Increase Yields by Crop Rotation Experiments at the Huntley Field Station Show Value of Alfalfa. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Results of crop rotation experiments extending qyer the last 18 years with Irrigated crops in southern Montana, are reported by the United States De- partment of Agriculture im Technical Bulletin 144-T, “Irrigated Crop Rota- tions im Southern Montana,” just is- sued by the department. The experi- ments were conducted at the Huntley field station, In southeastern Montana, to find out what rotations and meth- ods would give the highest yields on the irrigated soils representative of the area. Value of Alfalfa Shown. The experiments demonstrated very clearly the value of alfalfa in the ro- tation and of the application of stable manure. Where one application of stable manure was made in a six-year rotation which included alfalfa, the yield of oats was 30 per cent greater, the yield of sugar beets was 43 per cent greater, and the yield of pota- toes was 48 per cent greater than where stable manure was not added. In respect to oats, the highest yields were produced in those rotations in which alfalfa was used, the next best yields were in those rotations in which stable manure was applied, and the lowest yields were on the plots cropped continuously. Manure Effective. As to sugar beets, in two-year and three-year rotations stable manure was more effective than alfalfa in in- creasing yields. All of the treated ro- tations showed a marked tendency to Increase In yield the longer these ro- tations were continued. Comparative- iy low yields resulted from plots con- tinuously cropped, and not better aver- aged yields resulted from the two- year rotations as where beets follow wheat and oats, An application of manure in two- year and three-year rotations is well Justified, the experiments indicated. The Incorporation of alfalfa in a well- planned rotation brought a return sec- ond only to that when manure was used. As a rule, it appeared to be the better practice to leave alfalfa for Rf period of at least three years. Ad- ding manure to a six-year rotation which included three years of alfalfa, much more than pald for the cost of application. Copies of the bulletin may be ob tained free from the Office of Infor mation, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., as long as there is a supply available for free distri- bution. Sanitation Regarded as Big Aid to Health As a general rule the farmer should do all that he reasonably can to main- tain the health of his herd through breeding, feeding, and sanitary meas- ures, and apply the Immunization treatment as a resource measure when danger of cholera threateng. Of course, it Is realized that there are densely hog-populated sections of the country where hog cholera appears every year, which makes It necessary to apply the Immunization treatment systematically each year. lime. Many gardens are not yielding up to their capacity because of soil acidity. Where lime is greatly needed the application of artificial fertilizers is not, as a rule, economical. The acidity should be corrected first In most cases. Lime also helps convert a clay soil into one of light and por- ous consistency. Vegetable crops dif- fer widely in their soil requirements, Certain of them may be Injured by lime. Profitable Pork Good management is always an Im- portant factor in reducing the cost of producing pork. This means using only well balanced rations, keeping the pigs healthy, and saving large lit. ters. A very small amount of hay with a little milk or tankage as a supplement to the grain ration is very valuable, but the substitution of even the best quality of legume hay for a considerable portion of the grain does not lower the cost of the pork pro- duced. Uses for Combine I'robably the most interesting devel opraent in cotnbine history of the last two or three years has been that it secms adapted to the harvesting of al- most any crop. The University of [li uois has harvested corn with a com- bine; they have been used successfully in the rice fields of Louisiana, in flax fields of North Dakota and western Kansas; and growers of soy beans have almost reached the point where fn combine is a standard piece of equip- thent with them. Pullets for Layers Pullets with small bodies rarely have a strong enough constitution to make a high egg record. Try to build a large body before egg production begins. The growing imash may be diluted with cornmeal to hold back sexual ‘maturity, and at the same time to bring on body flesh. Early hatched birds may be held back by dliuting the growing mash with 50 per cent cornmeal, , Manure Value Does Not Waste in Field Best Plan to Haul Directly to Open and Spread. To double the fertilizing value of farm manure add 40 to 50 pounds of superphosphate to the ton, says Pro- fessor KE. L. Worthen of Cornell unl- versity at Ithaca. Since manure loses value rapidly when exposed to the weather it should be stored in a watertight pit or a covered manure shed. Where it must be stored out-of-doors, it Is best to haul it directly to the field and spread at once, Winter manure can be spread to good advantage on all old sod to be plowed under for corn, beans or cab- bage, and the older the sod the more important it is to manure it. Whether plowed down or applied after plowing, manure should be applied to areas to be used for cultivated crops next year, the one exception belng good A poor clover seeding, the thin spots in the alfalfa, and the poor wheat field will all be helped by New York pastures have not recelved enough fertilizer in the past, and manure Is sulted for all permanent pastures In the state irrespective of the kind of grass. Better returns come from and light applications rather from one heavy one, according to Pro- fessor Worthen, frequent Fertilizing Orchards One of the alms of the orchardist is to so handle his fruit that it will reach the consumer In perfect con- dition. This means care from beginning of the season until it leaves his hands. Any practice that reduces | (Prepared by the National Geographle Boclety, Washington, D. Cj HE Federated Malay states, | on Asia's southernmost penin. | sula, have been literally | snatched wild vegetation. from an all-covering Where once the choking jungle crowded men back, a Jungle so thick that a man swimming in a stream could hardly land because | vines and plants hugged so close to { the water's edge—broad fields have | sow been cleared, and Malaya plan- { tations are among the richest in the world. Forty-five years ago a few para rub- ber plants smuggled out of Brazil Today, three-fourths of world's rubber comes from this region. And In this magie develop the cause Is known. Experiments at the station have sought to determine whether the nor- mal application of nitrogenous fertl- lizer commonly used in Ohio results in a reduced keeping quality, as some have suggested. Chemical determina- tions have shown that more total ni- trogen Is found In the flesh of the Ing role. This Malay peninsula, stretching down toward the equator, vast humid region of dense of Jungle, wild elephants, i large applications result In somewhat proportionately larger amounts of ni- trogen in the fruit. Other methods of determining this matter are positive. However, the storage tests with Stay- years have shown no breakdown in the flesh as a result of the fertilizer treat. ments, While the work is not com- pleted It is suggested that the present method of fertilization be continued, rubber plantations, and tin mines, There Is 8 governmental mixture In Singapore, built on a tiny isle of the same name, which lies just off the end of the peninsula and nearly on the equator, is the cap ital of the British crown colpny com This colony embraces the Province of nitrate for each year of the trees’ age. at the rate of 250 pounds per acre J. H. Gourley, In Ohlo Farmer. After Once Opened Keep on Feeding From Silo After the silo has once been opened silage until the silo has been emptied or there Is an abundance of grass With the average farmer, should be fed from grass to grass, even If lighter rations are necessary to make it hold out. In this way the animals will always have succulent feed with the daily ration. and the islands of Penang and Singapore. The Federated Malay states, on the Straits the States of Selangor, Pahang, and Negri Sembilan. Kuala Lumpur is the cap ital. Just opposite Singapore, on the is the Independent native state of Johore, which has its own under British protection. The British commissioner far the Federated Malay and British agent Borneo and Sarawak, thus linking up British possessions and establishing close contact, through one Many Races There. “The Melting Pot of Asia” they call of races, colors, and is needed during the process of filling, but all silos should be thoroughly packed at the top after filled in order to form a cap and pre- serve the silage. Farm Notes Onions require cool, dry storage. » * . The soll is in better condition for hauling and spreading lime now than in the spring. . » » A good time to clean out the hen- house is right now while you are thinking about it . ® » Soil should be regarded as a check. ing aecount—it must be added to If it is checked against. - . - Terracing of fields, planting of trees, and growing grasses will solve the erosion problem. * »* » Cabbage plants started In February will be less likely to produce seed stalks than those started in January. - - . While we are dolng something about everything else, why not try our hands at cleaning up the fence rows on our own farms? . * » Live stock of all kinds should be kept off the ground occupied by the trees, until the trees are large enough to provide shelter and shade. - Fleld observations point to the fact that lime can be used to great advan. tage. It should be borne in mind, how- ever, that lime Is not a fertilizer, La Where It appears necessary to burn to obtain uniform gras ing, the burning should be done just before the native forage plants start growing and after the (freezing weather, » jut in all this industrial army of Europeans, Chinese, Japanese, Tamils, Hindus, and assort. South Sea Islanders, the Chinese umerous and powerful The Malay Mimself is too lazy even He grows a but nature is so kind that it is sald one hour's effort a day will support him and his family. It Is the Chinaman who Is the tin miner, the farmer, shopkeeper, artisan, contractor, and financier. The Tamil and the Hindu add to the stock of local labor and own small farms and herds, but the many millionaires made in Malaya have mostly been Chinese. The palatial homes of the rich Chinese bosses In Singapore and Penang, In contrast with the miserable shacks of the natives, afford proof enough of the gingular commer®al superiority of the yellow race, Here, indeed, Chinese immigration has worked a modern miracle in the magie reclamation of this once reek- ing, fever-cursed, jungle-grown wilder ness. The Chinese it was who first braved the poisonous darts of the lurk. ing savage, the perils of tigers and reptiles, the flames of fever, and the danger of dysentery, to conquer these jungles and dig the tin that put Ma- laya on the map of the trading world. Chinese say that tin “grows” and they use the divining rod to locate it Singapore is both a great trading center and fortress of the Far East It is a shining example of how Great Pritain has *muddied”--as the British themseives put it-—into possession of some of the world’s most important strategie gateways, Singapore is an is. land 27 miles long by 14 wide, and just misses being the southernmost point of the continent of Asia by a half.mile water channel. It is at the funnel point of the Strait of Malacea, which extends between the Malay peninsula and the island of Sumatra, the great water highroad between In- dia and China. How Raffles Made Singapore. Little more than a hundred years ago the Island, owned by the sultan of Jobore on the nearby mainland, was a deserted jungle save for a little fish- ing village, Ships In the China trade passed it by as they passed many an- other jungle shore; the only ports of call in that region of the world were those on the Dutch Islands of Sumatra and Java. But these ports took a big toll in fees, and Sir Stamford Raffles, an official of the East India company, began to dream of a free British port that would facilitate trade. In 1819 he obtained the seemingly worthless island of Singapore for his company for a small fee. Developments quick- ly proved him a prophet, for within two years the little trad ng center he established had a population of 10,000, It was only In 1822 that the Eritish government consented to take an in- terest in the place. In the little more than a hundred years since it was founded, the jungle of Singapore has given place to a huge city of close to 400,000 population, car rying on trade valued at a billion dol. larg snnually—one of the metropolises of the British empire. [ts quays and anchorages serve thousands of craft of all sorts and sizes, from the ple turesque, graceful Malay sampans and the seodgy Chinese junks to the fa- millar freighters of the West, snd what Kipling asserts sre the “lady- like” liners. They build up pore's shipping to the tremendous to- tal of 17.000.000 tons yearly. Though Singapore is free from dn ties, and to this fact owes its very existence, still the people who make up the city take their toll from the stream of world trade that flows about them. They live, in fact, by and for, and In an atmosphere of commerce, Tens of thousands make their livings by caring for shipping. conditioning and supplying vessels, and taking part in loading and unloading goods. The port Is primarily a trans-shipping point for both imports and exports. It gives what the economists would call “place value™ to hundreds of commodities which trickle to Singapore's reser- voirs of goods from scores of districts in the East and are there obtainable in the large quantities that world trade demands. In the city’s “godowns”— as the East calls its warehouses—are handled a very large part of the world’s finest rubber before it begins the long Joumey that will take most of It eventually to American highways, So, too, much of the world's tin Is smelted in and shipped from Singa- pore. It might be dubbed “the world's pepper pot,” for more pepper is assem. bled there than is ever held In any other port. Real Cosmopeotitan City. If ever a city could claim to be cos mopolitan, Singapore can. At one of the principal world crossroads, and with a population 100 per cent immigrant, it could not escape cosmopolitanism. It has drawn its population from prac- | tically all parts of Asia, from Oceania, the Malay archipelago, Africa, Europe and America. The Chinese predomi. | nate, making up about one-half the | population. There have been many | thousands of immigrants from India, | Europeans, Americans and Australians | uumber less than 10,000, and there are probably as many Japanese, The appearance of Singapore shows its mixture of many influences. The visitor may ride in ‘rikishas or elee- tric cars, automobiles or ancient horse. drawn carriages. In the chief busi- | ness district he sees modern streets | and buildings, and in the Asiatic quar ters he encounters facilities and sights | and odors that smack of the Orient, Singapore's houses of worship furnish an excellent index to its varied life. There are Christian cathedrals and churches, Moslem mosques, and the temples of half a dozen or more Indian and Chinese and Japanese faiths, Without making use of reiteration one can hardly describe the physical aspects of Singapore island adequate iy. It Is an island of red, red soil and | green, green verdure. The soll fie poor, but since Singapore Is almost at the equator and moist, vegetation might be sald to grow furiously. There is an unending fight between it and the coolles who strive to prevent its vivid green waves from enguifing the con. spicuous red roads and cleared spaces. So, here In the strait, Raflles early declared that the principles of British law should be applied with patriarchal mildness and indulgent consideration for the prejudices of each tribe. All native institutions, such as religious | ceremonies, marriage and inheritance were respected, when not inconsistent with justice and humanity. In this policy lies the secret of Bultlsh colo niziog sncossa | Singa- Dame Fashion Smiles By Grace Jewett Austin There Is a little Hine. somewhere In one of Vachel Lindsay's poems where he tells of nets to snare the moon beams. And every- body knows how valuable the net Is for catching fish, large and small, Even the aristo- cratic fisherman for game fish will pot always despise a landing net The dress deslgn- ers took a leaf from Vachel Lind. hours Black is exactly the net gowns for est offerings. And how becoming may be. Incl been a black chest in which you had hated to cut short to knee length, it might be if there has consider (ts possibilities. Dame Fash- ineans to do that very thing. There are various kinds and meshes Some are as coarse us a fisherman's net, but pot on that ac necessarily inexpensive, The One en- and Buch ns “fascinatingly sleek backs! One Jester declared the economical designers saved from the ghoulders to be able The new gown called the “Chanel 5" popular In America and may be recog. of shirring going the gown, from a circle be. the arms to the last shirred band at the hipline. From the place of the last shirring the net, chiffon or whatever the material may be, floats full and free to the floor. It is quite proper to have a large bow of the material placed In the back at the level of the lowest shirring. Dame Fashion, a devoted reader of sdvertisements Issped from the At region, across the mar velous central west, and on to the lively Pacific, often gets a chance for a smile out of some new siyles put forward with the utmost solemnity. in recent years the word corset has not been so much in the public view, and a whole generation, in its desire to be pliable, has not worried about them. Now Miss Corset i8 quite canny, ind in certain places she allows herself to be recommended as “body gloves” That is a taking phrase in a day when Miss Glove is considered an lo dispensable friend to society every where, and at practically every hour of the day. The other little smile Item con cerned cameras combined with vanity cases, Dame Fashion studied quite a bit on the psychology of that. Is the case to be loaned to the one about to be “shot.” to gid in beautifying for the picture? Or, on the other hand, Is the toll of taking pictures so sirenu- ous that the taker herself will need a first aid to the complexion? But in this day of many mergers, it is not at all surprising to find mixtures of many a kind Fur of many a kind is happy this Do not hesitate to put a pretty bit of it on a hat or on a gown, if the effect is pleasing. (ES 1929, Western Newspaper Union.) to seven bands Russian Tapestry Used as Model for Pajamas Ancient Russian tapestry served as a model for this interesting pajama suit. The black and pink designs were hand. painted on the flared coat and ample trousers, Pink Vestee A sweet Purls frock of black taffeta, figured In minute pink, yellow and cream flowers bar a little chiffon vestee of pink that attaches at’ the back of the neck and hangs over the front like a many-pointed bib, Jersey Appeals to Girl or Short, Stout Women Jersey is an important material this season both in popularity and style appeal, says the Woman's Home Com. panion, Just as important is the vogue for the one.pieced belted dress. When you put the two together ycu have the beginning of a real Paris model. Place the beit at the top of the hips and be sure that the skirt is amply full and considerably longer than last year's. Then choose two tones of this winter's brown or green or red, use the darker for a deep V in the bodice and for turn.up cuffs, and your Paris dress Is compiete. A dress which appeals to the young girl and which is excellent in line for the short, stout woman, Gloves That Harmonize With Frock Are Stylish The Maggy Rouff glove, the Werth glove, the Jane Regny glove—all these are eloquent testimonials to the ln- portance of accessories in the mode, and how far we have progressed since the days when designers could afford to concerned with the maiter of frocks alone, observes a fashion writer in the New York Times. In- creasing formality means more inter- est in gloves, Where one pair would answer before, the well-dressed wom- an must now have huif a dozen, and these in colors, types and fabrics to complement the costume with which they are worn, It is in recognition of these facts that the leading couturiers now pre- sent their own gloves, showing details characteristic of present-day fashions. With the bridge, matinee or dinoer frock the classic puli-on in suede or kidskin continues the favored type. Suede has always appealed to women, but glace kid is rapidly gaining in popularity-—perhaps because it is far more practical, but aise because it is being presented in new designs and lovely colorings. These pull-on gloves are much longer than those of last season, for the long glove has definite. ly arrived. Some show the three-but- ton fastening, while others are button- less—the latter being newer. Delicate shades of beige are much worn, beige with either a gray or a pinky cast. according to the color of the frock and the other accessories. Black suede gloves have enjoyed ar unprecedenced popularity, especially with the black frock. White and off-white gloves have also returned to vogue for formal afternoon wear, for they are a true expression of the fashion for ele. gance. The new pale creamy gar. denia tint in a six-button glove of glace kidskin adds the final touch of perfection to the ensemble of black with lavish furs. Gardenia, by the way, is one of the shades much talked of for Southern resort wear. Waistline Should Not Be Too High; Not Too Tight It is important to know a few fundamental facts before one adopts the waistline in present fashion. Over exaggeration is easily possible and is not in good taste. Designers bave not revived the hour glass si houvette nor do they seem to evidence any Intention to do so, The waistline should not be placed too high nor should it be confined too tightly. The correct Interpretation of this new phase of the mode is a conservative one. Hunter's Green Is Used in Afternoon Ensembles Hunter's green is often mentioned this season and it has been used sue cessfully for the formal afternoon en semble, Mixed green tones are to be yen
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