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Chief Crazy Horse
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
observed annually on the fourth Fri-
day In September, Is celebrated this
year, it will find a recently dedi-
cated memorial to one of the out.
standing Individuals of the red race.
Out at Fort Robinson, Neb. there
has been erected a monument, cut
from the granite of the Black Hills
of South Dakota, on which are en-
graved the symbols of a pipe of
peace and a broken bow, arrow and
tomahawk. On it also Is a bronze
tablet which tells the passer-by that near this
spot on September 5, 1877, Crazy Horse of the
Oglala Sioux was killed—dying as he had lived,
a fighting man.
Chief Crazy Horse (Tashunka Witko) was
only thirty-three years old when his warrior
career ended, but he had already written his
name high in the annals of the Old West. Al-
though he was the principal leader In the two
greatest victories ever won by his people over
the white men, it was the irony of fate that in
each case credit for the achievement should be
given to another Sloux chief whose name and
fame happened to be more familiar to the white
men than was Crazy Horse's. One of them was
Red Cloud, whom most historians record as be-
ing the leader In the so-called “Fetterman Mas-
sacre” near Fort Phil Kearney, Wyo. in 1868,
despite the testimony of Indian survivors that
be was neither In command that day nor did he
have any hand In planning or carrying out the
ambush of Fetterman's ill-fated command. The
other was Sitting Bull, who is popularly (and
erroneously) believed to have been mainly re-
sponsible for the maneuvers of the Indians which
resulted in the disaster to Custer's command on
the Little Big Horn in Montana ten years later,
Crazy Horse was born in 1844, the son of an
Oglala Sioux chigf of the same name. His mother
died when he was two years old, but his step-
mother, who was also his aunt, raised him as
her own. Trained by her and his father in the
rigorous physical regime required of young boys
of the Sioux, he early learned the lessons of cour-
age, self-denial, generosity, modesty, truthfulness
and fair dealing which so strongly characterized
his later life. A fine horseman and a skillful
hunter, he joined his first war party when
he was only sixteen years old and by the time of
the first serious war between the Sioux and the
whites (1866) Crazy Horse's tribesmen looked
to him as a principal war leader, and even the
Cheyenne chiefs, allies of the Sioux, practically
acknowledged his leadership,
Although Crazy Horse had distinguished him-
Self in the Fetterman battle and at the famous
Wagon Box Fight a year later, he rose to his
greatest heights as a general in 1876 and 1877.
On June 17, 1876, he attacked the army of Gen.
George Crook on the Rosebud river in Montana
and fought that experienced Indian-fighter to
& standstill, thus breaking up the army's plan
of campaign and making certain the annihilation
of Custer’s command a week later, The only
army officer who defeated him fairly and square
ly was Gen. Nelson A. Miles (“Bear Coat") who
did that at Battle butte in the Wolf mountains
in Montana on January 8, 1877, an engagement
which led directly to Crazy Horse's surrender
a few months later,
realize that the white man was too powerful
, for them. Through the Influence of Chief Spotted
Tall of the Brule Sioux, an uncle of Crazy Horse,
the Oglala chieftain was persuaded to come In to
Fort Robinson, Neb, and surrender, which he
did on May 6, 1877. -
At the time of Crazy Horse's surrender, his
wife was suffering from tuberculosis, and the
medical care given her by Dr. V. T. McGilly-
cuddy, a surgeon with the Third eavalry, not
only won for him friendship of the Oglala
chief but also the nalpe of Wasicu Wakan, the
“White Miracie Man" and Tasunka Witko Kola,
“the Friend of Crazy Horse.” The events lead.
ing up to Crazy Horse's death are told In this
first-hand account by Doctor MeGillycuddy, who
is still living In California:
“In Beptember, 1877, G 1 Crook held an
important council at Fort Robinson with Crazy
Hnrse. I was in the Indian camp that day and
the council was a heated one, It finally broke
up with no results except to crehte the belief
in Crook’s mind that Orazy Horse was meditat-
ing desertion and an attempt to rejoin Sitting
Bull, who was still In Canada where he had
Limpy, Yellow
(gals y ¢
white Bull
at the Battle at Rose Bud
NOTES ON THE PICTURES
Picture of Crazy Horse, said to be the only
photograph ever taken of the famous chief,
from the collections of E. A. Brininstool; Pie.
ture of Limpy, Yellow Dog and Weasel Bear,
three Cheyenne Indian survivors of the Battle
of the Rosebud, courtesy of T. J. Gatehell of
Buffalo, Wyo.; Portrait of White Bull and
“White Bull at the Battle of the Rosebud” from
Stanley Vestal's “Warpath,” courtesy of the
Houghton Mifflin company.
¢ b
found refuge under the British flag after the
Custer battle In 1876.
“This Impression regarding the desertion of
Crazy Horse was the result of a purposeful mis.
Interpretation by the government interpreter who
Was an enemy and feared Crazy Horse. Of this
I was informed by Louls Bordeaux, a reliable
man who checked the interpreting. The feeling
was added to by Red Cloud's jealousy of Crazy
Horse's increasing power and importance,
“Three days later a courler arrived from Gen-
eral Crook who had gone to Fort Laramie, Wyo.,
with orders to General Bradley, commandant at
Fort Robinson, to arrest Crazy Horse. The next
morning a force of three troops of cavalry and
a field plece and myself as medical officer left
the post an hour before daylight for a march
of five miles to the camp to make the arrest
We arrived at daylight and found but a de
serted camp ground. Crazy Horse and his peo-
ple, lodges and everything had seattered and
gone, That evening a courier arrived from Major
Burke, commanding at the Spotted Tall agency
40 miles east, saying that Crazy Horse had ar
rived alone and was in Spotted Tall's camp,
“An order was sent to Major Burke to arrest
Crazy Horse and return him to Fort Robinson.
Burke {informed Chief Spotted Tall of his orders,
Spotted Tail's reply was: ‘Crazy Horse is a
chief. He Is my guest. He cannot be arrested,
but If the soldier chief will set the time we will
council with him.’
“At 9:00 a. m. next day Spotted Tall and
Crazy Horse appeared at Burke's office. Crazy
Horse was not informed that he was a prisoner
but that General Bradley at Fort Robinson
wanted him there for a council. His reply was:
‘It is well. I will go.’ Entering the waking ambu.
lance, and surrounded by Indian scouts and a
cavalry escort, he started for Fort Robinson,
“At 5:00 p. m. they arrived at the adjutant's
office. In the meantime Bradley had lssued or
ders to Captain Kennington, officer of the day,
that immediately upon his arrival Crazy Horse
was to be confined In the guard house. Antiel-
pating the arrival, I was standing In front of
the adjutant’s office and shook hands with Crazy
Horse on his arsival He entered and sald he
was there for council. But Instead of meeting
Bradley, he was taken charge of by Kennington
and was led to the guard house which they en
tered quietly.
“When Crazy Horse observed the steel bars
between the guard room and the cells he gave
ap outcry: ‘This is a prison!’ and, seizing a
knife In each hand from his belt, fought his
way to the parade ground where | was standing.
Kennington was hanging on one wrist and Little
Big Man, an Indian scout, on the other. Then,
the chief suddenly fell to the ground, writhing
and groaning. I worked my
guard and examined him,
the mouth, pulse weak and In
trickling from the upper
B
a
Sm
TO -——-—
——
.
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White Bull
with his bayonet and his case was hopeless,
“I then worked my way to American Horse,
the friendly chief, who was sitting on his horse
house and I would care for him. His answer
Carry orders,
advised Kennington to hold the ground while [
ters to explain matters,
lows: "Please
and put the Indian in the guard house.’
“I returned to Kennington and we proceeded
and In the sign language sald that they did not
want to see me hurt and for me to desist. The
other trip to the general to explain matters and
I remarked to him: ‘General, I know the temper
and feelings of these Indians. You may be able
to imprison Crazy Horse, but It will mean the
where I can care for him, for he will die before
morning.’
returned to the scene. On being Informed of
what I had done, American Horse dismounted
and spread his blanket on the ground. The In.
dians placed the chief on it and carried him into
dermics of morphia, ete, I eased his sufferings.
p. m. and there were present then Kennington,
officer of the day: Lemley, officer of the guard:
old man Crazy Horse; and Chief Touch the
Cloud (Mahpia Yutan), six foot four In height.
When Crazy Horse died this chief drew the blan.
ket over the face of the dead man and standing
up, pointed to the body and said: *There lies
his lodge,’ then pointing ap, “The chief has gone
above.’ \
“lI then returned to my quarters across the
parade ground, accompanied by Touch the Cloud,
who slept on his blanket outside my door through
the night, as there was still danger of trouble.
After I retired, ward of the death of the chief
got out and all we could hear were the walls
and death songs from all quarters, as we were
surrounded for miles by the Indian camps. The
whole garrison of 1,600 men was kept on guard
for the night, but matters finally adjusted them-
selves,
“Next day the body was removed to the
Spotted Tall agency and placed on the usual
platform. Later In the fall when we moved the
Indians 360 miles to the Missouri river, It accom.
panied us. In the fall of 1878 when the Indians
were moved back to the present Pine Ridge
agency, the body was brought back and con-
cealed there”
To this day the last resting place of the ch
remains a secret among the Sloux and, since ft
has never been marked, it is altogether fitting
that there should be some memorial to him, such
as the monument recently dedicated at Fort
Robinson, In the land he loved and for which he
fought so valiantly. For, as Bourke, writing
the chief's first sepuicher at the Spotted Tall
agency--a simple one of plain pine slabs—hay
sald: “Just as the grave of Custer marked
high-water mark of Sioux supremacy in
trans-Missour! region, so does the grave of Crazy
Horse mark the ebb from which
© © by Western Newspaper Union,
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