o HREE unanimous decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States shook the New Deal to its very foun- dations. In the first and most im- portant, read by Chief Justice Hughes, the heart was cut out of the NRA, for the court ruled that the entire code structure of the act was invalid, the code making provi sions being an uncon- stitutional delegation by congress of its au- thority to legislate to Sa persons not connected Chief Justice 44), the government's Hughes legislative functions, By the ruling the exercise of con- gressional powers over commerce was definitely restricted to Interstate com- merce, or to such activities as have a provable direct connection with inter- state commerce. The court held that no economic emergency could justify the breaking down of the limitations upon federal authority as prescribed by the Constitution or of those powers reserved to the state through the fall ure of the Constitution to place them elsewhere, Next In importance was the decision read by Justice Brandels, holding un- constitutional the Frazier-Lemke farm mortgage moratorium act. This law provided for a five year moratorium In the case of collapse of efforts to scale down a farmer's debts to a figure that would enable him to pay off his mort- gage. The court held that under the Fifth amendment to the Constitution private property could not be taken without just compensation. There has been no previous instance, the court said, where a mortgage was forced to relinquish property to a mortgagor free of lien unless the debt was paid In full In the third decision President Roosevelt's dismissal of the late Wil llam E. Humphrey from the federal trade commission was held illegal be cause the President did not remove Mr. Humphrey for the statutory grounds of inefficiency, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, but, as the President stated, because thelr minds did not meet upon the policies or administration of the commission. The court held that trade commission. ers’ terms are fixed by law, HERE was consternation and con- fusion among the administration forces in Washington, and no one could say immediately just how much the New Deal had been damaged or what could be done to repair the damage to its structure. Donald Richberg, chair man of the national Industrial recov- ery board, after a White House con- ference, issued a statement saying that “all methods of compulsory enforce- ment of the codes will be Immediately suspended.” The question of the constitutionality of the Wagner labor disputes bill, passed by the senate, was raised by the NRA decision. The opinion was widely expressed that collective bar gaining now cannot be enforced in any business enterprise by federal statute. In the senate demands were volced to recommit to the commiitee on agri culture the amendments strengthening the AAA. Senator W. E. Borah sald that the NRA decision clearly raises the question of the validity of much AAA procedure, USINESS was as confused as con- gress and the administration after the killing of NRA. Heads of many large employing corporations intimat- ed they would not make wage redue- tions or lengthen the work hours just because the way was open for such ae- tion, but always there was the qual ifying statement, “It depends on what our competitors do.” The big concerns would prefer to maintain the code hours and wages, but the smaller mer chants and manufacturers, who were hardest hit by the code requirements, might depart from them enough to de- moralize prices. Among the dozens of national trade associations whose officers urged mem- bers to maintain wages and otherwise to continue the status quo are those of the automobile manufacturers, auto- mobile dealers, chemical Industry, re. tall dry goods dealers, cotton manufac- turers, cement makers, oll industry, wholesale grocers, and grocery chain store distributors, Harper Sibley, recently elected presi. dent of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, called upon Ameri can Industry and business men to pre- serve for the present wages and work hours established under the NRA. Instead of cutting wages Standard Oll company of New Jersey and the Tide Water Ofl company announced an increase of 5 per cent In salaries and wages, effective June 1, The United Textile Workers, 850,000 in number, threaten to strike if any mills cut wages. And there is also a chance that 450,000 bituminous coal miners will go on strike because there is no wage agreement with the oper. ators and a scale conference collapsed, The liquor business was thrown wide open without any federal regula. tion except that exerted by the Treas ury department in the collection of taxes, Officials of the federal alcohol control administration sald that the Supreme court's NRA ruling took away from the FACA every lota of control it had over the distilling busi ness, CTING with surprising suddenness, the senate passed the Copeland- Tugwell food, drug and cosmetic bill, which had been modified to meet the objections of Senators Clark, Balley and Vandenberg. Dr. Copeland sald he believed it would get through the house without difficulty, President Roosevelt favors the measure, The bill greatly Increases the scope of the 1906 food and drug act, in the definitions of adulterated or misbrand- ed articles, and provides penalties of a year in jall or a $1,000 fine for viola. tions, It was designed originally to permit the secretary of agriculture to order wholesale seizures, which would per- mit the destruction of a business, if he deemed the articles In question adulterated. As amended, however, only a single article may be seized pending a court hearing. Exceptions may be made If there is “imminent danger” to public health. Originally, also, the bill provided se- vere penalties for publishers and radio broadcasting companies, as well as ad- vertisers, for violations of regulations to be laid down by the Department of griculture. This was changed so that no publisher, radio broadcasting com- pany, advertising agency, or other me- dium for the dissemination of adver. tising may be deemed to have violated the “false advertising™ provisions un- less they refuse to furnish the name and address of the advertiser, RANK C WALKER'S present job as head of the division of allot- ments and Information In connection with the work-relief program Is not so imp~rtant as had been expected, and proba- bly by the end of the year or earlier he will be able to delegate his duties to others. Then, according to current rumors, he will enter the President's cabinet as postmaster general, to succeed Jim Farley. : Mr. Farley has def) nitely decided to re Frank ©. tire from the cabinet voluntarily, it is sald -80 that he ean devote all his time and energy to directing the campaign of Mr. Roosevelt for renomination and re-election. He expects to remain not only as chairman of the national Dem- ocratic committee but also as chair man of the New York state committee. In order that he may have an income he plans to make a business connec tion with an important organization, There has been a lot of talk about Mr. Farley's alleged ambition to be gov- ernor of New York. Melvin C. Eaton, Republican state chairman, dares him to run for that position, AS NLY nine states of the Central West will send delegates to the “Grass Roots" convention of the Re publican party which opens June 10 in Springfield, Il, but no the meeting will never. theless be rather na- tional In scope, for it will be attended by unofficial delegates from other states and by national leaders of the party, It was be- lieved that Harrison E. Spangler, national committeeman from ce Iowa, would be made BY a temporary chairman A. M. Hyde and ss such would deliver the key note address, Others on the tenta- tive program for speeches are Arthur M. Hyde, former governor of Missouri and secretary of agriculture in the Hoover cabinet, and Edward Hayes of Decatur, Il, former national come mander of the American Legion. The keynote address, according to reports, will take inventory of Ameri can affairs under the Roosevelt New Deal and indicate the trend of the party in opposition. Mr, Hyde 1s to talk on the Great Emancipator at the Lincoln tomb In Oak Ridge cemetery, and Hayes 18 expected to deal with the theories of the Republican party on constitutional government, DOLF HITLER has pgoposed that Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy and Belgium enter into a mul tilaterul western European pact against aerial aggression, It follows the lines of the proposed Anglo-French alr pact and would do for the nations named what the Locarno pact does with the land forces for France, Ger many and Belgium, K ELLY PETILLO of California won the 500-mile muto race at the Indianapolis Speedway, setting a new record with an average speed of 108.24 miles an hour, Clay Weatherly of Cincinnati lost control of hls car and was killed, Hawn was treated to a magnifi- cent display of American naval power in the Pacific that continued through two days, First the forty planes that had taken part in the mid. Pacific maneuvers returned and the entire armada of 225 planes participat- ed in an aerial review. Then the ves- sels of the fleet returned and moved to Pearl Harbor, the great naval base, which they all entered in a crucial test of the harbor's capacity as an an- chorage. The navy's largest subma- rines were with the battleships and cruisers, and there were 700 marines | on the target ship Utah. i Navy Memorial day in Japan, the | thirtieth anniversary of Admiral Togo's | destruction of the Russian fleet, | brought forth a pamphlet from the | navy's propaganda bureau which made | significant allusions to the United States. It sald: “Then Russia was the rival and the | danger. Today that is changed. We have had to face In another direction. We are confronting another great sea | power which Is Increasing Its navy with Japan as the target. “We need a navy sufficient to pro- | tect our sea routes to the continent of Asia and to face the menace in the direction of the great ocean. That is why Japan demands parity with the greatest navies, If Japan's just and reasonable demands are rejected by the powers, causing fallure of the ef- forts to reach a new naval agreement and leading to a naval construction race, the responsibility will not be ours. In such case the only thing for Japan to do Is to resort to resolute measures for self-protection.” HOUGH the League of Nations council] ended its session In Geneva with the hope that it had arranged matters so that war between Italy and wee Ethiopia would be . | averted, the prospects i for such a settlement are not bright Under pressure from Great } Britain and France, Mussolini consented to recognize the league's EF Jurisdiction over the : quarrel and agreed to . arbitration. But imme " diately thereafter I " Duce told the cham ber of deputies in Rome he would not allow Germany to make of Ethlopla “a pistol perennially pointed at us in case of trouble In Europe” and assert ed he was ready to take the supreme responsibility to sustain by every means Italy's position in east Africa. He alluded bitterly to iritaln and France, and Indicated that he believed that Ethiopia was perfecting its army with the help of European powers inimical to Italy, Following this address, Mussolini ordered the mobilization of thousands of officers and technical experts of the class of 1912 Benito Mussolini AN DIEGO'S beautiful world's falr, the California Pacific exposition, was thrown open to the public practi- cally completed. Thousands of visi tors moved along the ancient El Cam- ino Real to Balboa park on the open. ing day and viewed with delight the handsome bulldings and Interesting exhibits. The climax of the opening ceremonies came In the evening when President Roosevelt addressed the throng by radio from his study in the White House, APAN, ready to take control over more Chinese territory, delivered to the government at Nanking an ul. timatum Sharging that Dictator Chiang Kal-shek, as well as Gen. Yu Hsueh chung, chairman of Hopel province and commander of Chinese troops in north China, were directly responsible for a long list of alleged Infractions of the Tangku truce signed May 31, 1933, marking the conclusion of the Sino-Japanese hostilities over Man churia, Dispatches from Tokyo sald Japa nese officials admitted plans had been made to include Peiping and Tientsin within the demilitarized zone, which at present lies north of the two cities Threats were made to bomb and oe cupy both those cities, IGHTING desperately to save the france and prevent Inflation, Pre mier Flandin of France staked every. thing on a demand that he be given dictatorial financial powers until the end of the year, and lost. The cham- ber of deputies voted against him, 353 to 202, after a dramatic debate, and Flandin snd his cabinet immediately resigned. M. Fernand Boulsson, who | was committed to the support of the france, was called on to form a new | government. R. ALAN ROY DAFOE, Judge J. | A. Valin and Minister of Welfare David Croll of Ontario, guardians un. der the king of the Dionne quintuplets, put on a party for those famous bables on thelr first birthday, and there was | a great crowd of visitors In the little | town of Callender. But Mr. and Mrs, | Dionne, resentful because the infants | have been removed from their charge | and home to a special hospital across | the street, refused to attend the fes | tivities, The five little girls, who are | in good health and growing rapidly, | were displayed briefly and were per mitted to crow or ery into the radio microphone, ARLOS MENDIETA, president of Cuba, has announced that he will pot be a candidate next winter to sue. coed himself, Therefore the race Is expected to narrow down to Miguel Mariano Gomez, twice mayor of Ha vana, and Marlo G. Menocal, former president of the island republic, TERIA ————— the field of physical culture argu- ments, Among the statistics cited In sup- port of the theory that larger dimen- sions are indicative of business suc. cess were those showing sales man- agers, on the average, to be twenty- five pounds heavier and one inch taller than salesmen. Raliroad presi- dents appear to be thirty-one pounds heavier and one and one-half inches taller than station agents. The rela- tive avoirdupols of generals and pri- vate soldiers was not given, Regardless of the scientific explan- ations of these phenomena, the or- dinary man—possibly the station agent-—has some sensible views on the subject. In the first place, he readily will grant, good health is the best stimulant for a smoothly work- ing brain, There are exceptions, of course, as In the case of the genius who has cultivated his brain cells to compensate for physical deficiencies, but in the main the better a person feels physically the more fit he feels for head work. haled through the water from the tobacco bowl on top of the glass re- ceptacle., The tobacco 18 soaked in water first, and is kept burning by means of charcoal, Pipe Surely Should Be "Broken in by This Time Hallin Hatem Ellis of Shawnee, Ohlo, 1s smoking a pipe that dates back to 1606, when it was pur chased by Ado Hatem, at Haman in Persia, He handed it down to Nader Hatem In 1700 and it went In turn to Aca Hatem In 1740; Soma Hatem in 1870, on to Alias Hatem In 1890, and to Hallln Hatem Ellis in 1905, says the Detroit News, Without much fear of contradie- tion save from the occasional arche- ologist who dares puff a clay pipe made by the mound-bullders, Ellis may say when he sits down to draw the smoke through six feet of pipe stem that he Is inhaling from the oldest plpe In active service In these United States. Mounted on a glass bowl and standing 80 Inches high, this an clent pipe is inlald with ivory, When in operation, the glass bowl is filled with water, and the smoke is in PROTECT YOUR LIFE AND THE LIVES OF OTHERS! "TERE are three questions you should ask yourself about the tires you buy 1—""Will the non-skid tread give me the greatest traction and protection against skidding?’ 2" Are they built to give me the greatest blowout protection?” 3—""Without sacrificing these two important safety features will they give me longer mileage, thus making them the most economical tires | can buy?” Answer No. 1—Harvey S. Firestone early realized the value of tire traction and safety and was the first to design an All Rubber Non-Skid Tire. Through the years Firestone has led the way in the design and development of tires with most effective non-skid treads, Firestone does not depend solely on traction and non-skid tests made by its own engineers — it employs a leading University to make impartial tests for non-skid efficiency of its tires, and their most recent report shows that Firestone High Speed Tires stop the car 15% quicker than the best of all popular makes of tires. Answer No. 2 — Blowout protection must be bailt into a tire. Friction and heat within the tire is the greatest cause of blowouts, Firestone protects its tires from friction and heat by a patented process which soaks every cord and insulates every strand with pure liquid rubber. This is an additional process known as Gum-Dipping, by which every 100 pounds of cotton cords absorb eight pounds of rubber. This extra process costs more and is not used in any other make of tire. Leading race drivers investigate the inbuilt qualities of the tires they use, because their very lives depend upon their tires, and they always select Firestone Tires for their daring speed runs. In fact, Firestone Tires have been on the winning cars in the gruelling Indianapolis 500-mile race for fifteen consecutive years, and they were on the 5000. pound car that Ab Jenkins drove 3,000 miles in 2314 hours on the hot salt beds at Lake Bonneville, Utah, at an average speed of 127.2 miles per hour, without tire trouble of any kind. These amazing performance records are proof of the greatest blowout protection ever known, Answer No. 3—Thousands of car owners reporting mileage records of 40,000 to 75,000 miles, is proof of the long mileage and greater economy by equipping with y Firestone High Speed Tires. Let these unequaled performance records be your buying guide. Go to the Firestone Auto Supply and Service Store or Firestone Tire Dealer and let him equip your car with Firestone Tires, the safest and most economical tires built. _— Scientists Claim Brain and Brawn Go Together The theory that brains and brawn go together was put forth recently by a group of scientists who had assembled to discuss the world's ills and how to cure them. A large chest expansion is a symbol of mental breadth, it was sald, while a narrow cheet denotes compressed intelli gence, Children who are the best students, surveys have shown, are those with the biggest chests. Statis- tics were called In to show that more successful persons, as a rule, have more generous height and girth meas. urements than thelr less fortunate neighbors, Thus the idea of brain power being associated with brawn has been elevated somewhat from ili, ae Two extra layers of Gum-Dipped cords HIGH SPEED TYPE We select from our enormous stocks of raw materials the best and highest grade rubber and cotton for the High Speed Tire. In our factory we select the most experienced and skilled tire makers to build this tire. It is accurately balanced and rigidly inspected and we know it is as perfect as human ingenuity can 11.95 Hi 74s 4.50-20 Other Sises Proportionately Low PA Volume—Direct Purchasing—Straight Line Manufacturing and Efficient and Economical System of Distributing to our 500 Stores and to 30,000 Dealers, enables Firestone to give you greater values at lowest prices PRICE $7.75 8.20 9.75 10.70 S1ZE 4.50.21 475-19 5.25-18 5.50.17 6.00.16 6.00-19 Scientifically designed Non- Skid tread SENTINEL TYPE This tire is of good quality snd workmanship and earvios the Firestone mame and guarantee, and ls squal or superior to any tire made in this price class. COURIER TYPE This tire is built of good quality materials and workmanship. CENTURY PROGRESS TYPE This tire ls deeigmad and built with high grade matacials ang jo She sual It carries the Firestone name and guar antes and is sold as low as many inferior tires that are manufactured to sell ot a 4 4.40.21 AUTO SUPPLIES AT BIG SAVING enables Our large volume us to save you money on every auto Firestone Auto Supply and Serviee Stores, and you have the added convenience and economy BATTERIES | RADIATOR HOSE ive SESS 9 t Bootes i. Speaks—every Monday Firestone C~WEAF Network, ... A Five Star Program
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers