EATEST By ELMO SCOTT WATSON OME time late in 1938 or early In 1937 Uncle Sam will be able to say to the other nations: “If you want to see one of the modern wonders of the world, come down into the southwestern part of my country and take a look at a job that I've just finished on the Col- orado river.” And in saying that he won't be uttering any idle boast. For the completion of the Hoover aam will mark the conclusion of one of the greatest engineering feats of all time, greater even than another of the triumphs of Uncle Sam, engineer, —that of digging the Panama canal—and when this gigantic mass of steel and concrete is fin. ished it will be the biggest structure of its kind in the whole world. Not the least part of Uncle Sam's triumph will be the fact that the dam and its appurtenant works*will be completed in record time. When the contractors began work on April 30, 1831, they were to be allowed seven years In which to finish the job. That would have meant its come pletion by April 20, 1088. Right now they are nearly two years ahead of schedule and it is estimated that at the present rate of progress the whole thing will have been done In six years or less, Impressive as aré statistical data con- nected with the Hoover dam, the average person cannot get an adequate idea of the immensity of the project from abstract figures alone. Most of us are poor judges of distance so it would mean little to say that the dam will have & maximum height of 730 feet above its foundation rock, that the top of it will be approximately 800 feet above the level of the river and that it will raise the water surface of the river 554 fest, But let's get at it this way: If the Washington monument were set up alongside the dam and you stood on top of that monument, some one standing on top of the dam would have to let down nearly 60 yards of rope in order to pull you up to where he stood. Can you visualize 4,400,000 cuble yards of con- crete? Probably not. But if some one told you about a tower that was 100 feet square and rose two and a half miles in the air, you could get some idea of the amount of concrete that's going into the Hoover dam, the power plant nearby arti the appurtenant works, That amount of concrete would build a standard paved high- way, 16 feet wide, which would extend all the way from Seattle, Wash, to Miami, Fla. You'll admit that 10,000.000000,000 gallons of water Is a considerable amount of moisture. That means S0.000 gallons for every man, woman and child in the United States. That 10.000. 000,000,000 gallons Is the amount of water which the reservoir created by the Hoover dam will hold, They also figure it in acre-feet, an acre-foot being the amount of water that will cover one acre one fool deep. When this reservoir is full it will contain 30.000,000 acre-feet—enough water to cover the whole state of New York to the depth of a foot. But enough of statistics for a moment in favor of some more general information about this gigantic project. The Hoover dam is being bullt ifn the upper Black canyon on the Colorado river about 25 miles southeast of Las Vegas, Nev, where the river forms part of the Arizona- Nevada boundary. The purposes of the project are flood control and genera! river regulation (for the Colorado has long been one of the most unruly and destructive of all the rivers In America), irrigation, slit control, domestic water supply and power development, For these pur- poses the project calls not only for the con- struction of the huge dam and power plant in Black canyon but alse the construction of the All-American canal in southern California, The total cost of the project is placed at ap proximately $165,000000 divided up as follows: dam and reservoir, $70,600,000; All-American canal, $38.500,000: power development, £38200. O00: and inter=st during construction, $17,700,000, But lest anyone think, since this Is a federal project, that its construction means that many millions out of tha pockets of American taxpay- ers, let it be stated at once that Uncle Bam's fuvestment in it (in the form of congressional appropriations) will be repaid in full within the next 50 years from the Income derived from sup- plying irrigation water and from the sale of power generated In the power plant, a huge structure of steel and concrete, 1,200 feet long, which will stand just below the dam, Although power development wes a secondary consideration In planning this project, it prom- {ses to become a very Important one In the future because of the effect which cheap power will have upon modernizing community and clvie iife in the Southwest. The plans for this power plant call for the installation of 15 turbines of 115,000 horse power each and two turbines of 55,000 horse power each with 15 generators of 82,500 kilovolt-ampere capacity each and two generators of 40,000 kilovolt-ampere eapacity each, The larger units exceed in size the largest yet manufactured, the 83,000 horse power tur. [Dines and 76,500 kilovolt-ampere generators jn the the world-famous Dnleprostroy plant in Russia, One of these mammoth generators will weigh over 2000000 pounds will measure 40 diameter and stand 32 feet high, This power plant will have a total capacity of 1.835.000 horse power, or four times the amount developed on the American side of Niagara Falls and nearly double the amount developed both at Niagara Falls and Muscle Shoals, even when the latter reaches the peak of its capacity. It will be operated and maintained by the city of Los Angeles and the Southern California Edison com- pany, under the general supervision of a director appointed by the secretary of the Interior, The city will generate power for the states of Ari gona and Nevada, a large number of southern California municipalities and for the Metropoli- tan Water distMet, and the Southern California Edison company will generate power for com pany purchasers, An essential part of the project is the con- struction of the All-American canal, so-called because it is entirely within the United States, It will begin about 15 miles northeast of Yuma, Ariz, where the new Imperial diversion dam will be built, and will connect with the present sys- tem of irrigation ditches in the Imperial valley, a distance of about 80 miles, At the same time, a 130-mile extension of this canal will pass east of the Salton sea and curry water to the adja- cent Coachella valley, From the beginning of the All-American canal near Yuma it will pass through a ridge of shift- ing sand and there the deepest cut will be about 100 feet deep. Huge siphons or culverts will be needed in many instances to carry the canal under numerous washes, Plans call for ten of these on the main line and 79 on the Coachella branch, Siphons will also be used to carry the water under the Alamo and New rivers, The canal is expected to cost at least $27,000,000 and bids will be asked soon by the bureau. Plans contemplate a maximum canal capacity of 15,000 second-Teet, The Imperial dam, to be of the floating type, will be 1,500 feet long and will raise the river level 22 feet. The canal will provide irrigation water for 850,000 acres in the Imperial valley and an additional 150000 acres will be brought under cultivation by the Coachella extension, Some distance up the Colorado river will be located the Parker dam, intended both as a power plant and as a diversion dam. Designs for this hydroelectric plant are rapidly nearing completion. There, 205 miles directly across the state from Los Angeles, will originate the water supply for the Metropolitan Water district, The Parker reservoir will be located approxi- mately 150 miles downstream from the Hoover dam and is a natural site for a diversion barrier, The first 113 miles extending west to Shaver's Summit will require heavy expenditure for con- struction and operation, as the line will make an ascent of 1,500 feet. Power from the Hoover dam will be used to operate pumping lfts, Although the Metropolitan Water district Is paying for the construction of the Parker dam by the reclamation bureau, the project will be of immense importance to the Southwest. Ulli. mately, it is proposed to bulld a power plant at, the dam and then to extend transmission lines on down the river to the Imperial dam, using the power thus delivered to pump water for irri. gation purposes in the vast undeveloped area in Arizona, Thig project will be known as the Gila deve feet in ¥ 1. A recent view of the dam, taken from a point downstream, 2. Showing the site of the dam beforns con- struction began. Its height of 600 feet is more than twice the height of any concrete dam now in existence. 3. This picture was taken before tons of water began rushing through these diversion tunnels, 4. This is how they “pick "em up and lay "em That Body of Yours PB By JAMES W. BARTON, M. D. LTHOUGH man has a brain, there are a things done by the body to that are not directed by wonderful protect Bomething tates the throat or bronchial Some food or other substance, placed mouth, is irritant free digestive juice. This dilutes the substance so as to be less irri- tant, or if it disturbs movements it is washed away, If an offending substance gets down and outward by the Similarly with the eye. Although When this hap- pens the tears flow abundantly to wash the substance out, However, as Dr. Walter B. Cannon, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and the the time from various troubles, Something rough rubs or presses the skin and a callous is formed which gerves both as a cushion and as & If the skin is broken, little blood the surrounding and fills the gap, and out the gap, reaches with In a person living at or about sea ghout B000000 to the cubic mill meter, whereas If they go to live in high mountains, 14.000 feet, the num- ber slowly Increases to 7.000000, thus which is now needed, 1f the need continues, blood forming organs in the marrow of the the the blood is thus enriched until the in- dividual comes down to tfle lower al titude again, which harmful organisms that enter the ural defenses of the body. derfully made, * ® Ad Lesssening the Distress in Hay Fever Yo are a hay fever victim. You have tried the pollen ex- tracts and find yourself one of the number not helped by them. a child's toy by the 150.ton crane, the biggest in the world. §. The first completed tower for transmission of power from the dam. It is 109 feet high and stands near Kingston camp. Ee A * g the river and build a temporary earth and rock fill coffer dam to send 200000 second-feet of water rushing through the tunnels which have a total length of 15.934 feet or three miles, After their use for river diversion, these tun. nels will be utilized in the project scheme as follows: After being plugged with concrete at locations approximately one-third their length below the inlet ends of the inner tunnels and about midway in the outer tunnels, the two inner tunnels will contain 30-foot steel pipes connect. ing intake towers in the reservoir with the penstocks to the power plant and the canyon wall outlet works and the lower portions of the two outer tunnels will be used for spillway out- lets, . And these 30-foot steel pipes bring up again the phrase “world's largest” which must be used so often in connection with the Hoover dam. For they are the largest pipes ever con structed In the history of manufacturing. They are made by an Ohio company and because they are too big to be shipped by railroad from the company’s plant in the Buckeye state, it had build a fabricating plant near the dam. length of this pipe, 12 feet long and in diameter, is made from three steel pla be shipped : § 1 Diet is most important. It has been they should be eaten In smaller quan- tities during the hay fever season, This means that cereals, meat, eggs, fish, coffee and tea must be cut down; butter and sugar kept atsthelr usual amounts: and vegetables, fruits and milk increased, The bowels must be kept active by the use of fruits and rough or coarse vegetables. In some cases very small galte—a hall tea. No one ever dies of hay fever but it is a very miserable ailment during the weeks it exists, and until a cure is found for each case, following the HARD TO LOOSEN ERROR’S GRIP ON POPULAR BELIEFS Two eminent scientists at Atlantie City, taking stock of the state of knowledge, catalogued “eight popu- iar beliefs that are not true” thus: “A child is influenced by what its mother sees or thinks before the child is born; birth marks are caused by what a Bees Or touches before her born ; in former times the length of human life was much longer than now; fat are good natured : mental disorders are caused by overstudy; children of first cous- ing, though of goed parentage, are likely to be feeble minded; heavy growth of hair on a person's limbs and chest Indicates great physical strength ; the theory of evolution im- plies that men are from apes.” nother child Is average people always descended This list of beliefs unbased In fact is particularly interesting because each of its items Is a venerable cum- berer of the human mind, None of these widely accepted errors is of re- of them arises from even the youngest cent origin; pone the life of today; of them, that concerning the theory of evolution, is of a considerable and all of them contra. dicted by authority time and again. Yet they persist in vigor apparently unimpaired, and there is no zign that any of them is giving ground under the impact of denial, ges have been A belief once accepted by the pop- ulation at large has more lives than a litter of kittens. The earnest incul- eator of sound doctrine who attempts to dislodge it undertakes an almost hopeless task. Nor does this mean that truth is mocked. The untruth is simply, often plcturesquely, dressed; the circumstances that geen to support it are vividly related and remain in the memory, while the growth of truth is likely to be a drab garment stitched with ifs and buts. — exceptional New York Suan. No Famine in Russia Soviet Russia will similar to that of last 4.000000 died, accordi dy 0 The 1 have no famine winter when to reports from Moscow. 13 harvest was more given more gra ous season. This Is expected to avert another ealamity, evenly peasant n in the previ Whiten your skin quick, safe way End freckles, blackheads, blemishes - Bay goodby to dark, muddy skin-— don’t endure skin blemishes a minute longer! At bedtime tonight cream your face and neck with Nadinola Bleaching Cream--no massaging, no rubbing. While you sleep it works wonders and then day-byday you see your skin grow lJovelier—until your complexion is ail you Jong for—creamy-whi satin. smooth, flawless—free fro freckies, blackheads, pimples and blotches. o No disappointments, no Jong waiting; tested and trusted for over a genera tion, Try at our risk-your money back if not delighted. Get a large box of Nadinola Bleaching Cream at toilet counters or by mail posipaid, only 50e. NADINOLA, Paris, Tenn. SELLE Blisters, cracked skin, itching or ing soon # and bealing promoted with soothing esino NEVER FELT BETTER SINCE SHE LOST 39 POUNDS OF FAT “Three months ago I started using Rruscheh and weighed 201 gs, hig ter starting 4th jar I've t oe. and am in perfect condition — really I Raver is > en 8, . . Terry Tampa, Fla. : Don’t stay fat and unattractive ~~ mot , y and Eod Lgh ge chins, ugly hi and ming The occa SEI RTE BIE EG five 1s ne TL oe » Sm TEEt |
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers