—— AND MALY ¥ vs od Foreign The European domination won at Munich by Germany and Italy is but a prelude to Hitler-Mussolini plans for relegating France and Great Britain into second-rate sta- tus. Still to come is a four-power pact, but first must come the groundwork (See MAP) in which France and Britain are fattening themselves for the slaughter: ENGLAND sees growing resent- ment toward Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who claims: “Our sole concern is to see that this coun- try and her colonial communications are safe.” But recalling successive British diplomatic defeats in Man- chukuo, Ethiopia, Spain, China, Aus- tria and Czechoslovakia, Chamber- lain’s foes wonder what he means by “safety.” The real Chamberlain policy is appeasement of dictators at any cost. house of commons. Thus, too, he lie Hore-Belisha. Once active in op- posing Spain's civil war, Great Brit- ain must now grant belligerent rights to both Loyalists and Rebels. Still unfulfilled are Hitler's demands Britain. Then he will be ready to make peace. FRANCE, now torn by financial distress resulting from feverish re- armament, has welcomed Reichs fuehrer Hitler's offer of a 10 or 25- year truce. This is more ground- work behind the eventual four-power pact. In return for German renun- ciation of territorial claims (in Eu- rope) against France, Paris would re-establish normal diplomatic re- lations with Italy (already accom- plished) and actually turn away from the League of Nations to live at the mercy of dictators. Since France faces bankruptcy unless she can halt rearmament, any kind of peace is welcome. Still another sign of French capitulation is Premier Edouard Daladier’s renunciation of Communist party support, a move which gains favor with Soviet-hating Nazi-Fascist states. ITALY AND GERMANY are now so sure of their positions that they find it unnecessary to ask British- French advice on handling Czecho- slovakia’'s minority problem. Al- though the treaty of Munich stipu- lated four-power action on Czech minority problems, Foreign Minis- ters Joachim von Ribbentrop and Count Galeazzo Ciano have just transferred a large part of Czecho- slovakia to Hungary. For Germany, recent weeks have opened a wedge permitting a successful economic “drive to the east.” For Italy they have brought Franco-British recog- nition of her Ethiopian conquest, placing Premier Mussolini's battle- won empire in good standing with Europe's highest diplomatic society. At best the highly touted four-power pact will be a mere formality for totalitarian states, Labor Chief among objecticns to the na- tional labor relations act are that it (1) makes the labor board prosecu- tor, judge and jury, and (2) permits employees, but not employers, to invoke its aid. Industry agrees gen- erally that NLRB is fundamentally sound if these abuses can be cor- rected. Industry claims further that NLRB was designed to cover abuses practiced only by a minority of em- ployers, that it fails to recognize that the average employer is honest. Changes in the act have been en- dorsed by the American Federation of Labor, U. 8. Chamber of Com- merce and National Manufacturers association. But when John Lewis’ Committee for Inaustrial Organiza- tion meets in Pittsburgh this month, NLRB will be defended against amendment proposals on the ground that changes would make the act impractical. Along with NLRB amendment proposals next January, congress will also get A. F. of L.'s plea for nonconfirmation of President Roosevelt's appoint- ment of Donald Wakefield Smith, NLRB member whom Federation- International America's that maintain China's ‘‘open door" policy is based on the nine-power pact signed by China, Japan, the U. S., Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Por- tugal. Under this territorial integri- ty agreement, Western powers have enjoyed profitable trade with demand Japan SEIHIN IKEDA New sacrifices must be made. wealthy and populous China. The situation began changing in 1931 when Japan walked into Manchu- kuo, and has become a greater threat to Western trade inter- ests since the Chinese war began. under Japanese control, Western powers have feared that nation might go the way of Manchukuo, becoming a Japanese protectorate entirely dominated by Japan. This fear has been justified by Far East, interpreted in part as an mand. Japan has announced she in- tends to create a political and eco- nomic union of her empire with Chi- na and Manchukuo, which means that Western powers will be left on the outside. Since a foreign office spokesman has said no part of east- ern Asia shall be ‘‘westernized,” British, French and U. 8. conces- sions in China are considered threat- ened, Part of the ‘new deal” for the Far East includes a united front against Communism, which has be- come popularized in China the past 10 years. In this respect, and in making a final withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japan has lined up definitely with the other two “have not’ nations, Italy and Germany. Thus, more than a year after her undeclared war on China began, Ja- pan has taken time out to tell the world why. But if Tokyo's state. ment of future policy has given heart to war-weary Japs, they have also been confronted with the situa- tion's realities. Seihin Ikeda, Har- vard-educated minister of finance, has warned that new sacrifices must be made to complete China's con- quest and rebuild that nation. Al though Japan will make immediate and drastic slashes in her domes- tic expenditures, the war budget will be hiked to push China's Generalis- simo Chiang Kai-shek out of the pic- ture. When that is accomplished, Western powers might as well pack out of the Orient. Transportation In the opinion of three experts, American railroads have no right to cut 15 per cent from pay checks of 930,000 employees because: (1) it would be a stop-gap measure at best, only reducing the standard of living at a time when business in general is coming back; (2) the rail- roads’ financial problem is still of short term aspect, having been crit- ical less than a year; (3) although railway wages have not fluctuated so badly as wages in other indus- tries, they have not been advancing proportionately so fast as in other industries; (4) a flat 15 per cent wage cut would not be equitable, since smaller roads—which are in worse shape—would derive less ben- efit than the larger, more prosperous lines, This was the gist of a 40,000-word opinion handed down by President Roosevelt's emergency fact-finding commission after three weeks of de- liberation. Board members: Chief Justice Walter P. Stacy of the North Carolina Supreme court; Dean James M. Landis of Harvard law school, once chairman of the se- curities and exchange commission: Professor Harry A. Millis, Univer- sity of Chicago economist and for- mer member of the national labor relations board. Likelihood of enforcing the 15 per cent wage cut despite the commis- sion’s findings is considered small. But this does not lessen the plight of U. S. railroads, whose sorry condi- tion will probably receive attention from next winter's congress. Since utilities are getting government aid under the guise of U. S. defense in- surance (see below), moreover since the government plans to strengthen its defenses generally, railroad man- agement will justify its request for federal aid on the same grounds. Al- ready suggested is a revolving gov- ernment fund for purchase of new equipment, plus a federal appropria- tion to pay one-quarter of railroad maintenance costs during a five-year test period. The American Associa- tion of Railroads’ program includes (1) revision of ICC rate-making pro- cedure; (2) low rate government loans; (3) abolition of government freight rates; (4) repeal of long and short haul rate law; and (5) new government regulations over com- peting water transportation such as the Mississippi river's newly-de- veloped system, Utilities New Deal dams and power plants have offered public utilities serious competition, forcing down their prices and creating an unfriendly breach between electricity execu- tives and the administration. One started is the St. Lawrence water- which President Roosevelt praised during September when the war scare first began. At that time, partly because he feared a lack of power reserve, partly because such a shortcoming might be good ad- vertising for a St. Lawrence project, the President appointed a commis- sion under Louis Johnson, assistant secretary of war. When the commission reported re- cently, it failed to mention St. Law- rence waterway plans. But it made bigger and more puzzling news by drawing executives of 14 large utili- ties to Washington and getting their promise to start expanding. If this was a peace gesture, it was over- shadowed by explanations that util ity expansion is an important step in the government's defense pro gram and a healthy move toward business recovery. The program: In 15 areas (all east of the Mississippi) utilities will spend an immediate $350,000,000, boosting it to $2,000,000,000 if power consumption increases normally the i * SECRETARY JOHNSON The war department made peace. next two years. Only government function will be Reconstruction Fi. finance corporation aid in making loans up to $250,000,000. Though generally regarded as an optimistic sign of recovery, utility expansion has been minimized in some quarters. The 1,000,000 new kilowatts in generating capacity is only a 3 per cent boost in U. S. power potentiality, considerably below the average increase in good business years, Miscellany Italy justifies her African aggres- sion by definition: “Roman war cre- ates, barbaric war destroys. Fas- cism marches in the footsteps of Rome; its war will also be good war and will never serve but to make life fruitful, to increase it and sanctify it.” History of Control of Radio Is Story of Troubled Days; By WILLIAM BRUCKART WASHINGTON .—It seerns among the inevitable and unavoidable things that there must be growing pains when the government starts execution of any new policy. This always has been the case. 1 as- sume it is going to be true always, and it does not matter whether that new policy involves something as inherently governmental as govern. ment supervision of public serv- jceg or something as inherently po- litical as the national emergency council. The latter institution ought to have as a part of its title some words designating its value as the hod carrier in political emergencies, such as the recent “purge’’ of Dem- ocrats who insisted on being Demo- crats as distinguished from New Dealers. With that preface, we can exam- ine into the situation that exists in the federal communications coms- mission. As laymen whose only con- tact with radio is on the listening end, or whose only contact with telephones is to use them for busi. ness and social intercourse, or whose only contact with the tele- graph is to send or receive mes- sages, well, obviously we laymen do not know much about the F. C. C. But that does not excuse any of us for lack of interest. For F. C. C. is just as close to you and me as the interstate commerce commission 18, and unless I miss my guess it will be even closer in the years to come, There has been a measure of con- have been troublesome years, both for the agency administering the law and the industry forced to abide by the law. Within the existence the F. C. C. which is con- cerned not alone with radio, but | with telephones and telegraphs. | These latter industries, however, are themselves settled down and out | of their teens. They have got by the growing pains, but as for radio, | the story is quite different and de- cidedly more important, because there are fundamental dangers to you and me in the situation. Federal Control of Radio Story of Troubled Days The history of federal control of | radio, as I said above, is a story of { troubled days. The bulk of the trouble has been due to the type of | personnel selected for administra. tion of that control. That is to say, politics is to blame as much as any- | thing. Politicians will endorse any screwy bird, long-haired theorist or narrow-eyed half-breed if such en- dorsement will get him votes or help | hold the royal order of nose-pickers in line at election time. And that is why, or largely why, the federal communications com- mission at this writing is undergo- | ing pains like I used to have when | I allowed my childish enthusiasm to overcome my judgment and ate ap- ples before they were ripe. 1 wouldn't care how many of the boys on the government payroll had tum- my aches about their jobs, or how many private and bitter words passed between highups or low- downs in the commission except for the fact that precedents are being established that will affect you and me directly as the years roll by. The things that have developed in the F. C. C. concern us because they involve free speech, involve it as directly as any attempt to use censorship on your newspaper or mine. Besides, there is the certain. ty that radio has been used to fo- ment or put to sleep some national It brings the nation within any small room that happens to microphones. If there was ever a sound and wise policies, it is in the government supervision of radio. It is hard to get at the facts in the current dust storm within the com- mission. There are so many sto- ries afloat, however, that some- where there must be some truth. And this belief is buttressed by the known fact that President Roosevelt is considering what to do to get the tangle straightened out. Trouble Shooter Fails To Smooth Out the Mess To go back a bit, it will be re- called that Mr. Roosevelt sought more than a year ago to smooth out the mess by transferring Frank Mc- Ninch from the job of chairmen of the federal power commission to that of chairman of the federal ra- dio commission. Every one con- versant with the situation said at that time that the new chairman was a good trouble shooter and that he would get things working as a highly technical agency ought to work. But the truth is that Mr. McNinch has not succeeded. If any- thing, there have been more rows and the work of the commission has been slowed down even to a worse condition than it was. The whole thing would not amount to a hill of beans except that it seems utterly impossible to get technical law under such circum- moment to everyone because this monster, radio, is still in swaddling clothes, The battle within the commission crops up every once in awhile, just as it did when the commission re- eral attorney. Mr. Gary was asked for his resignation, and an alterna- tive of another appointment where in the government. But he stuck out his chin, and said “no.” Too Much Interested in Fighting Among Themselves From all of the stories I have picked up, I suspect that Mr. Gary was no great shakes as a lawyer. On the other hand, it was equally apparent that Mr, Gary was being sioners who had hard noses and wouldn't quit fighting. It is an inci- dent that is related as an illustra- tion and as a basis for the state- ment that most of the members of the commission and a substantial are much more interested in fighting among themselves than in trying to understand and administer an intri- cate law. This column is not the place to attempt a list of the many rulings of the commission that have done the industry no good. Attention can be called, however, to the procedure which these decisions are such decisions have just as much force as the law itself, It is the regular routine in a gov- of problems, determination of poli- cy, interpretation of law, to have the top individuals. They are named akers. have to assume responsibility. In the case ations co They imission, procedure followed, except that the individual members of the board, or some of them, persist in acting individually rather than col- lectively as a board. This would not be so bad if the board members as a whole were in But they are not. There is a split as wide as Pennsylvania ave- The result is that on many, occasions underlings have yrought forward propositions that of course, as these proposals became known the portion of the ra- industry concerned was thor- oughly upset because it had no way In Commission Needed Again, even this condition could be able nature developed if the bulk of mission were sound thinkers. That, unfortunately, however, seems not to be the case. The place is packed and jammed with numerous men who think they are hot shots, whose only claim to recognition is that they, who have been unable to make good in the industry and have succeeded through political endorsement to get 8 place at the feed trough of gov- ernment checks. So I say that I am unwilling to charge continuation of the mess to Mr. McNinch. He apparently has of the commission manage to gain silly flock, claiming to be “original venom about “unfairness of news- papers,” it is likely the communica- tions commission is going to get no- where very fast. Much of the silly propaganda, that newspapers are unfair to the New Deal, bubbles to the surface from points other than the communica- tions commission. Those who serve as the mouthpieces for such clab- ber, however, can be seen flocking together frequently. It is only nat- ural, therefore, to suppose that they are active in spreading their views among commission underlings who, in turn, get the germs incubated within their own organization. I said earlier that it may be Mr. Roosevelt will have to ask for a gen- eral housecleaning and resignation of most of those in key positions. It is quite likely that he will dodge that action if any other way can be found to solve the problem. In any event, I hope that congress looks into the situation. If it does, may- be something concrete will be done to establish a sound agency-—one that will consider the interests of listeners and services and manufac- turers equally, just as the Interstate Commerce commission does in its supervision of rail and other forms of tr ation. © Newspaper Union. That Are Flattering ACH of these good-looking new designs is just as comfortable and practical as it is becoming, and each is accompanied by a de- Dirndl-Style Jumper. High neckline, to cover up her soften, High-puffed out, her her flannel, jersey every day, witl flat crepe blouse parties, of + 1621 is des for s , and 14 years. Size 3 Bd iv b f 54-inch 1 igned f No is desigr 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, Size 38 requires inch material. nt takes 3% yard; 3 yards braid. Fall and Winter Fashion Book. The new 32-page Fall and ter Pattern Book which shows photographs of the dress: being worn is now out. pattern and the Fall an Book—25 cents.) the book separately Send your order Circle Pattern Dept, 247 W. street, New York, Price of patterns, 15 cents (in coins) each. Bell Syndicate —~WNU Service, Win win- You for 15 cents The Sewing IsYour DangerSignal No matter how many you have tried for cough, chest cold, or you ma ulsion. Our common ronchial frri- get relief now with be brewing and Sroutie uag you can to take a chance with any pomiedy less potent than Creomulsion, wh goes right to the seat of the trouble and aids nature to soothe and heal the inflamed word, ask for it plainly, see that the name on the bottle is Creomulsion, and you'll get the genuine and the re you want. (Adv) With a Purpose Be not simply good, be good for something. Don’t Aggravate Gas Bloating I your GAS BLOATING fa caused oonst: don't expect to get the relief Sauk ly Sout 4 ee ~ : This that warm and soothe the stomach and SAS IAG, ng. sour nerve incntha. Adleriks does not acts and BOTH bo J eves wastes in Jeas than two hours. Adieriks. hes many doctors Fears. Got the sesisine Adiie samy 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers