i fl H i £78 @ ve bE / Washington,— Evidence Increases that Pialw 100, 4.5 RGIS Checkered Career r [ cerwoven win day is more in- terwoven with the nation's his- tory than any other American holiday and has had the most check- ered career of them all, a historical re- view of the long chain of circumstances surrounding this most pleasant harvest festival reveals, While Thanksgiving, as an annual event under the auspices of the state, is a legacy from the early New Eng- land colonists, it nevertheless was first proclaimed as a national day for giving thanks by the first President, George Washington, who was requested to do so by Joint resolution of congress in 1789, writes Gifford Ernest in the Chi cago Dally News, At intervals from then on to the present it has been observed nationally by proclamation of the President. The longest interval during which no proc- lamation was issued and the day was only observed by some and that section "ally, was about 50 years dgo. This hiatus in official national grati- tude occured between the presidencies of James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, During this lapse the southern states objected to its observance by presi dential proclamation on the ground that it was a relic of Puritan bigotry. During this long period of supremacy of the South and West In national af- fairs the festival was confined chiefly te the northeastern states Thursday has been most generally selected as the day of the week for observing the holiday. However, Wednesday has been occasionally used. Although November has been preferred The Horn of Plenty, Symbolic of the Occasion for Thanksgiving, as the month for expressing publicly the national gratitude, February, April, May, August and December have been designated at times. Wednesdays and Thursdays were se- lected by the Puritans of New England for their festive occasions In connee- tion with giving thanks for abundant harvests because they desired to have them as far as possible from the Chris tian Sabbath, which they observed with strict simplicity, The turkey typifies Thanksgiving vi. ands because Governor Bradford of Plymouth sent out four hunters to pro- cure a supply of game for the feast after the first harvest In the fall of 1621. Conspicuous among the game birds and animals bagged by the hunt. ers were numerous wild turkeys, which were common in the woods of Massa chusetts, From this circumstance arose the popular association of these hand. some and tasty birds with Thanks. giving, In time the day was observed in Connecticut; later the Dutch of New Netherland proclaimed a public day for giving thanks. During the Revo. lutionasy war congress recommended 8 for Thanksgiving. Thursday, No- : 20, 1780, was proclaimed by President George Washington the first national Thanksgiving day after the setting up of the republic. After President Adams’ proclamation for the observance of April 25, 1799, an- other one wasn't for 13 years, when President Madison revived the day and designated a Thursday In Aug- ust, 1812, as the day for Thanksgiving. Two other such days were appointed and then the lapse until President Lin. coln set aside Thursday, August 6, 1863, as a day of Thanksgiving, und then later in the same year designated the “last Thursday of November next” for the same purpose. President Lincoln's proclamation was as follows: The year that is drawing toward its close has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fSelds and healthful skies, To these bounties, which are se constantly enjoyed that we are prome to forget the (0 IVls | ROL HTL Yl issued i yay 3 Maria Leonard Pean of Women University #f ITinois HERE probably has been no sub ject since man's beginning more discussed than prayer. Religion ists have claimed it to the spiritual world as a form of worship. Scientists not being able to classify it into formula or fact have dismissed the subject as not belonging to the sel entific world. What is prayer, and where does it belong, and to whom? According to the present status of the human race there are three kinds of prayer. The first type of prayer is petition, Begging for something which one has not, whether it be for something to have or to be, 1t is asking God to give. This type of request ls pseudo-prayer, and should bear the name of petition. The second type of prayer is the kind that brings our na- tion, at the President's proclamation, to its knees on Thanksgiving day in gratitude, for Thanksgiving means gratitude. It is an attribute of the heart. Even though grateful, one can also be selfish, Gratitude is sometimes lacking In human beings and found in dogs. Today, we the American people are not as grateful for our splendid country, with its privileges of free edn. cation, its noble liberty of religious thinking, its art, fine music and litera. ture, as were those first Pligrim fathers who dared the bleak barren coast of early New England. “Give us this day our dally bread” is more often “sald” than prayed, and in how many American homes today do little children never hear a word of grace or gratitude at the beginning of a meal This is short measure of his rightful heritage. Gratitude is one of the courtesies of character, an amenity of the heart. It can be cultivated by always comparing your lot in life with that of someone who has less rather than more than you have. This always brings gratitude plus contentment. However, this second type of prayer goes only half way to the heart of God, and should only bear the name of gratitude, not prayer, The third kind of prayer must in clude others If we wish it to ascend higher than our heads. A great and fine woman, internationally known, sald to me once, that she prays God to help her answer prayers of others, would be surprised,” she sald to me, “how many opportunities dally come belonged © Western Newspaper Union. source from which they come, othe ers have been added, which are of so extraordinary a nature that they cannot fall to penetrate and soften the heart which is habitually in. sensible to the evere-watehfal provi. dence of almighty God, In the midst of a civil war of an. equaled magnitude and severity, which bas sometimes seemed to for. elgn stntes to javite and proveke thelr aggressions, peace has been preserved with all astions, order has been maintained, the lnws have been respected and obeyed, and har. mony has prevailed everywhere, ex cept in the theater of military con. fiet; while that theater has been greatly contracted by the advancing armies and navies of the Union, Needinl diversions of wealth and of strength from the fields of peace ful industry to the national defense have not arrested the plow, the shattle, or the ahip: the ax has en. larged the borders of our settle. ments, and the mines, as well of from and conl an of the precious metals, have yielded even more abundantly than heretofore, Popu. intion has steadily Inereansed. not. withstanding the waste that has been made In the camp, the slege, and the battlefield, and the country, rejoicing In the consciousness of augmented strength and vigor, Is permitted to expect continuance of yenrs with large increase of free dom, Ne human counsel hath devised, wor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things, They are the gracious gifts of the most high God, who, while dealing with as is anger for our sins, hath neverthe. lens remembered mercy, It has seemed to me it and proper that they should be solemnly, rev. erently and gratefully acknowledged an with one heart and one voles by the whole Ameriean people. 1 de, therefore, Invite my fellow. cltisons In every part of the United States, and aise those whe are at sea and those who are sojourning In foreign Innds, to set apart and ahserve the Inst Thursday of November next as a day of Thanksgiving and pralse to our beneficent Father who dwell. eth in the heavens, And | recom. mend to them that, while offering up the aseriptions justly due to him for singular deliverances and bless. ings, they do alse, with humble pen. tence for omr national perverse. ness and disobedience, commend to hin tender onre all those whe have become widows, srphans, mourners, or sufferers in the lamentable clvil strife In which we are unavoidably engaged, and fervently tmplore the Washington Proclaimed the First Na tional Thanksgiving Day. interposition of the almighty hand to heal the wounds of the aation, and to restore If, as soon as may be consistent with the Divine par. poses, to the full enjoyment of pesics, harmony, tranquility and union, In testimony whereof, 1 have hereunto set my hand, and enused the seal of the United States to be aMxed, Done at the eity of Washington, this third day of October, In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United Sintes the elghty.eighth, A. LINCOLN By the Prestdent: WILLIAM WH. SEWARD, Secretary of State. i President Andrew Johnson in his | first Thanksgiving proclamation de. parted from the precedent of Washing. ton and Lincoln and designated the first Thursday of December, 1865. The following year he returned to the last Thursday of November and all his sue. cessors have followed sult. ANNUAL REMINDER *[ BANESGIVING day comes as an annual reminder that there is always for which to be grateful, even If its discernment requires and su perior intelligence, hour week when congress reconvenes, In fact, despite the bitter opposition of many business men, particularly large employers whose plants require continuous operation to obtain maxi mum efficiency and economy, the prob- abllity is that congress would pass the 80-hours week bill at this session If the union labor leaders were sincerely for It. Nearly every development is grist to the mill of the measure’'s advocates, For example, the latest government figures show that wage payments—a rough way of stating employment have advanced to within 71 per cent of normal. But production as a result bf that employment and these wages has reached 01 per cent of normal, It's technocracy all over again—the recurring of how constantly problem the products of the decreasing number workers, Many experts still think that cycle, far more than the loss of cash by the purchase of foreign bonds that and infinitely more market crash, the which began in this country in 1029 : of later defaulted, than the sponsible for stock economic has ever been advanced to this writer than what ham, In August, before, the trict employed 42.0600 August, 19253, they were only 24.000 men. But they ing out more steel! Down the Line 15.000 well discovered In 1929, mills he Just = of toe] that had men, emp were In short, pald the local stores, squeezing were department store were wearing their pennies. forced to cut expenses went all than market crash advertising. And so It way down the months before the stock line more Pittsburgh, Gary. Youngstown, cago and Bethlehem The same sort of thing. to a8 greater or lesser éxtent, was happening In every other indus try, which meant that the buying power of the country was being dried up. tut virtually nobody realized It! in CONZress SO much sentiment developed for the 30 hour bill that, In the early stages leader after leader told a group of editors Inquiring into the general leg- islative situation that they expected some modification of the 30-hour meas ure, if not that itself, to pass. It dia not pass because union labor leaders traded It for the Wagner labor rela tions bill. They far preferred that, There are two major objections to the 30-hour proposal, one by the big employers, and the other by some of the very people who believe that the type of thing illustrated by the Bir mmgham steel mills not only caused the depression, but has held back the return of prosperity. The objection of the employers Is that It will disrupt their organiza- tions. Thirty hours a week is only five six-hour days. Such a limitation on work hours does not fit in readily with shifts. And of course there Is always the objection to a blanket raise In wages, boosting production costs. This last phase Is especially true now because business generally Is concerned over the resentment of house. wives in particular and buyers In gen- eral over advancing prices. Also be- cause they know that security bill taxes for old age pensions, unemploy- ment Insurance, ete, are shortly go ing to advance production costs fur ther, The objection by the theorists is that any such move Is just a temporary palliative. Further advances in labor saving machinery-additional shortcuts will come. They fear the 30-hour measure might prove a veritable strait jacket. Stock Rise Too Fast The stock market has been rising too rapidly to sult the administration. Information to this effect comes from the same sources that enabled the writer to make this same statement in June, 1033, when It may be remem- bered, the adminigtration smacked the market down and took con siderable pleasure in the process The administration does not want any such crash at the moment. In fact, all It wants Is a small decline, and It does not want that until after the last session of The significance of this Is that It knows many business executives plan thelr budgets around the end of De. cember and at that time lay out their plans for expenditures and expansions during the year. For this process the and fall Politics 18 behind all this, The New Dealers fear If the present boom con- tinues, well through the winter, there Is likely to be the normal setback in the summer and fall. The effect of this on the country would be precisely opposite to that desired, The most encouraging sort of stock market movement to the country, the New Dealers figure, 18 the creeping advance, It Indicates Improving busi. ness prospects, not speculation Jut it cannot occur, very well, after a big bull movement, especially If stock prices have been pushed up during that bull movement far beyond any sane ratio to earnings and dividends, There's the Rub Now that in. For “breathing spell” is despite where the rub all this and reassuring close to the COMmoeR talk about busi. nesK, every one tration knows that there are g taxes taxes, oing to be more ~g nd New after election assuming Deal Is continued by the voters next these the on business. Espe- cially big business, ’ Although this Is absolutely clear to anyone, no matter remote ich with the White House, who ca studies how from re- official the no should be imposed on the President's {he pointed the 3 in that out spell” statement iow, already burdened by has not to con Hence idate thelr if stock prices at the to be high, known that stock prices y what the b as uyers and future prospects, JO, Hence corporations much greater load must shoulder a of The most significant pgint about recent poll taken Press association, the the American shows a con- loosevelt Pop by which ularity, Is the clear demonstration, by certain unstated to- gether, that the agricultural plank of Roosevelt's may decide whether the New Deal is to have four more years, or is to die on March 4, 1037, pulling points opponent Most important In the poll is not the fact that Northeast turned against President Roosevelt. This has been known for some time—been gen- erally accepted since the Rhode Island Nor is the fact that New The big point poll shows sentiment President, apparently on the returns so far in and as of today, to indicate the Presi dent might lose the electoral votes In Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota and South Dakota. Also Wisconsin, To appreciate the significance of this, 8 resort to electoral votes is necessary. In these dispatches some months back it was pointed out that Roosevelt could lose every state north of the Mason and Dixon line, and the Ohio river, and east of the Mississippl, except Wisconsin, and also lose Cali fornia, Kansas and Delaware, and still have 200 electoral votes, or three more than enough, In short, he could lose all New Eng- land, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Kansas and California, and still win, At the time this table was presented by the writer largely to show the tre- mendous Importance of New York, and hence the possibility that Tam. many Hall could re-elect Roosevelt by straining every nerve to get out the vote, or defeat him by mere apathy. This was on the theory that upstate New York would probably be about the same in sentiment as its neighbor. ing states in New England Loses New York This emphasis on New York Is abundantly justified by the recent poll, which Indicates New York Is against the President. Also two of the trans Mississippl states included In the anti list in these dispatches—California and Kansas, 80 that the important new point is really involved in the additional Middle the has bs election the the that inst is aga organization sets out to deliver It to | no one has Eavesdropping on the “Monticello Party Line” The Monticello Party Line is an begun on a series of middie-western and southern stations. It is unique in that all of the action takes place over the party line—and the listener is simply “eavesdropping” on the fun. the dally activities, the occasional troubles “that keep the people of Monticello busy on the line. The setting of the program is @ real community, Monticello, Ilinolg— the home town of Dr. Caldwell's Byrup Pepsin, sponsor of the show — Ady, Don't Guess But Know Whether the “Pain” Remedy You Use is SAFE? Don’t Entrust Your Own or Your Family’s Well - Being to Unknown Preparations THE person to ask whether the preparation you or your family are taking for the relief of headaches is SAFE to use regularly is you family doctor. Ask k particu! ly about Genuine BAYER ASPIRIN. He will tell you that before the discovery of Baver Aspirin “pain’’ remedies were advised against by physicians as bad for the stomach and, often, for the heart, Which is food for thought if you speck quick, safe relief. Scientists rate Baver Aspirin among the fastest methods pet dis- covered for the relief of headaches matism, neu- ritis and neuralgia. And the experi- ence of millions of users has proved it safe for the average person to use regularly. In pour own interest re- member this. You can get Genuine Bayer Aspirin st any drug store — simply by asking for it by its full name, BAYER ASPIRIN. Make it a point to do this — and see that you get what you want. Bayer Aspirin ost We Listen “When money talks it is In the z form of a money logue I'M SOLD It always works Just do what itals do, and the doctors insist on. Use a good liguid laxative, and aid Nature to restore clocklike regularity without strain or Bt ax ver oi can always Si San Sh doses. Reduced is the real secret of relief from Ak a Qocsur Bout tis. Ask ur droggist very popular Dr, - s Syrup os Decne, It gives the right fof help, nd right amount of help. Taking a little each time, gives the bowels a chance to act of their own accord, until they ant i y and th moving regular thout help a Dr, Caldwell's $ senna and oe, ELLIE or a 50 SatipaTion without aout: Miserable with backache ? ———————————— DOANS 48
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers