———————— What Is By WILLIAM C. UTLEY A ISTER, have you ever ‘A “played a hunch’? Trans- acted a business deal against your better judgment because “something told you to”? Moved over to a new fishing spot because you ‘had a feel- ing" the bass would be there— and they were? Lady, has your “intuition” ever told you anything your eyes and ears could never discern? Almost everyone has experienced these things or known someone else who has. Some tell of the most startling experiences with a sincere conviction that cannot be denied: Of dreaming that a dear relative has died, and finding upon investi- gation that it is true; of writing on sudden impulse to a friend who has not been heard from in years, only tc receive a letter, friend on the same kind of impulse in the next mail; or experiencing an inexplicable premonition while visiting that there is a fire at home, and rushing there just in time to rescue the baby from a flaming death. What is the explanation? Chance coincidence? Or ‘sixth sense’ . .. “mind reading" . . . telepathy? Is there any means of reaching the mind other than through the five recorded physical senses? Science has scoffed in the past. But today a controversy fanned by newspaper stories, popular books and radio pro- new boom of interest in telepathy. Scoffers are still in the majority . .. but few of them can explain away the amazing implications of certain have fascinated millions. What Is the Mind? These are the experiments con- ducted by Dr. J. B. Rhine and sev- eral associates in the department of psychology of Duke university, at Durham, N. C. Of late an adapta- tion of these experiments has been employed by the Zenith Foundation in a weekly Sunday night radio pro- gram which invites listeners to be- of science, | experimenter took a shuffled pack of ESP cards, in unknown order, and laid them before him, face down. The subject was asked to concentrate upon the cards while the experimenter removed them from the pack, one at a time, without looking at them. The sub- ject called for each card the symbol which first flashed into his mind. The call was recorded. When the entire pack had been disposed of (and the original order maintained) the actual order of the cards would be observed and checked against the order called by the subject. Since there were five cards each of five different symbols in a pack, pure chance would permit a correct call of 1 card in 5, or § cards in 25. But more than a few of Dr. Rhine's subjects were found to be able to call consistently an average of far more than 5 right out of every packs. Some of the consistent high scorers at times scored 21 and even 25 hits out of a possible 25. The chance odds against such perform- ances, even in thousands of runs through the cards, are so enormous as to be of astronomical propor- tions! Subjects who, under the right con- ditions, could consistently call from 6.5 to 10 or 12 cards per 25 offered, were not highly unusual. The ‘right conditions’’ were a feeling of con- fidence in their ESP ability, interest in the work and physical and mental wakefulness. Even the best sub- jects were found the chance average when they were self-conscious, skeptical of their ability at the time of growing bored. Such subjects found little appre- ciable differences in their averages when they called the cards ‘‘down through'' the pack, that is, without til the whole 25 had been called. Convinced ESP Is Answer, In fact, it made little difference whether or not they were in the same room with the recorder. Tests exhaustively subject and experimenter in rooms drawn by the experimenter from gw yy r } fe the age-old questions: What is the human mind? Where does it belong, knowledge as a whole? ! the nature of the mind still so pro- foundly obscure,” he writes in “New Frontiers of the Mind,” his book is not easy to go on hoping that beating the same pathways of re- search, even for another hundred years will bring us to the goal. « + . If the recognized and the usual in our search have so far failed us, it is time to turn, in the matter of our method, to the UNrecognized and the UNusual.” Thus he explains why Duke uni- versity’'s psychology department seven years ago began a long and laborious investigation of what he calls “‘extra-sensory perception’ — the ability of certain persons to per- ceive through some channel other than the senses as we know them, Students, faculty members and their families, in fact almost any- one who could be interested, were sought as the subjects of the tests, Preference was given to those who could recall some “psychic” expe- rience in their lives or in their fam- ilies, on the assumption that they might be better subjects for ESS (“extra-sensory perception”) exper- iments. How Tests Were Made Dr. Rhine and his associates de- vised a special deck of 25 cards as standard equipment for the tests. The deck contained five cards each of five different characters: a square, a cross, a circle, a star and a series of wavy lines, Here is an example of how one of the earliest tests worked: The the actual order of the pack. Some with this method than when they were seated in the same room with the experimenter. To Dr. Rhine and his staff such “extra-sensory perception.” They are convinced that cheating, con sciously or unconsciously, has been ruled out, by their methods, and that the odds against such sustained performances are far, far tdo great to permit their explanation on the grounds of coincidence. One recent series of scientific articles purporting to ‘“‘debunk’ the Duke experiments offered several explanations, among them that cues were being given, probably uncon- sciously, to the subject by the ex- perimenter. But this could hardly be possible when the experimenter did not know himself the order of the cards until the pack had been examined AFTER the subject had finished calling. Another explanation is that the results are simply lucky. But the odds against the kind of scoring that is being done, they say at Duke, are $0 enormous as to rule this hypothe- sis out, “Dr. Rhine assumes,” says one scientific writer, ‘“‘that this same chaice (1 to 5) holds straight through the 25 guesses. It would if each card were returned to the deck after the call and the deck shuffled. Actually, as a star is re- moved, the chances on that suit are lessened slightly and the chances on other guesses increased.” Criticizes Duke Mathematics. But this can hardly hold water when the subject does not know Dr. J. B. Rhine, whose sensory perception” the scientific world, ing. “The assumption has also been result in an average score guesses right out of 25. But mathe- maticians point out that sumption is not necessarily correct. Five may be the most likely score on any one run through the deck, but it may not be the average over a large amount of runs because pos- sible scores may extend on one side down to zero but no lower—a varia- tion of only five points. In the other direction, possible scores range all the way up to 25-20 points above the most likely score.” Still, in hundreds of thousands of mechanical selections, in which the cards were admittedly called by pure chance, the Duke researchists found the average to be almost ex- actly 5 hits per 25 cards selected. Now the experiments with which we have dealt here include only clairvoyance — the extra-sensory perception of objects, characters on cards. Dr. Rhine has also conduct- ed exhaustive experiments in telepathy—the extra-sensory percep- tion of mere thoughts, Here is how is tested: No cards are used. The “sender,” in one room, gives the ready signal to the subject, in another room-—or miles away, for that matter. He then concentrates upon the first symbol (the same symbols are used mentally as those appearing on the chosen at random. The subject records what he believes the symbol to be. After ten seconds is repeated; and through 25 calls. At the the run the subject's checked against the order 80 finish on, of is the record of Some subjects actually made higher scores the ‘“‘telepathic” tests than they did in the objective tests. In three daily trials, one sub- in in her first experience in ESP work And she was stationed 250 miles from the sender, with ranges of wuntains separating them! Radio Telepathy Test, It is telepathic tests simil some ways to these which are employed on the Zenith Founda- tion's radio program. In the first program, listeners were told that a selecting machine in the studio would be operated seven times dur- ing the test, each time selecting a color—black or white (if, indeed, they may be called colors). A com- mittee of ten scientific observers would, after each selection, concen- trate upon that selection for a period of ten seconds. Listeners were also asked to concentrate and keep a record of what they believed the se- lections to be. The observers were sworn to secrecy and the machine was operated in a closed booth. Se- lections were recorded, but kept un- der lock and key, not to be opened for a week, when listeners’ records would have time to reach the studio. Unbeknownst even to the sponsors or to the studio attaches or listen- ers, the observers purposely left the third and seventh trials blank, to determine whether the public at large naturally has a preference for either black or white which might affect its choice in the other trials, in which the machine actually se- lected a black or white space. Approximately 20 per cent of those who replied called four of the five actual trials correctly, a mark one-third over ‘chance expecta- tion.” But most interesting of all is the fact that a sizable num- ber of listeners who sent in all five answers correctly also desig- nated blanks on the third and sev- enth trials, although they were not told that these trials were blanks! Dr. Rhine does not attempt to ex- plain what “extra-sensory percep- tion’ is —whether it is akin to radio waves (a theory he rejects for rea- sons too detailed to recount here) or some other transference of ener- gy. He will be content if he proves to the world of science that there is some door to the human mind oth- er than through the recognized senses. And he would, of course, like to discover just where the hu- man mind fits into the general scheme of things—in fact, what the mind really is, after all. But at present he will continue his amazing work and follow the ad- vice of Sir Isaac Newton: “Let hypotheses alone until tia facts require them.” © Western Newspaper Union, ge —————————— a It was native to America. AROUND THE HOUSE To Roll Corn Flakes.—lLay a clean towel on the table and put the corn flakes in the center. Fold each side of the towel over the flakes, turn both ends over to the center and crush with a rolling pin. > Storing Summer Garments. —All garments in the summer ward- robe should be cleaned before storing. Soil and stains allowed to remain in such garments when put away may cause permanent discoloration, » * * Touches of Stitching. — The vogue for embroidery gives the home dressmaker a chance to de- sign some pretty, interesting and distinctively individual costumes. On the shoulder or at waistline of a black crepe dinner dress, one might put a loose, informal-looking spray of white wool flowers and leaves. A black street dress, seen recently, has two long pointed breast pockets covered with red wool flowers. The matching jacket has red wool Y across the back. embroider To Raise the Pile on Velvet. — Cover a n with a wet cloth, and hold the vel: it. Brush 1 it quickly while hot iro? 't over To Prevent Rugs From Slipping. rubbers securely fastened by sewing on the under side will prevent throw or scatter rugs —Jar Ye Council Eats Right Well After Ye Slick Barter Deer Is Thanksgiving Meal and Indian Is Goat. F AMERICANS this Thanks- giving are well able to ap- pease both their consciences and their appetites, their moral dexterity is no better than that of their forebears on the town council at Danvers, Mass., in the year 1714. Venison, rather than turkey, made up the piece de resistance on a Thanksgiv- ing feast there, but religious complications arose, as record- ed by Rev. Lawrence Conant, of that city: “After ye blessing was craved by Mr. Garrich of Wrentham, word came that ye buck was shot on ye Mr. Shepard's conscience was len- Lord's day by Pequot, an Indian, | i sidering this a just and rightful sen- tence on ye heathen, and that a blessing had been craved meat, ye council all partook of it but Mr. Shepard, whose conscience was tender on ye point of ye veni- son." In nearby Boston a few years lat- er the l] of autumn with its arrival storing of the winter supply of salt Bear meat is no longer generally available for the Thanksgiving din- ner. pork brought mingled thanksgiving and chagrin to a boy named Benja- min Franklin, who often became restless during the long graces which accompanied Massachusetts meals. So one day after the pork had been dutifully stored away, he suggested that if his father would only ‘'say grace over the whole cask, once for all, it would be a vast saving of time." In the latter half of the same century, whenever a feast was in order in the back country of Vir- Boone or some other hunter | “We thank thee, Lord. “We thank thee. Lord. / rayer J $ Whe thank thee. OF all thy gifis the Lord. rvest’s yields, mbly our prayer to hat we've ry our journeys end, ond.” from slipping on smooth floors. JF oy LL NEVER GO TO DINNER WITH A BOY AGAIN UNLESS 3 | HAVE SOME PHILLIPS’ TABLETS IN MY PURSE Often “@cid indigestion™ is dis- tressing do you — and offensive to others. But now there is no excuse for being guilty. You simply carry your alkalizer with yea — and use it at the first sign of “upset” stomach. Simply take two tiny tablets of Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia when out with othery Or — if at home — you can take two teaspoons of liquid Phillips’. Both act the same way. Relief is usually a matter of seconds. “Gas,” nausea, “heart- bursa.” acid breath — all respond quickly, Just make sure you ask foe “Phillips.” Firmness It is only those who possess firmness who can possess true gentleness. —La Rochefoucauld. HOW OFTEN CAN YOU KISS AND pi wd ay > i = | | i! yu | I i i i i i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers