RE
ERARDO MACHADO, president
of Cuba, appeared to be reach
Ing the end of his rope, but was stub-
bornly defiant of his opponents and
flatly rejected the plan
offered by American
Ambassador Sumner
Welles for settlement
of the Island's po-
litical turmoil. Mr.
Welles told Machado
that he should ask
congress for a leave
of absence after ap-
pointing an acceptable
man for the position
of secretary of state;
that secretary, accord-
ing to the Cuban con-
stitution, would succeed to the presi.
dency in event that office became va-
cant, He would then select a cabinet
representative of all political fac:
tions, constitutional reforms would be
submitted to congress and later to a
constitutional convention: and the vice
presidential would be *d by
either the the supreme
court.
To this proposition
replied :
“I am and will continue to be
president of the
exercising all of
prerogatives. Of
quish the
coming a
posed in me b;
when they freely gave
me, or without the inde
pendence and sover a repub-
lic that I assisted It unding, having
fought In the ependence,”
The Cuban congress supported Ma-
chado in ation to retain
the mediation efforts of
dor Welles were den
the sovere
» who know ¢
is not sur.
1do’s pow
He controls
favor many
Tre
of lot-
Gerardo
Machado
office
CONgress or
President
chado
the
Cuba,
constitutional
Republic of
my
these I cannot relin-
part
to the confidence re-
smallest without be-
trait
the people of Cuba
their votes to
war for in
his determi
his office, and
Amba
as strimental to
the republic. To t
the island this
basis of Ma
1
ditions on
prising. The
er Is
this Ir
leading congressmen are
the state lottery,
' his
able to
ns from the sale
tery ticks
What the people think of Machado
was plainly indicated by the events
just preceding the crisis deseribed. It
was reported in Havana that the pres-
ident hac ned ane y
a great began demonstrating
Joyfully the police and troops
killing and
wounding many, and the marchers fled
In dismay. Martial law was declared
and the city was patroled, but acts of
violence re frequent,
immedia
viciously, some
For several days the city had been
tied
strike
The
up by a general transportation
that inv ed many industries,
announced it had
granted the demands of the laborers,
but the nen refused to return
to Ek whil constitutional guaran.
ties i ¢
Cuba liticians thought Machado's
les’ peace plan would
ntion by the United
Washin this
unlik To send our
marines to the { would
President Roose
and would stultify the
the Jap-
governme
ton was
d quite ur
be cone
trary to velt's de.
clared
policy,
position
he took
Manchuria.
Mr. Welles declared that
was and Mach:
statement said: “I am disposed to
mediate with my political adversaries
and to concede to them their just de.
mands to any extent that will not di.
the authority or the prestige
institutions of the republic or
concerning
nese in
mediation
not ended, ido in his
minish
of the
the head of the state.
ECRETARY OF STATE CORDELL
WV HULL, back
ference, Is again in his offices at the
State department. and has lost
of his internat
fem. He still
all nations
should
end the world depres.
from the London con-
none
onal
believes
can and
co-operate to
sion, and says
tie programs for rals
ing prices and reduce
Ing unemployment are
but the preludes to
such co-operation. Mr,
Hull also announced ia :
that the United States
was ready and willing Sec’y Hull
to promote close trade and commercial
relations with the countries of Latin
America, and suggested the negotia-
tion of specific commercial agreements.
In advocating bilateral trade agree
ments under the most favored nation
principle, Hull explained that such
agreements would relate primarily to
commodities of a noncompetitive na.
ture. He explained that reciprocal
trade agreements would not neces
sarily conflict with most favored na-
tion treaties, because such agreements
would be thrown open to signature by
other nations which, however, might
not be interested in the products af-
fected by the treaties because the
treaties would affect particular prod:
wets which would best be manufac
tured in some one nation,
Explaining why the economic con-
ference did not achieve the full meas.
ure of success that liad been hoped far,
Hull sald the various nations found
that their economic problems and the
problem of co-operation were much
more difficult than had been imagined.
Nevertheless, he was unwilling to con-
sider the London gathering of 66 na-
tions a fallure.
JreeNcH fears of another war with
Germany were sharply stimulated
by the abrupt refusal of the Hitler
government to consider the parallel re
quests made by Great Britain and
France that Nazi propaganda in Aus
tria be discontinued. The two pro-
testing nations declared the course
Germany was pursuing was In viola.
tion of the spirit of the four power
peace pact recently signed; but thelr
ambassadors were told by the German
foreign office that the Berlin govern-
ment failed to see any reason for ap-
plication of the four power treaty in
this instance, and that Germany re
garded as inadmissible this interfer
ence In the German-Austrian trouble
Italy had declined to join Britain
and France in their protest, but did
nake I representations to Ber
lin concerning Nazi aerial propa
territory. The
nt was Informally ad
friend]
da over Austrian
that Germany would take steps
diately to end this practice
the considerab
French statesmen were pessimist
believed affal
the
it reassembles in the
eased situation
Yer
the whole
ashup of disarn
mediation board. me
formally organized
up
a controversy in New
Orleans Senator
Robert FF, Wa
New York,
board,
in Europe
messages
rma
was on
were
to him asking
he return
His
represented
he
imme
SOCTO
him
board's ses
the other mem.
present 3
Teagle, Dr. Leo Wolms
Louis E, Kirstein, John IL. Lewis
liam Green and Gerard Swope.
Henry 1. Harriman, president of the
United States Chamber of Commerce.
is highly opti concerning the
employment At San Fran-
cisco he predicted tt 7.000,000 per
Senator
Wagner
sions,
bers
Walter C i
stic
situation,
sons would be re-employe
of this year.
rs tha
¥ the
UY liberally now, but buy only from
dealers who display the blue eagle,
is the advice of Gen. Hugh Johnson.
national recovery administrator. [His
1 is that prices
soon will advance as the various codes
get into operation and the purchasing
power of the people Increases. At the
same time the recovery administration
is taking steps to keep the retailers
within the terms of their agreements
and to check profiteering. House
wives and wage earners over the en-
tire country are being organized for
house to house and store to store can-
vasses to insure against infractions of
codes and to prevail on buyers to pat.
ronize only blue eagle businesses,
Miss Mary Hughes, director of the
women's section of the emergency re-
employment campaign, announced com.
pletion of an organization in 48 states
to carry on the educational and “police.
ing” work. Violators of codes and
agreements are threatened with publl
cation of their names.
Deputy Administrator A. D. White
gide, in charge of the retail store tem.
porary code, sald he had received re
ports from many parts of the country
that retall stores are entering agree
ments to shorter hours of operation
go they not have to hire addi
tional workers, The enforced creation
of more jobs is the major objective of
the campaign.
In numerous cases stores also are
“staggering” their employees to avoid
an increase of their forces, Whiteside
sald. He sent a sharp warning to
the Indiana Retail Grocers’ association,
which was Intended as an admonition
to retailers generally and which was
immediately effective.
Among the many codes offered was
one for the dally and Sunday news
papers.
Justifiable expectation
will
RIZONA became the twenty-first
state to ratify the prohibition re
peal amendment, the wets winnin~ by
a majority of more than 8 to 1. Their
victory was unexpectedly complete, al
though the drys had failed to muster
enough votes to place delegates on the
ballot,
Mrs. Isabella Greenway, national
Democratic committeewoman and a
personal friend of President and Mrs,
Roosevelt, easily captured the Demo
eratic nomination to fill the congres
sional post vacated by Lewis Douglas
when he was named director of the
federal budget. The victory Insured
her election becanse of the absence of
Republican opposition.
RESIDENT ROOSEVELT by his
appeal to both sides and Hugh
Johnson by vigorous argument and
threat brought the big bituminous
coal strike In Pennsylvania to an end,
Their efforts were ably seconded by
Edward F, McGrady, the NRA labor
representatiye In the controversy, At
first many of the workers were In-
clined not to obey the order of the
union chiefs to return to the mines,
but when Mr. McGrady arrived at Un-
fontown by plane and told the men:
“I am acting for the President of the
United States and asking you to go
back to work,” they cheered him,
picked up their lamps and got back
to the pits. The trouble was mainly
concerning by the opera-
tors of the organized un.
fons,
Under terms of the truce reached in
Washington the miners are to lay
their problems before a board appoint-
ed by the President, pending aceept-
ance of the coal code, Miners are to
employ their own checkwelzghmen to
calculate the amount of coal produced,
upon which their pay depends,
recoznition
nationally
HINA'S last faint chance to re
cover Manchuria and Jehol from
Japan probably has disappeared, for
Gen. Feng Yu-hsiang, the independent
commander who had
been leading the fight
against Japanese ag
gression, has given up
and signed a
pact with the national
government, Under
the agreement he ab
dicates all titles,
turns over the com.
mand of his troops to
the national
ment and
political obs
Sung Cheh
peace
Feng
Yu-hsiang
Gen,
governor of Chaha
Feng's most recent
the governmer
rganized
Feng has been one of moder:
hina's most romantic figus !
sistent opposition worried Jap
His i
lack
a little
tributed to ¢
capitniation is
of fands and
as mutiny nd 4
ig his own men. sald at
numbered 20.000
Japanese threats to boy
and the
overnment
have
vastly superic
oh
forces
wnized authorities on
and finance ha
rence with the Pres
r White House in Hyde
. Jan
rts for the
sig
ident
hey were es War
+» fiscal exp
London
War
at the
university an
. Rogers of
TI two pr
I
President a report on the studies they
Yale university,
fessors brought to the
have been condpeting for him,
particularly
adopting a dollar
geared to the commodity price ir
rising and falling in value with
values of wholesale commodities
Tre bold French aviators, Maurice
Rossi and Paul Codos, get 8 new
record for non-stop flight and are due
to receive a lion francs from the
French gover
New York, they
to Rayak, Syria, about
¥1 5)
ther than the
previous recor
intended to go to Bagdad but
make it. Rossi
ie record would be accepted at 9.300
iiometers
said he
B wan th
(5,770.3 miles),
actually
although
hey more than 10,000
kilometers (6.210 miles) at an average
speed of 166 Kilometers (82.28 miles)
an hour
General
flew
Balbo and his Italian sen
reached the Azores, some
of the planes coming down at Ponta
Delgada and the others at Horta. Aft.
er na night of festivity and rest the
big planes took off for home via Lis.
bon; but one of them, commanded by
Captain Ranieri, upset and was left
behind, Lieutenant Squaglia was
killed. Ranieri was injured, and the
others of the crew suffered from
shock and bruises
ane fleet
plar
UR government Is getting out of
the shipping business as fast as
possible. Under an executive order
from the President the shipping board
is now abolished, and the merchant
fleet corporation and its remaining 38
ships and 1.000 employees are trans.
ferred to the Department of Commerce
for direction. Secretary Roper's de.
partment intends to carry on the pol
icy of winding up commercial mari
time activities,
dreds of employees
duced both personnel and ships.
workers as it needs. Many will be ab.
sorbed temporarily by
ment, officials expecting the force to
be decreased gradually as the fleet
corporation’s affairs are closed up,
IOLENCE In the New York state
milk strike Increased dally and
Gov. Herbert Lehman, though relue
tant to call out the National Guard,
consulted with its commander and
prepared to take that extreme step
if it were deemed necessary. ‘The
state police, acting as guards for
milk trucks, were in conflict with the
strikers in many localities, using hul
lets and tear gas against the armed
farmers, Most of the cities and towns
obtained plenty of milk,
©. 1923, Western Newspaper Union,
14)
ei uly
A aa
tt
12
1
Washington.—No one can watch
Washington these days and not be
amared at the tre-
Great Drive mendous driving
for Recovery force that is being
put behind the sev.
eral schemes to awaken the nation and
get business going again, It is as
though the war engines of a powerful
foreign enemy were pounding at the
fortifications marking the threshold of
our country which, Indeed, is true, ex-
cept that the enemy, depression, is
and has been among us through almost
four years. I think I ean say without
fear of successful contradiction that
governmental activity is as feverish,
as wildly unsystematie, If you please,
as any we observed during the trying
days of the great World war. Though
it is along different lines, the activity
is none the less as direct and as posi
tive, and In some respects as militaris-
tie.
In such an analogy as this, it should
be stated that the federal forces are
now being subjected to more severe
influence throughout the land than
they faced during the preparation for
and the World
Then, there was a physieal fear which
could be held up before the people as
united That
be
gover:
prosecution of war.
a reason for
threat
its absence
cannot
the
“1711
emg
to overcome the inns
ih was necess
ird at
the
ary
the
currer
to strike
business
the picture
tn rain He =
gain some §
the
of these da
rive, and
8 becomes
If the oblections
are hesitant about si
a
!
heard, others who had wanted to cor
mus
parent.
form get suspicious about the eon
sions they hs begin
shy away.
herefore,
ment one fine f weary-eve
near ex
ours of lalx
agricultural
tion
are wi
exe
fices
“utives the!
any rom sun-u inti] long
the following ht 3
“ft hot
after Wheth
dy convinced of the
the various plans and pro
ams, or whether you just hope they
be
may successful, your admiration
tainly Is warranted,
President na
Saves the Day '*"" “as
tion of the
presented in the Pennsylvania
greater or leas
the
wre
ang:
ex.
soln
3
strike
{#4 $m
situation.
That was not an ordinary
strike, portents were nationwide
It involved questions the answers to
which meant the making or the break.
ing of the basic recovery principles.
In the first instance, the most
erful corporate unit In the world
United Steel corporation
the government's adversary.
government's
the
to reconcile
States was
I say the
adversary because unless
administration was able
the differences between
the corporation and the union workers,
the program of blanket codes and
group codes and everything else was
imperiled. Gen. Hugh 8. Johnson. re
covery administrator, could not get the
warring groups together. He was
ready to throw up the sponge, jut
he had one more trick in the bag and
that was to call for help from the
President of the United States. Some
how, that trick worked. Whether the
merits of the case were with the cor
poration or whether they were with
the government, the power of the gov-
ernment was and had to be supreme
in the emergency.
While observers here are not In
clined to defend the steel corporation
fully for taking the position it did, it
can be said with equal force that most
of them believe there was real danger
of infringement of private property
rights, In this sense, therefore, the
corporation was within its rights In
resisting. When it yielded, it appears,
it yielded not to the labor unions
which had stirred up the trouble, but
to the sovereignty of government.
The basic controversy involved in
the steel corporation case was the
question of so«alled company unions
Labor leaders, the professionals, nat.
urally want to have all workers in the
national organizations, CGtherwise, the
strike as a weapon is ineffective. Be
ing quick to see a vulnerable spot, la-
bor took advantage of the situation to
lick the steel corporation which here.
tofore has permitted its employees to
belong only to company unions. In
other words, It has been an open shop.
In view of these facts, it seems to me
that organized labor is as much en.
titled to criticism In the circumstance
as Is the greatest corporation in the
world. Organized labor has been
wielding too much influence in the re
covery organization according to the
recovery
- -
consensus here, and its insistence on
advantages promises further difficul-
ties,
* * »
The Department of Agriculture has
set for itself the biz job of establish-
ing fair prices for
To Check the consumer while
Profiteering giving what is tan-
tamount to a guar-
antee of higher prices for the things
the farmer produces. Through a se-
ries of statements, Secretary Wallace
has aflirmed that the re-
turns to the farmers must be increased
in every direction. Simultaneously,
Dr. Fred C, Howe, who as the consum-
ers’ counsel represents the side of the
buyers in the government's agricul-
tural set-up, the announcement
that he was going to compile weekly
lists of for publication as a
means of protecting against the profi-
teer.
From t} arrangement it would be
made to appear that thers will have to
be reasonable prices maintained every-
on oiditiek, But
servers here have been picking op nu-
merous ! situation which
they ents of tron-
be
repeatedly
made
prices
where food ecomu ob-
belley @ on
ble. Doctor course, will
at whatever
T
i
garded
accor 2
Washing
Howe
reasonable
the situat]
In the course
iween Lhe recovery nnistrators
industrial
I's a Tough atives,
Problem Ff!
fair basis for
represent.
one of the
problems wns
competition when
ferent factories had such widely d
ferent costs of production. The hb
ly efficient plant conld produce
much lower cost, chviously,
was obsolete
ped
gitus
respect to retailers
great buying power and the
advantage of lower prices are
iy going to b at a lower
rice than the independent st«
who buys in small
higher overhead
eritical-minded, if Doctor
as a falr price that for whi
store Is able to
what Is going to happen to
pendents? If, on the oihes
price level gqnoted by Doctor
the charged bs
independent, then the chain store
and will got all of
business. It make
figures in advertising the fact that the
chain store prices are “below the gov-
ernment price.” Manifestly, that will
be unfair to the independent. But. I
am prompted to ask, what can Doctor
Howe do it?
In announcing his program to estab-
lish fair prices, Doctor Howe sald
there were consumers’ ‘councils being
organized in scores of cities and towns.
These, he averred, would help in see
ing that no merchant profitecred.
There can be no doubt of the fact that
these consumers’ will exert
a tremendous influence. Old-timers
here, however, recalled that the fight
against profiteering durinz ‘he World
war developed many nasty situations.
Overzealous Individuals, conscientious
in thelr efforts, but sometimes a bit
shy of horse sense, made a personal
matter out of such things as patriotic
action,
¢ able to sell
re OwWn-
and
say
Howe
quantities
costs, Now,
fixes
chain sell
owe ap-
proximates price the
can
undoubtedly the
will use of those
about
councils
Prof. Raymond Moley has been de
tached as assistant secretary of state
to have charge of the federal govern-
ment's campaign against crime, espe
cially kKidnaping and racketeering. It
was the first break In the “brain
trust,” that group of professors with
whom the President surrounded him
self. Some weeks ago 1 wrote in these
columns the prediction that such a re
sult had to come. It was obvious.
The professor and his theories can be
used by the statesmen and practical
men only so far. Professor Moley
was of no use to Secretary Hull in the
Department of State after his adven-
tures In connection with the London
economic conference and the unfavor.
able publicity that the professor
caused. In assicting Professor Moley
to the Job of banishing crime, the
President said later he would put him
back as assistant secretary of state,
© 1933, Western Newspaper Union,
ROADSIDE
MARKETING
By T. J. Delohery
WHY PEOPLE BUY AT
ROADSIDE MARKETS
| HILE fruits, vegetables, poultry
and dairy products are the main
things sold over roadside marke is, con
sumers will also buy fruit julces, jams,
| Jellies, preserves, canned
popcorn, honey and such
things as baskets, flowers
pottery and craft products
These facts are revealed by the ex-
perience of thousands of producers,
but more specifically In a question
nalre which the Massachusett
department of agriculture sent out to
2,000 pecple representing a
tion of urban population. A survey of
1,700 markets along 2,800 miles of first,
second and third-class
brought out the same facts,
The Massachusetts questionnaire was
the groundwork for a which
the state planned to give farmers who
wanted to sell farm,
home and garden con-
sumer. It
that
yearly, has
ROOGE, nuts,
unrelated
¥hrubbery
8 state
Cross Bec
rogds Ohlo
products o
direct to the
was found, In the replies,
roadside marketing, «<xpanding
a promising future.
More than 60 per cent of
replies
that cit
roadside
2.000
lared
regarded
atisfactory
the
questionnaire dec
folks
places to buy
and poultry
flowers, jams,
An Inviting Display.
more for
and not
Ik was produced in the vi-
ply consumers
nts a dozen
fresh eges:
¥y to sug
Reviewing the compilation of the an-
the the
nnaire, it was
le markets offer the
various sections of
i ros Ki
the opportunity to get a bigger
re of the consumer's food dollar, if
lucers will only make a iiitle effort
gp it. Not all of the consumers
ho answered the questionnaire are
steady patrons of highway markets,
but more than 50 per cent declared a
for buying thelr fruits,
vegetables and poultry products from
the grower.
preference
Here again freshness was the reason
assigned. This feeling was also car
ried out in opposition to buying or-
anges, lemons, grapefruit, bananas and
such other tropical fruits at road-
side markets, True, farmers do handle
fruits which they do not produce, this
practice originating with their acguir
ing better knowledge of merchandis-
ing, and knowing customers like to do
as much shopping as possible in one
place; but few handle citrus fruits.
In every survey made, freshness
stands out. In Ohio, where consumers
spend 25 per cent of their fruit, vege.
table and poultry dollar at roadside
markets, freshness was given as the
big reason why they went into the
country for these products,
While the mention of freshness was
general, it is rather significant in view
of conditions that less than 10 per cent
of the consumers in both states were
interested in price or the possibility of
saving money by buying direct from
the producer.
Another Indication that freshness
and quality are the dominating factors
in products to be sold at the roadside
market is the time of day when most
sales are made,
Convenience is mentioned because
consumers gave it as one «f the rea-
sons they patronized these markets, it
sary buriness requirement--service.
Roadside marketing Is still on the
increase, despite general conditions.
Business is good even though there
may be less cars on the road. Indi-
vidual purchases indicate this; investi-
gations by college authorities and the
records of individual farmers showing
they range In average from 50 to 78
cents, ixpense of operating has
shown a corresponding decrease, la-
bor, one of the biggest items, being
considerably lower where hired help
is necessary. The cost of other ne
consities such as packages ond adver.
tising vary with the volume of busi.
©. 1943, Western Newspaper Union.
\ 3