By WILLIAM C. UTLEY GREAT BRITAIN has suddenly .become conscious that her “tight little isle’ is a perfect ‘‘set- up'’ for enemy air raiders. The hor- rible possibilities of incendiary bombs falling from the skies upon London and other large cities, and the imaginary spectacle of thou- sands of citizens choking in yellow clouds of poisonous gases have nar- rowed the British defense program down to the point where it is intended that there will be a good gas mask for every inhabitant and a gas-proof chamber in every home. Schools in air raid defense are being conducted to train instructors who will, in turn, train groups of citizens to protect themselves. Vast propaganda mills are turning out pamphlets by the thousands, deal- ing with various types of poisonous gases, their use in air raids, and the methods by which they may be met. Local Red Cross and other first aid societies are being mar- shaled as advance defense units. Newspapers carry almost daily stories about the anti-air raids pro- gram. For there seems here a feeling of conviction that some murky night— who knows when? —radio waves will electrify every home with the dread warning, ‘“‘Air raid!” Then as si- rens, taking up the call, shriek ad- monition through the London fog, men, women, children and even babies in arms will be wearing the weird looking respirators that make noxious air safe to breathe. Some will scurry for the cover of their homes, where for some time in an- ticipation of this attack they have maintained sealed, airtight and gas- proof rooms. Grotesquely masked rescue crews will man the streets in search of unfortunate strag- glers. Anti-aircraft batteries will probe the skies for the death-deal- ing invaders. No Air Raid Insurance. Is this a fantastic dream? If it is, then the British government is wasting huge annual appropriations for air raid defense. The home of- fice is needlessly instilling fear into the people with reams upon reams of propaganda. The insurance com- panies are overlooking millions of pounds in new business. Right there is a pretty good in- dication of the reality of the men- ace. Insurance companies, with their vast facilities for research, are seldom far wrong in gauging the gravity of a risk. If you have a manufacturing plant in Great Brit- raids! You'll find it next to possible. Many firms refuse out- right to underwrite any such insur- ance. None of them will insure its value. British public was shocked and in- dignant at reports that Italian air forces were dropping deadly bombs upon helpless women and children in Ethiopia. Great Britain, along with most of the other powers of western Europe had signed the Geneva Gas Protocol of 1925, out- lawing the use of poison gas in war- fare. But today she is not so cer- tain that this is any real protec- tion. She has suddenly realized that if, according to reports, one great Cabins 4 pumps oxygen into the carriage. Gas School” in northern England. Just as important in the ARPD program is its propaganda mill This turns out detailed handbooks, pamphlets and memoranda outlin- ing the latest methods for cédmbat- ing the effects of poison gases. The official outlet for government pub- lications is His Majesty's Station- ery Office, and here, too, the cit- izen may obtain many works which will help him to learn personal pro- tection from gas raids; first-aid treatment for the injured; how to decontaminate gas - soaked mate- rials. Other booklets describe what precautions are to be taken in fac- tories and offices, and describe the approved methods for organization of rescue parties, ambulance bri- gades and other groups to take care of the casualties. A staff of highly-trained special- ists has been assembled by the ARPD to prepare this propaganda Originally the department consist- now it has 60 carefully picked men and wom- Under the direction of Wing Eric John Hodsoll in rooms heated by open fireplaces. Maps on the walls show where air defenses have been perfected. Prepare Universal Handbook. The literature they prepare con- tains a great deal of technical in- formation about the various types of gases, the ways in which their presence may be discovered and comp IR ies wis while wearing the masks. power was using poison gas in war- fare, the protocol might become an- other “scrap of paper” in the event of actual war. 500 Complete Training. Last April the ARPD opened the first of the schools for training in- structors in air raid defense, with emphasis particularly upon combat- ing poison gas. This is the “Civilian Anti-Gas School’ at Eastwood Park, Falfield, Gloucestershire. The school is equipped to train 80 in- structors every month in the art of teaching others to avoid gas injur- ies. Five hundred instructors have al- ready been “graduated.” They are now working with the many anti- gas organizations which have been rapidly formed throughout the Unit- ed Kingdom of late. The plan has been found so successful in its early operations that it is now to construct a second * Anti- effect of atmospheric conditions upon their persistence. Architectur- al drawings of carefully-planned sites for first aid posts are included. Householders are given simple plans for making certain rooms gas-proof havens in time of raid. For first aid units, the ARPD has carefully worked out a table of the exact amount and kind of supplies needed. The ARPD press relations depart- ment is at present preparing a handbook called “Air Raid Precau- tions in the Home.” This is a sort of standard citizens’ manual on the subject, and will be distributed to all the homes of the United King- dom “when the proper time comes." The ARPD has been awarded a budget of 1,300,000 pounds (about $6,500,000) for the year. Working on this capital, it acts as a clearing house for defense precautions by The apparatus atop the hood the most im- local authorities 3ritish Isles. One of the portant things it has done, by far, is to arrange with manufacturers for the production of gas masks at the rate of 100,000 a day. It is hoped that by pursuing this program the government can, in » of war, provide every man, woman and child in Britain with a gas mask. The government is already pay- ing for the first distribution of these respirators, the early production go- ing to police units, volunteer bri- gades and nursing services. These actual defense become necessary. For citizens not enrolled in these organizations, gas masks are being stored in supply depots, ready for emergency Co-operation Is Voluntary. The ARPD is continually urging local authorities to anti- gas and anti-bomb units. There is now an air raids precautions com- mittee in virtually every borough and county council. These are mak- the preparations for and gas-proof first aids posts, and are training squads. Preparations have not yet reached the point that the gov- ernment is making the organization of local rescue and defense brigades mandatory. They are still being in- vited to join on a wvoluntary basis. There is a certain standardization developed among these local groups which will make it easy for the government, at a moment's notice, to convert them all into one vast national organization. Up to date the local authorities have been bear- ing most of the expense of organiza- tion, but it is understood now that the government is in a position to give financial aid to communities where local funds are not available. The government is now purchasing large supplies of bleaching powder for decontamination purposes, res pirators and first aid equipment, which it will be prepared to distrib ute nationally in an emergency. Co-operation in the anti-gas and anti-air raid campaign is being giv- en the government by the British Red Cross society and the Order of St. Members of these societies are be- organize advance shelters a series of lectures on the use and care of anti-gas respirators, the homes and the treatment of gas casualties. Fear Incendiary Bombs. One of the most fearful possibili- ties of an air raid is a rain of in. cendiary bombs. These of late years have been developed to a very high degree of efficiency, and are capa- ble of spreading disastrous fire rap idly with terrific toll. The Barnes Borough Council of London has rec ommended to the ARPD a type of local organization which is regard. ed as having considerable merit in fighting the incendiary bomb as well as poison gas. The Barnes engi- neer suggests that his borough be divided into fire-fighting areas, with a volunteer sub-brigade, trained in the use of respirators, in each area. These brigades would be equipped to put out fires caused by incen- diary bombs. Camouflaged trenches would be used for protection against gas attack. © Western Newspaper Unio “The Iron Mouth” By FLOYD GIBBONS Famous Headline Hunter with a mouth big enough to take him all in one bite. Well, the dinosaurs died off and you don’t see them any more, except gobbled by a mouth as big as a prehistoric monster's because nowadays we manufacture them-—make them out of iron, and put rows of sharp teeth in them, attach them to great mechanical animals and send them 1927. first real full-time job. highway bridge over Shark river Dave was just out of high school then, and working at his between Belmar and Avon, and working with a crew of grown men crew and also the smallest. the easiest job on the bridge. doing Dave a favor, on the bridge as well. The crew had run a temporary on that trestle they had rolled a bi cavating holes for the big foundation. The crane with sharp teeth set along t Con 1aws crane dropped that sc The jaws ck and dumped on was the youngest one in the the foreman had given him oreman might have thought he was ned it the most dangerous job He was trestle out over the water and out g crane with which they were ex- ich were to form the bridge's th a clamshell scoop—two great , hinged at the upper end. The of the excavation. scoop was hauled up and silt and the that a man could stand on. where it could get a good big bite of the mud they were dredging. crane, mud, and then stop it would push it to the desired spot. Then Jerry, operator of the n to within a few feet of the slimy on the edge of the caisson. its mouthful of mud. “Time and again,” says Dave, “Jerry would drop those half-ton We soon attained a certain rhythm Oke-—splash!’ so steady whole trouble was that those three b irds almost did do it in their sleep, LESS HE'S WIDE AWAKE. The planking again he almost lost his balance and did slip and fall. “I'm not sure hc of a sudden I was mud, right under scoop. It was proba to get my wits together, pen if that sco the gaping, and time and somehow, Dave ed,” he says, "but all was on my back in ti ot jaws of that half-ton clams that I lay there, trying ng of what would hap- on was And then, narrow, fell in. w it happer cCoOnas iber think And then, suddenly it began to find out. purely mechanical on Sam's part. at a certain interval for so long out thinking. Then-SPLASH! D Dave's body! to look as if Dave was going Oke! It was He had been giving that signal that now he was doing it with- own came the scoop right across d together. But in another second “There wasn’t much use in trying to yell,” says Dave, “for down there pumps. go at either side! I could see, to my horror, that and shut his eyes. ably be his last. And then caisson, Sam Smith had looked for him. the closing of the scoop. Up on the Dave and hadn't been able to see one of those excitable fellows. If Indian Name for a River Mary Harris, a heroine of the joining the Muskingum. carried into the valley of the Wal- honding, into what is now Coshoc- ton county, and later was married to a French Mohawk. She is be- lieved to have been the first white woman to live in this section so the Delaware Indians termed the stream Walhonding, which in their language, according to a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, meant “White Woman's Creek.” There are three popular theories concerning the derivation of the name Cuyahoga. Some claim the name can be traced back to the In- dian Cuyahogan-uk meaning ‘Lake River.” Others insist it was de rived from Carrihoga, or ‘News Carrier.” A third group contends the name was taken from Cays- haga, signifying crooked. The lat ter is probably correct as anyone tan see by looking down at its winding course. Some authorities consider it the most crooked navi gable waterway in the state. Poison in Berries and Leaves According to a Home Gardening expert, many common plants con- tain dangerous poisons, warns a writer in Pearson's London Weekly. There is deadly prussic acid in leaves and roots of arum lilies, in hawthorn berries, and in the leaves of the cherry laurel. Another acidic poison, oxalic acid, is contained in the berries of the barberry species. The poisonous cytistine is found in butcher's broom berries, and in laburnum seeds, while Christmas roses are dangerous on account of the helleborin in them. Every part of the common daisy, and the sticky juice of the dandelion stem, are also poisonous. Digitalin, a deadly drug, is con- tained in foxglove leaves, while hol- ly berries hold several poisons. Peo- ple are also warned against the ivy berries, which are full of heder- ine. Lupin seeds contain lupinine, and the berries of Daphne, daph- nine. The entire monkshood plant is impregnated with aconitine, and poppy heads are full of morphine, the chief narcotic agent in opium. Finally, the yew is dangerous on account of its taxine content. Tax- ine is a poison which causes suffoca- loweliold ® @ Questions For Steamed or Boiled Pud- dings—Puddings will not stick to the basin if two strips of grease proof paper are put crosswise in the basin before the mixture is poured in. * »* 4 Frying Eggs—Eggs are less lia- Shrink the Cord — When loose cover is washed. » » * Boiling Old Potatoes—Old pota- toes sometimes turn black during boiling. To prevent this add a squeeze of lemon juice to the Removing Stains on Hands with a slice of raw potato. * * » For Good Gravy—Did you know that gravy, to be served with roast meat, will taste much nicer and contain more nutriment if it is made with the water in which New Hot-Water Bottles—Have a little glycerine added to the water with which hot-water bottles are filled for the first time. This will make the rubber supple, and the bottle will longer. WNU Service, Don t BREAK YOUR BACK polishing floors This amazing new O-Codar wax gives your floors a besutiful fianh in 20 misutes. Suxply apply, let it dry—and your work is done! fe slishes itself! Non-slippery, won't check! Greater water resistance gives longer wear. losist on the gen wine O-Cedar for full satisfaction last POLISH PS » WAX Different Roads Our minds are as different as our faces; we are all traveling to one destination—happiness; but few are going by the same road. —Colton for WOMEN only CARDUI is a special medicine for the relief of some of the suffering Its from a woman's weak- ened co tion t has been found to make monthly periods less dis- agreeable, and, when its use has been kept up awhile, has helped many poorly nourished women to get more strength from their food. This medi cine (pronounced “Card-ui™) has been used and recommended by women for many, many years. Find out whether it will help you by giving it a fair trial. Of course, if not benefited, consult a physician, which res Always a Loser He who rests satisfied in mere- ly defending himself against sar- casm and abuse is always a loser. ~(oethe. Don’t Irritate Gas Bloating If you want to really GET RID OF GAS and terrible bloating, don’t expect to do it by just doctoring your stom. ach with harsh, irritating alkalies and “gas tablets.” Most GAS is lodged in the stomach and upper intestine and is due to old poisonous matter in the loaded constipated bowels that with ill.causing bacteria. If your constipation is of long stand. ing, enormous quantities of dangerous bacteria accumulate. Then your diges tion is upset. GAS often presses heart and lungs, making life miserable, You can’t eat or sleep. Your head aches. Your back aches. Your com. plexion is sallow and pimply. Your beats 4 foul. You are a sick, grouchy, wretched, unhapp n. YOUR SYSTEM 18 POISONED. Thousands of sufferers have found In Adisrika the guick, scientific way to rid their ems of harmful bacteria. Adlerika rids you of 8 and cleans foul poisons out of BOTH w and lower bowels, Give your Dowels » REAL cleansing with Adlerika. Get rid of GAS. Adierika does not gripe =is not habit forming. At Druggists., ee ——— are
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers