PENN & Ly prove ETH Capt. George By ELMO SCOTT WATSON OT the interesting of all celebrations held during this, the Washington bi-centennial year, was the last month of =a stockaded fort in a mountain mead- ow near Unlontown, Pa., as a na- tional shrine to the Father of lis Country. For this “little fort, con- sisting only of a log cabin circled by a log stockade, Fort Necessity, where on July 3, 1704, Washington the military career was to among those of and where, as it, was fired the America which least the dedication was began place his name all time expressed George which the the captains of great famous Voltaire woods of “cannon shot in the Europe ablaze. The affair had in the clash between the Dritish and the French for the interior of North American continent. To make good her claim to the Mississippi and Ohio valleys and to check the westward of English settlement beyond the Alleghenies, the French had erected a fort at Presque Isle, now Erie, Pa.. had built Fort Le Boeuf on French and had also seized the British trading post of Venango. In 1753 Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia selected George Washington, then only twenty one years old, for the difficult task of demand- ing that the French cease their encroachments upon “British soil.” When Washington returned with the information that the French had no intention of giving up their forts, Dinwiddie decided upon more drastic action. Late in 1753 he sent a party of men under Captain Trent to build a fort at the Forks of the Ohio, where Pittsburgh now and to hold it against any attacks the French might make, Both North Carolina and the home govern- ment had promised aid to the expedition, but when no troops had arrived by the last day of March, 1754, Dinwiddie ordered Washington and his 300 Virginians to proceed to the Ohlo, “there to help Captain Trent build forts and to defend the possessions of his majesty against the attempts and hostilities of the French.” Meantime Trent's little company of 33 men bad commenced a stockade at the Forks. But in April, a force of French and Indians arrived on the scene and made them prisoners. They were promptly released and allowed to return home without harm. Washington, coming to their aid, met the returning fort builders at Will's Creek, near the present city of Cumber land, Md, By this time the French had extended Trent's work and pushed it to a rapid completion, eall- Ing their stronghold Fort Duquesne. Here had been gathered a considerable force of Canadians, French regulars and Indian allies, a detach- ment from which, led by Coulon de Jumon- ville, scouted Washington's advance. On May <8, at the head of a scouting party, Washington tumbled upon the small French scouting party. The Virginians Immediately fired upon the Prench. Ten were killed, one wounded and 21 taken prisoner, Among the French dead was Jumonville, The news of this encounter was carried to Fort Duquesne and its commander immediately sent out a force under Coulon de Villiers, a brother of Jumonville, to attack the English. Washington withdrew to Great Meadows, where he erected a fort. Although the place was unfit for defense, being surrounded on three sides by higher ground, which was heavi- ly forested and afforded good shelter from which the enemy could fire down upon the de fenders of the fort, Washington's force was so weakened by lack of ammunition and other sup- plies, that he considered It impracticable to retreat further, Hence the name of Fort Ne- cessity as Indicative of his desperate plight, A contemporary account of what followed has been discovered recently in the Charleston (8. C) public library In a copy of the South Carolina Gazette for August 22, 1754, which reads as follows: “Willlamsburg, Va., July 10.—On Wednesday Iast arrived in town, Col. George Washington and Capt. James Mackay, who gave the follow ing account to his honor the governor, of the late action between them and the French, at the Great Meadows in the western part of this dominion, “The third of this Instant July, about 9 o'clock, we received intelligence that the French, having been reinforced with 700 recruits, had left Monongahela and were in full march with 000 men to attack us, Upon this, as our num- bers were so unequal (our whole force not ex get all at Fort its origins Neg eSSity control of the the expansion creek Gov. stands, which / ceeding 300), we prepared for our defense in the best m i l inner LN we could, by throwing up a i gmal which we had not time entrenchment, to perfect before our sentinel gave notice, about 11 o'clock, of their approach, by firing his p which h# did, at the enemy and, as v irned afterward, killed thre which they fire at about 600 yards distance, but without effect: called all our men to th arms and In order before our trenches, but as upon this distant the enemy artifice to intimidate, or draw our fi we waited their nearer approach before turned their ve le their men, on began to upon we immediately eir drew up we looked fire of we salute, “They then advanced in a very irregular man- ner to another point of woods, about 60 yards off, and from thence made a second discharge: upon which, finding they had no attacking us in the open field, we retired our trenches and still reserved our fire, as we expected from their great superiority of num- bers that they would our trenches, but, finding they did not seem to in- tend this either, the colonel gave orders to fire, which with great and un- dauntedness, intention of into endeavor to force was done alacrity “We continued this unequal enemy behind the trees, ourselves without trenches full of water, In a settled rain, and the enemy galling us on all sides incessantly from the woods till 8 o'clock at night, the French called to parley. From the great improbability that such a vast- ly superior force and possessed of such an ad- vantage would offer a pariey first, we suspected a deceit and therefore refused to consent that they should come among us; on which they desired us to send an officer to them and en- gage their parole for his safety, We then sent Captain Van Braam and Mr. Peyronee to receive their proposals, which they did, and about mid night agreed that each should retire without molestation, they back to their fort at Monongahela, and we to Wills Creek: that we should march away with all the honors of war and with all our stores, effects and baggage. Accordingly, the next morning, with our drums beating and our colors flying, began our march In good order, with our stores. ete. in convoy; but we were interrupted by the arrival of a reinforcement of 100 Indians among the French, who were hardly restrained from ate acking us and did us considerable damage by piifering our baggage. ight, with an sheltered shelter, in when we gide we “We then proceeded, but soon found it neces. sary to leave our baggage and stores: the great gearcity of our provisions obliged us to use the utmost expedition, and having neither wag. ona nor horses to transport them. The enemy had deprived us of all our creatures, by killing, in the beginning of the engagement, our horses, cattle and every living thing they could, even to the very dogs. “The number of killed on our side was 30, and 70 wounded; among the former was Lieu tenant Mercier, of Captaln Mackay's independ- ent company, a gentleman of true military worth, and whose bravery would not permit him to re. tire, though dangerously wounded, till 1 second shot disabled him and a third put an end to his life, as he was being carried to the surgeon. Our men behaved with singular intrepedity, and we determined not to ask for quarter, but with our bayonets fixed to sell our lives ns dearly as possibly we could, From the numbers of the en emy, and our situation, we could not hope for victory, and from the character of those we had to encounter, we expected no mercy, but on terms that we positively resolved not to sub- mit to. The number killed and wounded of the enemy is uncertain” In the articles of capitulation, submitted by De Villiers which Washington signed, was one word which was to prove to be “diplomatic dy- namite” It referred to the prisoners taken by Washington “dans Vassassinat du Sieur de Ju. monville.,” The terms of eapitulation were trans lated to Dutch knowle lated that of Jun tion of was * Frer of Washington by Van Braam, a i% to have had only French langua “the kiiling™ or “dean le, whereas the French interpreta Immedintely th an Who seer n sketchy ige of the », He trans- PASEARE AK assassination ispute over the ngton had been French posts In 1753, and gsion In adm a “assassinated” this pea own he had As for Washington “in bad™ both at his unfortunate the English in a this flasco and fered led him finally to and it seemed that future great leader beginning. «ful most messenger deci and home in England be expedition had apparentls bad light, The result 5 other indignities which he i f i Ye ry resign his the military ended commission this its career of wae almost at However, his defeat did result in the resolu. tion of the British ministry to force matters to a crisis, so there came about the arrival of Gen. Edward Braddock in America to combined British and Colonial forces which were to eject the French from the The result of that “the si pes of Braddock™ It has been aptly called-is well known to be dwelt upon extensively, Even though it did result in disaster on banks of the Monongahela that July day a year later, it was Braddock who made Washington an aide decamp on his staff and who gave him his chance to win enduring fame while Braddock was winning only defeat and Not far from the reconstructed Fort Necessity is the place where Braddock was buried and a part of the dedication ceremonies held at Wash ington’s little fort last month was the visit of a military attache to the British ambassy in the National Capital to Braddock's grave, there to lay a wreath in honor of the general with whom history has dealt so harshly, But the reconstructed Fort Necessity is not the only post connected with the stirring events in those far-off times which the American of today can visit, Near Hagerstown, Md. is Fort Frederick which Is also In process of recon struction through the efforts of the Hagerstown Chamber of Commerce, and associated with it are the names of both Braddock and Washing ton. It was In Frederick Town, Md. that Wash. ington first met Braddock on May 2, 1755, and two days later arrived with him at Winchester, Va., whence they set out for Fert Cumber land (Wills Creek), Md, on the beginning of his disastrous expedition, After the defeat of Braddock the Indian raids along the frontier of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia became so alarming that Gov, Hor. atio Sharpe of Maryland asked the colonial legislature for an appropriation for a strong fort to be erected in the western part of Fred. erick county, which was eventually granted. Upon receiving the grant, according to the cor respondence of Governor Sharpe, “1 am prepar ing to set off for the frontier, to put province In the best provision of defense and that the bill will permit me and construct = strong fort and block houses for the protection the command Ohio valley expedition bloody foo the death Frederick, Colonel Washington pald me a visit and Informed me that he was also raising a strong fort at Winchester, We already have 200 men near and about Fort Frederick under Colonel John Dagworthy. We face the bastions and curtains with stone and shall mount on each bastion a six pounder. . . ." During the next two years, until the final capture of Fort Duquesne, Fort Frederick was an base for military supplies and a refuge for the inhabitants of that region when the red terror swept down upon them during the French and Indian war and again in 1763 when the conspiracy of Pontiac threatened to drive the hated English Into the sea. ‘The fort also played a part In the Revolution and the Ciel) war and now the people of Maryland hope to restore It and preserve it as a state shrine, (© by Westerns Newspaper Union.) | { | | to Plague Danger Foot-and-Mouth Disease Is Most Effectively Handled. Prepared by the United Btates Department of Agriculture. ~WNU Service, Effective control of the recent out- break of foot-and-mouth disease in southern California, with prospects that the plague probably has been eradicated, Is announced. The origi nal outbreak was diagnosed on April and the last infected herd was and buried May 7. Up to June 1 the inspection forces had found no other signs of foot-and. mouth disease either in the quaran- area or surrounding territory. All infected premises have been thor. oughly cleaned and disinfected and re Although many of the In- have now re turned to their regular official sta- tions, a sufficient force has been left in the quarantined area to handle any emergency that may arise, Veterinary officials remind live stock the outbreak disease and of the danger that It may appear unexpectedly and spread rap idly, disease in The seeming eradication of the however, sets a new record and Is noteworthy in com- parison former outbreaks, one 10 days, with The shortest previous time which elapsed between the diagnosis of the disease and the disposal of the last infected herd was 81 dafs, and “Stuff” Good Ones Cows don't know business cycles: anything about and so how can they understand, when thelr grain Is taken away on dry, short pastu expected to make and they are forced to get along €, that they are hn from this deficl iet as they did on R&R complete rat Even | owner's relief, because the cov hat can get along on grass isn't profitable to her owner in a year like 1032 i hat matter, it's always a men whose alone just Especially is this true COWS can lk they're capable of ng but be able to make ETHER, 300 year to return her own. le profit now, Liberal a complete ration pays with Cull the poor ol in eat that cows, feed the good ones better.—Na- Farm Journal, tional Lime Brought Back His Land Burl Johnson has proved that lime and legumes pay on county (Kan.) Mr. Johnson bought a run-down farm that would not grow aifaifa or clover and set about to im- prove it. He limed 13 acres four tons to the acre and spread on it 200 tons of manure Sweet clover was seeded In oats on this field and came on: s0 rank that the onts could not be harvested for grain. The clover and a 40-bushel oats crop put up hay. Mr. Johnson says it made good hay, too. Early the next spring 30 cows were turned the clover and left until May 24, when the field was plowed € inches deep and put to corn. The corn made 60 bushels an acre, the highest yield anyone could remember on that land. Only nine acres were required to fill a silo 12 by 40 feet, The field then was seeded to alfalfa and still is producing heavy yields lourbon soils, wore for into Barley’s Food Value In South Dakota experiments, where barley and corn were compared in feeding two-year-old steers and beef calves, it was found that the barley was not quite equal to corn for either class of animals. Similar results were found In comparing barley with corn for pig feeding. The average of the experiments with ground barley and a protein supplement fed te pigs on pas ture showed that barley had 86 per cont of the feeding value of corn, while for pigs in dry lot, it had 00 per Successful Farming. Make a Post Puller A good post puller ean be made of two by fours, bolted securely togeth- Brace the puller by nailing a crosspiece near the bottom of the two legs. To oper. ate this device, pass a chain around the post, place the puller up next to the post. pass the chain over the bletrees or other source of power. draw the post out of the ground. Emmet Winkie, Allamakee county, fowa, in Wallace's Farmer. New Boost for Baby Beef Baby beef often lacks marbling {mixing of fat with lean meat), which in aged eattle is associated with qual. ity. Experiments, however, show that this Jack of marbling may not be serions from the standpoint of the housewife, as the lean may absorb fat from the surrounding tissue dun ing cooking. This absorbed fat makes the meat juicer, adds to the flavor and food value of the lean and Is a partial substitute for marbling fat. Wallace's Farmer. Dry Bean Growers Plan Acreage Cut Largely Reduced Percentage to Be Planted. By L. BE. CRUICKSHANK, New York Col- lege of Agriculture. -—WNU Bervice, Dry bean growers intend to reduce acreage about 12 per cent In 1032 as compared to 1931, New York state's reduction Is about 8 per cent, or 10. 000 acres, and Michigan's intended cut is about 11 per cent, or 658000 acres, The heaviest cuts are planned in the great northern states, where Montans Idaho and Wyoming intend to plant 206 per cent, or G0,000 acres, less than in 1031. California plans to cut 11 per cent, Colorado 10, New Mexico, 8, and other that grow about 58.000 acres also plan a 3 per cent cut, With yields the yleld In the past ten years, a ere p 14 per cent than In 1031 would slates equal to Averaoo . these 1631. Take Precaution Now to Insure Against Cholera BEET gre not CHOICTR ket cond uses due to is to keep the idition by proper feeding i der Dip pray the pigs taining them un tary conditions. for lice and mn if they are » of these nests Pigs’ Black Teet} "oe * : nes ort Ty extension wa State college fio mg ’ fight each « 1 litter is large and ted. Or they may in- 2» tents of the sow or thelr own fighting them. ips with these } n 41% i hature an gare § seem inclined to do damage, the little black teeth should be cut off with a tweezers or clippers. u taken not to injure the gums After the teeth are cut off the mouth shoul be swabbed with + sharp pair of ’ Care should be 8 weak solution ne. Pulling is not advisable be this practice leaves an open the jaw. —SRuccessful Farm Controlling Worms No effective iting seed corn against either cut-worms or grub worms has yet been found. The control for grub-worms Is crop rota tion and avoiding plowing of sod In a “grub-worm year.” The most prac tical method of cut-worm control is use of moist poisened bait, broadcast over the Infested area at nightfall, The following mix- ture will treat three acres: Thorough ly mix twenty pounds of bran with one pound of paris green. Squeeze the juice of three oranges or lemons Into three and one-half gallons of wa- ter and chop the remaining pulp and peel into fine bits before adding to the mixture. Also dissolve two quarts of molasses in the liquid. Then thor oughly dampen the bran and poison with the liquid.—Wallace's Farmer, met he f tres a OF boot heat scattered evenly Agricultural Squibs Get after the flea beetles as soon as they are noticed. Bordeaux mixture and dust, nicotine and calcium arse. nate are useful, Those creatures work rapidly and soon make the leaves like aA sieve, * - - Clover may be cut for seed with an ordinary mower. One with a windrow or buncher attachment can be used to good advantage. Allow the clover to partially dry and then place it In very small cocks, - - . As many farmers as possible should provide their own clover seed this fall. Those who cannot will be assured of known seed if they will arrange with 2 neighbor where they can Inspect the crop while still in the field. . 0. One of the latest of orchard prac. tices Is thinning. Those who have tried It find that it raises the quality of the crop, .- » Cornell cost accounts in Niagara county show that the cost of growing apples, up to picking time, was 26 per cent more in dusted orchards than In sprayed orchards, - » . The United States exported 2,027. 520 barrels and 10854219 boxes of apples In 1081, The total was 1,180, 880 barrels 50 years ago,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers