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Good Plant Cover
Prevents Erosion
Field With Growing Crop
Does Not “Wash” as Seri-
ously as Others.
(Prepared by the United Ptates Department
of Agriculture.)
It is well known that a good plant
cover checks erosion of the soll, that
n pasture, meadow, or a field well cov-
ered with a growing crop does not
“wash” as seriously as one planted,
for example, to. corn or cotton, In
which the crop does not fully
the ground. On the western ranges
preservation of a good cover of herb.
nceous and shrubby plants on rough
ground used for grazing is particular-
ly necessary. The forest of
the United States Department of Agri.
culture has given particular attention
to the effects of plant growth In
checking erosion, and the present
policy of issuing grazing permits is de
insure the
through
cover
service
signed to f
guch n
preservation o
cover prevention of
overgrazing.
Value of Grasses,
Clarence 1.. Fogsling of
the forest
service, savs, “TI
he value of grasses
for
not be
the
other low growing
fing watersheds may
}
because
and
pre fe
easily recognized
what
plants
wOme
ohisc ure n
cheek
The
! part of
plant
maintaius
ter to
stems and leay
penetrate
7
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
OMING as it did near the
Eightieth anniversary of
the discovery of gold in
Cal
iforania, the announce-
ment of a project, spon-
sored by a Californian,
Charles KE. avi of
Sacramento, to take an
of Sx)
srs from
ndependence, Mo, along
of
a
overiand trail
means of aid
places and av
these pl JOON,
tion agai
called that won
pire.” 1a h historic
Trail, once known
cause of the
historian, but in
a familiar word to through
Emerson Hough's “The
ered Wagon” and the movie that
made from that book.
This latest project Is only one of
several of a similar nature which
have been undertaken in recent years.
Six years ago the Old Oregon Trall
association was organized at Baker,
n a route which has well been
“road an em
Oregon
to thousands be
by Parkman, the
modern
book
times made
millions
novel Cov-
was
designated by the states through
which it passes and also designated
by the congress of the United States
as & national highway and, by so do-
ing, do honor to the memory of the
brave ploneer men and women who
faced the perils of a savage land to
carve out new homes for themselves
in the ‘Oregon Country,’ and to make
ft American territory; to permanent.
ly mark the road with the design of
the Ox Team and Covered Wagon
so tlmt its history may he preserved
and be a constant reminder to the
younger generation of the hardships
endured by those who blazed the way
and laid the foundation of our pres-
ent day civilization,”
In 1923 a pageant was staged at
Meacham, Ore, and President Hard
ing formally dedicated the Old Ore-
gon Trail by unveiling a monument
at Emigrant Springs, one of thr most
famous camping spots on the trail,
Since that time the association, and
an allied organization, the Oregon
Trail Memorial association with head-
quarters in New York, has beer en-
gaged in an effort te get official rec.
ognition from congress of their pro-
ject for marking the trail and per-
petdating it as a broad motor high-
way. The president of the memorial
association 18 Ezra Neeker, the nine.
ty-seven-year<ld pioneer who first
went over the trail in 1852. He has
gone over it five times in the last
twenty years, His first two trips in
that time, In 1907 and 1911, Were
made by ox team, as was his Journey
in 1852 when it took five months to
cover the distance at an average speed
of vo miles an hour. In 1015 and
A Sale Bill of 1849
When the California gold fever
spread ovr the country many persons
gold their property and hurried West
to get rich, Here is a sale bill of
those days:
SALE
Having sold my farm and 1 am leav.
tng for Oregon Territory by ox team,
will offer, March 1, 1849, all of my per.
sonal property, to-wit:
All ox teams except two teams, Buck
and Ben and Tom and Jerry, 2 milk
cows: 1 gray mare and colt; 1 pair of
oxen and yoke; 1 baby yoke; 2 ox
carts; 3 iron foot of poplar wealber
we
*
0000000889000 0 0806000000,
i »
The
$e
*
Oregon Trail
wagons, rolling
threat may check thelr
¢, no river deep and wide;
3 the Fiatte, they
Snake they cross
Divide
as once from
vales through Asia's
door
shield
plain
before
march where leap
telope and storm the
Westward as their
marched ten thousand
ago,
ford
the
India’s
mountain
and spear
thelr
on Europe's
fathers marched
the an-
buffalo
fathers
years
Two hundred wagons,
Oregon
Creeping down the
low the mountain crest
Burging through the brawling stream,
funging, plunging, forging on,
Two hundred wagons, rolling toward
the West.
rolling out to
dark defile bee
Now toils the dusty
swinging wagon poles
Where Walla Walla pours along.
where broad Columbia rolls
long haired trappers face
grows dark and scowls the
painted brave;
Where now the beaver
dam the wheat and
wave
The British
caravan with
RR RK
The
builds his
rye shall
trader shakes his head
and weighs his nation's loss,
where those hardy settlers come
the Stars and Stripes will toss
block the wheels, unyoke the
steers: the i= his who
daren:
The cabins rise,
and
For
Then
prize
the fields are sown.
Oregon is theirs!
Resse ssn see
They will take, they will hold,
By the spade in the meld,
By the seed In the soil,
By the sweat and the toll,
Pv tha plow In the loam
By the School and the Home!
»
LCR ER
ICCC RR EEK
we
-
Two
hundred wagons,
Oregon,
hundred
and far
hundred wagons,
grumbling, relling
bBundred wagons,
Star!
«Arthur Oulterman in
Ploneer.”
(BE. P Dutton and Company.)
rolling out to
Two wagons, rapging free
.
Two rumbling,
on,
following »
.
Two
LEE EX 3
ee
»
“YI Sing the
ol
XE
AEE EEE NESE
.
1026 hé retraced his path dn an auto-
mobile and in 1024 he went over the
trall in an airplane, continuing his
flight to Washington where he was
regeived by President Coolidge, aft
ef having spanned the continent In
seventy-two hours,
The Oregon Trail In reality had two
boards: plow with wood mole board;
800 to 1.000 three-foot clap boards; 1,-
500 ten foot fence rails; 1 sixty gallon
soap kettle; 85 sugar troughs, made of
white ash timber; 10 gallons of maple
syrup; 2 spinning wheels; 30 pounds
of mutton tallow; 1 large loom, made
by Jerry Wilson; 200 poles: 100 split
hoops 100 empty barrels; 1 thirty-two
gallon barrel of Johnson Miller whisky,
séven years old; 20 gallons of apple
brandy: 1 forty gallon copper still, of
oak tanned leather; 1 dozen real bopks;
2 handle hooks; 8 scythes and eradles;
1 dozen wooden pitchforks, one-half
interest. in tanyard; 1 thirty-two cal.
bre rifle, buNet mold and powder horn,
rifle made by Ben Miller; 50 gallons of
PREECE ELE T TERE NNRENNe ssa t erste sss t rss ret I REISS see
eastern termini, alth
known ort
The other
(formerly
gon” continue
he North Platte to Fort Laramie
Wyoming, through the
on past
press nt city
Independence
whicl called the “Register
of the Trail,” because so many of the
emigrants carved their names or in
itials great landmark, From
there it angled south and west until
it crossed the Continental divide at
[Routh Pass, where the town of Pa-
cific is now located. From here led
two routes, one making a bend to
the south, past the present city of
Kemmerer, the other going more near
Casper and
i
Rock, wis
on this
Entering Idaho the trall passed
through the present towns of Mont
old Fort Hall stood at the junction
of the Port Neuf and the Snake
rivers. Following the south bank of
the Snake, it went through what are
towns of American Falls,
town
it crossed
there it passed
near the present
of Glenn's Ferry, where
Snake From
Nampa, Caldwell and Parma, near
where it crossed the Snake a second
time. From there It entered the pres.
through Houtington at
the mouth of the Burnt River canyon,
the canyon into the Powder val
From here it werit through the Grande
Ronde valley, over the Blue moun
on past the present .site of Pehdleton
to the Umatill From there it fol
lowed along the south bank of the
Colutnbia, although, at the Dalles the
emigrants usually took to boats and
rafts or to the Barlow road on through
to Oregon City and Portland, From
there they spread out over the Wil
liamette valley, the Clatsop plains and
ington, “And Oregon was theirs!”
soft soap: hams, bacon and lard! 40
gallons of sorghum molasses; 6 head
of fox hounds, all soft mouthed ex-
cept one,
At the same time 1 will sell my six
negro slaves—2 men, 356 and 50 years
old; 2 boys, 12 and 18 years old; 2
mulatto wenches, 40 and 30 years old.
Will sell all together to same party, as
will not separate them,
Terms of sale, cash In hand, or nots
to draw 4 per cent Interest with Bob
MoeConnel as surety,
My home is 2 miles south of Ver
wailles, Kentucky, on the MecCouns
ferry pike, Sale begins at 2 o'cloak
A. M. Plenty to drink and eat,
J. La MOSS,
Maintain Grazing Capacity.
verage conditions, where
heen «6
Weed Worse Than Quack
Combated by Plowing
spurge 1s ¢ invadi
t
* i
ans warned the farmer that
kille
1
i
ones would
Doctor
if the patch wag not the whole
farm and
be worthless,
2 Souk ect
ag oining soon
Up-to-Date Information
on Planting Soy Beans
Bulletin 310 of the Illinois
at Urbana contains the best up-to-date
Information on soy beane It tells all
about planting soy beans, the vari
etles to use, and how to harvest. A
map of Illinois is printed in the bul-
letin Indicating that beans are
most extensively grown in eastern and
southern Illinois. For the state as a
whole the acreage Is only 700.
Xr. In-other words soy
grown as extensively In
whent is grown In Towa,
the fact that soy beans are-so pop
ular In Illinois the Illinois bulletin
should be especially worth while,
station
8O¥
aver
beans
[illinois as
lecanse of
are
RR RR REE REE EE EE
Farm Notes
X
BEER ERS As sss ss Nase se]
Half the sugar Is lost from
during the first 24 hours after
ears are pulled,
. "0
»
-.
"
com
the
The food valne of eggs hag no re-
lation to the eolor of the shells
Browns or whites are the sane inside.
» Ad *
Loafing hens In the farm flock
ent up the profits the busy biddies
make. Good poultrymen soon send
them to the butcher,
. "0
* It costs a great deal less to pro
duce 100 pounds of milk from heavy
yielding cows than from cows pro-
ducing smaller amounts,
* +»
Ants may be exterminated in lawn
or garden by driving a rod down into
the nest and pouring boiling water,
in which potatoes have been boiled,
down into the hole. Lye water also
is effective,
CE
The Jersey Black Giant probably 1s
the largest of the American breeds.
The standard weights are 13 pounds
11 pounds for cockerel and 8 pounds
for the pullet,
eo»
Chiggers, ure sometimes serious
pestis on little clilcks, They cannot,
however, tolerate flowers of sulphur,
Sprinkling it in the down or feathers
and an application in the grass where
the chicks run will soon check them.
always this
never this
EVEN if you've had a dozen fail.
ures—or if you never made jelly
before — you can make jellies
successfully with Pexel. Just add
it to fruit juice and bring to full
boil. Then add sugar. Bring to
vigorous boil once more. Take
kettle from range. Skim. Pour
into glasses. That's all—it will
be jelled as soon as it is cool.
When you use Pexel, its price
~—30c—is repaid from one to
three times. Time and fuel are
saved. You make more jelly be-
cause fruit juice, sugar and flavor
are not wasted by prolonged
boiling.
Pexel is a 1009, pure-fruit prod-
uct. It is absolutely colorless,
Average Californian
average Californian
Californian at
Missouri
according to figures of IL. E. Ross,
chief of the state's bureau of vital
statistics, Only one-third of the pres
ent population of the state is native,
Illinois leads all other states in popu-
lating the Golden State, having con-
tributed 137.000 residents. Missouri
ms contributed 104000 inhabitants;
New York, 102.000: Ohio, 88880; Iowa,
fA.500, and Kansas, 62.850,
The
isn't a
from
probably
but
or New
hails
York.
all,
i1inaia
Hlinoisg,
The women of Lapland are among
the in the world, averaging
only four feet nine Inches in height
gmallest
tasteless, odorless. It is a powder,
not a liquid. Keeps indefinitely.
Just as effective in any season
with bottled juices or unsweetened
canned fruits.
Get Pexel at your grocer's.
Only 30c. Recipe booklet with
casy-to-follow directions in every
package. The Pexel Company
Chicago, IIL
W” Here are a few examples of
low much jelly Pexel makes:
cups sugar make 11 glasses of jelly.
4": cups raspberry juice, Pexel, 8 cups
sugar make 11 glasses of jelly.
6 cups currant juice, Pexel, 10 cups
sugar make 14 glasses of jelly.
4"; cups grape juice, Pexel, 7 cups
sugar make 10 glasses of jelly.
Why is It that neighborly
go often one of envy and
is all
you need
ne Scap
for Keep your complexion free of
blemishes, youriakin clear,
soft, smooth and white, your
TOILET
bir silky ® vour
SHAMPOO i
—Glenn’s
Sulphur Soap
Contain 3339 Pure Sulphur. At druggies,
Rohland's Styptic Cotton, 25¢
~
4, |
W. H. FORST, Mfg.