By EDWARD W. PICKARD RESIDENT ROOSEVELT electri- fied congress with a surprise mes- sage proposing sweeping changes in the federal court system which would allow him to pack the Supreme Court with justices who could be expect- ed to uphold the con- stitutionality of New Deal legislation. He submitted a draft of a bill to ac- complish this reor- ganization. It pro- vides: 1. That for every federal judge with a service record of at least ten years ‘‘continuously or otherwise'’ who fails to resign or re- tire within six months after reach- ing the age of 70 the President shall appoint another judge. 2. That the number of additional judges so appointed shall not exceed fifty, the Supreme Court being lim- ited to 15 members, appellate and special courts to two additional members each and district courts to twice the present number of judges. President Roosevelt Court and three-fifths of other courts shall constitute a quorum. 4. That the chief justice of the Supreme Court shall transfer circuit and district judges to jurisdictions with congested dockets in order to speedup disposition of litigation. 5. That the Supreme Court shall be empowered to appoint a pro to supervise the conduct of busines: in the lower courts federal justice junctions congress are ‘“‘in clear vio the principle of equity t tions should be granted y in rare cases of manifest illegality and irreparable damage against which the ordinary course of the law offers no protection.” He asked that congress forbid any injunction or decision by any federal court touching a constitutional ques- tion without ‘previous and ample notice” to the attorney general to give the govern ‘to present evidence and be heard.” His bill proposed that any lower court decision which involved a con- stitutional question be appealed di- rectly to the Supreme Court, where which over all other business. New Deal leaders were expected to back the Presi- dent’s proposals solidly, while it be- came apparent that the conservative Democrats might align with solid Republican group in opposing it. The latter group saw in the bill a direct attempt to get rid of some of the older justices of the Supreme Court who have proved continual stumbling blocks for pet New Deal acts. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, approaching 75, has voted sometimes to sustain, sometimes to invalidate New Deal laws. Justice Willis Van Deventer, 78, has invari- ably opposed New Deal laws: so have James Clark McReynolds, 75: George Sutherland, 75, and Pierce Butler, 71. Louis Dembitz Brandeis, 80, has voted to sustain New Deal acts, except tin the cast of the NRA, rejected by unanimous decision. If the President is successful in putting over the proposed changes it will be the eighth time in the 148 years of the Supreme Court's history that the number of justices has been changed. The largest number ever to sit on the bench was 10 from 1863 to 1866, and the smallest number § from 1801 to 1802. ROUGHT together by Gov. Frank Murphy at the demand of the White House, representatives of both sides in the General Motors strike were in al- ow most continuous conference seeking a way to settie the controversy. The corporation was represented by Wil- liam 8. Knudsen, executive vice pres- ident, and John Thomas Smith of the legal staff. Act. ing for the strikers were John L. Lewis, head of the C. I. O., John Brophy, its director, and Homer Martin, president of the United Automobile Workers. It was reported that at one time the conference was near collapse. Then Governor Murphy received a message from the White House say- ing the President expected a settle- ment, During an interim the governor said both sides were in earnest and doing their best. Judge Gadola in Flint had issued en injunction ordering the sit-down pi strikers there to leave the plants. The sheriff served notice to the men and they jeered him. They then sent to Governor Murphy a bombastic message to the effect that they would resist eviction to the death. The mayor, city man- ager and police chief of Flint, as- serting the people were tired of strikes and violence, organized be- tween 500 and 1,000 police reserves. The police chief warned Lewis he ‘had better call off his strike if he doesn't want another Herrin mas- sacre.” A writ of attachment for forcible expulsion of the sit-down strikers was obtained by the G. M. lawyers. N ARITIME workers on the Paci- fic coast ended their long strike by accepting working agree- ments that had been negotiated in San Francisco and the 40,000 men returned to their jobs. Ships in all and prepared to resume business, and the ticket offices were thronged with passengers. Shipowners issued a statement as- serting the end of the walkout would mean a business revival for 1,000 industrial plants and 500 export of- fices up and down the coast. ECRETARY of the Interior Har- old Ickes and the national re- sources committee of which he is chairman have produced a public works and national g water program for the next six years, and it was submit- ted to congress by President Roosevelt en- dation that it should in- volves the expendi- ture of five dollars and calls annual 1s under proved projects, the funds to a permanent public works or development agency. As the chief part of the plan, Mr. Roosevelt presented congress with a list of some $2,750,000,000 worth of water conservation projects, in- cluding a $116,000,000 flood-control program in the inundated Ohio and Mississippi river valleys. In his transmission message the President warned congress against considering each project as a sep- arate entity. The report, he said, “should, of course, be read in con- j nction with the recommenda flood control, and so forth, already which have been submitted in the budget.” “During the depression,” he told congress, “we have substantially in- creased the facilities and developed the resources of our country for the common welfare through public works and work-relief programs. “We have been compelled to un- dertake actual work somewhat hur- riedly in the emergency. ‘Now it is time to develop a long- range plan and policy for construc- tion—to provide the best use of our resources and to prepare in advance against any other emergency.” The committee that drew up this program includes, besides Mr. Ickes, Secretary of War Harry H. Woodring, WPA Administrator Har- ry Hopkins, Secretary of Agricul- ture Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper, Frederic A. Delano, uncle of the President, and Charles E. Merriam, University of Chicago professor. D ESPITE the warm opposition of Democratic Senator J. W. Bail- ey of North Carolina and others, including the few Republicans, the senate passed the house deficiency relief bill carrying an appropria- tion of $048,725,868. Senator Bailey spoke in support of his amendment which would require a means test, or “pauper’s oath,” as some have called it, for states, counties, and their political subdi- visions to secure federal aid for their relief requirements. The amendment was rejected without a record vote. Out of the total allocated in the bill for ‘relief and work relief,” about $650,000,000 was expected to be given to the Works Progress Ad- ministration. From this fund aid will be given to victims of floods in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. Ie FINANCE for another year the social security board, vet- erans’ administration and about thirty other federal agencies, the house appropriated one billion, for- ty - six million dollars. The bill, passed without a record vote, car- ried a last minute amendment pro- viding that none of the funds ap- propriated should be available to pay for the expenses of any con- investigations such as the La lette and Wheeler inquiries. EVERISH work, day and night, by 120,000 pick and shovel la- borers all down the Mississippi from Cairo appeared to have won the fight to save the fertile lands along the river from the great flood. But engineers warned that the danger of inundation was not yet over. How- ever, most of the levees were hold- ing and the winds that had been driving the waters against them were subsiding. About 200,000 in- habitants of the valley had been forced to abandon their homes, but the Red Cross and other relief agen- cies were caring for them. At Cairo and Hickman were plenty of coast rescue the people if the embank- ments gave way. encircled Tiptonville, Tenn., and spread over adjacent thousands of ass lowland dwellers in Mississippi and Louisiana but engineers re- mained firm in the conviction the worst definitely would be over when the crests pass Arkansas and Ten- nessee. Harry Hopkins, WPA administra- tor, and other members of the spe- cial flood relief committee named by President Roosevelt, went to the flood areas with the expressed in- tention of seeing that the job of car- ing for the refugees was well done. Mr. Hopkins indicated he was pre- pared to spend $790,000,000—the en- tire deficiency work relief budget for flood relief if necessary. D® STANLEY HIGH, religious publicist who has been promi- nent among the administration sup- porters, is out of Presidential favor. He has been cashing in on his closeness to the White House by writing for periodicals, and his lat- est article, entitled “Whose Party Is It?", in the Saturday Evening Post, brought this statement re- leased by Assistant White House Secretary Early: “The Presiden the death of the ‘official spokesman’ in March, 1833. He now announces the passing of the so-calle tive spokesman-—those who w announced authorita- rite as Though High was not named, Mr. TALY and Turkey settled their utes in conf between erences ign ministers, Count ano and Dr. Tewfik Rustu Italy will participate in the gave Turkey the right to rearm the Dar- danelles, and Turkey is assured that Italian ambitions to possess Turkish Anatolia have been aban- doned. It was believed Mussolini consid- ered the time ripe to make friends with Turkey, first allaying Turkish suspicions and defining spheres of influence, in the hope Italy could woo Turkey from friendship with Moscow. Ga- Aras. "a a i a tion which ECRETARY of State Rafael J Montalvo of Cuba announced that Pedro Martinez Fraga had been appointed Cuban ambassador to Washington. He has been serving as minister to London and will suc- ceed Ambassador Guillermo Pat- terson, who has been transferred to Mexico City. "THIRTEEN of the Russian con- spirators tried in Moscow for plotting the overthrow of the Stalin regime were condemned to death by the trial court, and their pleas for mercy were reject. ed by the presidium of the communist executive commit. They were or- dered shot within 48 hours after sentence was pronounced. One of the execu- tioners said ‘‘they died like soldiers.” Gregory To the surprise of " the world, four of Sokolnikov the leading defendants were saved from the firing squad, being sen- tenced to terms of imprisonment. These were Karl Radek, once noted journalist, and Gregory Sokoinikov, former Soviet ambassador to Lon- don, given ten years each; and M. 8S. Stroilov and V. V. Arnold, or- dered confined for eight years. The judges said these four men, while guilty of treason, did not actually ing activities. still under arrest. OL. CHARLES A. LINDBERGH celebrated his thirty-fifth birth- day in Rome, whither he had flown with Mrs. Lindbergh in their new plane. From the Eternal City they flew to Tripoli to spend a few days with Gen. Italo Balbo, governor of Libya and himself a famous air- man. Then they planned to continue to Egypt EDERAL agents and Missouri state troopers were led by Rob- ert Kenyon, a twenty-year-old mor- onic police character, to a thicket fourteen miles from Willow Springs, where lay the body of Dr. J. C. B. Davis whom Kenyon had kidnaped and allegedly killed before attempt. ing to collect $5,000 ransom. Kenyon confessed the crime and was rushed By WILLIAM NATIONAL PRE rE Washington.—I have said in these a business. If any- body desires proof of that statement I think I am able now to offer the best possible evi- dence of the truth of that statement. Lately, W. Forbes Morgan, treas- urer of the Democratic national committee, has demonstrated be- yond the shadow of a doubt what politics as a business actually means. He did so in the recent an- nouncement that the Democratic national committee would seek to build up a ‘war chest’ of $10,000,000 that the vast New Deal party ma- Politics Is Business the momentum gained by the suc- cessful Presidential campaign of 1936 can be maintained and that the party can continue to function as a of voters may speak. It appears that Mr. Morgan will $10,000,000 together but it is significant that he is thinking terms so large as those mentioned in his announcement, It means sim- ply that the present control of the New Deal party is determined carry out to the nth degree the the- ory of its chairman, James A. Far- ley, recently as general of the United oniy ster Farley plays politics in ex- } manner that business same in a ven- tes chances tt th, he kn his workers, mi knows ture He when stakes are ver. he re . best nployed in the yr, when it comes under ley, is both businesslike and will be recalled how pretext arose, Democt national com sponsored such things which the faithful asked to buy high priced tickets, r banquet. It will how elaborate f the Democratic id by dsandg: how OUsSanas .; | La whenever the rratic lee as dinners to tickets, for an ol aiso pro- were s¢ the hu ’ e gunwha that rams were loaded to t advertising not well refuse space; how v were given, and how finally the in- augural ceremony when Mr. Roose- velit took office was turned gigantic political rally that spread itself into every hotel in Washington that had space for great dinners and dances. These things are but a few which demonstrated the Farley versatility but they prove to my mind that if the Democratic na- tional committee sets out to build up a real “war chest,” it will ac- complish exactly its objective. The committee set-up is the most pretentious yet attempted by any political organization. It has a large and exceedingly efficient staff of trained men and women and it runs like the well oiled machine that it is. It will cost money to keep that machine running at high speed, but Mr. Farley recog- nizes how elections are won. His philosophy is that the early bird catches the worm and so, al though there is not another election for two years, the Democratic na- tional committee is making ready for that election campaign right now. Unless the wise political stu- of concerns ictory Mr. Farley will know pretty well when the congressional the stump early in 1838 just what administration will be like. It goes without saying that he will be pre- pared for them. . * In contrast to the circumstances I have just related, it must be dis- heartening to wit. G. 0. P. ness the feeble, al- Contrast most futile, ef- forts that are shown around Republican headquar- ters. Of course, old time politicians always say that a winning horse can be financed, never a loser. John D. M. Hamilton, the Republican na- tional chairman, rode a losing horse. He came out of the race saddled with a gigantic deficit. Defi cits for losing political parties are not as easily financed as United States Treasury deficits these days and so Mr. Hamilton is having his troubles in that direction as well as finding any enthusiasm among Republican party workers. But that does not excuse the Re- publican national committee nor Mr. Hamilton. After all, it is to be remembered that for the Republican sas. That is not a small number, any way you examine it. It is a powerful segment of the American population but it is powerful only to the extent that its leadership devel- ops enthusiasm for the fight and ca- pacity to take it on the chin when victory goes the other way. Among the New Dealers who can be classified as sound politicians, there is considerable regret at the failure of the Republican leadership to get going. President Roosevelt, himself, would like to see more op- position because it would make his task much easier and would prevent some of the unsound legislation from seeping through congress on Fur- if there Re- thermore, were more i i chance of splits in the Democratic ranks Demo leaders entertain a very real fear of this possib in CONgress. ratic he corps of politi- writers i ashi , 1 hear much criticism of the Republicans who are various] described as Criticize Republicans “dead on their feet.’ They than not lowed the Democratic 1 ess They have ig national ¢ on every pla tiee Lo ¢ ¥ arvy th ar t ill be fewer Re- or senate there nan of all sooner or ) start cooking or m the kitchen. Otherwise, ich the Re- y has as a nucleus to build will become so , 80 disheartened at it will be im vary of Ore- ntinues to serve as Republi- leader in the » when, in the opinion of mx observers, he has failed to justify his title in any way. ] can st It will be recalled that he did nothing in behalf of Governor Lan- velt. Nor has he shown either the capacity or the desire to carry on as an opposition leader should carry on since the new congress convened. Again, this is not the fault of Chairman Hamilton. Frankly, I think it is the fault of the few Re- publicans in the senate. If they had any fight in them, or any faith in their party label, they would insist upon a militant leadership on their side of the senate chamber, small as There are much greater signs of fight among the house Republicans. 4 They are trying Signs of to make them- Fight the preponder- ance of Democratic strength in the house coupled with the gag rules which have been appliedwithout stint or limit by the Democratic majority, precludes Republican leader Snell and his associates from doing very much for their party in the house. Where senators have the privilege of unlimited debate, House members are allotted time and lately the time allotted to the Republicans has been infinitesimal. That, of course, is one of the spoils of victory and the Dem- ocrats cannot be blamed for assert ing their power. But the point of it all is that while Democratic Chairman Farley has his team on its toes, full of fight, ready to go, Chairman Hamilton has not even been vocal personally, much less has he been able to stir up fight among his associates. It is a situation from which most any- thing may emerge. Mr. Hamilton sought and was given a vote of con- fidence by his own national com- mittee shortly after the election. He cannot say now that his hands are tied insofar as the authority of lead- ership is concerned. So, it is made to appear that unless the present leaders of the Republicans really enter the arena, unless they show their ability to carry the fight to the enemy, it seems rather likely that new leaders will come from the ranks of the Republicans and the present group will become has- beens. © Western Newsps per Union, Striking Wild Ros Design in Cutwork Pattern 1337 ity of design needlework combine wild roses work. Do the flowers in ar too — it's very with cutwork. Use these des weets and pillow cases — scarfs and towels — an a chair back. Dress up your own home or ake them as gifts. Pattern 1337 of a hes, two motifs d pattern patches; stitches used; color sug- of these effective | easy to combiz on patiern or coins att patiern {lecraf York, If throat Is sore also, gure ge twice with 3 Bayer tablets Gimmalved in 34 glam of water, Quick Relief with 2 Bayer Aspirin Tablets The modern way lo ease a cold is this: Two Bayer Aspirin tablets the moment you feel a cold coming on. Repeat, if necessary, in two hours. If you also have a sore throat due to the cold, dissolve 3 Bayer tablets in 14 glass of water and gargle ‘with this twice. The Bayer J I internally will a aches, pains which usually a cold. The gargle will pro instant relief from soreness and raw- ness of your throat. Your doctor, we feel sure, will approve this modern way. Ask your druggist for genuine Baver Aspirin by its full name — not by the name “aspirin” alone. 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