A UST what President Roosevelt in- tends to do and what he wants congress to do was not revealed In any detail in the message which he read before a joint session of senate and house at the opening of the regular ses sion. However, It was an excellent speech, addressed to the na- tion rather than to the congress and heard over the ra- .dio by millions of his fellow countrymen who should be en- couraged by his gen- eral statement of progress made by the recovery admin. istration and all the allied collectiv- ist institutions. In plain, forceful! language, Mr, Roosevelt declared that the old meth- ods have gone into the discard and that the new social and economic or- der upon the lines lald down by the national recovery legislation must be pushed forward and made lasting. Op- position to this, he asserted, Is found among only a few individualists. In general terms he told of the success of the NRA In lessening unemploy- ment, abolishing child labor, establish. ing uniform standards of hours and wages and preventing “rulnous rival. ries within Industrial groups.” The President's claim for farm re Hef will be questioned by many. Said he: “Actual experience with the op- eration of the agricultural adjustment act leads to my belief that thus far the experiment of seeking a balance between production and consumption Is succeeding and has made progress entirely in line with reasonable ex- pectations toward the restoration of farm prices to parity.” Brief allusion was made to the war debts, ard it was stated that stabil ization of the dollar Is Impossible at present because certain other nations are “handicapped by Internal and other conditions.” The message referred specifically to the disclosures before the senate banking and currency com. mittee of rich and powerful financiers who “evaded the spirit and purpose of our tax laws,” enriched themselves at the expense of thelr stockholders and the public and through reckless speculation with their own and other people's money, “injured the values of the farmers’ crops and the savings of the poor.” It also declared the in- tention of the government and the people to suppress “crimes of organ ized banditry, cold-blooded shooting, lynching and kidnaping that have threatened our security.” The President's closing sentences especially aroused the supporters of the Constitution, He thanked the members of congress for their co-op eration, and concluded: *Out of these friendly contacts we are, fortunately, building a strong and permanent tie between the legislative and executive branches of the gov- ernment. “The letter of the Constitution wise ly declared a separation, but the im- pulse of common purpose declares a union. In this spirit we join once more in serving the American people.” President Roosevelt HIS message of the President was addressed especlally to the Amer ican people. A few days before he delivered another that was meant more for the rest of the world. It was his speech on Woodrow Wilson's birthday delivered at a dinner given by the Woodrow Wilson foundation, and In it be vigorously attacked po- litical leaders of other nations for frustrating the hopes of the peoples for world peace. Ninety per cent of the population of the earth, he averred, Is desirous that there shall be no more wars; but the remaining 10 per cent are misled by politicians who have imperialistic designs and selfish motives, Mr. Roosevelt's peace plan, offered to the world, may be thus summarized : Every nation would agree to elim. Inate over a period of years and by progressive steps all weapons of of- fense, keeping only permanent de. fensive Implements. Each nation could Inspect its neighbor to insure against offensive weapons, Every nation would join In a sim- ple declaration that no armed forces would be allowed to cross Its borders into the territory of any other nation. By ruling that such pacts would be effective unless all nations agreed the nations still belleving “in the use of the sword for Invasion” would be pointed out to the pressure of world opinion, The President also proclaimed a modification of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting that It would henceforth be the policy of the United States to un. dertake no single-handed armed Inter. vention in any of the American re publics. He declared that it was the Joint obligation of all those republics to intervene In any one of them If such Interference should hecome nec. essary to protect their Interests. R the current and the next fiscal years the President asks congress to provide sixteen and a half billion dollars, In the budget message which was transmitted to the lawmakers, Of this immense sum the recovery agencies will require almost ten bil- lions, the remainder being for the rou- the government establishment. For these two years the treasury deficits are estimated at nine billion three hundred milllon dollars. To meet these deficits the President proposes to borrow on the credit of the govern- ment ten bllllon doliars or more in addition to borrowing about twelve billions to refinance maturing govern. ment bonds and other obligations in the next year and a half. By July 1, 1985, when the President proposes to halt recovery operations and begin paying the bills out of taxes, the public debt, he estimates, will stand at the all-time record peak of thirty-one blilions eight hundred and thirty-four millions, Republican senators and repre sentatives and some Democrats pro fessed to be appalled by the Presi- dent's spending program, but it prob ably will be put through, just the same, PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT an- nounced that he had accepted the long expected resignation of Willlam H, Woodin as secretary of the treas Jr., to succeed him. Mr. Morgenthan took the oath of office on New Year's day In the presence of Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt and the members of Mr, expected since still In Arizona cover his health. Woodin's retirement had last summer, He Is endeavoring to re RESIDENT GRAU and his sup- porters in Cuba were preparing to combat an anti-government conspir- acy which Secretary of the Interior Guiteras sald had gone far to be halted by any plan of political conciliation, or even recognition of the Gran regime by the United States. The revolutionists, he sald, were operating from Miami, Fla, In Havana the army's home made tanks were placed In stra- tegic positions, the police were armed too President Grau on housetops to check sniping, The Miami revolutionaries’ plans “are too far advanced,” Guiteras sald, “because they accepted money from American corporations In exchang for certain concessions if they attain power. They can't return the money. Therefore, they must carry out their plans.” President Gran signed a decree set. ting April 22 as the date for the elec tion of a constitutional assembly which will meet on May 20 to choose a new provisional president and draft a new constitution. G=su said he would not continue In the presidency after May 20, regardless of whether the assembly confirms him as provi sional president. HOUGH the year closed with prices for farm products and man- ufactured foods showing a downward trend; though the estimates of. the government ana of grain dealers revealed that the acreage re duction program on which the Agriculture department spent vast sums was virtually a failure, and though there were other dis couraging signs, on the whole President Roosevelt and his ad visers had reason to ; believe the new year Speaker promised to see con Rainey siderable success achieved by their re covery plans, Many leaders in econ- omy and politics gave them this as surance, and there was manifested a general determination to go along fur ther with the President and support his efforts, Speaker Rainey predicted that the session of congress would be har monious, “We are going to have a short and constructive session,” said Mr. Rainey, “It will be a very important session, but a working one rather than a dra. matic one. We will pass the supply bills, the tax bills and the liquor meas ures and adjourn early in May, “There will be no attempt to over throw the recovery program or to op- pose the President, It isn't possibie. If there is any sniping the snipers are apt to be left at home. “We had the extra session and en acted the recovery program and it is Just beginning to work. Recovery 1s on the way.” ORRENTIAL realns lasting many hours wrought disaster In Los An. geles and its suburbs for floods rushed through the towns and countryside and probably 750 or more lives were lost, Glendale, Montrose, La Cres centa, Echo Park, Long Beach, Ala mitos Beach, Venice, Redondo Dench and other towns were those lu the direct path of the Inundation. It was in these places that the heaviest toll of life occurred. EVALUATION of the dollar ap pears to be a certainty of the not distant future, and the Treasury de partment Is getting ready for that step. To start with, it Is about to seize all remaining private holdings of gold. Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,, now secretary, in an order issued under the emergency banking law, demand. ed the surrender of all gold holdings, with five specific exceptions, regard. less of thelr size, Fallure to follow the treasury's or- der and conviction earries a maximum penalty of ten years in prison, $10,000 In fines, or both, The order applies to corporations, partnerships, and asso- clations as well as Individuals, One important exception which still blocks the way to devaluation was left in the new gold order. Federal reserve banks, which own $3,700,000, 000 in gold and gold certificates out of a total American gold stock of £4,300. 000,000, were still allowed to keep thelr gold. How to deprive the reserve banks of this gold legally, or at least of the profit which the banks would otherwise reap from devaluation, has long been puzzling treasury legal ex perts, TOW it Is up to the United States + Court of Claims to decide wheth- er or not Presldent Roosevelt's action in removing Willlam E. Humphrey as gn cus 8 member of the fed- : eral trade commission last October was “lille. gal and void" Mr. Humphrey has filed with the court a pe tition demanding from the United States £125130 which he says is due him as his salary from October 8 to November 30, laid before the court a transcript of four letters from the Pres. lent. Two of them requested his res. gnation, a third accepted his resigna- fon, gh Mr. Hur ed, none had been while a fourth contained only these words: “1 am in your letter of September 27. Effective as of date (October 7) you are hereby re moved from the office of commissioner of the federal trade commission” W. E. Humph. rey fe fe eS t althot offered, {ryt ¢ receipt of of that refusal; but the commission wrote him that it had vot. ed to recognize the executive order of the President. Mr. Humphrey is a Republican and the controversy be tween him and Mr, Roosevelt has been taken up as a political issue by some others of that party. be the subject of oratory and argu ment In congress. Mr. Humphrey represented the state commission President Coolidge In 1925 and reap pointed by President Hoover in 1081. weeks ago Jon GG. Iron tion, Guard, an anti-Jewish organiza. He has pald the penalty, for a member of the im in a rallway station The murderer, who was arrested with crime, istic of the new wave of anti-Semitic radicalism which has swept Rumania since the victory of Chancellor Hit. ler's anti-Jewish campaign in Ger many. J 0ANS totaling $27.534.000 were al lotted to six railroads by the PWA. Funds were authorized to per mit purchase of steel ralls and track fastenings, for the repair of locomo- the construction of coal cars, Largest of the loans was an alloca. tion of $12,000,000 to the Southern Pa. cifie company. The lllinols Central rallroad was granted $8,300,000 and the Baltimore & Ohio rallroad, $4,230,000, granted £1.4580000, loans of $205.000 and £250,000 were granted for Kansas, Oklahoma & Gulf railroad and the Interstate railroad, the latter a Vir ginla road, HICAGO's great meat packing in. dustry expressed Indignant sur. prise at sweeping charges of noncom- pliance with the President's recovery program made at Washington by Speaker Raloey. Spokesmen for all the big concerns declared they were doing all possible to co-operate with the government and that Mr. Ralney's statements were Inaccurate and mis leading. In Washington it was sald the AAA was Investigating the packing industry and that if the latter does not comply with the spirit of the farm relief and recovery programs it faces the possibility of being virtually taken over by the government. RADICALS in Argentina attempted a revolt at Rosario and Santa Fe, in the northern part of the country, attempting to prevent the forthcoming elections, But the authorities were alert and suppressed the uprising The mounted police fired on the crowds and a score or more of the reds were killed and many wounded when they attacked the arsenals and police head: quarters, ARY N. WEIRINGER, JIL, deputy administrator In charge of the banking code, was fired by General Johnson because he was held respon sible for the lgsue of a press re lease inferring that Johnson had ap proved a proposed set of fair bank. Ing practice rules that some 700 banks and clearing houses were about te adopt. Johusoy suspended the pro posed fee schedules, stating that he bad never seen them, © 1934, Western Newopaper Union, Washington,~The farm leaders are on the neck of congress again, and they are causing the Farm Leaders politicians no end of Irk Congress grief and worry. Pe- cullar, too, the cur- rent struggle was brought on by the politiclans themselves who failed to Bee a year or so ago where they were headed. They are now face to face with a problem that involves not only the demands of the farm leaders, but directly and forcefully affects the abil- ity of the federal government to bor- row money, The situation is this: the Farm Credit administration originally had a fund of £200,000000 which it could use rather in Its own way for rellef in desperate farm mortgage cases. It could determine appraisals for itseif and do a number of other things in order to get relief to distressed farm owners without regard for ordinary federal mortgage laws. But that fund has been exhausted. Indeed, it has been far overdrawn, and the ¥Fdrm Credit administration has had to bor. row money from leconstruction Finance corporation in order to carry on that phase of Its work, Now, the Farm : $484 11 ! 0n must sell hor the Credit stra- uthority admini It has a to sell them to obtain with exceeding Investors leularly anxious to t in a Farm len« quancary, rantee the may interest they to be guaranteed. In to enact the legis either lation necessary, Offhand, it would seem that congress y guarantee the in- terest and pri i out any argu. ment. It is a sit ion, however. not 80 easily are gus and principal, homes will have | If both of the agencies dealing with mortgages, and That is the whole story, home, are accorded a gov- guarantee, ure of farm and home loan bond ig Into bil then the whole ns of dollars, in which the an inter government has becomes a part of the national The national debt now is around 23.500000000, It can go somewhat Yet, there is a limit. When hat limit is reached, Investors every. banks will suffer to rested your premium payments In short, an overloading of the And end, taxpayers will pay and So that point where the politicians selves now is at the They can not yield all of the of the farm leaders. That Cross. demands jut they started the farm All the farm leaders are de now is that the politicians att fic ini JANGIng * 8 » The early weeks of congress already have demonstrated that the session Is going to be devoted Political to =a considerable Horse Trading “*'*nt to the build ing of campaign fences, Although the votes will not be cast until November, there is dis entiefaction with sitting members of the house and senate In many a baili- wick, and there are ambitious citizens in every one of them who are “will Ing” to serve the district or the state, Consequently, the job of building cam- palgn fences Is under way, and the biennial horse trading of the politi. cians has begun, The horse trading of the current eogsion, however, Is going to be con siderably different than In most ses gions of congress, One of the reasons why the trading will be different is that man who sits In the White House, Ordinarily, maneuvers are earried out on the floors of the house or senate that are designed to enable this or that Individual to obtain re-election and they are accomplished with little or no interference from the President. President Roosevelt has his program, however, and unless the boys and girls making up the membership of congress line up correctly, they won't get any gmile from the Chief Executive when such a smile and some kind words would win the election. It Is a tough gpot for the candidates, It might be well to explain how the trading is done just so the whole thing Is on the record, | have watched them from the eminence of the press gal lerles so many times that the gyra- tions no longer prove entertaining, Those things, however, never seem to the senators and representatives mall out to thelr constituents. But trading goes on just the same. * . ine As an example of the way the trad Ing goes on, consider this one: A western fought How It’s Worked did all of the to attract and attention to a bill ury for use in his district, the bill put through to insure his re- election, lut he received little or no consideration. Presently, another bill seeking some particular plums for other sections of the country appeared on the scene, Supporters of that bil) of the other things to attract atten- tion to their bill. They ran into a stone wall, also. When that happened, the two groups began to talk turkey and they served notice on several oth- er groups, fostering particular legis lation, that they would block anything and everything until they received permission from the powers that get their bills before the house forced an agreement. It tion of a “bloc.” filled The most strength mustered among gruntied groups to prevent affirms action. In the current be to They was the ac and congress is just with them, traders get what they want instances, because enough can be session, how. and if Goes first consideration cratic r ority the Preside the not ay be tno bad next } I am remine of an inciden General ed, in this connection, involving Farley, the 1 guide, A tration's political to see “Jim™ Post “Tien «30 adminis. certain about a “Jim" the senator, { Br ana senator wanted job for a powerful constituent, did not want to the Kio senator insisted ! He requested ane J demanded appolr “or else I will be ¥ for that. where, on m not responsi record here ior votes in the senate, voted against the administration on fire. That record may not warrant your reelection anyway.” That ended the incident, and it also serves to show how the President and all of his advisors engage In horse trading, too. the * * » The turn start that always accompanies a new year, See Better to conviction conditions, feally and financially, are Improving. ‘nderlying factors surely give every indication of better times. We, here, who are meeting men of consequence from every part of the country week after week, get rather definite expres. at a rate of Improvement that war rants real optimism. It is the first of that kind. I am constrained to ever, that most people be discouraged because uniformly believe, how- ing to see more Industry at work than since the depression began, and the summer will carry on with some expansion, But It takes so long for the improvement vo become apparent to most of us, insofar as It affects us personally, that we get down In the dumps with waiting, One of the things about which 1 have heard that sounds worthwhile is the total of advance orders that a== golng In from manufacturing estad- lishments, Advance orders, for Fehrn- ary, March and April delivery are re. corded in some lines to be the largest in four years. That statement does not apply to all lines of commercial endeavor. There are some excesd- ingly bad spots, even dangerous spots. These will be slower than the others in getting on thelr feet again. Yet the pleture of business, as a whole, can be sald to be far better now than it has been since the beginning of 1830. Although Secretary Morgenthau sald that his censorship rule against treas ury officials was withdrawn and that subordinates could talk with newer= per correspondents who wanted esnls factual data, many of the lesser lights around the treasury still are scared stiff about talking with a correspond. ent. Witness this: A few days ago Clarence T. Ellls of St. Louls, Mo. was named assistant solicitor of the treasury, a promotion from a job as an attorney in the department that he had held for many years, A corre spondent called him by telephone to inquire whether his home was in St. Louis. Mr. Ellis replied that the cor yondent would have to “see Mr, Gaston for any information.” (Herbert E. Gaston is the treasury's publicity representative.) The Inquiring report er wondered whether Mr. Gaston could be sure of where Mr. Ellis lived, but he went to seo Mr, Gaston because he couldn't get the Information anywhere ele, ® by Western Newspaper Union, Frontiersmen By CLMO SCOTT WATSON Hank Monk, Stage Driver D> ALL the men who guided the lutnbering Concord stage coaches across the plains and over the moun tains of the West in the days before the railroad came, none was more fa- mous than Hank He is not so remembered, however, as he should be—for being the driver. who, on July 80, 1838, brought first coach mall over the Central Overland Monk. the cerville, Callf,—as he i8 for being the the great Horace Greeley, the N York editor felt advice to anyone and everyone, including Abra- qua ag ive of Hank snd Horace is classics of the West. In The story one of the of the wned East. Nev, As leaned out of ed Hank that acervilie right out of Carson ( slarted, they the Greeley window and for Sa ! Hank was not accustom orders from anyone, &n eastern tenderfoot. blandly The first tried to lean out the window and sh But every t was thrown back into wt some more advice me he fourth shrieke When the ville heard } they Hank with a gold watch engraved with presented “Keep your 1 . Hor. and for becar erner wanted the next half century that y-word when a west 0 : There was another it, Monk sent that if he was elected a candidate for Presider word to Horace pleasant memento of easy government job editor replied: “I thousand you even are the this the would you fathoms in h—1 than testy rather see ten give For man who ever had it a ridi ¢ American exercised that bread you peo lainously - - * Custer Disaster Messenger N THE gray twilight of the dawn of June 28, 1876, the men on the steam- As they rushed on deck, saw a horseman galloping furiously up the valley, turning now and then In they When the redsking saw the steamer. Springing from West and gasped out: “Custer and all is men have been wiped out by the Sioux I” He was “Mugging” Tarlor. a scout attached to General Gibbons’ mand, on his way to Fort Ells “ve witn Dis. covered by the Indians he had heen forced to run for his life and only the lucky chance of his finding the Far West where he did, saved him from death at the hands of the kav. ages. To the men on board the boat he gave the first authentic account of the disaster that had befallen the dashing leader of the Seventh cavalry. Two days later Taylor left the Far West when it efeamed out of the Big Horn into the Yellowstone and set out on his long, lonely ride of 175 miles to Fort Ellis. A hundred miles from his starting place he reached an old stage station on the Yellowstone where lived Horace Countryman, an old scout an? Indian fighter. Taylor was so exhaust. ed that he was unable to go on, but the next day, accompanied by Country. man, he set out on a fresh horse and reached Fort Ellis, where he again told his tragic story to a group of hor rified listeners, In the meantime Countryman had continued on to Bozeman, where he expected to be able to spread the tid ings of Custer's fate over a govern. ment telegraph wire. But on his ar rival there he found the govern. ment wire down antl useless, so he continued on to Helena which he reached about noon on July 4. Thers he told the news to Andrew J, Flak, an Associated Press world the first news of the disaster on the Little Big Horn—a feat made possible by the daring ride of “Mug: gins” Taylor, After the Indian wars were over Taylor became a peace officer in Mon tana and was Xilled in the town Couleon in Setober. 2883, by a drunk. on ne'eralo na Lamp or Lemp who shot Taylor down when the dep ty sheriff attempted to arrest @ 1908 Western Newspaper Union.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers