i 7 Armistice day men and women all over the world will pin flaming red pop- pies over their hearts as symbols of the blood which was shed on the battie- fields of the World war, For the red poppy has be- come the emblem of Armis- tice day and we wear it on November 11 as a me- morial not only to the men who died during the war-torn years of 1914-18 but also to those who came back to their homes alive but bearing upon their bodies and in their minds the scars of that holocaust—the disabled veterans. The story of how the red poppy became the emblem of Armistice day goes back to November, 1018—even before there was an Armistice to light. en the burden of a war-weary world. In it there is a curious parallelism between the establishment of this cus- tom and another custom observed on another day when we honor our war dead. It was a group of southern women in Columbus, Ga., who in 1865 banded together to decorate the graves of soldiers, both Union and Confederate, thus originating a cus tom which is perpetuated in our Me- morial day observance. And it was another southern woman, Miss Moina Michael of Athens, Ga.. who originat- ed the idea of adopting the red pop- Py as a symbol of the sacrifices of the fighting men of the World war and whose efforts have resulted in this flower's being adopted as the Armistice day emblem. The idea came to Miss Michael while she was serving on the staff of the Y. W, C. A, overseas headquar- ters at Hamilton hall, Columbia uni- versity, in New York, On Saturday, ¢ November 0, 1018, she was sitting in the headquarters office when a soldier came in and placed a copy of a month. ly magazine on her desk. In it she happened to read Colonel McCrae's now-famous poem, “In Flanders Fields.” She was so stirred by the lines that she re-read it several times and then with a sudden inspiration she wrote this reply to it: Oh! You who sleep in Flanders Flelda Fleep sweet-—to rise anew! We caught the Torch you threw And holding high, we keep the Falth With alli whe dled We cherish, too, the Poppy red That grows on flelds where valor led: it seems to signal to the skies That blood of heroes never dies, But Jends a lustre to the red Of the flower that blooms above the dead In Flanders Flelds And now the Torch and Poppy red We'll wear In honor of our dead. Fear not that ye have dled for naught: We'll teach the lessons that ye wrought In Flanders Fields As she wrote, she decided that she would wear a poppy for remembrance and she would also ask others to do the same. While thinking about this three overseas XY, M, C. A. and Y. W. C. A. workers, who had been attend- ing a conference at Columbia, came in to bring her a check for $10 in ap- preciation of her efforts to make a model hostess house of their headquar- ters. She Immediately told them that she would use the money with which to buy poppies and then explained her idea. They were as enthusiastic about it as she was and, returning to their conference, spread the news, As a result, all of the workers at the conference that afternoon were wear. ing poppies which Miss Michael had provided. The next morning Miss Michael went to see her friend, Dean Talcott Williams of the Columbia school of Journalism, and confided to him her poppy-thought, He was very much plea nd offered to pass the thought on that afternoon to a war workers’ committee on which were Mrs, Pres. ton, the former Mrs, Grover Cleve. land, and Rodman Wanamaker, He attended the meeting of the commit. tee and brought back to Miss Michael enthusiastic reports of the manner in which her plan had been received, Then came the armistice and Miss Michael turned all her energles to spreading the idea of the poppy as a national emblem, She presented the plan to other conferences and they ex-service men, straightway adopted it. Home coming programs were made and the poppy Idea was introduced Into them. Miss Michael wrote her congress man, Charles H. Brand, and he re plied on December 10, 1018: “I am writing today the War department in behalf of your suggestion that the poppy be adopted as the national em- blem in commemoration of our sol- diers who died in France” Miss Michael wrote to many insti. tutions of education, women's clubs and other organizations, explaining that as it was impossible to have tri- umphal arches or great memorials in all places from which came the heroes of the World war, she begged them to adopt the poppy as a tribute to the men who won the victory. “Out of every great event of world has come an emblem,” she wrote, “ ‘Lest we forget Into this war went many emblems: The flags of nations, the Red Cross, the Red Triangle, the service flag and pin. Now out of this war should come some symbol perpetuaily to remind us and unfailingly to teach coming genera- tions the value of the light of liberty and our debt to those who so valiant. ly saved it for us” On the eve of the Georgia State convention of the American Legion, August 19 and 20, 1020, in Augusta, Miss Michael went to the Legion head- quarters in Atlanta and turned over to them her arguments concerning the adoption of the poppy. Charles M. Galliene of Post No. 1, Atlanta,” took charge of the material and presented the movement to the convention, It was adopted and the delegation to the national convention was instructed to present it at Cleveland, Ohlo, and to support the resolutions, The resolu. tions were presented to the national convention in September, 1020, and the poppy became the National American Legion Memorial Flower. The happy inspiration which this southern woman had has not been con. fined in its result to this country alone, For her idea has spread to other conn. tries. Madam E. Guerin of Paris read Miss Michael's poem pledging to “heep the Faith,” and her plans for wearing poppies to memorialize the sacrifices of the war, She Immediate. ly organized the American and French Children's league and sold popples for the benefit of the orphans in France, the » In an official report, which she jssued on February 8, from Canada on Poppy days, she announced: “The great war veterans have sold 1.000.060) gmull poppies and 200,000 large ones, clearing £00,000 for thelr reilef work, and for the French, $80.00 to go to the poor French children of the bat tiefieidse.” In England the poppy program flour ished tremendously. Earl Haig's Brit ish Legion adopted the selling and wearing of poppies In 1921 and since that time more than $11,000000 has been cleared for ex-service men, In 1927 alone the British legionnaires sold 28 000,000 poppies and profit of $2522.000, In 1028 the sales reached the $3.000.000 mark. In every British community, no matter how reo mote from the mother country, “anni. versary of the armistice is observed by the sale of poppies. The full list of overseas collections from poppies, ns printed in the 1927 report of the British Legion, assumes the appear. anee of a gazetteer of the world, There are listed there the Azores, Egypt, the Grand Canary Islands, Morocco, Nige. ria, the Sudan, the Orange Free State, Bermuda, British Guiana, Trinidad, Borneo, British Malaya and dozens and dozens of other countries, Instead of the poppy becoming a na- tional emblem, as the Poppy Lady first dreamed, it bas hecome an In- ternational emblem. In Europe, be. sides the British Isles and France, 19 countries wear the blood-colored bios. soms In their lapels: Italy, Holland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, Poland, Greece, Rumania « « Oh, almost every corner of the globe, Poppies are even worn in Japan, China, Mexico, Asla Minor and in ev. ery country of North and South Amer. ica, The popples are made by disabled veterans in hospitals in the East, at plece-work cost and the state depart. ments of the Veterans of Foreign Wars all taken certain quotas, A small amount Is deducted for national and state relief and the rest goes to the posts that sell the popples to be useq ng their relief needs arise. The veter. ans are paid one and one-quarter cents for every poppy they make and some of them are skillful enough to turn out from 800 to 400 poppies In a day, thereby earning about $5.00, (@. 1930, Western Newspaper Union.) 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The differ and wror often a personal one, and person wishes to justify an his to himself it Is generally easy. Wrong can be made to appear right to oneself If self-interest to become paramount. jut the justification, wholly stifled. It rags and nags at one and gives no peace until, the pin, called confession. The cynical leyrand said that to be happy a man should have a good digestion and no conscience. Possibly, but if it is so, practically no one is truly happy. Conscience may undoubtedly be tered and what troubles one genera. tion may not trouble another. Sut conscience is a fixed part of our selves, something which is born with us. It is of the moral order of the universe, a monitor implanted within us by a Supreme Power.—Ihiladel. phia Bulletin, conscience with and we do not dictionary answering wish owledge of our own acts wrong" wi. # ence between rigl despite conscience is never fos. Sent Suit to Waxen Effigy tion of wax effigies of famous men, ure of himself which had just been put on view. Sir Thomas at once took exception to the manner in which the figure was clothed, and | the next day he sent one of his own yachting suits down to the museum with the request that the figure be | put In It, which was promptly done. The manager of the place said that the new suit fitted the dummy to aI.” Wood Produced From Cotton Synthetic wood produced from compressed and hardened cotton ma- Day of Water Trough Gone The fou: nee pular water ts in of the boot jack re- streets, Oo ne the way and ay. Workmen bucey the iy gterd { horse have the troug hs from the junked and uses broken, WHITE SKIN EREMOLA makes old skin young. It positively accomplishes four things for it is a skin tonics a tissue builder; banishes pimpees; and a skin | whitene: and refuvenstor—or money refunded. Thousands of Wome | end on Kreme to { keep ther in youthful your direct by mail prepaid. 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It is said to be indistinguishable from mahog- any, oak or any other wood, and can | be used in making furniture and all much less than ordinary wood and its life will be as long, the inventor says. It may be molded Into any California's Foremost Desert Playground al Ba Spring a w. N. VU. BALTIMORE, NO. 44-1930,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers