THE CENTRE AMERICAN business, as represent. ed by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 1s now out In open opposition to President Roose. velt's monetary poll- ¢y. The board of di- rectors of that nation- wide organization, which is headed by Henry I. Harriman of Boston, adopted a res- olution declaring that the President's course was gravely retarding business recovery and re-employment, under- A mining the govern. President ment's credit, prevent: = Roosevelt ing the expansion of normal credit and prolonging the de- moralization of foreign trade—Iin other words, doing just the opposite of what Mr. Roosevelt hopes it will do. The directors demanded of the adminlistra- tion “complete avoldance of monetary experimentation, greenbackism and flat money.” Until this time the chamber has been supporting the President and Mr. Harriman has been active in pro moting the aims of the administration, He attended the meeting of the board, as did P. W, Litchfield, president of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber com- pany; Redfield Proctor, president of the Vermont Marble company; Paul Shoup, vice president of the Southern Pacific rallroad; Chester I. Barnard, president of the New Jersey Bell Tele. phone company, and nearly all the rest of the 52 directors. Besides attacking the monetary policy, the board adopted three other resolutions of similar tenor. One protested against the ex- penditure of large sums by the public works administration for financing projects In competition with private business enterprises which are now rendering adequate service at reason- able cost. Another protested against the publie works administration's plan to engage In the building of federal housing projects, and insisted that such finane. ing should be through private housing corporations, In a resolution on chamber urged that Industrial codes should be administered through the trade associations of each Industry, President's the NRA, the S HAD been expected, Prof. 0. M. W. Sprague, special adviser to the treasury, resigned, and in doing so he told the President, once his pupil at Harvard, that the Roosevelt dollar de preciation policy not only will fall to ralse prices substantially in the absence of trade recovery but will ruin the credit of the gov- ernment and precipl- tate an Inflation panie. “I believe,” Sprague said in his letter, “you are faced with the al ternative either of Prof. 0. M. W. giving up the present Sprague policy or of the meeting of govern ment expenditures with additional money.” Having finally lost all hope that ths President might be persuaded to change his course before it is too late, Professor Sprague sald he was resign Ing to take the field against the Roose velt policy, believing that the last chance of averting a currency inflation debacle lies in arousing public opinion, Another of the President's financial advisers, though unofficial, James P. Warburg, New York banker, Joins with Sprague In protest against the present monetary policies. Like the profes sor, he will undertake to arouse publle opinion against them. This he an nounced at a meeting of the American Academy of Political Science in Phil adeiphia. At the same meeting Prof. Irving Fisher, Yale economist, said the President's monetary policy was “sub- stantially right”; and Senator Thomas of Oklahoma asserted that he was op- posed to Inflation, which will cause generai surprise, Members of the advisory council of the federal reserve board, composed of prominent bankers In each federal reserve district, met In Washington and adopted a resolution favoring the re-establishment of the currency on a gold basis, together. with safeguards to be agreed upon by International ae tion. The resolution was eclirenlated privately among all the member banks in the federal reserve system, pm CTING Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau replied to eriticisms hy saying that “the credit of the United States is as good as the Rock of Gib raltar” ;: but at the same time he let it be known that, In order to belsier up the prices of government securities, which have been dropping, the Treas ury department itself “won'd buy fed. eral bonds with some of its surplus funds, RESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S answer to these protests against his pol fcles, as obtained by Washington offi cials who communicated with him at Warm Springs, was to direct that the program of depreciating the dollar for the purpose of raising prices be continued. The action of the chamber was co incident with the delivery of an ad dress by Mr. Roosevelt at Savannah, Ga., In which he denounced the critics of his recovery program as “tories” and “doubting Thomases” and warmly defended the “experiments” he Is mak. Ing. He promised that “the principles and objectives of Amerlean self-gov- ernment will remain the same.” Washingion correspondents sald that an ambitious second stage recon- struction program was being formulat- ed there for the President In his ab sence, Important features of this plan are sound money on a devalued gold standard; a balanced budget to come from proceeds of a devaluation, liquor monopoly and other “painless” rey- enues; a revived foreign trade on parity currency and real progress In resumption of foreign debt collections. Seizing upon the appellation used by the President, critics of his course have organized the Association of American Tories and It is gathering many members. The originators of the assoclation decided they should have a king for their President, so they selected for that post Rufus King, a well-known author, ECRETARY of the Interior Ickes as public works administrator, announced that he had turned $100. 000,000 over to the new federal hous ing corporation that is undertaking slum clearance work In cities through out the country, The undertaking, he sald, would be started In Detroit with a model housing project. commodity R ESUMPTION of diplomatic rela- tions with Russia and the recog- nition of the Soviet government came, as was expected, on the eve of the . President's departure for Warm Springs. He and Commissar Lit vinor Issued a Joint announcement of the happy ending of their negotiations, and Mr. Roosevelt Immediate ly designated William C. Bullit as American ambassador to Mos cow, which greatly pleased the Russians, Within a day or so the Soviet government announced that its ambassador to Washington would be Alexander An- tonovich Troyanovsky, formerly dip. lomatic representative at Tokyo and now vice chalrman of the Hussian state planning commission. This gen tleman was born In Russia In 1882 studied In the University of Kiev, was exiled to Siberia In 1000, escaped and lived In France until 1917, and served In tha Russian revolutionary army, With recognition by our government, Russia agrees not to allow its agents to propagandize against the govern- ment of the United States: guarantees religious freedom and legal protection for American nationals in Russia, and waives all claims against the United States growing out of the American expedition Into Siberia in 1018-21. No promise whatever was made by Mr. Litvinov concerning the attitude of his government toward the payment of $768.583.000 In debts owed by Rus sla to the United States government and to private American citizens Ran A. A. Troyan. oveky OLIOWING his conference with Ambassador Welles In Warm Springs, President Roosevelt issued a formal statement concerning the Cuban situation which was designed to let Pres ident Grau know that the United States is not ready to recognize his government and will not do so unless he ean persuade the island factions to cease their warring and agree among themselves, The statement re iterated the adminis. Sumner Welles trations policy of recognizing any gov. ernment, regardless of its partisan or factional color, which proved itself representative of its people and able to secure thelr support. But it was made clear that the present Cuban government, assailed as it has been by one revolutionary attempt after an other, did not at present meet these conditions, Mr. Roosevelt supplemented his statement by the announcement that, though Ambassador Welles would re turn to his post in Havana after visit Ing Washington, he would soon be re placed by Jefferson Caffery and would resume his former position as assistant secretary of state for Latin American affairs. This Is In full accord with Mr. Welles’ desires though he has been unwilling to retire from Havana under the heavy fire directed against him by the supporters of the Grau government, The latter had been or ganizing a great protest demonstra. tion designed to keep the ambassador from landing at the Havana docks and serious trouble was feared. Mr. Roose velt's announcement It was hoped would ease this tense situation, REMIER ALBERT SARRAUT'S government was upset by the French chamber of deputies by a vote of 821 to 247 due to its insistence on reten- tion of the gold standard and balane. Ing the budget. Its defeat was really brought about by the determination of the unions of clvil servants not to sub- mit to any financial sacrifices In the Interests of the state. There was a belief In Paris that Edouard Herrlot might again be called on to form a new ministry, ECRETARY OF STATE HULL, who \J doesn't seem to cut much of a figure In the administration, is to have a new assistant secretary. President Roosevelt appointed to this post Francis B. Sayre, son-in-law of the late President Wilson, and he will succeed Harry F. Payer who has been transferred to the position of special foreign trade adviser to the RFC. Mr. Sayre is a professor h ; in the Harvard law ; school and will re F. B. Sayre move from Cambridge to Washington a8 soon as arrangements can be made with the university, As adviser on foreign affairs to the government of Slam, Mr. Sayre has had wide experience In the negotia- tion of political and commercial treaties. Since 1925 he has negotinted treaties between the Siamese govern ment and the governments of France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Italy, He holds decorations from all of the principal nations of Europe, TEUTENANT COMMANDER SET TLE of the navy and Major Ford ney of the marines finally found a day of/favorable atmospheric con ditions and made thelr long-delayed flight Into the stratosphere. Thele big balloon ascended from Akron Ohlo, and reached an altitude of 61.287 feet. This beat the existing record by about 8.000 feet, though Russia's strat osphere explorers claimed to have ris en above 62.000 feet, Settle’'s balloon and aluminum ball came down In a southern New Jersey swamp and the two daring explorers extricated themselves safely and were taken by alrplane to Washington where they were received by the sec retary of the navy and other officials A TEWFOUNDLAND is about to lose AN its status as a British dominion and be demoted to that of a crown col ony. This course has been recom: mended by a royal commission that has been Investigating the dominlon's tangled financial affaira The report of this body charges that Newfound land's debt, which bas reached the point where the Interest consumes 60 per cent of the state's income, Is “largely due to reckless waste and ex travagance and to the absence of con structive and efficient administration” Newfoundland was the first of Great Britain's overseas colonies. Labrador is Included In Its government, and one of the suggested solutions for the Is land's difficulties has been to sell Lad rador to Canada, paying the public debt with the proceeds, EISMOGRAPHS sll over the world showed the other day what scien tists declared was the greatest earth quake ever recorded. But fortunately it occurred way up toward the North pole, between Greenland and Baffin is land where there was nothing to de stroy except land formation and neo lives to be taken, RNEST W. GIBSON, who formerly was a congressman from Vermont, will go back to Washington to repre sent that state In the senate. He was appointed by Governor Wilson to 811 the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Porter H. Dale ISCONSIN'S farm strike fizsled out, so it was called off by the heads of the Farm Holiday associa tion and the milk pool. The pickets were all withdrawn and shipments of milk and other farm produce to the markets were resumed. The milk pool leader sald another “holiday™ probably would be ordered in Feb ruary, (CHINA seems to be headed for an. other civil war of major propor tions. The famous Nineteenth route army, which defended Shanghat against the Japanese early last year, has re volted against the Nanking govern ment and issued a declaration of in. dependence of Fukien province, It is rumored the army has reached an un. derstanding with the communists in Kiangsi province, The fact that Fukien's chief politieal principle is continued opposition to Japan has caused apprehension that it is likely to provoke Japanese inter vention. The province conta’ 8 exten. sive Japanese Interests and Is re. garded ag a Japanese sphere due to Its location opposite the Japanese island colony on Formosa, Iso. Or DECEMBER 5 the fascist geand council will be convoked to dis cuss the question of Italy's member ship In the League of Nations, and in formed opinion in Rome is that Italy will withdraw from the Leasue unless France consents to the holding of » disarmament conference in Rome un der the four-power pact that was en gineered by Mussolinl, 80 far the French have refused to participate in any such conference outside of Geneva and the ausplees of the League. Three ltallan newspapers al ready have hinted at the possibility % a a Popolo d'Italia. Union. 4 National Topics Interpreted Washington,—1 belleve the question most frequently heard In Washington these days is: “Now that we have this new deal, how is it going to be untan- gled?" And It occurs to me that it Is about the most important question be fore this government today. A chem Ist ean mix constituent parts of a for. mula or a prescription, but he never can undo what he has done. Thus, while the new deal has not changed the physical characteristics of things, ng a chemist would do In mixing a formula, the job of getting this coun- try settled down Is one of such mag- nitude that the untangling of the skein is going to require something more than patience, Consider the farm adjustment pro gram. Or the NRA. Or look into the uprooting of commerce and Industry by the various banking changes and currency and gold manenvers that have taken place. And last, but by po means least, examine the rapidly growing pile of obligations that con- stitute what we know as our public debt, With reference to the public debt, it should be stated that this country, after the World war and Its devasta- tation and animosities had been shak en off, proceeded to pay off its publis debt at an amazing rate. After the end of the war when the debt was at its peak, the government owed a total! of F20550000000, It stands today roughly at £23.400,000.000, In between those two dates, when the country was prosperous and income taxes and oth- er taxes were yielding thelr fullest, the debt once was whittled down to about $§10.500.000,000, So those who watch over the public debt say they entertain no fears: that when conditions are prosperous again there will be taxes to pay off the debt and that no one will complain about the vast sums pow being spent If the result is prosperity. This payment of the debt, however, Is to my mind considerably less of a tangle, a problem, with which to deal, than the farm adjustment scheme on which Secretary Wallace and his Agricultural department folks are laboring. It seems likely, from Mr. Wallace's calculations, that the coun try's acreage of harvested crops next Year will be at least 30000000, and may be 35.000.000, acres below the ay erage acreage of crops planted and har vested annually in recent years, Emer. gency adjustment plans are responsi ble. They are predicated upon a basis edntemplating control of production, a restriction against a surplus that would force prices down. Mr. Wallace Is profoundly eon vinced that this course will be ex. tremely helpful to the farmers. He sees better returns to them and he sees greater peace of mind, which aft er all Is not to be dismissed lightly, among the farm folks of the country. jut that is the Immediate pleture. What of the future? Or to quote again the oft-repeated question: “how Is It going to be untangled?” My own conviction is that In the urge to get some relief out to the farm belt, too little attention has been pald to the fu- ure status of the entire commodity production areas of the nation that can be called farm land . "0 Important Quest on public To show how far-reaching the farm adjustment program is, it Is only nec essary to state that Like a Game every crop thus far of Chess considered Is one constituting a “key” in the commodity structure. These key crops—cotton, wheat, corn, ete.— occupy more than 1900000000 acres To change that layout, Secretary Wal. Ince admits, Is Just like a game of chess. When you make one move, you are Immediately faced with another, and so on, By removing wheat as a production from one square mile or one portion of a county, attention must Immedi- ately be given to the question of to what use that land can be put. It is obvious that it cannot be allowed to grow only weeds, So there must be a that will not compete with wheat, or with corn or with cotton or the other crops on which production control is being attempted, As an example, out In western Kan- sas, they have developed after years of trial and experiment, a new kind of sorghum cane. It Is no longer the tall, slender stalk of yore but a short stalk head of grain, or seed, as you choose to describe it. It can be produced for about 14 cents a bushel, and farmers are flocking to its use. It takes care a falr return. Such Is through the list. It Is not , I think any fair-minded person wil admit it. No professor, capacity to find anyone who has sug- gested the answer, I cannot refrain from calling attention to one possibil- ity: the new deal has set out upon a policy that cannot avold revision of our entire economic structure and, it now appears, it may lead even to a re-settiement of the United States. That means, of course, that folks who devote their lives to live stock raising will have to move to the areas where they can do that, and the corn grow- ers will have to get into that balliwick, or some such new alignment. [ econ- fess | do not know what drastie changes can be accomplished without dislocating the lives and the hopes of farmers, but to me it 18 a decidedly Interesting question over which to pon- der as the long winter nights wear on. \ * * The country still seems to be trying to figure out what was the cause of i the recent drastic The Big treasury reorganiza- Puzzle tion. The came so quickly and without any warning note that it was 8 move amounting to lightning from a clear sky. And now the observers here are trying to figure out its mean- ing in the fullest sense, I watched the country's leading newspapers closely for several days after the President announced that Secretary Woodin was going on a long leave of absence in search of health, that Dean Acheson was resigning as undersecretary, and that Henry Mor genthau, Jr, was being moved over as undersecretary of the treasury, from the post of governor of the farm credit admunistration. Being under: wecretary, he Immediately became act- ing secretary when Mr. Woodin for Arizona In his search for health, The newspapers were at wide vari ance on thelr views, Some of them umns, that inflationists had taken the treasury under thelr wing and that we were headed stralght into the grievous mistake that Germany made on her currency. Others took the position that Mr. Woodin was not a “ves” man and that Mr. Acheson was not In sympathy Mr. Roosevelt was lending his support, and that the President simply cleaned house, Whatever the reason was, it remains as much of a secret as ever, thing upon which Washington obsery- ers seem to agree and the feeling was reflected In many large newspapers, was that Mr. Acheson was the “goat™ Mr. Roosevelt wanted Mr. Morgenthan in the treasury and wanted him to run the place while Mr. Woodin was away. and the only way to accomplish it was to get rid of Mr, Acheson, That cer- tainly happened, The President, In snnouncing the changes, said It was necessary to have a man of more experience in the treas- ury than Mr. Acheson since Mr. Wood- in was going to be absent, » * » the government's work relief program re 80 that it will be op- Make Millions oryting on its most of Jobs extensive scale coin- cident with what is logically expected to be the peak of unemployment this winter. His pro- gram to add $400,000,000 to the publie works funds and take idle persons off the relief rolls for those jobs Is well under way. It no da=3Ht will make several million jobs available for a short time at least It is the President's thought that where persons have been on relief rolls, they will gladly take a job and work regularly If they are paid a Ut- tie more than the relief doles they were receiving. He contends that peo- ple prefer work generally to being fed on a charity basis. And as far as I can learn, no one disputes the idea. Certainly, the person who is working and Is being paid for It regains self- respect which so many times Is lost when charitable organizations have to care for him and his family. There Iz one aspect of the program for making work, however, that seems to have been generally overlooked The proposition contemplates wide de velopment of roads and highways In all parts of the nation State road supervisors are going to make and, in- deed. are now making, plans and list- ing projects In the numerous counties where work of a worthwhile nature ean be done. This plan places the Jobs close to the source of need, right in the locality where men are out of . 0» While we are discussing the prob- lems of the new deal, it seems pertl- nent to eall attention to how advance. ment of science In commerce and Ine dustry add problems with which the professors must cope, For example, the bureau of fisheries of the Depart. ment of Commerce has just discov. ered a way to make oysters shock themselves. There are thousands men, and women, too, Fifty Famous Frontiersmen By ELMO SCOTT WATSON a “Father of the Texas Panhandle” I" IS difficult to say which of the many feats In the career of Col, { Charles Goodnight made him most fa- | mous. Is be best remembered as the | mau who bluzed three Important tralis {In the old Texas cattle driving days? {Or as the head of the great J. A. ranch which once comprised more than | 1.300,000 ficres gnd had wore than { 100.000 cattle? Or as the founder of | the widely known “Goodnight buffalo | herd” and the preserver of the last remnants of the countless millions | that once roamed the of the | West? Whichever #t Is, his fame as the “Father of the Texas Panhandie”® ia title which Includes In it some ele | ments of all three, seems secure. Goodnight was born In [llinols on | March 5, 1836-- Just three days after | Fexas, where he was to win his fu- | ture renown. had declared its inde pendence from Mexico. His parents | loved to Texas in 1845, the year the Lone Star state the Union. {| Bo If there was ever a man who “grew pinins entered {| up with a state,” that man was Charles | Goodnight, | During the Civil war Goodnight, the | young ranchman. served with the Tex- | as Rangers fighting Indians Mexicans { and cattle and horse thieves and win | ning valuable experience for the stir ring day: that were to come At the ciose of the war Fexas plains | swarmed with eattie and the Texans i had to find 8 market for them Some of the ranchers had a ready begun to trail thelr cattle up to Abilene Kan, for shipment East, but Goodnight saw & greater opportunity in New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming there | were Indian agencies look ng for beef, But between the Panhandle of Texas and these markets was a vas: expanse | of desert country Inhabited by Serce | Comanches, ready to pounce on white | Invaders, kill them and seize their cat- i tle Undaunted by these dangers ood night looked around until he found a kindred spirit In Oliver Loving and | they, with 18 daring cowboys, gath- i ered up 8 herd of several thousand cat- tie and started out. Two months later they arrived In Fort Sumner, N. M,, {| with a 600-mile Journey safely behind them, “his trall which they blazed immed) ately became known as the Trail, snd later ft was through the Raton mountains | Colorado and Wyoming The second of the trails which Good blazed ran from Almogordo, N. M. to Granada, Colo. and one soon became famous as New { Goodnight Trail. His third trail, laid {ont when he was f the J. A ranch, was the Palo Duro Dodge City Trail, from bis ranch to Dodge City, the where Goodnight extended into i night this the head o 200 miles In length, Kan, LE I Famous for an Act Not His “CoLoNEL CRESAP, the last i spring. in cold blood and unpro- | voked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not even sparing my womed and children. There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living iereature. . . . Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one!” Do you remember it—*The Rpeech of Logan” in the old McGuffey’s read ‘er? Thousands of American school | boys have recited that matchless or | ation and thereby perpetuated a grave | injustice to a brave frontiersman. For | Capt. Michael Cresap was not the | lender of the party of whites who mas sacred the family of Logan, the Mingo | chief, during Lord Dunmore’s war of | 1774, even though the immortal words of the heart-broken red man sent the accusation thundering down the years. Born in 1742, the son of Col Thomas Cresap, a wellknown Maryland pi- oncer, young Michael early set up as a trader. But he did not come into prominence until the year 1773 when he went across the Ohlo, became » “squatter” on lands owned by no less 8 person than George Washington, and wns the subject of several indignant letters by that futuregreat Virginian, In the spring of 1774 it was apparent that another Indian war was Imminent. Dunmore sent word to the frontiers wen along the Ohio to hold themselves in readiness to repel an Indian attack. Placing a liberal Interpretation ob these orders, a party led by Cresap ambushed some Shawnees and killed and scalped them. This was the first blood shed by the whites, and it is a blot on the record of Cresap, even though he was innocent of the murder of Logan's family, an affair which fol fowed soon afterwards and for which Logan, confusing the two attacks, blamed Cresap. in June, 1774, Cresap was com missioned a captain of frontier militia by Lord Dunmore and served with bim throughout the campaign, The next year when colonial resent. ment against the Mother Country at inst broke out into open rebellion, Cresap led a company of Maryland York city in October, 1755, and was buried in the churchyard of historic
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers