact. Hungary joins anti-com- \, ~~ ITALY S\JuGOSLAVIA munist pact under Nazi pressure. Italy wins Jugoslavian friendship by mediating in Hungarian dispute. Britain. (See EUROPE.) EDITOR'S NOTE-—When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of the news analyst, and not necessarily of the newspaper, Europe Except for Spain, January found all Europe immersed in an ominous calm broken only by occasional un- der-cover whispers among democra- cies on one side and dictators on the other. Europe was a theater and Spain was its stage. By the end of the month the play on Spain’s stage was definitely approaching its climax because Fascist-subsidized Rebels had put the communistic Loyalist government to flight at Bar- celona. This marked the beginning of Loyalist Spain's end, soon to leave both Italy and Germany free to press new demands against Britain and France. The reason for this embarrassing situation is that Europe’s democra- cies have followed a policy of non- intervention in Spain, declining to admit that non-intervention is really a disguise for the now-discredited policy of dictator appeasement. Re- gardless of the moral issues re- portedly involved in Spain's war, London and Paris must now realize that their mistake has not been the refusal to side with Loyalists against the Rebels, but rather their permit- ting Germany and Italy to aid the Insurgents. The result is that Fas- cist nations now control Spain. France is therefore surrounded on three sides by potentially hostile na- tions, while the Mediterranean be- comes predominantly dictator-con- trolled. Spain's war is not finished, but it has been sufficiently localized to free Mussolini's hands for other pur- suits. Almost every competent Eu- ropean observer has predicted a new crisis following Barcelona's col- lapse and the whispers throughout Europe have backed up that pre- diction. is the assurance that any resultant conflict will be localized. This means peventing huge, mysterious Russia from aiding Britain and France. Therefore Rome and Berlin have quietly established a solid bloc of “neutral” states reaching from the Baltic to the Adriatic (see map), which will stand as sentinels against Russian aggression while Italy and Germany turn their backs to face France and Britain. The new crisis will center around Italian demands against France, though it may be enlarged through new declarations by Chancellor Hit- ler. Italy wants Tunisia (enabling her to blockade the Mediterranean), control of the Suez canal, and owner- ship of the Djibouti-Addis Ababa railroad (providing an outlet from Ethiopia). These demands are vital to Britain, because Italian control of the Mediterranean might cut off London's “lifeline” to India and the east. Probable dictator strategy will be for Germany to assure France she will not help Italy, thereby en- couraging Britain to stand aloof. Then Germany would aid Italy in a possible war just as she has aided Rebel Spain, with “volunteers.” Whether London and Paris will wait for such an eventuality is another matter. Thoroughly scared by re- ports that joint Italo-German de- mands will be voiced by Chancellor Hitler before the Reichstag, by Ital- ian mobilization of her 1908 army class, by threatened German mobi- lization of 1,500,000 men by Febru- ary 15, the two democracies are be- ginning to wake up. Encouragingly, Great Britain has begun an intensive army recruiting campaign. But al- most completely offsetting this prac- tical step is the report that Prime Minister Chamberlain will soon in- vite Hitler, Mussolini and French Premier Daladier to a new ‘“Mu- nich’ conference, there to buy peace with more concessions, Chile Earthquakes usually come when sea bottoms sink, forcing up moun- tainous areas and jarring the land for miles around. Squeezed along the rocky west coast of South Amer- ica, Chile has often such phenomena but never in such disastrous fashion as the earthquake which recently struck a zone 450 miles long and 100 miles deep. For newly inaugurated President Pedro Aguirre Cerdo, reportedly Fascist bent, it presented the worst initia- tion under fire ever experienced by any Western hemisphere chief exec- utive. Total fatalities, which prob- ably will never be determined, run from 8,000 to 11,000. Injuries run into even more thousands. Faced with a stupendous reconstruction job which will require several years, Chile will probably need all outside financial assistance available to Congress Last summer, Rep. Martin Dies and his committee on un-American- ism unearthed dirt concerning Har- ry Bridges, west coast labor leader who is not a naturalized citizen but nevertheless guides the destinies of many American laboring men as an unofficial mogul of John Lewis’ C, I. O. This put Madame Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins on the spot, because the Dies committee claimed Harry Bridges was an alien and a Communist, that he advocated overthrowing the government by J. PARNELL THOMAS California also spoke up. force and that he had made dispar- aging remarks about the President of the U. S. Secretary Perkins has failed to give Dies committeemen what they consider a satisfactory answer. Her claim: That a court ruling is now pending on whether membership in the Communist party is a deporta- ble offense. Not since 1876 has an attempt been made to impeach a cabinet member, but that has not stopped one Dies committeeman from set- ting a modern precedent. New Jer- sey's Rep. J. Parnell Thomas has introduced a resolution calling for an investigation to determine wheth- peached, along with Immigration Commissioner James L. Houghtel- ing and Labor Department Solicitor Gerard D. Reilly. That Madame Perkins’ unaggres- sive interest in the Bridges deporta- tion case is not popular has been in- dicated at Sacramento, Calif., where the state legislature may ask her for an immediate report on Mr. Bridges’ citizenship status. So far as he had determined, said Assem- blyman C. Don Field, the labor lead- er has twice taken out naturaliza- tion papers but has failed to file them in the required time. Aviation Man's top running speed is 21.7 miles per hour; horse's, 45.1; train's, 127.1; boat's, 130.9; automo- bile’'s, 357.5, and airplane's, 440.6, But at Buffalo, N. Y., a pursuit monoplane being built for the French government has broken the old airplane record by about 150 m. p. h. With motor wide open but engine speed held down (by an elec- trically controlled propellor), H. Lloyd Child began diving at 22,000 feet, holding his vertical descent until he reached 9,000 feet. The graph chart chalked up his speed until it reached 575 m. p. h., then moved off the paper. Landing with no ill effects, Child estimated he had flown at 600 m. p. h. Since air reacts like solid matter at just over 600 m. p. h., scientists explained that Child had probably traveled fast as a modern plane could ever £0. White House This year's congress was adver- tised as highly independent, prob- ably ready to fight any proposal coming from the White House. But within three weeks after congress opened President Roosevelt had ap- parently introduced the bulk of his legislative program and could ex- pect favorable action on most of it: Defense. His $552,000,000 emer- gency two-year program is moving slowly but certainly, aided by war clouds over Europe and Asia. Social Security. Broad revisions and extensions will probably be ap- proved, though congress may de- mand an accounting on the huge so- cial security reserve fund. Reorganization. Defeated last year by Republicans and insurgent Dem- ocrats, governmental reorganization is again being broached in the house by Missouri's Rep. John J. Cochran. Since this year’s anti- administration bloc is bigger than 1938’s, reorganization is probably doomed for failure. Public Health. Already intro- duced is the national health program bill, to be paid for jointly by states and the U. S. First year's federal appropriation would be about $50,- 000,000. Eventually the total annual cost to state and federal govern- ments would be $900,000,000. Aided by growing public health conscious- ness, the bill is expected to pass. Railroads. The White House has introduced no bill, but has given its blessing to railroad relief measures introduced by California’s Rep. Clarence Lea and Montana's Sen. Burton K. Wheeler. Since rail relief is an established need, not a politi- cal question, it is being justified on the bases of national defense, public safety and national economics. Monetary Powers. The White House will probably be granted con- tinuation of the treasury's currency stabilization fund, wh ortedly netted a neat profit last year, and the presidential power to further de- value the dollar, which cong does not think has been abu Only stumbling block is that stabili- zation fund operations have been se- cret, which congress does not like. Communications. Not vital, but a White House fetish, is interest in the federal communications commission which President Roosevelt would like reorganized this session. His purposes: To improve FCC's legal framework and administrative ma- chinery. If congress gets time, this will probably be approved. Taxation. Legislation to permit reciprocal taxation of federal, state and municipal bonds and salaries, now exempt, is apt to be adopted in the face of strong state and mu- nicipal opposition to the bond ex- emption feature, Labor Last year Homer Martin, p dent of C. I. O.’s United Automobile Workers of America, quarreled with his vice presidents. President John L. Lewis of C. 1. O. stepped in, ap- pointing Vice Presidents Sidney Hill- man and Phillip Murray as media- tors. But 18 of U. A. W.'s 24 board members were anti-Martin men and early last month they voted to strip him of power. Reason: Mr. Martin had been consorting secretly with Harry Bennett, personnel director only W. auto manufacturer. C. 1. O. chieftains thought Mr. Mar- tin was playing for personal control over the huge Ford labor vote. The upshot has been C. 1. O's re- fusal to recognize Mr. Martin as head of U. A. W., followed next day by Mr. Martin's resignation from C. 1. O.’s executive board with the charge that Mr. Lewis has “per- sonal ambitions and a dictator com- plex.” The outcome of this scrap will be settled at a Martin-sponsored election March 4, and a C. I. O.- sponsored election 20 days later. Un- U. A. W.S HOMER MARTIN He resigned and was fired. til then, no one knows who controls U. AW While this row has made big head- lines, observers are prone to dis- miss the possibility that it may indi- cate a collapse of C. I. O. More likely it is an internal squabble, If the anti-Martin majority of 18-6 on U. A. W.'s executive board is any criterion, U. A. W. will remain pro- C. I. O. under a new president. People James 8S. Douglas, father of one- time U. S. Budget Director Lewis W. Douglas, has renounced U. 8S. citizenship to return to his boyhood home of Quebec. Reason: Abhor- rence of recent American govern- mental trends, WASHINGTON. — It always has been my conviction that the Ameri- can people will find a sound answer to every national problem, if they | are given the facts and the time to | figure out what those facts mean. { They may be swayed temporarily; they may be led or herded or threat. ened and these conditions may put them in a wrong spot temporarily, time, the national lusion, collective thinking, sound lines. They are demonstrating things as a fact, no doubt about it. years, a considerable Cong will be along these again, For five or six majority of the theory of spending ourselves of the depression. It was sound course, obviously, but mt was made to do a lot of ta money in billions talk. Lately, however, hs ican thinking has been carryin majority back to normal und standing, and the influence of spen ing by the federal government is sagging, dis } an of evidence to show a definite that f sort of is a determination plenty of is quite determina quit there circle of New Dealers. is this true in the halls of congress where, unless there is an quake, many important steps will be taken by senators and repre- sentatives in the direction of sound- er government fing The old a familiar Americ traits of initia- tive, of saving, of living within one’s income, are yming to the surface very rapidly and the restoration of these traits to places of respecta- bility in American life flected on capitol hill in Washington, ance. Opposition to Philosophy Of Spending Breaks Loose It will be recalled how the osevelt's pl howed iVE 950,000,000 off of the deficiency appropriation. Mr. R« omplished despite ng stories fre fi m oil nistration ny of the requested fund nean suffering, maybe star- I maybe quick death, for y thousands of persons. Well, majority of them) did not believe os “i start at cutting governmental spending. They gave an indication at the same time that there must be a general revision of the federal of the unemployed. frequent expressions that congress the administration thought necessa- ry to maintain relief until the end of next June. But profligate spend- ing had used up the money and the for more. quite acrimonious and various charges were hurled that the relief i officials had tried again to “buy” the election, that being why funds ran short, through with the relief bill, the op- ponents of spending in the senate started after the appropriation. | There were many in that body who | wanted to appropriate only for two months, proposing that in the mean- | time there should be a brand new relief setup devised. But the ma- jority sentiment was swayed by the general argument that, whatever the shortcomings of the Harry Hop- kins relief methods, poor people should not be made the goats; it was no fault of the unemployed who needed help that Mr. Hopkins, now the secretary of commerce, had made a mess of the relief program. Beginning Only Foretaste Of What Is Coming While it seems that a cut of $150,- 000,000—which is about one-fifth the amount asked — represents some- thing substantial, this beginning is only a foretaste of what is com- ing. The spenders have had their innings for five or six years, or since Mr. Roosevelt's “economy act” of 1933 was abandoned as a pattern of government. They have used various names and descrip- tions, such as “pump priming’ and spending to restore prosperity, etc. It appears now, however, that their days are numbered. I do not mean that everything in the way of gov- ernment cash sop is going to be thrown out of the window at once. I believe I can see, however, that curtailment of federal waste has begun; that the national belt is go- ing to be pulled tighter by a couple of notches and that, sooner or later, even the beneficiaries of the federal cash will note the stigma and slacken their demands. One of the leaders in this direc- Virginia Democrat, who is just as hard boiled in preserving a sound redoubtable Carter Glass. Through thick and thin, Senator Byrd has been attacking the spend- ing policies, calling attention to the of an increasing national debt and the certainty that the coun- try as a whole must bear the bur- den of added taxation. He did this the while } } tore 4 shoolers were n aan ation after another at his head The other night, Senator Byrd got the radio the co 3 p He had and fi »s abou The Virg 1 pertinent on and told untrv MOLLY $112 y the situation, some rather He poir nat, a +» United p n $£21.000.000 ( than debt, England Due largely, the senator thought, to the fact that England had tried ] within its income as ar ould do, that a national income 1} 118 per cent of its incor is to say that rous than in 3yrd pointed out th into debt moreover, 8 had done as well to strength of ti orrowed money h Word has come through ton of the action governors who are that their states avoid getting into the hole. Governor Cochran of Ne- braska, a Democrat, and Governor a Republican, each insistin There are who could be named, but and Bricker are the outstanding ex- amples. It might be said that these refer only to states and not to national policies. Very well. No state ex- ecutive could get away with such a ple. If they believe that way about state affairs, there is no reason to which it must borrow to spend. ‘Pump Priming’ Gifts te States Force Them to Borrow Make in Soft Colors By RUTH WYETH SPEARS ERE is news for those who have been writing me for | more rag rug designs. A special | Rug Leaflet has been prepared for | you. It will be included free upew | request with your order for the | two books offered herewith, It | you already have these two useful books, send 6 cents in stamps for { the Rug Leaflet, | Wooden knitting needles %-inch | in diameter are used for this rug. | Cut or tear the rags %-inch wide 1 MEDIUM GREEN 2 BLUE 3 DARK SEW KNITTED nit them in hanging colors by cutting the needle and sewing + “ 1 > ’ 14 coior 0 It se to (saFeTy TALKS ) Crossing the Road H ERE’S the part of In 1837, these clas the 5,600 TRUE! “Like lemons, Luden’s contain a factor that helps contribute to your alkaline reserve. I pre- fer Luden’s.” EpNA RIGGS, Lecturer, Los Angeles LUDEN’'S MENTHOL COUGH DROPS 5¢ Heart to Heart A man cannot touch his neigh- bor's heart with anything less than his own.—G. Macdonald. CONSTIPATED? Don't Let Gas, Nerve Pres- sure Keep You Miserable 4 are constipated two thingh IRST: Accumulsted wastes swe and press on nerves in the diges- tract, This yi causes head aches, a dull, hilious spells, lone te, and axinems.” SECON : Parth decay forming GA jurisdictions, are offered on condi- must put up an equal amount, hundreds of cases the federal cash. The result: new debt. It becomes clear, therefore, that if the state executives insist on reduced expenditures, they are un- likely to accept these federal gifts because of the probable added debt burden. Another thing likely to happen in some of the states is added taxes. The state legislatures are due for an awakening as to the actual con- dition of their state finances. Some may dodge it this year, but facts will have to be faced. When new taxes come, what a howl there will be! That howl will be heard in con- gress, too, both concerning state and county and city taxes on the one hand and national taxes on the other hand. It appears to me that taxes win Trove De the best antidote po borrowing to spend that can be found. © Western Newspaper Union, He that would govern others, first should be master of himself — Massinger. A Sure Index of Valve
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers