UR anti-trust laws, that have been held responsible for many of Industry's woes In recent times, would be relaxed and ruinous compe- titton and reckless price slashing elim- inated under the pro- visions of a new bill that was laid before President Roosevelt for his approval. This measure, entitled the “National Recovery Act,” was drawn up by a committee of congressional and in- dustrial leaders head- Sen. Wagner ed by Senator Wagner of New York. Some members of the so-called “brain trust” also had a part in its formulation. The bill provides for full govern- ment control of industries through a federal board that would closely re- semble the war industries board of 1018. As summarized by one Wash- ington correspondent, it proposes to set aside the anti-trust laws, the fed- eral trade commission act, and the Clayton act; empowers the national board to designate any industry as one affected with a public interest; permits price fixing directly and wage regulation Indirectly under govern- ment supervision, and provides for the self-organization of Industry through trade associations, The major features of this bill hgve been approved by the National Afso- clation of Manufacturers and by Pres- ident H. I. Harriman and other offi- cers of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States. It was said that if Mr. Roosevelt liked It, the measure might be offered to congress as a sub- stitute for Secretary of Labor Perkins’ bill establishing the 30-hour week and bureaucratic control over production and wage scales of Industry. Or It might be combined with the Perkins bill, which was meeting with such de- cided opposition In the house of rep- resentatives that the administration leaders seemed ready to abandon hope of its passage during this session This Industry bill sets up a board consisting of seven members headed by the secretaries of commeree and labor. The others are to be spokes. men for commerce, finance, labor, ag- ricuiture, and the public, The plan sanctions the formation of industrial and trade associations which shall work with the national board to correlate production with demand, establish prices of commodities at fair levels, and stabilize markets. WV BLE the National Recovery act was still under consideration in the White House, the President in a brief message to congress asked imme- diate passage of a bill which he hopes will rescue the railroads from thelr desperate situation, Jt provides for a federal dictatdrship under a “co-ordl- nator of transportation” whose func- tion it would be to eliminate duplica- tion of services and wasteful methods of operation and to bring about finan- cial reorganizations. This authority is asked for one year, though provision is made for extension of the period by the President. The President also recommended placing railway holding companies un- der the jurisdiction of the Interstate commerce commission, repeal of the recapture clause of the transportation act whereby half of excess earnings go to the government, liberalizing the basis of rate making and modifying valuation requirements, During the period of emergency control the rail- roads would be immune from prosecu- tion for violation of the anti-trust laws, Plans were laid to hurry the meas. ure through congress, and there seemed to be little opposition among either Republicans or Democrats. M*® ROOSEVELT, addressing the Chamber of Commerce of the United States at its annual dinner, sought to dissipate the fears of busi- ness men that he was trying to bring about a bureaucratic control of Indus. try, Intimating that this would not come about If Industry granted three requests which he set forth. These were that wages should go no lower and should rise just as fast as indus try improves; that business should help the government to end cut-throat competition and unfair practices, and _ that leaders should work for national recovery, not for the selfish gain of a single Industry or trade, HOUGH the house accepted the inflation rider to the farm bill it did not agree to the senate’'s amend ment authorizing the secretary of ag- riculture to set arbitrary prices for basic agricultural commodities and penalize sales below such prices, ands tinal enactment of the measure wis thus delayed. This difference of opin. fon also led the farmers’ convention in Des Moines to order un farm holiday beginning May 13, the producers being i instructed to keep thelr products off the market during the period of the strike in order to starve the nation into complying with thelr Eggs, vegcinbles and milk are inclod ed with the other farm products. This action was taken by some 1,5 delegates from twenty-one states. Ob- servers sald they represented only about 1 per cent of the farmer strength in their respective states and predicted the strike would be ineffective, The convention adopted resolutions of sympathy with the farmers of two counties in Jowa which are under mar- tinal law because of the disgraceful mobbing of Judge C. OC Bradley at Le Mars, Many of the mob leaders were under arrest and the state troops were used to gather evidence, although the cases were to be tried In elvil court, " HILE continuing his economic conversations with representa. tives of other nations, the President found time to consider the selection of American delegates | > to the world confer- ence that opens June 12 in London, He con- sulted with Assistant Secretary of State Raymond Moley, who will be one of the del- egates, and also was visited by Henry Mor- genthau, Sr, former ambassador to Tur. key, and James M. Cox of Oblo, Demo- eratic Presidential candidate In 1020. Both those gentle men, it was understood, were to go to London; and Mr. Morgenthau also was chosem to represent the United States at the international wheat con ference in Geneva. To the organization committee for the London conference Normas HH. Davis, special American envoy, pro- posed that the nations should enter into an agreement for a world-wide tariff truce pending the outcome of the parley. Putting this on the agenda was left op to Prime Minister Mac- Donald, ‘who returned home to con- front a difficult situation. While he was talking international trade agreements with Mr. Roosevelt, the British board of trade under President Walter Runciipan was promoting bliateral trade understandings with many gov- ernments, Henry Mor. genthau, Sr. R. ROOSEVELT had a round of i conversations with Latin-Ameri- can diplomats, starting with Thomas Le Breton of Argentina who was ac companied to the White House by Am- bassador Espll. Doctor Le Breton and his corps of experts also met with Secretary of Agriculture Wal. lace and other government officials to world surpluses of wheat. Guido Jung. Italy's finance minister, arrived In Washington and at once be gan talks with President Roosevelt and his advisers concerning the pure ly economic and monetary phases of the current questions: and Augusto Rosso, Itallan ambassador, handled for his government the discussion of disarmament and political matters. OVING along somewhat similar lines to those of the Roosevelt administration, Chancellor Adolf Hit. ler was going a swifter pace than any op of his fellow dicta £0 tors ever held. Imme- diately after a May d a ¥y announcement that he would draft the youth of Germany Into a labor army, re- gardless of wealth and position, he pro ceeded to destroy the free trade unions of TT the nation. The Nazi storm troops were Adolf Hitler sent Into every city and town to seize the union premises and the labor banks. - All the impor. tant union leaders were put under ar. rest. “This clears the path for the new National Socialist state in which labor will form a part of society, divided and grouped according to professions,” sald Dr. Robert Ley, Nazl president of the states’ council, who directed the raids. “Guitds like those of the Middle ages will be formed.” Hitler's next move, with only a day's interval, was to assume control of the Central Association of German Banks and Banking Industry, reorganize the board of directors, appoint a Nazi linison official and take steps for a general reduction in Interest rates, There was no let up In the Nazi campaign against the Jews, Bernhard Rust, the Prussian minister of educa. tion, dismissed twenty-one professors from Berlin university and nine from Cologne university. Among them were some of the foremost scholars and NCLE SAM is now authorized to #o into the power business, for the senate by a vote of 63 to 20 passed and operation of the Muscle Shoals project. The house had passed an al little adjusting to be bill was sent to nature, RESIDENT ROOSEVELT has se- lected Sam G, Bratton of New Mex- Ico for a federal judgeship In the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which embraces New Mexico, Colorado, Okla. homa, Kansas, Wyoming and Utah, Bratton accepted but will not resign from the senate until the special ses- slon ends, W. A. Julian of Ohlo hae accepted the post of treasurer of the United States, and Dean G. Acheson of Con- necticut is to be undersecretary of the treasury. PENING date for Chicago's Cen- tury of Progress exposition was advanced to May 27 to accommodate President Roosevelt, who promised to be on hand to take principal part In the ceremonies. On the same day he will officiate at the formal opening of the Great-Lakes-to-the-Gulf waterway, the ceremony to be held at the mouth of the Chicago river, Or GREAT Import in the Sino-Jap- anese quarrel Is the news that Soviet Russia has resumed full diplo- matic relations with the Chinese Na- tionalist government. Dimitri Bogo- moloff, the new ambassador from Mos cow, presented his credentinls at Nan king. Immediately thie Chinese press began a vigorous campalgn looking to- fol 1805 ernment similar to the one that lowed the war with Japan in y when China virtually ceded Liasotung peninsula, part of Manchuria, to tus sin In return for assistance against Japan, The Chinese new suggest that China grant the Soviets important privileges to provide an outlet time exclude Japanese products. exchange it Is hoped that Russia tion with the Manchukuo conflict. ERMANY has proposed to the dis. armament conference in Geneva, through her representative, Count Ilu- dolf Nadolny, that the arms plan offered by the British a be altered to provide a maximum caliber of 105 millimeters for mobile guns and to entirely abolish tanks, Nadolny contended that if these proposals were rejected, Ger many should be al lowed to have all land, naval and alr arma. ments that other na tions deemed neces sary for their adequate defense, “The German government has suffi clently proved its good will,” he said “We have accepted In principle the period of transition for the practical realization of full equality rights for Germany. Count Nadolny of disarmament to proceed with her own rearmament at the highest pos sible level. The contrary Is the case” Count Nadolny won a victory when include In the armed strength of Ger many the 00000 Nazi storm The decision was reached by of T to 4. OARDERSE of gold In large num bers have defied the treasury, re fused to turn in their stores of the yel low metal in exchange for other cur rency, and challenged the authority of punish them for their stand. Among of gold in safety deposit boxes are many foreigners, both resident and nonresident. All requests for licenses to export this gold dre refused by the treasury, unless it Is earmarked for foreign governments, central banks or the Bank of International Settlements, In addition to the foreign gold own. ers there are many domestic holders of gold with large amounts In safety deposit vaults, Some are known to the treasury and were sald to have several million dollars In gold coin According to the information, they de. clined to surrender the gold op the ad vice of attorneys, who plann®] to test the law in the courts Indications pointed to a test case within a short time. The Department of Justice probably will arrange to ex. pedite the case so that a prompt de. cision may be obtained from the Su preme court. NE more head of a Latin-Ameri- can government has fallen at the hand of an assassin, Luis M. Sancho Cerro, President of Peru, was shot to death by Abelardo de Mendoza, a mem- ber of the Aprista, opposition party, just after reviewing 20,000 conscripts in training for the war with Colombia, Mendoza was slain by the Presidential guarde. The Peruvian congress named Gen. Oscar Benevides as {emporary president, SSUMING the correctness of mea: ger dispatches from Cuba, a real rebellion against the Machado regime has broken out with the landing of two expeditions near the eastern end of the island, The government elalmed to be having an easy time suppressing the outbreak, but the fighting contin: ued. Some of Machade's opponents more than intimated that the revolt was a “set up” engineered by the resident himself. {JED States District Judge George A. Carpenter of Chicago effective June 80, saying that he “feels the ravages of time” and at his age, which Is sixty-six, Is disinclined to carry out the dally routine of judicial work. “Judge Carpenter has been on ©. 1933, Weaters Newspaper Union. al eet — ae Washingtop.—~In all of the hustle and bustle of getting things done In this crisis, it seems Reversal of to me that one of the greatest trans- Powers formations of all time has taken place, I refer to the reversal of powers that are exercised by congress and the Chief Executive. Actually, in the period of a little over two months, or since Franklin D. Roosevelt became President, congress has abdicated much power in favor of the President and the President, In turn, has given to congress a veto power which it never has had before. It will be recalled that the Consti- tution prescribes the limits of author- fty of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of our government Congress was supposed to be the check on the executive powers just as the be the check on acts of the national legisla ture, ‘The courts, or the Bupreme court of the United States, were given The circumstances of it all are so im- portant and the procedure so unique that a review of the period probably is necessary to set out the picture Further, there is no doubt in the minds of many authorities and many which have happened are going to af- in ways of which we do not From the perspective of the made to appear that and present, it is congress has Roosevelt as fact that over to President Chronologically, events have trans pired something in this order: The President took office as the banking structure of the nation was crumbling. He act Epochal ed without delay, Events and then asked con- gress to support his Congress had no choice. It the emergency banking bill through in record time. -That legisla. tion would have taken years otherwise to have been enacted. But congress was reared! Next came the authority for reor- ganization of the government. It was through quickly because every- congress wanied to save Also, most members of congress saw 8 nice CEBATY. body In They did not fancy cutting covernment salaries, either. So they hundred millions a year In what he believed to be unwarranted payments to veterans and one-fourth as much It was in this legislation as well as its control. The statement can fairly be made that the It sald structure of the government which he He was to do it by executive order and If congress had wot acted affirmatively io a prescribed time, the executive order stood as law, To those unacquainted with the pro- cedure, the reversal of practice may not be so apparent. But after con gress had delegated that authority to only by a two-thirds vote. That Is difficult to obtain except in an emer. gency. » . » for an Illustration, that is dissatisfied with some move made by the Veto Power President in connec tion with reorgani- of Congress zation and It passes a resolution setting aside that par ticular executive order. Mere passage of the resolution does not make it the law of the land, for there Is yet the pignature of the President to be ob- tained. If the President chose ta veto the resolution, the congress them to make its will effective must repass that resolution by a majority of two thirds. It thus exercises veto power, something hitherto unknown. Now, as to the banking act: the Pres fdent was given broad discretionary power to reconstruct the banking sys True, it wag an emergency, a But that legislation went so as to permit the Chief Executive take over and operate the federal banks. By that means, it Is a stretch of imagination t actually can control the com mercial banks of the country. The tie between the federal reserve hanke privately owned commercial #0 close that control of the hundreds of avenues by other may be reached. | can withdraw that power repealing the legislation. Jt ¥ Assume, congress by Cr HTL LER — - supreme in that field. Yet, In order to repeal the law, the repealer must be signed by the President, * . . Along came the farm bill to which was added the inflation amendment presented by Senator Thomas of Ok- lahoma., No more dictatorial power ever was sccorded the bead of any government, except the absolute mon- archy, than is given to the President of our country, In the farm bill it- self there is power to control crop production, a pswer to restrict acre- age, If the Chief Executive wants to go that far. In the Thomas inflation amendment, the authority is given the Chief Execu- tive to change the value of your money and mine, at whatever time he sees fit He ean make the gold dollar worth half what it was heretofore; he ean use silver to an extent deems necessary, and he appears to have been given power to arrange treaties on monetary standards with. out even consulting again with the congress. It had always been sup- posed that the Constitution required the advice and consent of the senate on treaties, but the authority now ap- parently rests in the hands of the Chief Executive alone. Between the banking legislation and the farm bill, with its inflation sec- tion, congress voted the President the right to organize 8 new “army” of up- wards of 250.000 men, The reforesta- tion bill that became law called for the mobilization of a “citizen's con- servation corps,” a legitimate peace time organization for the purpose of re-establishing a source of timber sup- ply. Mr. Roosevelt was given wide discretion as to how that corps would be recruited, trained and vsed, It is a matter clear out of the hands of CONETess, Others are yet to come, now shaping up. become monarch through the federal which the legislation provides » -. - of the rail systems in Washington powers President respecting which the has been gion Powers in the con in better speaking, clusion Is that they are hands than if congress under the strated that he knows what he wants, and most members of congress are afraid to deny requests which he makes, Take the inflation amendment for example. Mr. saw a tidal wave of ment In congress. It was there. So in order to maintain control, he placed himself at the head of the Inflation parade. It Is unthinkable that he will ever use &11 of the various powers given him in the inflation amendment, for he knows that the remedy would be worse than the disease they seek to cure in most instances. But by the simple expedient of inviting the Infla- tionists to dump all of their remedies into one basket and to give him dis- cretionary power to use them as he desires, he continued to command the forces, 1 have heard It suggested fre- quently that many of the inflationists do not realize yet how they let the thing get away from them, And it did get away. Having made the means avaliable once, there are not 80 many senators and representa- tives who will vote to make it manda- tory now, If they did, the President could veto the bills and there seems little chance of enough voles to pass that sort of thing over the veto of the Chief Executive. . & » Observers here used to think that Calvin Coolidge kept the politicians in congress “up in the Keeps Them air” by the manner : in which he out Guessing Ted: er ae Judgment now 1s ihat Roosevelt has improved on the Coolidge plan to the point where his plans take on ele ments of mystery. The action in the case of the inflation ghost is typical. It was wholly unexpected. He keeps things to himself until his mind is made up. Then, without further ado a brief message goes to congress and the thing is done. The method has proved immensely practical as well as effective. Whether the results are right or wrong is not within the realm of my discussion. Senator Robinson, of Arkansas, the Democratic leader in the senate, con tinues to have his troubles in keeping Senator Huey Jong, of Louisiana, on the party reservation. Senator Long, the self-styled Kingfish, just won't stand hitched. Consequently, clashes between Robinson and the kingfish are frequent since the Democratic leader is equipped with a vicious tongue and more than the average amount of cour age. The kingfish does more talking than any other senator. It irks Robinson to see his plans upset as the kingfish frequently upsets them by his long, rambling speeches into which he sprin- ©. 1583, Western Newspaper Unto. Howe About: Stillman and Morgan Favoritism Materialism a Virtue By ED HOWE OME men have po little woman sense they should have an adminis trator appointed to direct thelr love affairs, A conspicuous example Is Jim Sti] man of New York. Apparently a rea- sonably fair, active and Intelligent fel- low In his other activities, he has long been a sad idiot fn associating with women ; apparently he never so much as bowed to ohe who 4id not make him “enormous trouble, Falling helr to a fortune from a careful father was an active curse to him: years his had through the courts and and always the evidence indica Stillman was more of a gentleman than those who have treated him so foully were ladies. In the ample of foul notoriety appealed to the court for help for Still- man, pointing out that the case for the complainant was so palpably blackmail that her lawyer should be di for many dra newspapers tes that name been gged Intest ex- his attorney sharred A few men are capable in thelr affairs, but such cases are so rare a book has recently been written to cel- ebrate the case of the elder J. P. Mor- gan. He was an enormous lover able to handle the details so well that no woman ever made him serious trou. ble. He treated them well and paid them well, and most of them seem to have actually loved him. Even gossips respected his unusual skill and did not talk about him = tenth as much as they talk sbout poor Jim Stillman. Being weak myself I do know how Morgan ever did it, but con- fess | found great interest in the re cent book “Morgan the Mag nificent.” love but the net 0 called * * . We hear much complaint from the defeated of Favoritism, My observation has been thst fa- voritism Is exercised to the advantage { of the most reliable and worthy. i When & good job is to be given out, { no employer Is fool enough to pay a | salary to a drunkard or slouch If a | sober and efficient worker is to be had. | Good, steady workers are the favor. | {tes of men as well as of the gods, i ® ® ® { Boys interest me. 1 read that lately two ships were becaimed fifteen miles apart in the loneliest part {| of the loneliest of the oceans: in mak- ing the passage Cape Horn | The crew of one was composed of ! German boys of good families; their was seventeen, and one Germans believe In giv- ing boys practical experience early ! When there had been no wind for a jong time, eight of the crew asked the off to always around | average age was a baron; { captain for permission to row the other ship. The captain sald they were crazy, as boys nearly always are, but finally gave them use of the yawl Starting at two in the afternoon, they returned at two morn- | ing, after eating supper on board the ! gtranger. The sporty waited up for them, burned flares after night- { fall to direct them, and sat up | hours listening to their chatter of the , trip. The captain was noted as the most capable man in the sailing service, and in the book there ix not a word about his cruelty. Most sea books make much of the brutality of the captain; 1 liked this story because of the decent captain, and 1 believe most of them are decent. I never care for exaggerated stories of cruelty, filth or adventure. » * * We all agree Science has made the modern world great. Sclence is edu: cation taking advantage of experience. Honesty is the religion of men of this trade. Their first question in every- thing is, Is it true? If the truth Is harsh they look for an antidote. Their first ambition is to get out of life the best there Is in It. Not one of the first class men of science has ever taught dreams, omens, predictions. When one of them, Sir Oliver Lodge, began holding seances in old age, he was promptly tagged as a motorist Is tagged by policemen for parking wrong. When we finally reach the age of reason we will depend on the scien- tists for guldance. Who told us about the great wonders of nature, and dem- onstrated them? The scientists Who predicted the end of the world dally and hourly for centuries, and missed it every time? The prophets and dreamers, Who was it killed a thousand men every day of his active life? A gen- eral and politician called Napoleon. Who enabled us to sit quietly at home and hear music and messages from any part of the world? Again ‘the scientists, the men who believe in honesty, education, peace, politeness, progress, materialism, common sense, and everyone a hard worker. . 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers