By EDWARD
W. PICKARD
SIXTEEN men, arraigned in Mos-
cow on charges of plotting the
assassination of Dictator Josef
Stalin and the seizure of power in
the Soviet republic,
calmly pleaded
guilty. Two of them,
Gregory Zinoviev
and Leo Kamenev,
were members with
Stalin 13 years ago
of a triumvirate
that governed Rus-
sia and are well
known to the outside
world. The confes-
sions did not end
Gregory the trial, for the de-
Zinoviev fendants contradict-
ed and accused one another until
the case was in a jumble. Some
of them, like Zinoviev, proudly ac-
cepted responsibility for the plot,
which was said to have been engi-
neered by the exiled Leon Trotzky.
It was believed all sixteen would
face the firing squad.
Twelve more men and one wom-
an, the government announced,
were held for examination and
probable trial. Some of these were
involved by the confessions of the
sixteen conspirators.
In the case on trial the defend-
ants revealed the fact that not only
were they plotting the assassination
of Stalin and four others, but
planned also to betray Trotzky and
place Zinoviev and Kamenev in su-
preme power,
Trotzky, at Hoenefoss, Norway,
scoffed at the Moscow proceedings
as “humbug.” “For political ven-
geance,” he said, ‘‘the trial puts
the Dreyfus scandal and the reich-
stag fire in the shadow. The confes-
sions were forced by the ‘Ogpu’
(secret police), which gives the ac-
cused a choice between confession
according to the Ogpu’s desires and
taking lesser penalties or death.”
REMIER MUSSOLINI, insisting
that neutrality in the Spanish
war must mean absolute noninter-
vention, suddenly put Italy's air
force of 1,500 war planes in readi-
ness for flight to the aid of the Span-
ish rebels if France would not
abandon her support of the Madrid
regime.
News of this stirred the People's
Front government of France to in-
dignation. Officials in Paris said if
the rebels in Spain or otherwise
openly aided them, France would
have to abandon her neutral posi-
tion and help the socialists.
it was stated
factory agreement that would
clude both Italy and Germany.
Whether Germany would come in,
however, was still in doubt. Ber-
lin was further provoked against
the Madrid government by the stop-
ping and search of the German
steamer Kamerun by Spanish war-
ships off Cadiz. German warships
were ordered to protect German
shipping “by all means’ and the
German charge d’affairs at Madrid
was instructed to ‘‘protest imme-
diately and in the sharpest form
against the action of the Spanish
warship, which constituted a vio-
lation of all international law.”
ships finally had begun the long
threatened bombardment of San
Sebastian and Irun, goo
and that the loyal.
ists were carrying
out the threatened
execution of the
1,900 Fascist hos-
tages they were
holding there. The
battleship Espana
fired a lot of heavy
shells toward Fort
Guadalupe but for a 1 :
e at least was 4 f
Virgilio
apparently not try-
ing to hit that Cabanellas
stronghold because many of their
sympathizers were held prisoners
in the fort. The Guadalupe garri-
son was hesitant in returning the
fire for fear that shells would fall
on French territory. Already the
French government was angered
by the dropping of bombs on French
border towns, though it was disput-
ed whether they came from loyalist
or rebel planes.
The Fascists captured the impor-
tant town of Badajoz, near the Por-
tuguese border, at the point of the
bayonet, and were reported to have
executed 1,500 government adher-
ents taken there. The rebels also
reported a victory near Zaragoza
after a bloody battle. General
Franco met General Mola and
“President” Virgilio Cabanellas at
the northern rebel headquarters in
Burgos and planned for further ad-
ATALONIA, which for four years
has been an autonomous region
within the Spanish state, and which
has been supporting the Madrid
government against the Fascist reb-
els, sees in the present conditions
the opportunity to establish its full
independence. The generalitat or
government council decreed confis-
cation of all private property;
and then, “to eliminate dual con-
trol and place all responsibility in
one place,” all magistrates, judges
and others appointed by the Madrid
government were relieved of their
duties. The council also announced
it would act henceforth in complete
independence in maintaining order.
The Catalonian decree promulgat-
ed plans for a single tax and speedy
suppression of multiple taxation.
The basis for the new tax plan, al-
though undecided was presumed
to be income, not land, as the large
agricultural properties are to be
collectivized,
OPE PIUS XI, addressing pil-
grims from Malta, took another
whack at communism. Alluding ev-
idently to the civil war in Spain, he
says: “The world is upside down,
and sick from a grievous malady
which threatens to become graver
and more dangerous still. It is not
necessary to say to you Maltese
what this illness is, because you
have a definite part in the tribula-
tion.
*“There is only the hand of God to
aid humanity and put an end to the
horrible massacres which are go-
ing on and all the offenses against
human fraternity, against religion,
priests and God.”
|p REPARATIONS for President
Roosevelt's trip through
drouth region of the Middle West
were practically completed and the
Chief Executive was supplied with
all the facts and figures needed to
give him a comprehensive under-
standing of the situation before
starting. This information was fur-
nished mainly by WPA Administra-
tor Harry Hopkins, who was select-
ed to accompany Mr. Roosevelt on
the tour. Mr. Hopkins told the
President that in the drouth area
90,000 persons already are on the
WPA payrolls and that the number
eventually will be 120,000 to 150,000,
the relief work being continued
through the winter. At this time the
cost per man is about $50 a month.
Estimates of the amount of mon-
“dust bowl” were
given the President by Secretary
of the Treasury Morgenthau and
Acting Budget Director Daniel Bell.
MNJEITHER Fascism nor Commu-
nism will be tolerated in Czech-
oslovakia, which is “a firm, inde-
structible lighthouse of democra-
cy,” said President
Eduard Benes in a
speech at Reichen-
berg. But he told
the German minori-
ty which he was ad-
dressing particular-
ly, that he hoped
that in the fall “the
Locarno powers will
be able to work out
a plan for general 3
European co-opera- :
tion and that good President
neighborly relations - Benes
will be established between Ger.
Leaders of the German minority in
Czechoslovakia charge that unem-
1,000 population, compared with the
They charge that this is partly
hemian factories and failure to give
SOIL. conservation compliance is to
be checked by a system of aerial
photography, if the experiments
now being carried on by the AAA
are satisfactory. The plan is still
only on trial but several millions
of acres have already been photo-
graphed, it was learned today. So
far it is proving cheaper and more
efficient than the usual way of
checking farmers’ soil conservation
compliance. The a¥r pictures also
are being extensively used by the
soil conservation service to map
erosion and soil depletion and to de-
termine remedies.
SEVEN minutes of lively fighting
put Joe Louis of Detroit once
TERE is enough
United States for the usual do-
mestic requirements ot the season
of 1936-37, according to the mid-
summer report of the bureau of ag-
ricultural economics, but the supply
wheat in the
The amount, however, will not be
large, Secreiary Wallace stated.
a larger percentage of hard red
larger than usual quantity of soft
be used in bread flour.
be less than in 1935.”
Wheat prices in the United States
may be expected to average about
as high relative to world price lev-
els as during the 1935.'36 season,
when the price of No. 2 hard winter
at Kansas City was 15 cents over
Liverpool, the bureau said. During
the last three years short crops to-
Are
¢
They Failures Because
IN A recently published sym-
posium of twenty-eight authori-
ties on the present status of wom-
explain women’s failure. She
says it is natural for women to
fail. For "it is out of the neces-
sity for food and shelter and for
providing for the family that
most men have fashioned suc-
necessity has been a great handi-
cap on the activities of women.”
“What they have had to do,”
we are told, “women have often
high relative to the world market
price,
‘Farm prices probably have been
20 cents to 30 cents higher than
might have been expected with
more nearly normal yields in the
United States,” the report contin.
ued. *‘A return of average or great.
er than average yields in the United
States would result in an export sur-
plus and prices would adjust to-
ward an export basis.
“The acreage seeded for the 1036
crop, 74,000,000 acres, was the sec-
ond largest in history,’ and seedings
as large for the 1937 crop would
produce fully enough wheat for to-
tal domestic utilization even if
yields should turn out to be one-
fourth below average.”
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT was at
his best as a radio orator when
he addressed the summer camp at
Chautauqua, N. Y., on foreign rela-
gs pg tions. He expressed
. his deep concern
about tendencies in
other parts of the
world and spoke bit-
terly about the vio-
lation of both the
letter and the spirit
of inter national
agreements ‘“‘with-
out regard to the
simple principles of
. » honor."
President “Our closest
Roosevelt neighbors are good
neighbors,” the President said. “If
there are remoter nations that wish
us not good but ill, they know that
we are strong; they know that we
can and will defend ourself and de-
fend our neighborhood."
Mr. Roosevelt said he had seen
war on land and sea.
“I have seen blood running from
the wounded,” he said. *I have
seen men coughing out their gassed
lungs. I have seen the dead in the
mud. 1 have seen cities destroyed.
I have seen 200 limping, exhausted
men come out of line—the surviv-
ors of a regiment of 1,000 who went
forward forty-eight hours before. 1
have seen children starving. I have
seen the agonies of mothers and
wives. 1 hate war!”
Germans felt that Mr. Roosevelt's
speech was aimed at them and re-
sented his criticism. A Mexico City
newspaper saw in it evidence that
the Monroe doctrine was to be re-
vived,
%
TARTING its 1937 building pro-
gram, the Navy department
ers and six submarines. The bids
came from private shipyards and
estimates were submitted by navy
yards, according to law. The latter
were not made. public.
struction has advanced approxi-
mately $1,000,000 per vessél in the
last year. A year ago contracts for
destroyers averaged $4,000,000, and
$2,500,000 for submarines. Present
bids were about a million dollars
higher on each type of craft.
OLLOWING the recommendation
of Father Charles E. Coughlin,
the National Union for Social Jus-
tice, in convention in Clevelaud, in-
dorsed the candidacy of Represent.
atives Lemke and O'Brien. heads
of the Union party ticket. But, also
on the advice of the priest, the
The 25,000 members of the N. U.
S. J. present enthusiastically and
before the convention,
reception.
constitutionality of the com-
modity exchange act, chiefly on the
ground that it seeks to regulate in-
trastate rather than interstate com-
merce in violation to the Constitu.
tion, was filed in the federal dis
trict court in Chicago.
The suit was instituted by Wil
flam 8. Moore, a member of the
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and
names the SXchange: its board of
mothers efforts that in
other phases would be termed he-
roic. Likewise, during the World
war, women faced danger and
loss gallantly, and they were
happier than at any other time
in this Twentieth century. But
there are today so few things that
women have got to do.”
If our readers find that ridi-
culous, I am glad they agree with
me, says a noted writer on sub-
jects pertaining to women. To
call women failures
more men are in “Who's Who,”
because less women than men
have made positions for them-
selves in the professions and in-
dustries of the country, is pre
posterous on the face of it. It
leaves entirely out of account the
fact that success cannot be meas-
ured by rule of thumb, that it is
a relative term. Suppose a wom-
an who might have made a suc-
cessful office manager,
known author, >t a famous psy-
chologist, chooses instead to give
interest to raising a family.
question has been so often and
so ably discussed that I shall not
try to add to it.
However, in the statements
that men have a head start for
success in the necessity to pro-
vide for a family, and that wom-
en are at a disadvantage because
today ‘‘there are so few things
they have got to do,” there is
food for thought, and, perhaps,
for discussion, by our readers.
While it is undoubtedly true
that the success of many men has
grown out of their necessity to
{earn a living, there are countless
thousands to whom that necessity
has been the obstacle between
them and success. There, again,
it is the question »f what is meant
by success. It seems to me that
acquiring wealth is only one kind
of success, and it is success only
[to the man who started out with
| that as an object. And I have
{ known personally men whose con-
notation of success was making a
worthwhile contribution in certain
ability and talen for the work of
{of the necessity for the
| grind in a gainful occupation.
| As to there being “so few
| things that women have got to
| do" — isn't the emancipation of
| women from complete absorption
| in domestic
| Europe, the American woman is
| regarded as notoriously her hus-
| band’s superior in matters
| mental growth amd cultural at-
| tainment. The reason is obvious,
| of course, in his preoccupation
| with breadwinning which sets her
| free for the higher aims of self-
improvement and cultural and
civic betterment for her
| munity. Isn't that one kind of
| success?
' © Bell Syndicate. ~WNL Services.
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