IPLOMATS and financiers, work- ing steadily and per- sistently, have brought about an accord be tween France and Ita- ly on the question of relative naval strength, and the prob- able result will be that the three-power Lon. don naval treaty wil} become a five-power A. Henderson uct, Thus the French and Italians will give up the idea of starting a building program that would compel Great Britain to increase her naval forces under the “escalator” clause of the treaty, and the United States and Japan would be relieved of the fear that their relative strength would not be maintained without a Hvely resumption of building. Arthur Henderson, British foreign secretary, was most active in the final stages of the negotiations between France and Italy, making trips to Rome and Paris, and Is given credit for ex- cellent work, But it is admitted that the groundwork for the agreement was Inid by Hugh 8. Gibson, American am. bassador to Belgium, who for several months had been laboring te bring the dispute to an end. Acting under per sonal orders from President Hoover, he held a series of private talks with Mussolini, Tardieu, Briand and others, and transmitted their various propos als to Rome and Paris and finally to the British. The financial end of the accord con- sists in a long term loan to Italy, to be made by French and American bankers, which will really be a war debt moratorium in disguise. The Fas cist government will receive perhaps three and a half billion dollars, which sum, It is sald, will * save Italy from bankruptcy and put the country on its feet.” Specifically, the loan will be used to retire and convert Internal debt obligations, $1820,000000 of which fell due on October 1 last. Mus- solinl's previous efforts to obtain long term loans from American and French bankers had falled because, largely, of the naval dispute with Francee. While the terms of the Franco-Ital fan agreement were temporarily with held from the public, it was learned in Paris "that it provides that French naval superiority over Italy be reduced from 240.00 tons to 190,000 tons, most of the reduction coming from project- ed submarines and supersubmarines. It was agreed that the. battleship ton. nage allotted at the Washington naval conference would not be used for ships of more than 25,000 tons. France ob- tained the right to build three 23.300. ton vessels of the super-cruiser type. In return for superiority in global or total tonnage, it is believed that France gives Italy a slight superiority in light cruisers and torpedo desiroy- ers, but retains supremacy in subma- rines. It was understood that Italy de manded the sacrifice of super-subma- rines in the French program and that France made the concession because its coastal submarines are sufficient for its present needs. France and Ita- ly, It Is understood, agreed on parity in 10,000-ton cruisers. EGAL proceedings are under way in Washington in the contest between Presi- dent Hoover and the senate over the right of Chairman George Otis Smith of the pow- er commission to hold that office, and the senate is represented by John W. Davis, who was Democratic candidate for the John W. Davis Presidency in 1024. He was selected for the job by a subcommittee of the Judiciary committee composed of Sen. ators Norris,' Walsh and Steimer. The proceedings are expected to add an- other chapter to the history of consti. totional clashes between the execu tive and legislative branches of the government, Selection of Mr. Davis as counsel for the senate assures a spectacular court test, with the former Presiden. tial eandidate on one side and possibly Attorney-General Mitchell on the other, The final decision probably will be rendered by the Supreme court. msi Wi a filibuster in the senate and rather uproarious galety In the nouse, the seventy-first congress come to an end at noon, March 4. During © Its life it carried out fairly well Pres ident Hoover's program of legisiation, despite frequent acrimonious clashes with the Chief Executive since last December, It Is unnecessary to recount these disputes, for every one is famil. lar with them. In only two major at tairs—the nomination of Judge I'arker to the Supreme court and the recent veterans’ bofius loan act—was the President defeated, The iMiportant items of legislation suring the third session included Routine annual appropriation bills carrying more than $5,280,000,000, Emergency construction program, A providing $116,000,000 for speeding up public work, Including rivers and har. pors, highway construction and other federal improvements, Relief for drought-stricken areas, in. cluding $20,000,000 for food loans, pro- vided ‘In measures embodying a $63, 000,000 loan fund; $2,000,000 for rural sanitation activities; and $3,500,000 of unexpended balances in funds for re. lief of flood-stricken states. Program of federal public building construction Increased by $100,000,000, Series of unemployment relief meas- ures enacted, contemplating federal unemployment census, long-term plan- ning of public construction to meet emergencies and federal co-operation In unemployment agency activities, Additional soldier hospitalization fa- cilities afforded in $20,000,000 program, Naval modernization bill, auvthoriz ing $30,000,000 to remodel battleships Louisiana, Idaho and New Mexico, to meet standards prescribed by the 1022 Washington arms conefrence, The seventy-first congress earned the one distinction of being the heaviest spending of all peace time congresses, In all, It appropriated approximately $10,000,000,000 for government uses. N ITS closing days the congress en. acted the Muscle Shoals legislation which would put the government Into the power business, but President Hoover vetoed the measure, sending in a long and well argued message. The senate sustained the veto, the vote be ing 40 to 34, and the bill was dead Mr. Hoover had predicted he would be accused of favoring the power trust, and members of congress did accuse him of this, and the incident. It was said, made it certain that the power controversy would be one of the ma Jor issues of the next Presidential eam. paign, Mr. Hoover also falled to sign the Wagner bill for federal co-operation with the states In establishing a na- tional system of employment exchange. It was understood he would “pocket veto” this measure, which would bring the number of his vetoes to fifteen. FF YOU are to take the word of Henry H. Curran, president of the Association Agdinst Prohibition, a majority of the peo- ple of the United States are now ready and willing to vote for the repeal of the Eighteenth amend- ment. In his annual report to the directors H. H. Curran _ 360,000 members of the association, Mr. Curran declared that the dry cause had not advanced an inch during 1030, while the wet movement had registered Important gains, He asserted that the November election doubled the wet representa tion In the house and raised the sen. ate wet group from 15 two years ago. to 22 at present. He sald the house now has a wet vote of 160, compared with 76 in 1028 S FERETARY of Agriculture Hyde denies that he 1s to blame for de- lay In distributing the $20,000,000 drought relief fund. In a letter reply- ing to a resolution introduced by Sen. ator Caraway asking why Mr. Hyde had not begun the distribution, the secretary said: “1 have the honor to Inform the sen- ate that because of the extended de bate upon the appropriation of $20. 000,000 contained In the Interior de partment bill, and because of the un- certainty as to the provisions of the uct, it was not possible to work out the administration and accounting problems entailed until the act was finally passed and its provisions defl- nitely known,” He explained the machinery which the department had set up in order to distribute loans through intermedi. ate credit organizations and directly to the farmer. “There exists now no reason why application for loans may not now be received and payment made shortly thereafter,” he concluded, Al. Ralph Royce of the army air corps Is being congrat- slated on the an nouncement that he has been awarded the Mackay trophy for 1980, This is in recog- nition of the "Arctic patrol” which he led through severe winter wenther from Self. ridge fieid, Michigan, to Spokane, Wash, and return, In January, 1030. It was a se vere test of the skill and stamina of the pilots and the stability of the planes and was successfully carried through, The trophy, which is competed for annually by United States army om cers under War department rules, was ara: presented 18 years ago to the : Club of America by Clarence H, Mickay, The National Aeronautics] association, successor to the Aero Cleb of America, Is present custodian of the trophy for the War department, HAIRMAN RASKOB told the Dem- ocratic national committee at its meeting In Washington all about the wet policy which he thought the party should adopt, but sald he would not ask action on his suggested platform until the next meeting. Dry members from the South vigorously opposed Raskob's’ views or any consideration of them by the committee, It was de- cided that a $10,000,000 campalgn fund should be raised. OW bid for the general contract on the Hoover dam and power plant in Boulder canyon was submit- ted in Denver by a combination of western construction firms—the Six Companies, Inc, of San Francisco, and the government engineers recommend ed that this bid of $48.800.005.50 be accepted by Secretary of the Interior Wilbur. Work on the project, the big- gest engineering job ever undertaken in this country, probably will be start ed before the end of March, Government officials, although as serting work would be hastened so unemployment conditions in the South. west would be relieved, warned work. ers against a general migration to the Nevada-Arizona line dam site ns there were 10,000 laborers on hand at Las Vegas, Nev. Estimates for construc. tion forces ranged from 2.000 to men at work at time when the program gets Into full stride, NE of the most eminent engineers of the American army, and indeed of the na- tion, passed on when Lieut. Gen, Edgar Jad- win, retired chief of the army engineering corps and chairman of the Interocean canal commission, died nat Gorgas hospital in Panama City, While In Ancon preparing to go to Nicaragua te survey the possibill ties of a Nicaraguan canal, he was stricken with apoplexy, and a cerebral hemorrhage ended his life. General Jadwin, who was born In Honesdale, Pa... in 1865, was graduated from West Point in 1800 and had = brilliant career in the engineering corps for nearly forty years, in 1020, fle served in the Spanish-American war, but was best © 2.000) one Gen. Jadwin retiring war and the World known for his peacetime work In the United States and in the Canal Zone, The Jadwin plan of flood control for muinted after the disastrons Missis. sippl valley floods of 1027 was the army officer's most important work The plan called for expenditure of $325,000,000 and was opposed In con gress, but finally passed with admin istration support. ICEROY LORD IRWIN and Ma hatma Gandbi, both making con- cessions, reached an agreement for peace in India, and the civil disobedi- ence movement that had lasted for a year came to an end. Tha Nationalists looked on the pact as a triumph for the doctrine of non-violence. The Brit ish government, though it yields con. siderable, probably gets none the worst of the bargain. By the terms of the agreement, it 15 understood, the Na tionalists abandon thelr resistance movement and will work for qualified dominion status In the second round table conference. In return, thelr Im. prisoned members will be released and most of the confiscated property will be returned; they are permitted to conduct boycotts that do not aim spe cifically at British goods, and the poor natives along the coast are given the right to make their own salt, The most important gain for the British was the point in which the Nationalists agreed to confine them. selves nt the next round table con. ference to the specified scope of con. stitutional questions elucidated by the first round table meeting In London, This commits Gandhi to the principle of a federation of Indian responsibil. ity, but with British safeguards cov. ering finance, defense, foreign affairs, the position of minorities and the dis- charge of India's national debts, IR OSWALD MOSLEY, wealthy British socialist, and his wife, Lady Cyuothia, have broken with the Labor. ites and formed a new party of their own which asks for 400 candidates in the next election. The Mosleys espe cially attack the unemployment policy of the MacDonald government, I. CAPONE, Chicago's public ene my No, 1, did not fare so well when he ran afoul of the federal ju. diclary there. Judge Wilkerson sen. tenced the notorious gang leader to six months In jail for contempt of court in excusing his non-appearance in court some time ago by pleas of ill. ness at Miami, The case was appealed, Capone being released under bond. § ZRaz70R Arthur Capper's commit. tee on food prices reported that. it found “an alarming tendency toward the monopolistic control of the food of the nation by a smalk group of powerful corporations and combina. tions,” the tendency being especially strong In the case of bread and milk. A careful scrutiny by the federal trade commission and the Department of Justice was recommended. WO new governments within a week for Pern! First a navy group forced Sanchez Cerro to resign and named Chief Justice Ricardo Elias Facing National Erosion Problem Rapid Depletion of Fertility of Farm Soils Seen as (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture, )—WNU Bervice, The which most serious problem confronts American farmerg today is the rapid depletion of the fertility of their soils by man-induced erosion, which has come to be recognized as an evil of such national proportions that the government, through the Unit. ed States Department of Agriculture, has within the past two years estab- lished seven regional experiment sta- tions to work out practical methods of erosion control, members of the Asso- ciation of American Geographers were told at thelr annual meeting in Wor- cester, Mass, by H., H. Bennett, in charge of soll-erosion investigations of the bureau of chemistry and solls of the department, Much Land Suffering. “Not less than 756 per cent of all the cultivated land of the United States is suffering from erosion in some de gree—much of It seriously,” sald Mr. lennett, quoting from data from topographic maps, soil surveys, and erosion surveys which show that in cerfuin major farming regions more than 90 per cent of all the cultivated Innd of some counties Is being Impov- erished by sheet erosion. “The top soll of the uplands of the country Is not nearly so deep as com- monly supposed. This was recently iscovered when the average depth of a large number of representative up- land surface soll samples, from 34 states, was found to be only P Inches. Material Less Production, “When this vital layer is removed the material left for crop production is much less This fre quently consists of clay, which is more difficult and costly to till, is less ab- gorptive of rain water, and dries out more quickly in this is washed compiled collected productive periods of the that gully devel. Mr. Ben- that drought. stage when surface off, sald who pointed out sheet Is by far the more damaging of soll washing. These two forms of erosion, he sald, annually re estimated Stations for soll-erosion prevention have been located In Oklahoma, Mis sourl, Kansas, Texas, and North Caro lina. Many farmers have already stud. led erosion-prevention practices at the stations In Oklahoma and Texas. Mr Bennett says that the national pro gram for erosion prevention calls for such experiment stations in 20 or more of the major reglons in which the ex- cessive soll washing Is known to be costly. Co-Operative Spraying Profits in Wisconsin Farmers are losing millions of dol yearly through small crops of In 16 counties of Wisconsin, the trees. Each ring purchases & sprayer prodncing at least 300 pounds pressure, a tank, hose, ete, A reliable operator fs hired and each season. In addition. the trees are properly pruned and commercial nitrogen applied. Results have been most satisfac. tory. Apples which formerly were sold with difficulty for 25 cents to 30 cents a bushel, now are In big demand at £150 to $250 a bushel. Yields have been Increased to an average of seven bushels per tree, After paying all expenses, profits have been Increased $100 to several hundred dollars per farm. A survey of 7ings In Racine county showed that all farms with over 48 trees made sufficient net profits to pay all the farm taxes. Cost of supplies have been reduced through co-operative buying and prof- its increased through co-operative selling. Care in Feeding Silage Required for Results Bliage Is an extra good feed if it is not abused. Two kinds of abuse are to feed too much and to let the surplus accumulate in the mangers. It should not be forgotten that silage is large- ly water. If the cows are encouraged to cram themselves with silage at the expense of grain and hay they will not be getting enough nutrients to sustain their bodies and a profitable flow of milk. Preferably the grain should be fed on top of the silage so that it will be eaten first and then not more silage than will be eaten readily. If there is a surplus it should be cleaned out of the mangers daily. Care for Harness Every spring before farm work be- gins, the harness should be taken apart, loose dirt cleaned off, washed thoroughly with warm water and mild soap, hung up until the surface Is barely dry, thoroughly oiled with good harness oll, allowed to dry in a warm and all ex off, It RR by Drought Are Good Excellent Plan to Cut Mate- rial for Farm Use. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agricuiture. )=Wki Service What to do with large trees killed by the drought Is a question asked by many farmers who own woodlands, If the timber can be salvaged econom- feally, the forest service, United States Department of Agriculture, advises cutting it now, If a market cannot be found for this material, it Is better to cut it for future use on the farm than to let it go to waste in the woods, Many mature trees have succumbed in some of the drought-stricken sec- tions, and if they can be used now it Is better to cut them before they be- gin to decdy, containing logs may be for lumber, crooked or diseased trees can be Trees Baw and used to augment the fuel-wood supply. “There Is always on every farm a need for construction and repair ma- terials,” the extension forester of Vir- gina points out, “and here is a chance to salvage and at the same time provide a supply of repair material for years to core, There are many sawmill operators who would be glad to do a little cus- tom sawing, Some of them would take their pay in logs. There are on al- most every farm the wagons and work stock necessary to do the logging and hauling. “Properly stacked and roofed over with the commoner boards, lumber will keep almost indefinitely. Why not cut those trees winter and have them turned inch boards, 2x48, 4x0s, and other sizes needed for the upkeep of the farm?" good those dead trees tools, this into Increased Use of Skim Milk Powder for Fowls Skim milk powder is cheaper than It was a few somewhat years ago and auiso easier to get. It is carried in stock by ticularly if in» ber of poultry farms most feed merchants, par feed merchants Are a num- Practically all using kK powder in thelr mashes. | these are section where there poultrymen are now more or ee » of lower cost and availability and more dalrymen are usir "g y milk powder in calf feeding. this applying onl) where whole milk is sold. This powder is mixed with water in the proportion i i OUrse ¥ in of one part of powder to nine parts of water, When brought to a temper. ature of 05 to U8 degrees, the solution Is fed exactly as skim milk would be fed. farmers that, after calves have been well started on whole milk and have learned to eat grain and hay, the skim milk powder can be mixed with the grain rations and save the trouble of mixing with water and heating. Some say Good Heavy Oats Useful for Fattening Lambs Recent tests In Indiana indicate that good heavy oats are equal in val ue to corn for fattening western lambs. Three feeding were conducted involving 150 lambs. Oats. cottonseed trials meal, clover hay, and corn silage were fed In comparison with shelled corn. cottonseed meal, clover hay and corn silage. With the oat ration 577 pounds of oats, 51 pounds of cottonseed meal 261 pounds of bay, and 284 pounds of silage were required for each" 100 pounds of gain. With the corn ration 367 pounds of corn, 51 pounds of cot- tonseed meal, 462 pounds of hay, and 454 pounds of silage were required for the same gain. It is noted that the lambs on the oat ration consumed considerably less roughage which off. set the value of «he oats consumed. farm All-mash feeding permits greater sanitation In handling the chicks. * » - Leeks are spectacular subjects for the fall shows. Plant a row and hill them up carefully as they grow, - . . Hardy strains of alfalfa have aver. aged from 474 to 651 pounds more hay per acre each year than common varieties in experiments at the Penn- sylvania state college. - - . No other hay equals alfalfa for feed- ing purposes and few crops are better for swine pastures. It also ranks high ag a part of the mixture for pasturing other kinds of live stock. » » - The chick is handicapped by becom- ing Infested with many parasites early in life. An earlier hatched chick gains resistance with age before the para- sites become S0 numerous. * . » Trebl barley, though a high yielder, has weak straw and is susceptible to “spot blotch,” Trials with pigs Indi cate its feeding value Is somewhat lower than that of other kinds . = » From breeding time forward to lambing time the ewe may be in a gradual gaining condition. In which cuse a strong lamb may be expected and a full udder to nourish It with. . "0. Do not spoil a good job of h cleaning by dumping the "SCIENCE rescues the DEAFENED” by Floyd Gibbons Noted journalist describes his viele to a leading electro-acoustic lai oratory. Everyone who is hard of hearing should read it. Reprinted from the Review of Reviews. Send 34 stamp to Dept. C-36 SONOTONE 19 West 44¢h St, New York City —— DON’T LET WORMS TORTURE CHILDREN Children who have worms have not a chance of being healthy. Watch for the symp- toms, Gritting the teeth, pick. mg the nostrils, disordered stomach. Rid your child's body of these ruin. ous parssites. Give him Frey's Vere mifuge—a~a t : vegetable worm med 3 or 75 years. Buy it today. At ail drug stores. Frey’s Vermifuge Expels Worms safe, the safe easy way before worse troubles follow, Take HALE’S HONEY OF HOREHOUND AND TAR The tried home remedy for breaking up colds, relieving throat troubles: healing and soothing ~- quick relief for coughing and hoarseness, 0c at all dreggiste Use Pike's Toothache Drops Ht occa- JF RTT, FRET CBIR : cessary. : to perfect health. Help Nature gent- ly but surely with Wrights .255Pills “THE TONIC-LAXATIVE” Al Druggists er 572 Pearl 81, N. ¥. City. No Amateur Did That Amateur been a pest t of an Oakland ing in wreck! ships hunters have long Maurice Learner, head ) firm speciallz He ca plain, however. the method used by the person who stole an anchor weighing 1.800 pounds from the old United States eruiser Farragut, Bad Stomach Cause of Bad Skin You can’t expect to have a good clear skin if your stomach is weak and disordered. Undigested food sends poisons through the body, pimples appear— skin grows sallow and loses color. But these troubles will end quickly and skin clear up if you will start today taking Tanlac. Tanlac is made from herbs, barks and roots. A tablespoonful before each meal stimulates the digestion natu- rally so that you can digest what you eat. And when your stomach is in good shape again watch how quickly skin begins to clear up. At your druggist’s. Money back if it doesn’t help you. The Discov of Carbeoil Has saved much suffering to the human race, ng or messy tices no longer necessary. Carbodl ste - immediately. Heals worst Le often overnight. Sold throughout the United States for more than 25 years. Generous box 50c. Thousands of testimonials. Spurlock-Neal Co., Nashville, Tenn. nt ex It's the Mouth Lady—Your French rolls are really far too small. I can put a whole one into my mouth at once. Baker—I can quite believe that, madam, but it's not the fault of the bread.—Rolig Halv Timma, Goten- burg. It's Better Now “I couldn't stand the neighborhood : it was so unfashionable.” “And could you think of no other way to improve it than by moving? ~London Tit-Bits, One Point of View Shallow men believe in juck, strong men believe in cause and. effect, Most men reach tie heights by oth. ers stepping aside, How you feel in the morning tells the real story HAT'S the should feel like : ri i tH g Ee i i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers