by William == —— Bruckart Washington~1 heard a middle western business man say on a visit : to Washington the Tariff other day that there Negotiations was one thing about the new deal which made him feel at home. His visit was in connection with some of the State department negotiations for new tariff treaties with foreign countries. He spent several days in those discus sions, and the nature of the conver sations was such, he observed later, that he felt a conservative tinge re- mained in the new deal. Cordell Hull, secretary of state, and perhaps one of the most thorough stu- dents of tariff questions, recently de- scribed the tariff bargaining negotia- tions as “stepping backward” to what he considers as a sound basis for solu- tion of tariff problems. Mr, Hull always has favored low tariff rates, but from all of the information com- ing out of the tariff negotiations, it is made to appear that the secretary of state Is willing to see some high tariff rates established where those rates do not engender retaliatory action on the part of foreign governments with the result that a high tariff wall sur rounds the several nations, The observation of the middle-west- erner, therefore, must be accepted as some reassurance. It is undoubtedly true that there are many manufactur ing interests In this country who are figuratively scared to death over the prospects of the administration's tariff treaty program. Nevertheless, there are factors Influencing the results of the various negotiations which, many observers belleve, will react to the benefit of American industries long used to high tariff protection. This does not mean that the new rates worked out by the negotiators are going to be comparable In any way to the Fordney-McCumber or the Hawley-Smoot rates, 1 am Informed also that it does not mean the new rates applying between Individual coun- tries that are now parties to the new treaties will be comparable to the low rates of the Underwood tariff bill In other words, while I am not making the statement that the new rates will be applied sclentifically, I feel that the opportunity Is available for establish- ment of sound as well as sclentific tariff charges, The progress of the negotiations has been accompanied by the usual amount of alarm that slways Arouses occurs when states Usual Alarm men are tinkering with the tariff, I hear talk, however, purely from a political standpoint, that the administration would mot dare to frighten business generally just in advance of an elec tion. There have been too many de- mands for reassuring statements from * the administration, something on which business would feel free to proceed, to cause administration spokesmen to take such a chance at this time. It is to be recalled In this connec tion that the Treasury has been smil- ing on prospective bond buyers by making guarded statements that there will be no early Inflationary steps. In addition, the National Recovery Ad- ministration virtually has abandoned its “crack down” policy and the Agri cultural Adjustment Administration has sald In several languages lately that crop restriction will not be as rigid next year. It would seem, there- fore, that the whole movement is just a little bit to the conservative side, but, as has been suggested, this may be due to the forthcoming election. Whether that Is correct only time will tell. Beyond the superficial election appeal of assurance on tariff questions, how- ever, there certainly Is a feeling In Washington that Mr, Hull can travel a long way in working out the tariff problems if he is permitted to do so. It Is to be remembered always that a thousand and one influences are brought to bear any time an adminis tration seeks to revise the tariff. It does appear, though, that the various committees working under Mr. Hull's direction are examining each cas» on its merits. Of course the conclusions they reach will not satisfy everybody; no tariff rates can perform that fune- tion, and there will be much wailing and gnashing of teeth before it is all over; but If there Is anything In pros pects, the current prospects seem to hold forth more hope for a reasonable adjustment of tari? questions than have appeared on the horizon for some time, Mr. Hull has been discreetly vague in enunciating his policies and has not given business generally a definite Idea what measuring rod he is using. It Ws assumed In many quarters that he will employ something of the same policy used In his pronouncements In the world economic conference in Monte video last fall. In these pronounce ments Mr. Hull suggested that tariff protection t to be extended to commodities Importation of which is less than 0 per cent of domestic consumption. He also suggested that there was no sound excuse for malin. taining & high rate of proteetion for industries which, as he sald, had such protection “for a considerable period of time” and had not been able under that protection to develop thelr production to the point where the out. put amounted to less than 15 per cent sumed In this country, Lately Mr. Hull | i | i the earlier pronouncements as stitute a crippling factor upon any major Industrial enterprise in longer expect to be milk fed. At least that Is the construction placed upon his words. » * * Treasury experts have gone to work in preparation of a new tax bill. I reported to you a Prepare New month ago that this Tax Bill could not be avoided. The question now Js how much revenue will the adminis tration attempt to raise. At the outset it must be remem- bered that there are tax levies raising approximately five hundred million dollars annually due to terminate next year. This revenue must be replaced. But there Is much more money needed, because the program of spending our way out of the depression probably will be expanded during the coming winter, Secretary Morgenthau will have the benefit of reports of his own experts and of a study under way by a special subcommittee of the house of repre sentatives. He also will have the bene- fit of a survey of the British taxing cially for that job. on the scientific basis under considera- tion that is considered most impor. tant. Frankly, unblased observers con- tend the significance of the present fax study lies In a fact that will not be disclosed until later, whether the administration is prepar- ing to balance the budget at an early date, The resignation of Lewis W. Dong- las as director of the budget links straight into this question. las is variously reported insisted strongly for curtallment of re covery expenditures and an early bal ance of outgo and Income, Many Uses for Bamboo Found by the Chinese In one sense the Chinese elvilization might be said to be a civilization built on bamboo. Throughout a large part of China groves of bamboo grow like trees near the homes of the people They eat the tender tips of bamboo a8 we eat asparagus, and use bamboo chopsticks to eat their food. They carry rice in bamboo baskets and sweep the floor with bamboo brooms. They learn to write on bamboo paper with bamboo pens. Houses are made with bamboo poles at the corners, woven bamboo walls and roofs, Shoes and hats are made of the same light, strong material, Not all Chinese are rice eaters. This Is a mistaken Impression which gained currency because the first European ships to visit China put in at south ern ports, in the rice-raising lands. Millions of Chinese, particularly those in north China and Manchuria, never see rice, but depend on the soy bean and wheat for food. But it is true that many more millions eat rice. Rice grows in very wet land, land that is generally covered with shallow water at planting time, Each tiny rice seed is grown in a seed bed until it is about 8 inches high, Then the tender shoots are transplanted in even rows in the wet fields, back-breaking work, for which the planters recelve very poor pay. Servants in Medieval Castle In a medieval castle servants In cluded the steward, who was a general domo or butler. There would be one or more cooks, depending on the size of the establishment, There would be sculllons, butchers, maltsters, cellarers, cup bearers and a miscellaneous crew of boys and men doing menial work. More on the military side, but still servants, were the armorers, farriers, hostlers and grooms, Every castle had its priest, who also was a sort of serv. ant. A priest might also act as al moner and scribe. There often was a fool or jester. There were many maids, a housekeeper and seamstres- $08. Crabs “Shed” Quickly three stages from peeler through soft ditions. The hardshell erab, outgrown its shell and with a new or soft shell developed beneath, gradual ly breaks out of the hard shell. Dur cize his former chief, lowed since the recovery program got under way, Some observers here thority that Mr. Douglas was urging a curtaliment in expenditures and a sharp increase in taxation so that the sent a tremendous job. Mr. Douglas also knows, as a big business man, how necessary It Is to assure holders soft and will remain so If the crab is taken out of the water and packed for shipment to market. However, If the crab remains In the water for two or three hours after sloughing the shell, the new shell also becomes hard, than four or five hours, Fat Men and Giants The United States hag its fair share of fat men and giants. Miles Darden was both, says a writer in the Kansas and weighed a little better than a half ton, He was born in 1708, and lived until 1857, was married, a fa- his life, and was a size. Silly statistics and Information are always In order when discussing giants or fat men—Iit took thirteen and acres are saying, next tax bill minimum, will be held * & » Is a fact that speculation has begun respecting appoint. SupremeCourtments to the Su Speculation preme court of the United States. At present all of the nine justices are In good health despite their advanced age. Five of them ate in their seven. ties and only one Is younger than sixty. The appointment speculators, therefore, think that President Roose velit will be called upon In the course of a year to name another justice. The circumstance seems to have de veloped as a psychological result and Speaker Henry T. Rainey of the house of representatives, Mr, Rainey's death, of course, has political significance and orice the speculators were started they carried on, The present assumption Is that the Democratic leader, will be named to the Supreme court when there is a vacancy. It would fulfill Senator Rob Inson's ambition and It would be n compliment to him for the yeoman service he has performed for the new deal. But the elevation of Senator Robinson wonld leave in the senate something of a battle for leadership there, and that Is the thing about which the politicians at the moment are giving some thought. The majority leader In the senate or the house nec. esanrily must be something of a "you" man, Without detracting from Senator Robinson's ability, It Is generally known that he has acquiesced in al of the new deal proposals without having In his own mind a conviction that they were the best pleces of legis lation that could be drafted: so If and when he In elevated to the 8u preme court there will be a seramble among some of the senators who crave the honor of leadership and who alse desire for political purposes to demon. strate thelr fealty to the new deal @ Western Newsvaver Unfon, coat for Darden. Hiawatha Brought Peace and Goodwill to Indians Hiawatha Is the Iroquois name of a hero, of miraculous birth, who came to the North American Indians, to bring them peace and goodwill, observes a writer in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, In Longfellow's poem, published in 1855, he was 8 member of the Ojib- way tribe, reared by his grandmother, Nokomis, daughter of the moon. Hiawatha represents the progress of civilization among the Indians. First he wrestled with Mondamin (Indian maize), whom he subdued, and gave to man bread-corn. He then taught man navigation; then he subdued the Mishe-Nahma or sturgeon, and told the people to “bring all thelr pots and kettles and make oll for the winter.” Hiawatha then conquered Megissog- won, the magician, “who sent the flery fever on man; sent the white fog from the fen-lands; sent disease and death among us” and he taught his people the science of medicine, Then he mar- ried “Laughing Water,” setting his adherents an example to follow, Last. ly, he taught them picture writing. With the arrival of the white men and thelr religious faith, Hiawatha asked his people to receive the new kingdom of Ponemah, the land of the Hereafter,” Every Motorist Should Know Needs of His Car If you would reduce automobile accidents, give heed to the four com- monest causes of mechanical fallure, These four causes are listed as fol nent automotive official and a leader in safety campaigns: Bad brakes, Worn tires, Worn steering gear, Poor acceleration. Every motorist should know when brakes are not properly functioning and when tires have reached the dan- ger point, Mr. Isherwood declared. But there are many who are unaware A motor that is well tuned up, he stated, sel goes “haywire” in trafiic, In tuning up the motor, Mr, Isher. wood points out the necessity for a complete tune-up, which can be per in about 30 minutes, This 1. Clean and adjust spark plugs, re placing any worn plug. 2. Inspect ignition cables and bad tery. 8. Clean breaker points, 4. Adjust timing. 6. Adjust valve clearance, 8 Adjust carburetor, The Appalachian Trail The Appalachian trail, as conceived by its proponents, is a footpath for hikers In the Appalachian moun tains extending from Maine to Flor ida, a distance of some 2.050 miles trail shuns automobile and Scheme Used in Politics The gerrymander consists in laying out electoral districts in such 5 way a8 to give the party conducting the operation an unfair advantage over its opponent. An authority defines the act as throwing “the greatest num. ber of hostile voters into a district which 1s anyhow certain to be hostile, and adding to a district where parties are evenly divided a place in which the majority of friendly voters Is suf ficient to turn the scale.” Notable examples of gerrymander- Ing came into notice near the end of the last century. For example, in 1888 the Republican majority in Ohio was estimated at 20.500, the Democrats carried the state legis lature and changed the that the 7 out of 21 congressmen. Later on, the Republicans had their turn in power and arranged the districts so that they elected 17 congressmen, Famous gerrymandered districts have been the “Shoe-string” district in Mississippl, 200 miles long and 80 miles wide, in was concentrated: the two separated groups of counties made “contiguous” by a single connecting county; the Missouri district, which It is believed that 1812. Exchange, Along Navigable Rivers The early trade routes followed navigable rivers and Indian trails, New York and Phil adeiphia. Roads developed Slow] yom from Philadelphia, at Harpers Ferry and the through Cumberland Gap. Progress was more rapid in New England As early as 1630 the state of Massa chusetts ordered each town to eon town. ue roads of Colonial New of the New York, New Haven & Hart ford railroads year because of mild climate, fur. nished the best means of transporta- until the century. middle of the Poison lvy and Poison Oak in some parts of the country. Since some forms of polson Ivy do not for tramping, camping and Its route is the crestline and national forests traversed. the the consent of owners. 3 it is hard to distinguish between them, Where States Meet At Harper's Ferry three states meet gud the Shenandoah and rivers join. United States arsenal this town, and it was in 1857 was In in a state of war Heads to West, Feet to East, Old Burial Custom In all early Christian cemeteries in Great Britain and northern Europe the graves were carefully orientsted, the body being amost invariably laid with the feet pointing toward the east. This custom prevalled until a century or two ago, and is still widely observed. Even In the family burying grounds on the colonial estates of Maryland and Virginia the bodies usually with the head to the west. The custom arose from medieval legends and pa. gan practices. Christ, according to the legend, was buried in the with his head to the west, Many sup- pose that Matthew 24 means that when Jesus comes in Judgment he will appear io the east. That verse reads: “For as the lightning éometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Bon of Man be” Bodies, therefore, were buried with the feet toward the east, to enable them on arising on the morning of resurrection east and to hurry In that meet the Lord, lie sepulcher Rd ode § to face the direction to Because of this cus- as “the wind of the dead man's feet.” however, The ' is older than Christianity, pagan with the feet to the east: and Ww n “By sh Are describes a cemetery at Char- ck to the edirliest in which all ways in Brit ology.” s x Aatine ba 4 Yaise dating ba iron two or three of were to EYently graves i] ¥ orientated the head lay the Given Names pronunciation an} Pronouncing The of given ’ 2 matter a name to decide LAID 0 Qecige himself The customary pronun- and the only one rec If the name is Hables—fo-an— spelling Is Joanne, — in the customary Literary Digest. two £3 Early Use of Dice Dice were probably evolved knuckiebones. It is almost trace clearly the developn as distinguished from bones, on account of the cor of the two games by t is certain, played in times we possess written from trey y ang ancient that bo antecedent however, Ban on Competition During the Middle Jelginm had very strict laws to prevent what Ages, writes Isaac Hershkowitz, in Collier's In at least one town, crafts. venders of goods were not to advertise but they allowed to stand in for fear they might noses or sneeze in order attention of passers-by. and forbidden not doorways their even their Naturalization in Canada Jritish subjects domiciled in Canada do not need to take out naturalization papers. Under the provisions of the franchise law they may vote after the expiration of one year. Under the terms of the immigration act a Brit- ish subject or an alien must live in citizen, itself. cable-controlled brakes. # - J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers