present hostilities in the And the answer usu- quer an invader by absorption. There are, according to the most conquer China, but this ored reason is not one of them cally denies this one. It is the long-awaited bloom of Chinese na- tionalism, which appears to have flowered at last. cally for a good many years haps because o belief of Chi- nese political leaders in the nation’s capacity for racial absorption, haps because of the inherent love of f the nese, China, even as late as a cou- ple of years ago, believe that sli was CoO she weather storms of Japanese inva- The Japanese were quick to discover this, and be- themselves larger and chunks of their neighbor's virtually without fighting. The attitudes of both sides were clearly demonstrated when the Jap- anese successfully invaded churia in 1931, Jehol in 1932, ern Hopei in 1933, Chahar in and 1935, and Suiyuan in 19386. The manner of these conquests was encouraged by the Chinese re- luctance to fight back. Always a geographic frontier separated terri- tories controlled by the from those controlled by the Japa- nese. ‘‘For the sake of peace,” Japan would demand that the Chi- nese side of the frontier demilitarized. In the demilitarized zone it would not be before what was termed a “popular auton- omous movement'’ would spring up, and a government would be formed which was “friendly” to Japan; in a short time Japan would have quietly assumed political control of the area. No Unison Was Possible. So, a new geographic frontier would be created. Then the Japa- nese government would become an- noyed at ‘provocation’ by Chinese army units once more and a new demilitarized zone would have to be established. Soon this would be- come an autonomous state, friendly to Japan. And so on, and so on, and so on. About the only serious resistance Japan encountered during these in- vasions was that offered by the lo- cal troops of some Chinese war lord. Internal jealousies and conflict were such that no unified national oppo- sition was possible. It was this con- dition which provoked a high offi cer in the French Indo China army, traveling in China, to declare that three divisions of any crack Euro- pean army could conquer the whole country and a single brigade could police it thereafter. In this belief Japan concurred. Was it not her custom to send out an expeditionary force of 20,000 to 30,000 men, and quickly clean up the local Chinese unit of opposition with such despatch that no other war lord would be willing to send his men against them? It took only a few Japanese divisions to chase 150,000 of the best-equipped Chinese troops out of Manchuria. One of the favorite military jokes of the territory 1934 Chinese long is about the time that Rus- sian planes drove several crack Chi- nese divisio ying out of Bar- ga by showering them with what? Bombs? Nothing so expensive! Merely cabbages! A few years ago a naval man would have told that a few small gunboa‘'s cx defend any river ni from attack by a Chinese army. Chinese Change of Heart. Perhaps the Japanese still viewed } b incident around Marco Polo bridge touched off the present war. But not today! Within a short time it is expected Tokyo will have 400,000 men in the field. This change of heart was brought about by fear of the Chinese air force, for the Japanese could make six of it. Nor by the crack German-trained 8 ly heralded in the C Tr Japan has had little difficul change of heart among the Chinese China, almost over- has forgotten her thousand and one internecine struggles, or has postponed them until the im- portant business of ridding the coun- try of the hated invader is over. is presenting a united front against the foe. Part of this national springs from ancient racial pride, rooted in antiquity and synonymous with anti- Nipponism. There is born into the Chinese a racial hatred for Japan. Large numbers of Japanese girls but you will not find a Chinese girl mar- That is where ' theory falls ism the “racial absorption’ apart. Once Favored Co-Operation, The second part of the Chinese nationalism is new—and growing. It is the result of China's steady em- bracement of modern ideas, her in education, social and economic. The new China knows that if she were left alone she would shortly develop into a mod- ern state. Japan is well aware of this. It is no coincidence, the en- lightened Chinese claim, that so many Japanese bombs fall upon uni- versities and libraries, publishing houses and museums. Anti-Nippon- ism and this new Chinese national- ism are therefore inseparable. Had the Japanese been less self- ish in their policy of conquest, the Chinese spirit probably would not have been so thoroughly aroused. A certain faction there has been in China's recent past which has open- ly advocated co-operation with Ja- pan. Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his Kuo- mintang colleagues did. They be- lieved that when China had been developed economically and disci- plined socially by the Japanese, she could throw out the Japanese, as well as all the rest of the foreign- ers in the country, and reassert her dignity and independence. But this faction has had a chance to see the vassalage in which Japan has placed the conquered provinces, and China will have no more of it. Now for the first time the pro- vincial war lords have seen the light enough to put the salvation of the nation above their own personal | become apparent to are far off 9 better ational Chinese govern- ers PN ee ee ee ee tator whom m at whose hands ging defeat. It was only a few months ago | th truth became apparent | Japan and China itself. Th when Chiang was kidnaped and h prisoner for a short time, 115 Japan Sees Time Is Ripe. Throughout China the pro- | vincial potentates whom Chiang had | bested, who looked upon him in the | light of a usurper, tyrant and trai ‘0 soutl Sun Yat-sen, shouted e their furiou i Protests th same unison from northern provinces, ordinarily inclined to re- gard Chiang as an insolent upstart. Now Chiang knew for time that if war with Japan were inevitable he could depend n na- that internecine uld not crumble his He began to listen at- sntively to the demands for a uni- jed front against Japan from the “hinese communists of the North- And Japan's army may have decided that the occasion must im- mediately be made to out this new Chinese national unity. Ail of this sounds like the optimistic picture for China in a | long, long time, and probably it is. | But China is yet hardly ready or set back a real Japanese { military invasion on a large scale Japan's training and equipment are among the finest in the world. But what is even more important, Chi- na's military command is woefully incompetent. ts strategy of war is almost entirely a rule-book strategy, and looks pitiful against that of the Japanese trained well and experienced in the science of combat. loved one voi as In ands for s den 4 ! his release came with the the the first tionwide support, dissension we more stamp most able to command, Against the Japanese tremendous mechanical superiority the Chinese have a great superiority in num- bers. Their chief hope seems to lie in keeping the Japanese occupied a long time. Munitions Supply Problem. vast sums of money. If all of China were to carry on against them the sort of guerilla warfare conducted by the communists of the North- west, Japan would be a poverty- stricken nation ere long. But who can tell whether the Chinese army officers have the ability to use so large an army in this type of war- fare? One of the principal difficulties in turning the Chinese army into many scattered guerilla bands to continu- ally harass the Japanese would be that of supplying amununitions and armament. This would not be much of a problem if the 143 divisions of the regular army could succeed in holding the coastal defenses against Japan. Inland, China has many great arsenals capable of turning out munitions, small arms, machine guns and trench mortars. If the Chinese elect to keep on fighting as they have in the early weeks of the war, it may be a con- test to see which nation can endure impoverishment the longest. In that case, China, on her record, would appear in a fair way to win, © Western Newspaper Union, ‘Way Back When By JEANNE FROM LUMBER YARD WORKER TO VICE PRESIDENT OF U. 8S. O KNOW whether you have cho- sen the right vocation for suc- But, once it begins to dawn upon you that you could go further in another is time to change greatest advancement lies where your talents and interests are greatest, Charles Dawes, who made the under-slung pipe famous when he became Vice President of the United States, might have been rel- atively unknown if he had not changed his mind about the occupa- tion he would follow. He was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1865. He attended the public schools there and entered Marietta college, graduating at the age of nineteen. During the summer months he worked in a lumber yard, shifting lumber. It is easy to imag- ine that without vision and analy violin as been posed h Fritz included , Charles Dawes went depart- and Ohio Cen- ad, working up neer in charge of con- » decided to study law, been simply a engineer Graduating 1 of Law, years Presi- incinns Wee WCInnas X he practiced interes: Trust was general the A. E. F and dire budget bureau under President Harding In 1924, was elected Vice President of the United States under Coolidge. - * . FAMOUS AVIATRIX ONCE DROVE A TRUCK » Central ag0 He for war, agent World he HIS is a note of encouragement and particularly for parents who may not under- stand them. Girls who fall into the classification of ""tom-boys’’ usually simply have a stronger spirit of competition or a greater streak of adventure than other little girls Their greater activity may be early expression of a sense of leadership which may later lead to fame Amelia Earhart, queen of avia- tion, was a tom-boy. Born in Atchi- son, Kan., in 1808, she was an un- usually active little girl. She loved for ““tom-boys"” rough and tumble games, and she age in sports and contests. She graduated from Hyde Park high school in Chicago and went on to a girl's school in Rydal, Pa. From school she went to Canada where she worked as a nurse's aide in a Toronto war hospital, Stories of World war pilots appealed to her sense of adventure and daring; and Amelia made her way to California, determined to learn to fly. Here her self-reliance and “‘tom- boy’ courage was helpful, for she had to earn the money for her in. struction. Amelia Earhart worked for the telephone company and even drove a sand and gravel truck Lat er, she attended Columbia univer. sity. She held 28 different jobs while perfecting herself in the art of fly- ng. In 1928, she won the plaudits of the world by being the first woman to fly the Atlantic. As a result of this flight she gained recognition as the foremost woman flyer, became aviation editor of Cosmopolitan "fagazine, and vice president of two mportant commercial airlines. @~WNU Service Here's What to Sew (hy IT/ HIS is not a wishing-pag lady, even thoug book of exclusive f: Your-Own! for Size 36 requires 4 : al, plus 1% is designed for Size 38-inch wes 4% 3 is designed for 14, and 16 years. gs 2% yards of 35 or - afternoon on the aveni aterial, plus % yard con- 1-inch sleeve-in-one ” wv . "or eT. 11 1 rs § « 1 4 : varnd of ion ur order to The Sewing - : Dept a4 w Charming. uy AT Ww. . frock for | ¥ orty-thiu New York, iTOCK i > nr ladies of | N+ X- rice of patterns, 15 cents E right Lin « ain each ve center You | » attern Simple 'n gireet usciously fe nine ’ | Syndicate WNDU Service . Day by Ship r the longest dis- aveled by a ship in held by either the y or the Normandie e United States Airplane During a run sco and Hono- 33,000-ton ves- um speed is 33- 768 miles in one remember . : 768 Miles a The ord fc Or i ER I€ i Longevity A light heart lives long.—Shake- speare. On the Way What I am to be I am now be- coming.—Anon. "Good-bye, darling, I'll love you as long 2% 2 quart of (TTT lL ZN om I : GO FARTHER BEFORE YOU NEED A QUART Mow long should a quart of oil last? No one can answer that question specifically because driving habits differ. But there is one thing certain ...you will go farther with Quaker | State because it gives you “an extra |} Fa You cai: easily prove the economy of Quaker State by making the “First Quart” Test. And remember... the oil that stands up longest is giv- | \ ing your motor the safest lubrica- tion. Quaker State Oil Refin- FIR ing Corporation, Oil City, Pa. Retail price . . . 35¢ a quart A po A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers