CLO.~THE Unions Learn to Use Mass Ag Methods ABOR in the mass production industries can protect its rights only by adopting the same mass production methods its employers use. That is the theory of the Committee for Industrial Organization, headed by bull-dog jawed, shaggy- browed John L. Lewis. The effectiveness of this appeal and the thoroughness of its practice in the recent sit-down strikes has all America speculating as to what is the eventual place Does John L. Lewis want to be President? Does he want to be able to name the man who will succeed F. D. R.? Will his left-wing labor movement be content to form a powerful force to insure higher wages, better hours, fairer working conditions? Or is it bent on com- plete social revolution? It is still too early to tell But it is not difficult to understand why so many labor students believe that C. I. O. will assume an im- portance to which the craft unions and the American Federation of La- bor have never risen. This is not to say that C. 1. O. sees no place for the craft unions. It approves them—but only in in- dustries which are organized on a craft basis. Workers in such in- dustries are scattered over the country in comparatively small groups. Employees Regarded Impersonally. In the largest industries—such as automobiles, steel, textiles, glass, oil, and a few others—workers are | concentrated in a few large groups. | Development of the machine and | the assembly line is eliminating the necessity for skilled craft labor and equalizing the importance of all types of workers. i In one of these industries work- ing conditions are the same throughout the entire industry. If scores of plants are controlled by the same big corporation, as in the case of the automobile firms, there is usually a general labor policy which is uniform throughout. The individual worker feels that he counts for little under such a pol- icy, especially if the owners of his plant are in another city. If he is regarded so impersonally by his | employers, he must bay ‘gai n with | them just as impersonally. This can be accomplished, the C. 1 O. tells him, when he and his fellows band together in one big industrial, or vertical, union. Large industries are organized on a mass production basis. Their pol- icies toward labor are determined and administered from a central point. C. I. O. even contends that a few wealthy interests have con- centrated control of all large indus- tries in Wall Street and present a united front against labor. There- fore it is necessary for the workers to present a united front against in- dustry. Acting on this premise, the C. I. O. has built up a closely integrated | network of industrial unions. Pol- icies for all of them are directed from C. I. O. headquarters in Wash- ington. Whenever there is trouble in one industry, the C. 1. O. is thus able to bring the full measure of its strength and wealth to bear in the situation. Sit-down strikes cost money, but C. I. O. has it. In these, the early industry needs expert advice and physical aid in picketing. It can send experienced men from the United Mine Workers to organize member unions in other industries. Make no mistake about it. Labor under the C. I. O. is big business. Initiation fees, special assessments and dues place millions of dollars at its disposal. This means C. I. O. has the wherewithal to expand from one industry to another as rapidly as efficiency permits. The part John L. Lewis played in swaying the la- bor vote in the last election guar- antees that C. I. O. shall have plenty of friends in federal and state governments. C. I. O. leaders are taking full advantage of their power. The very C. 10. the press. to reporters. potentialities of the C. I. O. modus operandi continue to attract bril- liant, effective young leaders who are a far cry from the traditional labor leaders of the past. They are not toughs and loud-mouths. They can read and write. Many of them are college-educated; some are ac- tually “career men." They do not operate in grimy little offices with battered cuspidors and nothing but the cobwebs to keep the plaster from falling off the ceiling. When they meet with industrialists they are ready to talk the industrialists’ language. Their offices are just as modern as those of their opponents. And frequently they know more about the enemy's business than the enemy does. These new leaders know that modern methods command the re- spect not only of the leaders of the days of its program, the United Mine Workers, John L. Lewis’ first love, have borne the brunt of the expense. They contributed most of the half million dollars needed to organize the steel workers, the hun- dreds of thousands to conduct the General Motors strike and the fi- nancial support for the Chrysler strike. Millions at C. I. O. Disposal. The advantage of the central or- ganization is further emphasized by the speed with which it is able to industries in which they are active, but of their own following. They use airplanes to speed from council to council. They engage the best suites in the best hotels. Their of- joes are located in the finest build- £8. Leaders are chosen from diversi- fied fields in which there are C. 1. O. On Its Own $ Ground fey ‘ LL) ¢ did during the 1936 campaign. we have covered above. tell him that his ‘‘economic fron- tier’ has disappeared; he can no longer, if he is dissatisfied, pick up and head west for new ventures, or try. Well Armed With Facts, They teach the worker that if he would obtain his social rights he must be concerned with more than wages and hours. C. I. O. tells him he must be assured some authority in determining the conditions under which he shall work. He must have some safeguard against the speed- ing up of production to an extent where the pace will hurt him phys- ically and may unreasonably cut down the number of jobs to be had. He must have assurance that his grievances will be adjusted fairly. There must be a definite under- standing as to the operations of the rules of seniority. All these things C. I. O. promises to accomplish for him. C. 1. O. leaders seldom can be bulldozed by the representatives of industry. They are well enough in- formed to recognize any tricks or misstatements at once. Their re- search departments arm them with statistics fully as convincing as those of the companies with whom they are dealing. C. I. O. knows a corporation's financial statement from A to Z, and its research de- partment has read between the lines. The corporations have clever law- yers who can tell their executives how to get around certain legal dif- ficulties, and are ever at hand to advise in negotiations. C. 1. O. Its lawyers in New York, burgh and other cities are a malch Legal organization against it in the conduct of sit-down strikes which have been held il- legal by most authorities. Even the high-powered propagan- da and public relations corps of industry has not been able to outdo the C. I. O. Newspaper men of wide experience handle the press relations of the C. I. O., and they have done a good job—in much the same way that the industrial press agents have wooed public opinion by inducing corporation executives to co-operate with the press. favorable relations with all news- papers, whether they are friendly, hostile or luke-warm. They give re- porters ‘‘tip-offs’’ when it is likely some big news will break. They send out mimeographed ‘‘releases’ of stories citing the union's side of a controversy. What is probably most important of all, they make sure that individuals in the union behave themselves in the presence of the press, never preventing a photographer from getting his pic- ture or giving a reporter a discour- teous reply. They encourage the leaders to sit down with the press and discuss problems “frankly.” There are few tricks of psychol- ogy C. 1. O, overlooks. C. 1. O. is determined to get somewhere. But how far? © Western Newspaper Union. “Two Kinds of Men” By FLOYD GIBBONS ODAY'S yarn comes from Samuel Brown of Dorchester, and I'll tell you the truth, I don’t know of anybody whe has ever had a more terrifying experience than Sam has. You remember that old Civil war marching song that starts out, “John Brown's body lies a moldering in the grave.” Well, sir, Sam Brown could have envied his namesake John at one stage of his adventure. He could have wished his body were moldering in some peaceful grave, instead of being BURNED ALIVE in blazing gasoline and scorching paint and white-hot metal. of them have had any success yet. four o'clock that afternoon he About The other car— a crash. had hit Sam's left rear fender. him-—and car was skidding! He saw the other car shoot past his own steering wheel. His Sam felt the car going, went, and suddenly, Over it WHEN HE ON TOP OF THE WHEEL. HIM, AND HE PINNED, HELPLESS, BENEATH "” says Sam. “I thought of my if so, how badly. And then Sar about possible didn't get From it grew to a thick cloud The engine was burning out from beneath that ir alive in a mr n looked up injuries in and then, PE sonin the car and forgot all injuries which—if he In a matter of seconds INTO FLAME. AFIRE. If Sam didn't get heel he would be roasted 3] dn’ t. He cov Says he: chest, “I groped around with it God it worked. the horn button—pushed it. Thank “I kept my free muster. It was my one chance, I would be burned to death. a horrible death.” The horn brought help. and I'm giving you and Charles Hamilton of Lakeport. of flames when they But they broke the glass in the It was nip and tuck. That wallet had $245 That was the last thing Sam saw. smoking iron frame. else—not even a hat. Dried Milk Was Used by Tartar, Mongol Warriors A publication of the Douthitt cor- poration gives the following story of the early history of dry milk: Marco Polo, the Venetian travel er of the Thirteenth century, record- riors subsisted on dried milk made by boiling the milk, skimming off the fatty portion which they put into a separate vessel, and setting the re- mainder in the sun to dry. Each sol dier carried ten pounds of this dry skimmed milk, and each day put a half pound of it’in a leathern bottle with as much water as was thought necessary. Their motion in riding produced a thin porridge upon which they made their meals. From that long ago time to mid- Nineteenth century, nothing more is of record concerning dry milk. was obtained. Cane sugar was added and the moisture was then pressed between rollers into ribbons; after further drying it was pulverized. This process was very slow; tory. combination of whole milk, of malted barley, and wheat flour, was commercially produced. Al though this product was not dry milk, it led to the development of a suitable process for drying milk. The “Steering Committee” A “steering committee” is an in formal committee in each house of congress, dominated by the leading members of the majority partly 0 ule McLaughlin Marshmallow Sweets Boil some sweet potatoes and mix in a little cream good-sized lun Pp of butter, in a baking dish and bake brown, Remove Mash and a lace until and cover the top with marshmallows; put into: the oven again and just let them get a rich brown on top. Copyright WHU Bervice Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are an effective laxative. Sugar coated. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers