Na F 4 cy; C ” - = By ELMO SCOTT WATSON n F YOU want to get in the news pictures, be a twin! Many have won temporary fame because a picture has gone out bear ing this familiar caption " Sets of Twins in One School Puzzle Teach- ers” and the number which I# inserted in that blank space varies from five to seventeen. A few years ago Stephens college at Columbia, Mo., already famous as “the Vassar of the West.” won even more renown from the fact that it had in its enrollment no less than 18 pairs of twins, and that they had fornfed a unique organization, named the “Du- plex club.” In St. Louis a year or so ago the press agent for a pair of “Siamese twins” who were appearing at a local theater had the happy inspiration to give a “twin party” to which all twins were Invited. Sixty-five pairs, rang- ing in age from two months to forty- five years, were on hand with the re- sult of an interesting graph—and much good 3 the “Siamese twins” In New York city twin daughters of a lawyer at- tended the Fordham law to- gether, were graduated together, passed the state examinations togeth- er, were admitted to the bar together and the news photographers rushed to picture them together! Among the most publicized candidates for admis- sion to West Point in years were the seventeen-year-old twin sons of a Pennsylvania soldier, killed near Chateau Thierry the World war. When President Hoover nomi- nated them for admission to the Unit. ed States Military academy, news sto- les (and a news picture. of recorded the fact that “their appoint- ment is belleved to he the first desig. nation of twins ever so made.” But schools group photo- publicity for school recent during course), are twins such all? Science an you can Interpret as wish. It Bays that of every 1.000 babies born there are ten pairs of twins. That's 2 per cent. If you want to base your calculations on some of the much-pub- Hcized “twins in schools.” you will find the percentage somewhat higher, A Californfa school a year or so ago broadeast the fact that it had nine sets of twins in an enrollment of 300 ~that's 6 per cent. Similarly Logan, Iowa, reported 12 pairs of twins in an enrollment of 275—a little over 8 per cent. But whether You consider these fig ures as evidence that twins are or are not such rarities, the fact remains that the study of twins has challenged the attention of scientists for many years, and some definite results to explain them have heen accomplished, al- though the scientists tre not entirely In accord tn an couclusions. Two kinds of twins are generally recog- nlzed—the “fraternal” and the “iden- tical” “Fraternal” twins are children born at almost the same time, but the prod- uct of two life cells. They may be the same or opposite sexes, and fre- quently bear no more resemblance to one another than any brother and sister. They are simply a biological coincidence, a rarity after answer which gives You But In the ease of “identical” twins, it Is a far different matter; for they are produced by the splitting of a sin- gle life cell, They are invariably of the same sex and, furthermore, resem- ble each other amazingly, not only facially, In coloring and other phys- feal details, but In mental processes, emotional reactions ang in other sub- tle ways. They are literally two halves of a single personality, Instances of remarkable blances between twins usually refer to the “identical” type, although it Is gen- erally conceded that there was no safe criterion for distinguishing between the “identical” and the “fraternal” un- til a Japanese scientist, Taku Komal of the Imperial university at Kyoto, Japan, anounced his discovery of a method. Of it he says: “In the course of study on my collee- tion of fingerprints and hand and sole- prints of some twins, I have come to realize that, generally speaking, the same hands or feet of the identical twins resemble each other more close. resem- 1. To this Council Bluffs, lowa, fam. ily goes the distinction of being Amer. ica’s “F. F. T.” (Finest Family of Twins). They are Mr. and Mrs. An drew Kroger and their ten children— five sets of twins. The twins are Clyde and Claude, born in 1912; Addie and Abbie, born in 1914; Floyd and Lloyd, born in 1919; Jean and Jean. nette, born In 1923; and the babies, Donald Dean and Norma Jean, born in 1930, 2. Leo and Theo Bogant of Corvaliis, Ore., have a double (ro pun intended!) distinction. Not only are they twins but they are leap.year twins, having been born February 29, 1016. Al though they are fifteen years old, they have been able to celebrate their birth. day only three times! They are shown above holding the cup which they won at a recent “Twins’ Round-Up,” held at Albany, Ore. in which 208 sets of twins took part, ly In their patterns than the two hands or feet of the same individual. “This statement holds good In prin identical twins studied by others; while such a con- dition can never be found in twins of different sexes nor In twins of the same sex bearing evidence for their being fraternal twins, Thus. we seem to be justified by saying: ‘Such twins are identical twins in which the same hands or feet of different individuals Are more alike than the different hands or feet of the same individual.” “But this statement must not be taken as involving the notion also that, if the former resemblance is less than the latter resemblance, the given twins are fraternal, since there are some twins which are apparently identical and yet do not show the condition mentioned above. Anyway, this will probably serve as a criterion for iden tifying some identical twins. ciple also for several “Some writers on twins and twin- ning seem to hold the view that the identical twins are comparable with the right and left halves of the body of one person. The view could not be quite correct, should it imply that the resemblance between the identical twins is In principle equqal to the re- semblance between the right and left halves of one person. As a matter of fact, speaking generally, the resem- blance between the identical twins is more than that between the halves of one person. Aside from the fact that the viscera shows a marked asym- metry even among identical twins, there are several cases known where such twins have the same defect or abnormality on the same side of the body. Moreover, as mentioned above, the hands or feet of the same side of different twins show closes resem. blance than the two hands or feet of the same individual.” But how does science account for twine, anyway? No one has ventured ft positive answer, but it is generally belleved that the process which takes place to produce twins is as follows : The ovum, a single cell, is fertilized, and thereupon begins to divide—al. ways by twos—into many cells. Grad: ually these are differentiated Into three types and form themselves into layers tn the form of a sphere, the ssn, middle of which is hollow. called the Up to this point the For some reason blastosphere biastosp! ere, normal, known, however, the process Is not next begins to that this Is that the cells on pand much on the outer and, nat layer bursts, as does a football blag when it When the split Is of the two split. It is thought the fact inner layer ex- possibly due to the rapidly those more than rally, the outer is blown up too der the gides portions are joined have proceed to complete split distinct form together we two hinst identical and pheres, which individuals, Since the division is always by twos n of Dean Horatio H ity of Chicazo, author of “The Physiology of Tw n- ning™ “The Biology of which are regarded as standard refer works on subject, that it obvious that triplets i Two of the ch dre and it is the opinie Newman of the Univers - and Twins, ence the thus be identical. be duplicates and the fraternal type, the resul lization of a second ovum for quadruplets to be identical can howes er, sets of Newman holds. In such instances the two blastospheres, that resulted from the orignal split, in their turn divided. sible, two twins, endary and partly substantiated by records of the time, of the woman who gave birth to eight children at time, is also recalled. In this instance 80 rare that it is mentioned in all reference works biological anom- alies—the four blastospheres again divided to form eight. An extremely vital reproductive cell may survive two divisions and four normal chil- dren result. of the most Important evi dence as to the nature mode of sex determination and much additional light on the age-old dispute over the reiative Importance heredity and environment comes from a study of “identical” twins who been adopted In Infancy by different fam- ilies, according to Dean Newman who has had charge of a study made hy the University of Chicago, of orphans adopted into private homes, Among the 800 children studied were 00 seta of twins, two were particulrly interesting first that of Eleanor and Georgiana Kelly, one on Some of have was two years old, Georgiana at eighteen months. Both had grown up in environments in many respects en- tirely different. And yet they are as nearly alike as they could be, not only in appearance but in the matter of mental drives and impulses as well, In contrast to the Kelly twins, there Is the case of Alice and Olive Redman, also identical twins studied and ob. served by Doctor Newman and his as sistants. Alice and Olive, born in London, were separated from each oth- er, through adoption, for more than ten years. Not long ago, they were reunited in Oshawa, near Toronto, Canada. The Redman girls received about the same amount and kind of educa. tion, they are remarkably alike phys- leally, and they Apparently have the same interests and tastes. But there Is a vast difference in the mental de velopments of the girls, Co r un @ Buil Home Exterior Matter for Careful Thought The proper finishing of the exterior of the home Is a subject of much thought and study on the part of the architect, and a matter which requires the utmost skill on the part of the builder In carrying out the plang, To construction would require a fered as suggestions. All construction such as to provide rapid drainage of prevent the accumula outside witer and to tion of debris, on which permitted. remains should be All horizontal work should water All Joints at the end of hor Izontal work should he constructed so 8 to prevent the seepage of water underneath, All end Joints in drainage, the White lead should Joints In the poreh floar. be placed on the wood ns soon as it Is In place. Nails should be ecounter- sunk and the depression filled with supplied. Lastly should be made for the proper clreulation of alr around the foundations of columns and nt the bottom of ha'ust. provision porch wiuter to preserving ers This dry rapidly and aids in wood, permits Sacrifice Worth While for Children and Home It costs money to build a home. And it calls for the the giving sometimes little sacrifices: time of cost up pleasures the delay of a of a certain little that money : possibly two In the motor car It Is “*hackbone,” the part go Into ft. vy , ywnorshir year or ownership an undertaking that “sand.” determination the and t's on women who the men sense of -ppecinlly when it Is some 8 easier to just keep on renting? rt} and noegtore mngsters fo wi while on wo ng for a family es, de the will with and fathers gladly happiness hers pay re sarded It Is just the ay of this good old and that the right 15st one of the heautiful things of life world} inspiring sort of women and men have the conr. and to protect the twa dren and a Evening Post, age to pay for best home, things of all—chil Chie o, BO Protection for Porch A trellis along n porch tion is In the design of as In A trellis along a example of ornaments of sucha structure the trellis as which It well the climbers supports ers to shut off the brighter sunshine of the beauty of the house and exclude unsightly or unde The bright rays of the summer, add to sirable views, very undesirable and screens or some kinds of vines which have a dense growth and broad leaves and heavy foliage. Valuable Limestone effective foll to the beautifully soft, light tones of limestone. The delicate shades of gray and buff which dis tinguish this stone from other exterior masonry materials always blend har moniously with the vivid colors of nature. They have a way of deepen Ing with the rain and brightening with the sun which gives life ang interest to walls constructed of this material Limestone is always effective when simply used. Being beautiful In and of itself it does not require much or. namentation. When enrichment Is de sired this stone can he readily earved most elaborately with the assurance that Its carving will stay crisp for years, ————————— Traveler's Impressions Our roadsides are the most sensi tive index of a community. They, they alone, determine whether you will ike a place or dislike it. They are the first and lasting im. The roadsides represent what the life. This Ie true whether they view us from the highways, the railroad or from a boat. It Is evident that the general appearance of the community is one of the strongest forces that wiil Impel the purchase of property, ex- penditures of capital and continued residence, bringing Increased values, Incrensed employment and Increased business. \Reason for Happiness Some little old towns out West feel sad because they don't grow, but in, when a town is so old that It has elms and maples 00 feet high that form tunnels of shade in the summer, why does It want to “grow?” Isn't it happy enough —5t. Louis Globe Democrat, How to Escape drafts or chilling. tion to keep in good physical condition, se against germs. Ward them off. At the first sign of any and remain in- If you have a sore throat, dissolve somo inflammation. 5 Long Lawsuit Ended The republic of France won a ng, irawn-out has civil against commune which dis of 2223 Whele Bird i not worry vited to the part ays at home AT the Foremost Desert Resort of the West—morvelous dimote — warm sunny days—cleor starlit nights — dry invigorating oir — splendid roods — gorgeous mountain scones—finest hotels—the idea! winter home. Writo Cree & Chaffey [P43 LM SPRINGS California That 1s, Money ought to be successfgl” ves In giving juirer. Everything comes to him who waits, though sometimes too inte, Castoria made especially CHILDRE Cumnoren usually hate to take medicine but every child loves the taste of Castoria. And mothers like its action—s0 gentle, yet so prompt and effective, Castoria is a never-failing comfort to children and mothers alike be- cause it was formulated expressly for children—to correct their little ills and upsets, The beauty of it is you can give Castoria to children of olf ages with equally sure results. When baby's cry warns of colic, a few drops of Castoria has him soothed: and free from pain, he is asleep again in a jiffy. In an older child when coated tongue or bad breath tell of con- stipation, a more liberal dose is Going Down ‘But just where is your sinking fund? “Sunk."—Loulsville Courisr Jour nal. for N usually all that is needed to cleanse and regulate the bowels, Your doctor will tell you Castoria deserves a place in the family medicine cabinet until your children are grown. He knows it is safe for the tiniest baby; effective for a child in his teens. Look for the signature of Chas, H. Fletcher, printed on th@wrapper. Picked the Best Girl's Father—How are your pros- pecte, bright? Young Salesman-—Yes, sir. Many 0* them have been through college, FE bothered with bladder frri. tations, and “I had dull, LOS ANGELES, CALIF,
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