HY to bring to an end the unoffi- cial war between Japan and China was the problem that was taken up again by the council of the League of Nations at its meet- ing in Paris. And, co- incidentally, there was the job of extricating the league from the unpleasant situation created by Japan's flat refusal to obey its orders, The distin- guished diplomats were aided In their task by Ambassador Dawes, who was In- structed to proceed from London to act as American observer. While the council discussed, debat. ed and conferred, the Japanese troops went right along with their program in Manchuria. Gen. Ma Chan-shan, commander of the Chinese army In Heilungkiang province, was ordered by General Honjo, Japanese com- mander, to withdraw his troops from Anganchi and Tsitsibar, the latter the capital of the province. Ma refused to obey and the Japanese opened a fierce attack with all arms, including bombing planes which dispersed the Chinese cavalry. In bitterly cold weather the battle raged for many hours and” the Chinese were finally forced out of both the cities named In this operation the Japanese troops advanced within the sphere of influ- ence of Soviet Russia for the first time, and as Moscow had warned them against doing this, it was be- lieved the result might be momen- tous. In this big battle along the Nonni river both sides were reported to have sustained heavy casualties, Anticipating a Russian protest, Japan notified Moscow that it held the Chinese Eastern responsible for the ho it had Ambassador Dawes transported Chinese troops. N PARIS General Dawes was much more than ndeed, he was and It was hoped that in his talks with Tsuneo Matsudaira, Japanese ambassador to London, a might be worked out. Dawes also had a long conversation with Dr. Alfred Sze, Chi- nese delegate, ¥ *h both of them said was most prof ‘here were ru- mors that the United States had come to the conclusion that Japan's conten- tions should be upheld, and the league officials worried. jut these stories were refuted by a statement from Secretary of State Stimson to the effect that the United States stood firmly on the question of treaties and had not thus far committed itself in any way. Dawes and the council were trying to gather the real facts in the controversy, and Japan was asked to state In detail just what she demand- ed from China, There was a report that Dawes and Sir John Simon, Brit- ish foreign minister, were contemplat- ing Invoking the nine power treaty signed at Washington in 1022, Aristide Briand, president of the council, though exhausted to the point of illness, was as busy as Dawes, es- pecially in negotiations with Kenkichl Yoshizawa, the Japanese delegate and his close friend, From Nanking came two Important ftems of news. One was that the Kuomintang congress had declared In favor of war on Japan in case the league should fail to settle the quar rel. The other was the statement of the Nationalist government that ft would regard any Manchurian govern- ment headed by Hsuan Tung, former emperor, otherwise Henry Pu-yi, as a “seditious Institution™ and would re- pudiate all its acts, Hsuan Tung was taken to Mukden by the Japanese, who presumably intended to make him a puppet emperor of, that country, but what had become of him was un. known. He was said to have declared he would commit suicide rather than serve as a tool of Japan. an observer. the central gure mpromise le. were HEN congress assembles there will be again a woman member of the senate, for Mrs. Thaddeus H. Caraway has been appointed to suc- ceed her late husband temporarily as sen- ator from Arkansas, The only other wom- an senator we have had was Mrs. Rebecca Felton of Georgia, “who held the office nominally and for but a short time, Mra Caraway, however, may be expected to be an active member, lnk for she was a close student of polities Mrs. T. MH. and government dur- Caraway ing the long public life of her husband. It is likely that the Arkansas Demo- crates will nominate her for the spe cial election to be called and In that case she 1s certain to be elected to fill out the unexpired term. The wet bloc ia the house of repre sentatives will gain another vote through the nomination of Donald Mclean by the Republicans of the Fifth district of New Jersey to com- plete the term of the late Ernest R. Ackerman. He will contest for the seat with Percy H, Stewart, Democrat- ic nominee, at a special election De- cember 1. Both the gentlemen are ad- vocates of revision or repeal of pro- hibition, while Mr. Ackerman was a Republican dry. The district is nor- mally Republican, RESIDENT HOOVER announced that he had accepted the resigna- tion of Henry P. Fletcher as chair man of the federal tariff commission to take effect on November 30. Mr. Fletcher some time ago indicated his wish to resign, but at the President's request remained in office. He had served since the commission's organi zation, 14 months ago. In submitting his Fletcher appended a report of the commission's work, showing that by November 30 its docket would He cleared of all applications and senate requests for information, resignation Mr. ERMANY and France, represent. ed by Secretary of State Buelow and M. Briand, reached an agreement on the formula by which the Germans should call for a moratorium on repar- ations under the terms of the Young pian, and the text of the request was bank at Basel after the American and British repre sentatives in Berlin had been shown the letter, The German government asks the world bank and the inter national powers to investigate her ability to pay the reparations and to help Germany formulate a plan to pay her private debts. The latest re port of the Reichsbank shows that de- spite a favorable trade bala achieved by Germany In October, teichsbank is still short of eign currency. presented to the world nce the very — INO GRANDIL, brilliant young for ign minister of Italy d the iplece of Premier Mussolini, has iis three days of conversations with President Hoo- ver and departed from Washington, well satisfled. The results of the talks have not been public at the writing, that was disarmament, in which Mr. Hoover and Il Duce are deeply in- terested. Grandl brought with him Signor Augusto Ros- 80 as one of his chief advisers because Rosso is an expert on naval affairs and Italy is especially concerned with the comparative strength of her navy. Signor Rosso is at present chief of the Italian foreign office division that deals with the League of Nations, and there have been hints that he might be a future ambassador to Washington. Signor Grandi was gratified with the news that Aristide Briand, as head of the league council, had declared offi clally that the one-year armament building truce is in effect as of No- vember 1, for this truce was the sug- gestion of Grandi—though he called it “an American-Latin idea”™ In his talks with the correspondents he sald: “We think in Italy that the question of disarmament is the most important question existing now in the relations between countries, and that it is high time for everybody to reach some prac- tical result.” Asked for his views on war debts and reparations, he called attention to Mussolini's statement In 1022 that war debts and reparations were dependent upon each other and should be scaled down. £ moutl had } time of but it is chief known Lae topic both Augusto Rosso HEODORE DREISER, eminent au- thor, and the other members of the self-appointed committee that went to Kentucky to investigate the alleged ill treatment of coal miners in Bell coun- ty got themselves into a peck of trou ble If the authorities of that state can get hold of them. The grand jury in Bell county Indicted Dreiser and his nine companions on charges of crim- inal syndicalism, accusing them of seeking to promulgate a reign of ter ror and of suggesting disorders and resistance to the state and federal gov ernments. Conviction carries a pen nity of not more than twenty-one years’ {mprisonment, a fine of £10,000 or less, or both, The commonwenalth’s attorney an- nounced he would seek to extradite the alleged offenders, and Dreiser said in New York he would fight extra. dition, The author and Marle Ber gain, one of the committee, already had been indicted for misconduct In a Kentucky hotel. HILIP SNOWDEN, who served ably In the house of commons for a quarter of a century and for two terms was chancellor of the ex- chequer, has been created a viscount by King George and elevated to the house of peers so that he may hold the office of lord privy seal In the na- tional government, He declined to run for re-election to the lower house be cause of Ill health, AHATMA GANDHI informed the British government that unless it did something for India by Decem- ber 1 he would sall for Bombay on December 4 to lead a new and greater civil disobedience movement in that country, In that case it is likely he will order a soclal as well nas a com- mercial boycott against the British, which would mean that no Indians would work for British Individuals. dritish troops were sent to Kash- mir recently to help put down a Mos- lem revolt in that Indian state, and the Russian government protests, con- sidering the military movement as a distinct menace to {ts frontier, In consequence Moscow made threats against Afghanistan which led the Afghan government to ask Turkey for the services of a military mission to reorganize its army. And Sir Harl Singh, maharajah of Kashmir, objects to the British taking charge of his country. N ORE trouble has come upon the bureau of prohibition through the killing of a youth in Englewood, Colo.,, by Henry Dierks, a dry agent. The people out there are greatly aroused, and the bureau start. ed an investigation of the affair, Dierks, in making a raid, found the young man, Mil. ford Smith, in posses. sion of a bottle of wine and In a strug. gle him clubbed him to death. The city council of Engle wood passed and sent to the burean in resolution in which were set forth some of the incldent in Dierks’ career. It charged that Dierks, while acting as an undercover man a few years ago, had employed a 17-year-old girl as an informer; that he had got drunk evidence in a rald and that in 1930 he had clubbed dpless prisoner with his oward T. Jones, assistant bition, sald this was grean and that there records to the dis with Henry Dierks Washington a wisi loot ine coliectling revoiver, director all news to was noll credit of Dierks. According to the Englewood police, Dierks fractured Smith's skull with slow with the butt of his revolver iaced him in jail where he hours without medical died soon after be IN FSUTIAHONY between the Unit- A ed States and Canada fi ir the dee tf of the international section Lawrence seaway the stage of formal ex- ating to the allocation of eering and ity will be ready for early next The ed . ¥ tu riced ent announceq velopmen » Pr posed Nt. first structures, Year. that Higa pha pro- re. f byt tatives of both countries posed to keep In touch with the spective provincial and state anthori- ties in the consideration of the power features of the development.™ This is of immense interest to New York and Gov. Franklin who has op- posed the views of the federal admin. istration concerning Ix loosevelt » The discussion so far hs alt with 48-mile on, ©x- tending from Ogdensburg, N. Y, to a point opposite Cornwall, Ohio. Secre- tary Stimson and Canadian Minister Herridge made arrangements for re convening of the joint engineering board, which will attempt to agree on procedure in the international section. international sec NOE of the party leaders in Wash- > ington now seem to doubt that there will be legislation to increase federal taxes, for the deficit at the end of the present fiscal year will be too big to be taken care of by fur. ther bond issues Senator Jim Wat. son of Indiana, majority leader of the senate, sald a tax Increase was “incscupable,” and as he had just been in conference with the President it was assumed this was the opinion of Mr. Hoover. Senator Smoot of Utah, chairman of the finance committee, ad. mitted there would have to be further taxation and thought it might be pos sible to obtain passage of a sales tax, Senator Fess of Ohio sald: “The budget must be balanced even If we are compelied to take drastic meas. ures such as was done in England. One line of effort Is reductions which are being made so as to reduce the outlay. The other must be Increase in revenue. I alsp believe that there will be enacted excise taxes on cer tain articles.” Senator Bingham of Connecticut advocates restoration of nuisance taxes, especially on soft drinks, The “progressive” Republicans are calling for higher Income tases in the higher brackets, and there may be little opposition to this in either party. Democratic leaders had less to say, for thelr program Is not yet settied. Anyhow they expect the administra tion to recommend the tax increase and thus shoulder the responsibility, after which they can decided how they think the deficit should be met, A MERICAN exporters, already wor ried by the seeming certainty of British tariff legislation, were further dismayed by the news that the Turk. ish government had issued a decree drastically limiting the importation of 1,000 articles, no consideration being given to merchandise In customs or en route. America Is hit by HlHmits placed on such articles as automo biles, motion pleture films, camera films, automobile tires and radios. Comparatively small amounts of these articles will be permitted to enter the country during November and Decems ber, and new quotas will be fixed for succeeding months, (@, 1931, Western Newspaper Union.) (Prepared oy National Geographle Society, NVashington, I. C.)—WNU Service. ISCOVERY of new diamond deposits In Tanganyika has made the colony the focal point of enthusiastic pros pectors in search of the glittering ECDs, The African only slightly more than a tury old. Today the continent duces nearly ninetenths of the world's supply. It was in 1870 that the windy, dust-swept region of Griqualand, South Africa, changed from No Man's Land to Ev- eryman’'s Land, when diamonds were there. Later, it was an- industry 1s half cen- pro- diamond suddenly discovered drawn boundaries that in- one farmer's house the family dined in that colony and went to bed in the Orange Free State, side jackstones with dia- Somehow that electrifying caption was overlooked by news re porters in 1860, at Hopetown, on the Orange river, the presence of diamonds in South Africa was sig- who was discovered playing with a casually picked-up gem “Playing monds I” when, weighing At once the 213% carats, South African diamond Ships lost their crews, the and perha curate, and adding cotton felt lice forces their “bobbies™ nn. derworld its crooks: ceria Natal lost he had la planter once drawn to the istry—in the case of an Cecil the “desert of Rhodes, All raked up get them to jualand’s Ales teres Tie Future Kimberley into huts, © diamondiferou wallopers”—those men's finds on spe to and fro among Also. there appeared ful “1 D. BB.” (illicit diamond buyer), who, co-operating with what might be described as the diamondstealing In dustry, smuggled out stones In con travention to the law, Stowing gems in cigarettes, pipes and hollow shoe. heels by no means exhausted his in The hungry-dog trick--that is, feeding a starved animal on meat containing diamonds and subsequent. iy retrieving them by cutting him open—was much In vogue. Controlling the Output, Under desert conditions, food was more precious than diamonds, baths, If you could afford that luxury, were taken in Imported soda water, Despite prophecies of a brief year's life for Kimberley, the first two decades showed a production of six tons of diamonds from the Griqua country. Indeed, by 1880 the possi. bility of South African stones swamp ing the market was so apparent that Rhodes and his group formed the price-and-output-controlling De Beers company. Modern Kimberley abuts on a three. mile-wide circle which contains, with- in barbed-wire barriers, mines, hous ing “compounds,” process sheds, com. pany stores, hospitals, public baths, and Kitchens—in fact, everything nee. essary to the Industry and its 5000 Bantu miners. These Bantu “boys” are voluntary recruits, who mine for six months annually, returning to their kraals with the wherewithal for meeting taxes, for buying wives with lobola (eattle dowry), or for less serious In. vestments, such as concertinas and mouth organs. In “above ground” hours they are seen cooking their food, or purchasing at cost price at the stores, or depositing their wages with the company’s savings depart- ment. Often these deposits represent such considerable annual aggregates as $230,000 paid in by 12,000 miners, Each week in the Kimberley mines some 70.000 tons of “blue ground” (hard, diamondiferous earth) are blasted out, crushed, fed into running water, rotated in steel drums, Jiggled along In troughs, and washed across tablelike surfaces coated with pe troleum jelly. The rotary process, by centrifugal force, separates the ground-up mass Into different-sized units, The Jiggling process washes away barren elements from the wa- ter-borne “concentrate” of gravel like appearance; and, finally, the di. minished residue flows across the pe. troleum surfaces, to which only the diamonds adhere, Not at All Exciting. Yet “diminished residue” is putting the sorting the resource genuity. often it but mildly, since these 70,000 tons Pe Ch WE ¥ I a of blue ground will produce only about 10% pounds of diamonds—say, a ratio of 14,000,000 to 1, We might address the cleanser, who, broad blade in hand, now and then scrapes off the diamondiferous petroleum and throws it into a vat of bolling water. “Scraping off n of dollars worth of diamonds In this way, isn't it rather exciting?” “Why, no” he swer unemotionally knows what about trowel” Inside the visitors are scrutinized them back panel, monds probably and familiarity an- everyone breeds—"it's like handling mortar with a sorting room, to which itted after an eye has from behind a slid men were poking dia- graduated holes in 1 the stoney iny 18,- meh through small screens to ascertal in diameters, Op one table alone 500 ean } ms, worth ap proximately 4 ars. Feel ing as dizzy in the treas. ure cave, one asks tremulously of a porter: dollars’ worth of diar holes isn't it a bit thrilling? no. 8 YaWh-—ags plex—as nonds soreen in trutd reated that toe often fi Afriea to the attrac tions in Yet the east one noeriey rRer Rhodes, amass a fortun scorn to use it in the common constitutes a WAY. trust, to be administered in the wider interests of humana 3 that he did, within such was his view, And according to his lights, South Africa and for the Brit. ish empire, You may strike his trail along the twisting the route of bygone diggers’ footpaths from clalm to claim—that Jleads you to the long-abandoned Rush™ mine, Here is the vast, extinet erater. al most a mile around and a quarter of a mile that once spewed dia- monds Europe's capitals: snd here, too, If you've eyes to see them, swarm Ad-time miners’ ghosts, with avid eyes and avaricious hands, sift- ing the earth and clawing at fortune. Tomorrow, for them, the fleshpots of Paris and London! sireet—it follows “N pw deep, into Many Used in Industry. Not all diamonds are destined to shine forth from jewelry that adorns men and women. More than half the world's production of the stones, in quantity, is used in industry. Some form bearings for watches, chrono meters, electric meters, and other ae. curate instruments and laboratory ap- paratus. Some, in which tapered holes are drilled, are used for drawing fine wire of platinum, silver, gold, and rare metals, Other industrial uses for diamonds are as drills for glass, porcelain, and similar hard substances; turning. tools for lathe work; engraving points; and as cutting edges for rock drilling and sawing. For industrial purposes only the less nearly perfect and less valuable stones are used The United States is the world's greatest diamond consuming country, Normally it absorbs nearly the equiv. alent of the entire South African outs put. If all the diamonds produced In the world in 1820 could have been combined into a single cube It would have been five and a half feet across each face—a crystal block as tall as the average man and weighing more than a ton and a half. If the rough stones have been brought together and dumped into bushel baskets they would have filled two dozens of them, heaped up. In recent years a wealth of the gems has been literally scooped up from the earth In the regions of al luvial diamond deposits, Until this change in mining methods came about, the greater part of the diamonds had been mined for decades by laborious digging to great depths In t Clears head instantly. Stops cold spreading. : Sprinkle your handkerchief during the day —your pillow at night. A MeKESSON PRODUCT AT 8 sil DRUG SICRES Writers’ Pluck Sinclair Lewis, at an luncheon, praised writers’ pluck. “A writer,” he sald, “will work two or three years on a book, $40 out of it, and then plunge fly into two or three years work on another book, Algonquin nake pluck- ' more BOW What should women d bowels n | should kn pure Syrup women organis: old rod 3 f aan Jon of an treated love its tas time their t skin 1s sall Pepsin is made herbs, pure less ingred: When can't eat, and at th apt to be con this famous stores ke i i y big { and you'll know why Dr. Caldwell’ Syrup Pepsis rite laxauw of over a Dr. W. B. CAtowerr's SYRUP PEPSIN A Doctors Family Laxative Indicated as an Alterative in the Treatment of RHEUMATIC FEVER, GOUT, Simple Neuralgia, Muscular Aches and Pains At All Droggists Jus. Baily & Sen, Wholesale Distributors Baltimore, M 4d. Weather Dictionary Some people collect stamg some collect Tal n, libra: States weather bur words rela encyclopedic when completed, will contain 15,000 weather terms, includi dialect, and weather phenomena, years before the dictionary ished, but meanwhile each definition is filed on a card and the cards are in dally use as references for the scientists of the weather bureau and others, snuff boxes, ting to the wentll weather scientific names It may be some SE — —— - Plague on Historic Spot A bronze plaque marking the spot where gold was first discovered In Silver Bow county, Montana, recent ly was dedicated by the Butte chap- ter of the Daughters of the Ameri can Revolution. The plaque, which was mounted on a sixton granite bowlder, marked the spot where B H. Barker and companions panned the first gold from Sliver Bow creek in 1864, The spot is between Nissler and Silver Bow. ————— ——— DR.LD.KELLOGG'S ASTHMA REMEDY for the prompt relief of Asthma gist for it. 28 cents and one dole tor. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers