Current AR 1s on In east Africa. Mus- golini’s troops in Eritrea invaded Ethiopia because, according to a note he sent the League of Nations, of the Ethiopian mobilization, though this was not ordered until after the Itallans had crossed the border and occu- pled strategic positions south of Mt Mussa : All Baltingheta Heroul, the Ethiopian foreign minister, sent to the league this message: : “A telegram received Baltingheta (tober 3 from Ras Heroul Seyum, informs the imperial government that Italian mil {tary airplanes this morning bombard- ed Aduwa and Adigrat, leaving many victims among the civilian population, including women and children, and de- stroying numerous houses, “A battle is at this moment taking place in the province of Agame. “These events, occurring on Ethl oplan territory, constitute a violation of the empire's frontier, and a breach of the covenant of the league, through Italian aggression.” A Reuters dispatch from Addis Ababa sald the Italian force advanc- ing on Agame had been defeated, but this report probably was false, The Italians, moving south from the Asmara region, crossed the Mareb riv- er frontier at widely separated points and converged in heavy columns to- ward Aduwa, the scene of the terrific Italian defeat 39 years ago. Govern- ment authorities in Rome at first de- pled that Adua and Adigrat had been bombed, but this action was reported by American correspondents with the Itallan army. Halle Selassie's order for general mobilization was carried throughout the empire by the ominous beating of the war drums, and his eager warriors responded by the hundred thousand. The emperor's first war order was to his chieftain, Ras Kabada, and three other generals, to take 50.000 men to Mt. Mussa All. The defense in the North was entrusted to the Negradas of Wollacho. It was estimated at Ad- dis Ababa that the emperor could count on the services of about 1250, 000 fighting men, and the women also are ready for active work In the con- flict. mass gatherings of all Fascists In Italy. Millions of Black Shirts in all the cities dropped everything and as sembled to cheer for the Duce and his African adventure, From the balcony of the Venezia palace in Rome the premier shouted the words that com- mitted his nation to a policy that may mean either victory or ruin. He reit- erated his determination to seize ter- ritory from Ethiopia but declared he would do everything possible to pre. vent the campaign from bringing on a European war. But he warned the League of Nations and all nations to keep their hands off, saying: “To sanctions of an economic char acter we reply with our discipline, our sobriety, and our spirit of sacrifice. To sanctions of a military character we will reply with measures of mil itary character. To acts of war we will reply with acts of war.” Summoned hastily to a meeting of the league council In Geneva, the statesmen of Europe found themselves confronted by the fact that an unde clared war was being waged by a league member against a league mem- ber. Article XVI of the league cove- nant provides for severe penalties for such a war when the aggressor has been determined. The sanctions range through an economic and financial boycott to final military penalties. Be. fore going to Geneva, Anthony Eden of Great Britain conferred with Pre. miler Laval of France In Paris. He had instructions to throw the full support of his movement behind league efforts to Isolate or halt the conflict In Af. rica, French officials believed that if sanctions were applied by the league, they would be only economic, which would shut off loans and raw mate. rials from Italy. The mobilization of the British navy in the Mediterranean and the Red sea continued with ac celerated speed. IRM assurance that the United States would not be drawn Into a foreign war was given by President Roosevelt In his address at San Diego. He sald: “We not only earnestly desire peace but we are moved by a stern deter. mination to avold those perils that will endanger our peace with the world, As President of the United States I say to you most earnestly once more that the people of America and the government of those people intend and expect to remain at peace with all the world.” Ia Washington Secretary of State Hull made a strong plea for peace, de- claring that economic recovery 1s be. ing retarded by international political uncertainty, He warned that world political stability cannot be achieved without a revival of world trade and that war will block trade, BULCARUR conspirators formed an elaborate plot to assassinate King Boris III and seize control of the gov- ernment, but they were folled and many persons were arrested. Among them were 27 army officers and former Premier Kimon Gueorgulefl, Sources close to the government de- clared an attack was to have been made on the king as he appeared be- fore his subjects to review a parade in celebration of the anniversary of his accession to the throne. March- ing soldiers were to have been without ammunition, and in the confusion fol- lowing the attack the plotters hoped to take control of the arsenal and pub- lie buildings. AJ. GEN. MALIN CRAIG, a vet- eran of two wars and command- ant of the war college, was appointed chief of staff of the American army by President Roosevelt, He took office immed!- ately, succeeding Gen, Douglas MacArthur who is on his way to the Phillippines to be military adviser to the new Island common- wealth, Cralg is ad- vanced to full general- ship, Born In St. Joseph, Mo, In 1875, Craig was graduated from West Point in 1808, Immediately afterward he saw serv- ice In Cuba during the Spanish-Amerl. can war, and In June, 1800, participat- ed in the China relief expedition made necessary by the Boxer outbreak. Aft- er service In various army posts in this country, Cralg, upon American en- trance into the World war in 1917, was assigned as chief of staff of the Forty- first division and sailed with that out- fit for France, Later he became chief of staff of the First army corps, serving in that position until the armistice signed. For his fine work In the World war he received the Distinguished Service Gen. Malin Craig gion of Honor and Croix De Guerre of France, Order of the Bath of England, Order of the Crown of Belgium, and Order of the Crown of Italy. REASURY report for three months ending September 30 showed a first. quarter deficit of $S32.000000. This was 34 per cent greater than for tha corresponding period a year ago which at that time was a record deficit. Ex. penditures for the quarter amounted to $1.830000000, This was an average of about $20,000,000 a day. The deficit occurred in spite of in- creased taxes and other revenues in- cident to Improved business. Total revenues for the three months were $008,000,000 compared with $854,000. 000 in the corresponding period of tha preceding fiscal year, A substantial amount of the In. crease in expenditures was due to AAA payments to farmers. Increased army, navy and other departmental spending, as well as larger allocations to veterans’ adjusted service certificate fund, public debt sinking fund, and civil service retirement fund, contrib. uted to the increase In regular expen ditures, OTATO control was the subject of discussion at a hearing called by the AAA In Washington, and officials, farmers and consumers were given a chance to say what they thought about the Warren act, which provides for quotas for potato growers with a prohibitive tax on production In ex- cess of quotas, and is armored with jail pen- alties for wiliful buy- ers or sellers of boot- leg potatoes, This act was op posed by the New Dealers, and Secre- Wallace tary of Agriculture Wallace sald at the conference that he does not wan! to enforce It and will do all In his power to avold enforcing it. He of- fered several plans for voluntary meth. ods which would reduce potato sur pluses and raise prices, He con tinued : “Potato growers are In real trouble and the AAA wants thelr judgment on possible cures for potato problems. Potato prices are about half gf parity and the AAA desires to get the full benefit of the judgment of potato pro- ducers concerning plans for increasing their returns” TE AAA announced a production program for cigarleaf tobacco for the next four years. It provides a maximum acreage production of 40 per cent. Benefit payments will goar antee producers not less than “fair ex- change value,” or parity, for the crop. Contract signers will be prevented from growing tobacco on farms other than those covered by the contract. RAVELING rapidly to the Pacific | coast for some fishing, President | Roosevelt delivered several important | addresses. The first was at Fremont, | su Neb, where he spoke | to about 15,000 farm- | ers and was enthusi- | nstically received. Mr, | Roosevelt set forth the | chief accomplishments | of his administration | to date, and challenged his opponents to do better. He defended the legality of the : New Deal doings and “* made it plain that he President 1d continue to car- | Roosevelt .. on experiments for | the welfare of the people. Defining his idea of constitutional government, he sald its true function is “to pro- mote the general welfare, not by inter. | fering unduly with individual liberties, but by bringing to the aid of the indi | vidual those powers of government which are essential to assure the con tinuance of the inalienable rights which the Constitution 4s intended to guarantee, It is democracy In the | good old American sense of the word.” | Coming to the AAA, in which his hearers might be supposed to be most vitally Interested, the President as- serted that “agricultural adjustment is an expression In concrete form of the human rights those farmer patriots pought to win when they stood at the bridge at Concord, when they pro claimed the Declaration of Independ- ence, and when they perpetuated these ideals by the adoption of the Constl- tution.” i No matter what attempts may be | made to tear it down, “the principle of farm equality expressed by agricul- | tural adjustment will not dle,” the ! President told the crowd The AAA has made “honorable his | tory,” the President declared, and as | a result, smoke Is pouring from chim- | ys agaln and workers without regu- | lar jobs are obtaining employment. He served notice that it is the pur pose of his administration to “use ev- ery square mile of the United States for the purpose to which it is best adapted.” Nature must be harpessed | instead of despolled, he asserted. At Boulder Dam the President as- sisted in the dedication of the great project and delivered an address in | which he announced that government spending for employment purposes was nearing its end and that now pri- vate Industry must take up the bur den of decreasing the army of the un- employed. He defended the adminis tration against the charges of “boon doggling” and sald its efforts “meet with the approval of the people of the nation.” He touched only lightly on the power quesiion. Secretary Ickes, i who niso spoke, sald Boulder Dam | should be re-named Johnson Dam, in | honor of Senator Hiram Johnson. Again at Los Angeles In the Holly wood Bowl and at San Diego the Chief Executive delivered adddesses, and then he went to catch some fish, )I.. FRANK KNOX, publisher eof the Chicago Dally News, is now an accredited candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination, for he has received the (ndorse x ment of the Republi can state central com mittee of Illinois Col onel Knox has been In | A receptive mood for | a long time and has traveled all over the country making speeches. In various | unofficial straw votes be has been placed second, only Senator Borah being preferred to him. Addressing the [llinols central com- mittee, Colonel Knox sald: “I bave been from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from West Virginia on north, and | everywhere | find that the Republicans | not only think that they will be vie torious but they have a deep sense of | responsibility to rescue the country from the hands of socialists” AN SWERINGEN brothers have regained control over the vast rail. | way and real estate empire they built | and lost to New York bankers. At the height of the boom this was valued at $3,000,000,000. it was taken by a bank- | ing group when the Van Sweringens | defavited on loans of $48,000,000 and | was put up at auction. The brothers | regained control for $3,121,000 by bid- | ding In the majority stogk of the Al- | leghany corporation, holding company for all but one of the so-called Van | Sweringen roads, Including the Chesa- | peake & Ohlo, Pere Marquette, Nickel | Plate, Missouri Pacific, and Chicago | & Eastern Illinois, and the Van Swer- | Ingen corporation through which the brothers ruled their vast real estate possessions. N HIS second trial Nelson Rounse- | vell, publisher of the Panama Amer. | lean, was convicted by a federal jury | in the Canal Zone District court on a | libel charge resulting from his eritl | cism of conditions at Fort Clayton, | The charges were brought by Ma). Gen. Harold B. Fiske, commanding the Panama canal department, and Col. James V. Heldt, commander of Fort Clayton. J RXusT P. BICKNELL, for 27 years prominent In the American Red Cross, died In Washington at the age of seventy-three soon after his return from Hawnil. He was vice chairman in charge of insular and foreign opera: tions of the Red Cross and directed relief of the San Francisco earth quake ; floods in the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; the Cherry and other mine dis asters; forest fires and many catas trophies abroad, including the Messina earthquake in Italy, TEAR MARKS STAMP A curlous variety of the one-cent Canadian silver jubllee stamp has been found by phllatelists, The first stamp in the third row .of the top left of the sheet shows a distinct tear drop falling from Princess Ellza- beth's left eye to her cheek, Cana- dian collectors have christened the variety “the crying princess’ —De- troit News. Ir n y a ENTIRELY OF WOMEN The Women's Mission Workers of which recently celebrated is believed Safe Ro (oTVITa" iissionary society composed entire Its workers are active mong the Lapps of northern Eu LH fongolln and Congo, North nd the )iddle East, Africa, “I Simply “There's not a better baking powder made!” says Mrs, Owen H. Fleming, of Js Judson Ave., Evanston, lil. MRS, FLEMING and Calumet are staunch friends. “I never have seen any sense in taking chances with your baking,” she says “when you can use Calumet and be sure of success. “I'veconverted lotsof my friends to using Calumet, too. And they all say the same thing I do—it's the one baking powder that's ab- solutely dependable!’ * - - A SIMPLE TWIST... and the Eary- Off 109 bifts off. No spilling, we broken finger-nails! WHY DOES CALUMET give such astonishing “baking luck” ? Why is Calumet different from other baking powders? Because Calumet combines two dis- tinct leavening actions. A quick one for the mixing bowl, A slower one for the oven...snd Calumet’'s famous double action is so perfectly balanced and controlled thet it produces perfect leavening—every time. Calumet is so economical! Moderately priced to begin with... a full 16-0z. in weight...a can of Calumet, the Double-Acting Baking Powder, goes so much farther! CALLING ALL CARS ~— CALLING ALL CARS. CAPES FROM STATE PENITENT=~ IARY. HE'S HEADED NOQTH ON ROUTE 31 — IN A BLUE TOURING CAR § SAY, ISNT THIS ROUTE 31 ¢ i 1, CAR, 01ZZY! AND ~ ITS SURE TRAVELIN' be : ¥ THE COPS ARE ' CHASING IT, Too | | {anD Look wo E MADE THE oUT~ ourl oizzy ocean —— GEE, DIZZY, YOU LI CERTAINLY HAD | THAT OLD CON=- TROL AND SPEED WHEN YOU BEAN- WELL, | GET PLENTY OF GET SO MUCH EXERCISE AND SLEEP, eneracy, Oi1zzY Tl AND | EAT ENERGY~ ll wo MAKING FOOD, TOO. LIKE THAT GRAPE-NUTS THERE. HOW ‘BOUT H ELPING
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers